八年級(jí)下Unit10Ivehadthisbikeforthreeyears課件

before

/ago

before和ago都能表示在一段時(shí)間以前，但是二者的內(nèi)涵和具體用法有明顯的區(qū)別：

1.

before表示從過去或?qū)砟骋粫r(shí)間算起多少時(shí)間以前，由于與這一時(shí)間狀語連用的行為先發(fā)生在過去或?qū)砟骋粫r(shí)刻之前，因此往往出現(xiàn)在過去完成時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)硗瓿蓵r(shí)態(tài)中。例如：I

called

him

up

last

night,but

his

mother

told

me

he

had

left

for

Wuhan

two

days

before.

②She

said

that

she

had

married

him

five

years

before.

2.如果不具體表明多少時(shí)間以前，before意為"從前；以前"，表示從現(xiàn)在開始追溯到過去一段時(shí)間，或者主句的謂語動(dòng)詞表示的是經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的行為，以副詞的形式置于句末，可以用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中。例如：

①I

have

never

been

to

Beijing

before.

②Have

you

ever

seen

a

tiger

before?

③

I

often

go

over

the

lessons

that

I

have

learned

a

few

days

before.

注意：before前的時(shí)間狀語如果是特定的，含義不一樣。試比較：He

said

he

had

arrived

here

a

day

before.

(一天前)

He

said

he

had

arrived

here

the

day

before.

(前一天)

3.

ago指的是從現(xiàn)在起到過去時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)的一段時(shí)間。這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語常與一般過去時(shí)態(tài)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)連用。例如：

①I

graduated

from

the

college

twenty

years

ago.

②I

was

asked

what

I

was

doing

a

month

ago.

4.

表示在某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)或事件以前時(shí)，只能用before，不用ago。因?yàn)檫@種用法是將before當(dāng)作介詞或連詞使用。ago不具有這種功能。例如：

①He

will

come

back

before

eleven

o'clock.

他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。

Nick參軍3年了.

他離開深圳好長時(shí)間了。這本書我已借了4個(gè)月了.Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfor2years.

Nickhasbeeninthearmyfor3years.

HehasbeenawayfromShenzhenforalongtime.

Ihavekeptthebookfor4months.

method2:Itis+時(shí)間段+since+一般過去時(shí)的句子.他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。

Nick參軍3年了.

他離開深圳好長時(shí)間了。這本書我已借了4個(gè)月了.Itis2yearssincehisgrandpadied.

Itis3yearssinceNickjoinedthearmy.ItisalongtimesinceheleftShenzhen.

Itis4monthssinceIborrowedthebook.他參軍五年了。HejoinedtheArmyfiveyearsago.——HehasbeenintheArmyforfiveyears.——HehasbeenintheArmymemberforfiveyears.——itisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheArmy電影開始五分鐘了。Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.——Thefilmhasbeenon

forfiveminutes.——Thefilmhasbeenon

sincefiveminutesago.——Itisfiveminutessincethefilmbegan.toybear玩具熊breadmaker面包機(jī)scarfn.

圍巾復(fù)數(shù)為：scarvessofttoys毛絨玩具boardgames棋類游戲

howlong,howsoon,howoften,howfarHowlong

多久,多長(時(shí)間)。對(duì)時(shí)間段提問,如:for+時(shí)間段；since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)/時(shí)間段+ago/一般過去時(shí)的句子。e.g.--HowlonghaveyouworkedinBeijing?--Forfiveyears.1.--Howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?--Ihavehaditforthreeyears.LanguagepointsHowsoon多久以后。對(duì)“in+時(shí)間段提問,常用于一般將來時(shí)”,其答語常用“in+時(shí)間段”。e.g.--HowsoonwillMr.Libeback?--Inaweek.Howoften

多久一次,對(duì)頻率提問,其答語為:once(twice/…)+時(shí)間段,always,usually等。e.g.--Howoftendoyouexercise?--Onceaday.Howfar

多遠(yuǎn)，對(duì)距離提問，其答語是表距離的內(nèi)容。e.g.--Howfarisitfromheretoyourschool?--Threekilometers.Unit10I'vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.Samgotsicktwodaysago.Samhasbeensickfortwodays.Lilygotherdriver’slicense(執(zhí)照)in1999.Lilyhashadherdriver’slicensesince(自從)1999.Samhasbeensicksincetwodaysago.=JimstartedtoplaytennisinJanuary.JimhasplayedtennissinceJanuary.MarymovedtoHawaiiin1996.MaryhaslivedinHawaiiforabout18years.I_________inMa’anMiddleSchoolsince18yearsago.(work)

haveworked=I_________inMa’anMiddleSchoolfor

18years.(work)

haveworked現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)二:用法2:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并可能還將持續(xù)下去。簡稱“延續(xù)用法”.1）常與for,since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連用.since,for的用法:2）動(dòng)詞使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。此用法需注意兩點(diǎn)：因?yàn)樗查g動(dòng)詞在肯定句、since:(自…以來)1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+時(shí)間段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.疑問句中不能和時(shí)間段連用.since＋一段時(shí)間＋ago＝for＋時(shí)間段;sincetwoweeksago=fortwoweeks;Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek.=Ihavekeptthelibrarybooksincea

weekago.在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，for與since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。3)since+從句(句子要用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)）She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.

for:(長達(dá)）for+時(shí)間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.含有for，since的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法歌訣:過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，for、since把時(shí)間帶。歌訣用for和since填空。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere______lastSunday_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______threeyearsago_______lastmonthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時(shí)間段連用。為了表述這種意思，我們常將短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)變成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來代替非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，或變成：Itis+時(shí)間段+since+一般過去時(shí)的句子.常見非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)變第一類：短暫動(dòng)詞be+adj.diefinishopen/closefallill/asleepmarrysb/getmarriedto第二類：短暫動(dòng)詞be+介詞.start/beginleavejoin

bedeadbeawayfrom

bein/beamemberofbeopen/closedbeonbeoverbeill/asleepbemarriedto第三類：短暫動(dòng)詞另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞buyborrowbecomeputonkeephavebewear

巧記瞬間性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換“開始離去借來還，出生入死買到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，開開關(guān)關(guān)變結(jié)束?！?beginbeon6

returnbeback2leavebeawayfrom7

joinbein3

gobeoff8

diebedead4

borrowkeep9

buyhave5

comebehere10

arrivebehere10reachbehere11putonwear12fallasleepbeasleep13catchacoldhaveacold14openbeopen15closebeclosed16becomebe17end/finishbeoverA:Howlonghaveyoustudiedin

thisschool?B:I__________(study)inthisschool

for2years.

havestudied

=I__________(study)inthisschool

____2years___.

havestudiedsince

agoItistwoyears______IstudiedEnglish.since()1.Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?___.A.SincelastmonthB.LastmonthagoC.LastmonthbeforeD.Lastmonth()2.Hisfather___thecomputerfortwoyears.A.hasboughtB.hashadC.boughtD.havehad()3.Howlonghaveyou_____thebook?I_________itsincetwodaysago.A.borrowed,haveborrowedB.keep,havekeptC.kept,havekeptD.kept,kept()4.Wehavebeengoodfriendssincewe___eachotherfiveyearsago.A.knewB.haveknownC.gotoknowD.knowABCAUnit10I'vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.=I’vehadthisbikesincethreeyearsago.=It’sthreeyearssinceIboughtthisbike.=Iboughtthisbikethreeyearsago.PairworkNewwordsYardsale庭院舊貨出售這是國外的一種風(fēng)俗，也是一種獨(dú)特的售貨方式。人們利用周末，將家中擱置不用的物件，放在自家庭院中廉價(jià)出售，因而被稱作yardsale，也可譯作“家庭拍賣會(huì)”。庭院售賣的物品種類繁多，大到家具，電器，小到玩具，衣物和鞋帽。這些物品雖多數(shù)為二手家什，但也有全新的物品，且價(jià)格合理公道，甚至還可討價(jià)還價(jià)。正是這種低廉，公道的價(jià)格及買家淘寶和碰大運(yùn)的心理，使得yardsale廣受歡迎，逐漸演變成一種獨(dú)特的文化現(xiàn)象。1bListenandcheck(√)thefacts

youhear._____Jeff’sfamilyishavingayardsale._____Amythinksit’shardtosellheroldthings._____Jeffhashadhisbikeformorethan10years._____Amywantstokeepheroldthingsbecausetheybringbacksweetmemories._____Youcanalsogiveoldthingsawayto

people

inneed.√√√Listening勾起甜蜜回憶1c

Practicetheconversation.Then

makeconversationsaboutother

thingsinthepictureonpage73.A:Thisisareallyoldbook.B:Yes,I’vehaditforsevenyears.I’vereaditthreetimes.A:Whyareyousellingit?B:BecauseIdon’treaditanymore.A:Howmuchisit?B:Youcanhaveitfor75cents.2aListenandcheck()thethings

Amy’sfamilyaregivingawayand

circlethethingstheyarekeeping.

bookmagazinetoybeartoyliontoytigerbreadmakersweaterdresshatscarf2b

Listenagainandfillintheblanks.1.Amyhashadherfavorite______forthreeyears.2.Amyhashadtheboy_____sinceshewasa______.3.Amy’smomhashadtheoldbreadmakerformorethan_____years.4.Amycangiveawaythe_______and______becausetheydonot

fither

anymore.bookbearbaby10sweaterdress2c

StudentsAisAmy’smom.Student

BisAmy.Makeconversations.A:Amy,canwegiveawaythesesofttoys?B:Mom,Iwanttokeepthebear.A:Why?It’ssoold.B:BecauseI’vehaditsinceIwasababy.PairworkLinda:WelcometoSunshineHomeforChildren.I’mLinda.Amy:Hi,I’mAmy.Ihavesomethingsforthekids.I’vehadthismagazineforacoupeofmonths.Thestoriesinsidemaybeabit

old,butthey’restillinteresting.Linda:Great!Manychildrenherelovereading.2dRole-playtheconversation.Amy:Andcheckoutthesesofttoysandboardgamesforyoungerkids.I’vehadthemsinceIwasachild.There’salsoasweaterandadress.Linda:Perfect!Wealwaysneedtoysandclothes.Amy:Onelastthingisabreadmaker.Mymom’shaditforalongtimebutitstillworks.Linda:Thankssomuch!check用作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“檢查,審查”;checkout意為“察看，觀察”。e.g.Ifyoufinishit,checkitbyyourselffirst.

如果你完成了，就自己先檢查一下。

Checkoutallthebooksforchildren.

察看一下所有的兒童書籍。check還可用作名詞，意為“支票,賬單”。Readthearticlewrittenbyafatherforanewspaper.Whatishisfamilygoingtosellattheyardsale?Son:Daughter:Father:3aFastreadingatrainandrailwayset

，

thetoymonkeycertaintoysfootballshirts清理；丟掉擁有一套軌道火車partwith放棄(=giveup)、交出，

partv.

離開，分開n.部分,地區(qū)，區(qū)域e.g.Don’tpartwithyourdream.不要放棄你的夢(mèng)想。=totellthetruthhonest為形容詞，意為“誠實(shí)的；老實(shí)的”。反義詞為dishonest“不誠實(shí)的”。1.Whydidtheydecidetohaveayardsale?2.Whatdotheywanttodowiththemoneyfromthesale?Becausethefather’schildrengetbiggerandtheirhouseseemstogetsmaller.Theywanttogivethemoneytoachildren’shome.3bReadthearticleagainandanswerthequestions.3.Whydoesthesonwanttokeephistrainandrailwayset?4.Howcantheoldtoysbeusefulagain?Becausehehasowneditsincehisfourthbirthday,andheplayedwithitalmosteveryweekuntilhewasaboutseven.Theycanbesold

to

thepeoplewhoneedthem.可以被賣掉5.Haveyoueverthoughtabouthavingayardsaletosellyourthings?

Whatwouldyoudowith

themoneyyouraise?Yes,Ihave.Iwouldgiveittothecharity.你會(huì)怎樣處理你籌集的錢？Findthewordsorphrasesinthearticlewhichcanbereplacedwiththeonesbelowandwritethemnexttothewords.lose—partwithkids—_______truthful—__________many—________sometime—______eventhough—_______quickly—______older—______childrenhonestalotofalthoughfastbiggerawhile3cExercise1.MybestfriendTomis____honestboy.Youcanbelievehim.A.aB.anC.theD./2.—IsMr.SmithstillinShanghai?—Yes,he____therefortwomonths.A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.hasbeentoD.hasgonetoExercises1.Howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeover there?

I’vehaditforthreeyears.2.Howlonghashissonownedthetrain andrailwayset?

He’sowneditsincehisfourthbirthday.3.Haveyoueverplayedfootball?

Yes,IdidwhenIwaslittle,butIhaven’t playedforawhilenow.4aRewritethesentencesusingfororsince.JimisinJapan.Hearrivedtherethreedaysago.2.Theyareveryhungry.Theirlastmealwastenhoursago.Theyhaven’teaten

fortenhours/sincetenhoursago.Jimhas

beenin

Japanforthreeyears.3.Ihaveacamera.Iboughtitin2009.4.IknowAnna.Ifirstmetherthreeyearsago.5.Lindaisill.ShebecameillonMonday.Ihavehadacamerasince2009.IhaveknownAnnforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.LindahasbeenillsinceMonday.4bFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.I_______________(neverbe)tothewaterparkbefore.Iwantto_____(go)nextmonthbeforetheweathergetstoocold.2.They_________________(neverown)anypets,butthey___________(alwayswant)tohaveadog.haveneverbeengohaveneverownedhavealwayswanted3.We_________(have)apianosincelast November.We_______(buy)itfrom theLifamilywhentheymovedtothe USlastyear.4.CathyandAmy____________(notbe) backtotheirhometownfortwoyears. They______(miss)theirhometowna

lotandhopetovisittheplacenextyear.havehadboughthaven’tbeenmiss

verymuch5.Thismuseum_________(be)herefor over20years.It_____(be)oneofthe oldestbuildingsinthissmalltown.

hasbeenisSectionB11aCheck(√

)theplacesorthingsyoucanfindinyourtownorcity.____amuseum____aprimaryschool____abridge____azoo____apark____ahill____alibrary____ariver√√√√√√√√GroupworkListenandanswerthequestions.1.DoesMartinlikeJenny’shometown?2.DoesJennystillliveinherhometown?3.Whatisbehindthesciencemuseum?Whatdopeopledothereonweekends?1b

Yes,hedoes.No,shedoesn’t.Abigpark.Peoplegotheretolettheirkidsrunaroundandclimbthehills.ListeningListenagainandfillinthechartabouttheplacesinJenny’shometown.1cPlaceNeworold?Howlonghasitbeenthere?townlibrarysciencemuseumrestaurantdownthestreetoldforhundredsofyearsnewsincelastAugustoldforaslongasJennycanrememberTalkaboutyourtown/citywithapartner.A:Mycityislovely.B:Whataresomeofthespecialplacesthere?A:Well,there’saconcerthallthere.It’sbeenaroundforatleast20years.1dGroupworkHowoftendoyouvisityourhometown?Whatarethechangesinyourhometown?WarmimgupAnswerthequestionsbeforeyouread.Thenreadthepassagetofindoutif(是否）youranswersarethesameasinthepassage.2aCarefulreading1.WhydomillionsofChineseleavethecountrysideeveryyear?2.Howoftendoyouthinkthesepeoplevisittheirhometowns?3.Whatnewbuildingsdoesthegovernmentusuallybuildintownsandvillages?TosearchforworkincitiesIthinktheyvisittheirhometownsonceortwiceayear.Largehospitalsandnewschools.先前的家鄉(xiāng)情懷Readingways閱讀策略amongprep.在三者或三者以上之間betweenprep.在兩者之間1)Tomsits________thestudents.

湯姆坐在學(xué)生之間。2)Tomsits_______MaryandFrank.

湯姆坐在瑪麗和弗蘭克之間。among與betweenAmongtheseisZhongWei,a46-year-oldhusbandandfatheramongbetweenin/forthepast/last+數(shù)字+時(shí)間名詞:“過去……（時(shí)間）以來”,常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用’“對(duì)…..很感興趣”

regard意為“將······認(rèn)為；把······視為”。常用短語regardAasB意為“將A視為B；把A當(dāng)做B”，as為介詞，其后接名詞或代詞。1)我把你當(dāng)做我最好的朋友。

Iregardyouasmybestfriend.2)我們把他當(dāng)成兄弟看待。

Weregard

himasourbrother.

我注意到在我的家鄉(xiāng)這些改變確實(shí)在發(fā)生’一成不變accordingto意為“依照，按照”，to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或從句。sohappyachildhoodFindexpressionsinthepassagethathavethesamemeaningsasthesewordsandphrases.1.lookfor_________5.goback_______2.consider________6.changes_________3.acrossfrom_______7.area_______4.inone’sopinion___________2bsearchforregardoppositeaccordingtoreturndevelopmentsplaceconsider動(dòng)詞，意為“考慮”，=thinkabout，后跟名詞，代詞，動(dòng)名詞，賓語從句或“疑問詞+不定式”。

1）Pleaseconsidermyadvice.

請(qǐng)考慮我的建議。2）IamconsideringgoingtoBeijingonvacation.

我正在考慮去北京度假。3）Hehasneverconsideredhowtosolvetheproblem.

他從未考慮過如何解決那個(gè)問題。Completethesummarywithwordsfromthepassage.Youmayneedtochangetheformsofthewords.ManyChinesepeoplethesedaysleavetheir_________toworkin_______.Theyusually_______totheirhometownoneortwotimesa______.

ZhongWeihasn’tbeenbackinclosetothreeyears.Hehasbeenworkingina________factoryinWenzhouforthepast13years.2chometowncitiesreturnyearcrayonPeoplelikehimare_________inhowtheirhometownsarechanging.Newbuildingsareoftenbuiltbythe___________.ZhongWeithinksthesechangesare_____becausethingsneedtochange

inordertobecomebetter.Buthealsothinkssomethings___________change,andhishometownisstilltheplacethatholdsallhischildhood_________.interestedgovernmentgoodwillnevermemoriesThinkofchangesthathappeninginyourtownorcitytoday.Whichchangesaregenerallygood?Whichchangescouldbeseenasbad?2dGroupwork3aGroupworkThinkaboutyourfavoritethingfromchildhoodwhichyoustillhave.Forexample,itcanbeatoyorabook.Thentakenotesusingthequestions.1.Howlonghaveyouhadit?2.Howdidyougetit?Didsomeonegiveittoyou?Who?3.Whydoyoulikeitsomuch?Whyisitspecial?4.Canyousayanythingmoreaboutit?Inthefirstparagraph,introduceyourfavoritething.Inthesecondparagraph,talkaboutwhyitisspecial.Inthethirdparagraph,writeaboutastoryormemories.Writethreeparagraphsaboutyourfavoritething.Useyournotesin3atohelpyou.3b寫作指導(dǎo)

usefulsentences

Myfavoritethingfromchildhoodis_____.I’vehaditfor/since_____.____gaveittome.Ilike_____somuchbecause_____.It’sspecialtomebecause____.Ithink_____._____hasgivenmemanymemories.Irememberwhen______.Myfavoritethingfromchildhoodisatoycar.Ihavehaditfor6years.MyfathergaveittomewhenIwasfiveyearsold.IlikeitsomuchbecauseIplayedwithiteverydayuntilIwenttoschool.It’sspecialtomebecauseitwasmyfifthbirthdaygiftthatmyfatherbought.參考范文

Thetoycarhasgivenmemanymemories.IrememberwhenIwassevenIstillplayedwithit.Iwouldnevergotobedwithoutit.OnedayIcouldn’tfinditafterIreturnedhomefromschool.Iaskedmyparentstohelpmefindit.Welookedforiteverywhereuntilmymotherfounditundermybed.

1.Completethesentencesusingfororsince.1.Ihaven’tbeentoamuseum____________________________.2.Ihaven’twrittenaletter______________________.3.Ihaven’triddenabike____________.4.Ihaven’tseenamovie__________.5.Ihaven’tplayedcomputergames___________.Selfcheckfortwoyears/sincetwoyearsagosinceIwastenyearsagoforfiveyearssince2010foroneyearA:HeyEric,_____youenjoyedyourtimeinBeijingsofar?B:Yes,it___beengreat!Everyoneissofriendly.A:Howlong_____youbeeninChinanow?B:Oh,I__________here___abouttwoyearsnow.havehashavehavebeenfor2.Completetheconversation.A:Wow,thatmeansyouhaven’t______backtotheUSfortwoyears.B:No,I____beenbacktwice_____movingtoChina.____youbeentotheUSbefore,LiJuan?A:Yes,IwentthereoncewhenI_____10yearsold,butI_____notbeenback_____then.beenhaveafterHave

washavesince

1.—JackieChanhasdonated___dollarstocharity.—Heisanexampletousall.A.thousand B.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof2.—Canyougivemesomeinformationaboutvacationtrips?—Whynot___goingtoHainanIsland?A.considerB.mindC.keepD.thinkDAExercises3.—DidyougotoKenliduringthePeachBlossomFestival(桃花節(jié))?—Yes.Theflowerswerebeautiful.Beeswereflying____them.A.inB.amongC.betweenD.through4.NowadaysmillionsofChineseleavethecountrysideto___fortheworkincities.A.lookedB.searchC.findD.seeBB5.Mr.Jack______Chinaforseveralyears.A.hasbeento B.hascometoC.hasbeenin D.cametoC1.howlong多久，多長時(shí)間2.haveayardsale舉行庭院拍賣會(huì)3.giveaway捐贈(zèng)；贈(zèng)送4.not…anymore不再……5.welcometo…歡迎到……6.abit一點(diǎn)兒，稍微7.boardgame棋類游戲8.checkout察看；觀察9.abreadmaker面包機(jī)短語歸納10.growup長大11.clearout收拾，整理12.alotof許多13.nolonger不再；不復(fù)14.atfirst起初15.forexample例如16.arainandrailwayset一套軌道火車17.asfor…至于……18.giveup放棄19.tobehonest說實(shí)在的20.atleast至少21.onweekends在周末22.onceortwiceayear一年一兩次23.millionsof數(shù)百萬的24.searchfor尋找25.accordingto依據(jù)；按照26.acrossfrom在……的對(duì)面27.inone’sopinion依……看28.inorderto為了1.Itis+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.(對(duì)某人來說)做某事是……2.wanttodosth.想要做某事3.lovedoingsth.喜歡做某事4.decidetodosth.決定做某事5.havebeenin+地點(diǎn)在某處待了多久用法集萃Makenewsentencesaccordingtothestructures.6.hopetodosth.希望做某事7.oneof+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+

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