【公開課】高中語法學(xué)習(xí)：過去分詞

1.作定語2.作表語4.作狀語3.作賓補(bǔ)過去分詞單個(gè)過去分詞作定語，常放在被修飾詞的前面;過去分詞短語作定語，常放在被修飾詞的后面。Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA解析

①過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作已完成。②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。③不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.Doyouknowthenameoftheplay___inthehallnow?A.tobeputonB.beingputonC.putonD.puttingonCBAA4.Pleasedon’tforgethim.Heisoneof_______.A.thoseinvitedB.invitedthoseC.thoseinvitingD.invitingthose3.Iborrowedabook______byMarkTwainfromthelibrarylastweek.Ilikeitverymuch.A.writtenB.writingC.waswrittenD.towrite1.Didyouattendthemeeting______yesterday?A.tobeheldB.havingbeenheldC.heldD.beingheld過去分詞作表語1.用作表語的過去分詞被動(dòng)意味很弱，主要表示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài)，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去分詞動(dòng)詞意味很強(qiáng),句子主語為動(dòng)作的承受者，后面常跟by短語。①Theglassisbroken.TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.②Thewindowsareclosed.ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.3.表示“感覺流露”的一些過去分詞(如:interested,

surprised,excited,frightened,shocked)和一些過去分詞(如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表語,表示狀態(tài).其中有些僅表示狀態(tài),毫無被動(dòng)意味。①Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?Theygotvery

excited.③Shewasvery

disappointed

toheartheresult.④He’squite

experienced

inteachingbeginners.

②HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?Well,hisfatherseems

pleased

withhisresults.過去分詞作表語C解析該題考查分詞作表語的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”

計(jì)時(shí)給某人報(bào)酬。此題被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay2.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.grewlostD.gotlostCDC3.Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.

A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby

1.Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)1.從時(shí)間上：表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。

come,go,fall,change(表位移,變化的不及物動(dòng)詞)

Ifoundthecountrysidechangedalot.2.從語態(tài)上:表被動(dòng).

Iwanttogetmyhaircuttomorrow.過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)1.表“希望，要求”的動(dòng)詞：

want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)doneIwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.2.表“感覺，心理狀態(tài)”的動(dòng)詞：see,hear,feel,watch,notice,find,think+object+p.p.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.make,get,have,keep

3.使役動(dòng)詞Iwanttogetmyhaircuttomorrow.=Iwanttogetthebarbertocutmyhair.=

Iwanttoletthebarbercutmyhair.4.介詞短語作賓補(bǔ)with,without+n.+p.p.Doyouknowthemanwithhishandstiedback?Theyleftwithoutadishtouched.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_____behindshisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tiedD過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語，修飾謂語，大多說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情景，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步、伴隨情況等。一般說來，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語是主句的主語。a、表示時(shí)間Seen

fromthespace,theearthlooksblue.Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.b、表示條件Kept

inrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.c、表示原因d、表示伴隨情況e、表示讓步Deeplymoved

bythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.Astheyweredeeplymoved,thechildrenbegantocry.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followed

byherlittledaughter.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,and

wasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.Beaten

bytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.Althoughhewas

beatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.過去分詞1.作狀語___inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC解析1.該題考查過去分詞作狀語的用法。動(dòng)詞-ing或過去分詞作狀語,其邏輯主語應(yīng)是主句主語。2.“陷入深思”有兩種表達(dá)法，

A.Loseoneselfinthought

B.belostinthought

按句子提供的語境可用結(jié)構(gòu)B.________areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notreceiving B.ReceivingnotC.Nothavingreceived D.HavingnotreceivedCBefore_____,themachinemustbechecked.beingused B.usingit C.beingused