【創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)】高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 214第四章非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件（江蘇專(zhuān)用）

第四章非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

一、不定式1．不定式作主語(yǔ)不定式可直接放在句首作主語(yǔ)。有時(shí)也用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式放在后面，以避免頭重腳輕，保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡?！纠?】________Englishtodayisthemostimportanttasktome.A．Study B．BeingstudiedC．Studied D．Tostudy答案D【例2】Itismyhonor________heretospendsometimewithyou.A．tobeinvited B．invitingC．beinginvited D．toinvite答案A2．不定式作表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ)，通常說(shuō)明或解釋主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，也可表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作?！纠?】Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier，________itmoredifficult.A．notmaking B．notmakeC．nottomake D．tonotmake答案C【例4】Todaymyjobis________alltheflowersinthegarden.A．water B．havingwateredC．towater D．watered答案C3．不定式作賓語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞常跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：want，wish，hope，expect，agree，decide，learn，pretend，ask，promise，plan，refuse，beg，demand，manage，offer，prepare，claim，struggle等?！纠?】Weagreed________here，butsofarshehasnotturnedupyet.A．havingmet B．meetingC．tomeet D．tohavemet答案C【例6】Whenhisfathercameback，theboypretended________hishomework.A．doingB．todoC．doneD．tobedoing答案D【例7】ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle________.A．tobeheard B．tohearC．beingheard D．hearing答案A4．不定式作賓補(bǔ)(1)有些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后面常接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：consider，get，remind，advise，allow，ask，beg，encourage，force，invite，expect，order，permit，persuade，require，want，warn，wish，teach，cause，tell，command，callon，counton，relyon，dependon，longfor，waitfor，wouldlike等。但hope，suggest，agree，demand，arrange等動(dòng)詞后不能接sb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)?！纠?】Wecan'tcountonamanlikeJim________usthenecessaryhelp.A．togive B．givingC．tobegiven D．given答案A(2)有些動(dòng)詞，主要是感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，它們的后面可接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，如：see，notice，observe，feel，hear，have，make，let等，但如果是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中，就要用帶to的不定式作主補(bǔ)?！纠?】Myparentshavealwaysmademe________aboutmyself，evenwhenIwastwelve.A．feelingwell B．feelinggoodC．feelwell D．feelgood答案D5．．不不定定式式作作定定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)(1)不定式式用用在在thefirst，，thesecond，，thelast，，theonly等等短短語(yǔ)語(yǔ)后后面面作作定定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)。?！纠?0】】Johnwasthelastman________dinnerinourfamily.A．．tobeinvitedforB．．tobeinvitedtoC．．invitedforD．．invitingto答案案B(2)不不定定式式作作定定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)，，與與被被修修飾飾的的中中心心詞詞之之間間常常表表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)為為主主謂謂關(guān)關(guān)系系或或動(dòng)動(dòng)賓賓關(guān)關(guān)系系。。ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.(主謂謂關(guān)系系)Itwasagametoberemembered.(動(dòng)賓賓關(guān)系系)【例例11】】ThatistheonlywaywecanimaA．reducing B．toreduceC．reduced D．reduce答案B6．不定式作作狀語(yǔ)(1)作原因狀語(yǔ)。不不定式?？筛谀承┬稳菰~或動(dòng)詞后面作原因因狀語(yǔ)?！纠?2】Wewereastonished________thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010·遼寧)A．findingB．tofindC．findD．tobefind答案B(2)作目的的狀語(yǔ)。不定定式作目的狀狀語(yǔ)既可放在在句首也可放放在句尾。但但為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)語(yǔ)氣，也可用用“soastodo”或或“inordertodo”結(jié)構(gòu)作目目的狀語(yǔ)。inorderto既可放在句句首也可放在句尾，soasto一般般不置于句首?！纠?3】WithFather'sDayaroundthecorner，，Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank________presentsformydad.(2010··全國(guó)Ⅰ)A．buyB．tobuyC．buyingD．tohavebought答案B【例14】________losehisjob，Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident.A．InordertonotB．InordernottoC．TonotD．Soasnotto答案B(3)作結(jié)果果狀語(yǔ)。具體體形式是：too＋adj./adv.＋todo意為“太……而不能”；adj./adv.＋enough＋＋todo意為“足以……”；only/justtodo表示出乎意料的結(jié)果?！纠?5】Doyouthinkyouarebraveenough________bungeejumping?A．tryingB．intryingC．totryD．a(chǎn)ndtry答案C【例16】Hehurriedtothestation，only________thetrainhadleft.A．findingB．foundC．tofindD．find答案C(4)用于“主語(yǔ)＋be＋＋形容詞＋不不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)中的形容詞詞有：easy，difficult，hard，comfortable，fit，convenient，pleasant等，不不定式與句子子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式式常用主動(dòng)形式，且不定定式必須是及物動(dòng)詞?！纠?7】Thearmchairisverycomfortable________.A．tositB．tositinC．sittinginD．forsittingdown答案B【例18】Wefoundtheexercisedifficult________withoutthehelpoftheEnglishteacher.A．tobedoneB．todoC．todoitD．．ofdoing答案B7．“疑問(wèn)詞詞＋不不定式式”結(jié)構(gòu)此結(jié)構(gòu)相相當(dāng)于于名詞的功功能，，即作作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成成分。。不定定式一一般只用主動(dòng)動(dòng)式不用被動(dòng)動(dòng)式。。疑問(wèn)問(wèn)詞須須作不不定式式的相相應(yīng)成分?！纠?9】】——It'snousehavingideasonly.—Don'tworry.Petercanshowyou________toturnanideaintoanact.(2010·遼遼寧)A．howB．．whoC．whatD．．where答案A【例20】】Thepoliceofficerwantstoknowwhatmeasures________tofindthemurdererassoonaA．totake B．tobetakenC．taken D．beingtaken答案A【例21】IwasmadetowritealetterinEnglish，butIdon'tknow________.A．whattowriteabout B．howtobeginwithC．howtowriteabout D．whattobegin答案A8．不定式式的時(shí)態(tài)和和語(yǔ)態(tài)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)態(tài)變化往往往是相對(duì)于于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞而言的，，如果不定定式表示的的動(dòng)作發(fā)生生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞所表示示的動(dòng)作之之后或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞所表示示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，用不不定式的一一般式；如如果不定式式表示的動(dòng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞所表示的的動(dòng)作之前，用不定式式的完成式式。不定式式的語(yǔ)態(tài)變變化往往針針對(duì)其邏輯輯主語(yǔ)而言言，如果不不定式的邏邏輯主語(yǔ)是是動(dòng)作的承承受者，用用不定式的的被動(dòng)式?！纠?2】】ThecrowdA．breaking B．havingbrokenC．tohavebroken D．tobreak答案C【例23】Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing，buttheone________firstisthelibrary. (2010·重慶)A．repaired B．beingrepairedC．repairing D．toberepaired答案D二、動(dòng)名詞詞動(dòng)名詞主要起起名詞的作作用，在句句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，一般不不作狀語(yǔ)，有各種種形式的變變化。1．動(dòng)名詞作主主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞可直接接放在句首首作主語(yǔ)。。有時(shí)也用用it作形形式主語(yǔ)，，把真正的的主語(yǔ)———?jiǎng)用~放放在后面。。注意：nouse，nogood作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，真正正的主語(yǔ)常用動(dòng)名詞，，一般不用不定式。。【例24】】Inmymind，，________thatfamousuniversitywillbetheonlywaytobecomeaworld-classwriter.A．a(chǎn)ttendingB．a(chǎn)ttendedC．a(chǎn)ttendD．havingattended答案A【例25】】Itisnouse________withhimatthistime.A．talkB．totalkC．talkingD．talked答案C2．動(dòng)名詞詞作賓語(yǔ)(1)有些動(dòng)詞(短短語(yǔ))后面面要求跟動(dòng)動(dòng)名詞作賓賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)見(jiàn)的后跟動(dòng)動(dòng)名詞作賓賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞詞有：mind，finish，enjoy，，excuse，imagine，keep，，practice，suggest，miss，consider，prevent，appreciate，advise，avoid，allow，admit，delay，escape，，permit，forbid，can'thelp(情不自自禁)，feellike，keepon，giveup，lookforwardto，devote...to，getusedto，payattentionto，befondof，beworth等?！纠?6】Hedidn'tfeellike________，soshesuggested________anEnglishletterrightaway.A．reading；；practisingwritingB．reading；；practisingtowriteC．reading；；topractisewritingD．toread；；practisingtowrite答案A【例27】——Tomenjoys________basketballonSundayafternoons，doesn'the?—Yes，hedoes.Butwhathissisterenjoys________.A．toplay；；dancingB．playing；；todanceC．toplay；；todanceD．playing；istodance答案D【例28】Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed________.A．catchingB．．tobecaughtC．beingcaughtD．tocatch答案C(2)在在havedifficulty(trouble，aproblem，ahardtime，fun，，agoodt【例29】Ihadgreatdifficulty________thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.(2010··上海)A．findB．foundC．tofindD．．finding答案D【例30】——Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh，，yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted________hisadvice!A．totakeB．．takingC．nottotakeD．nottaking答案D三、分詞分詞在句中可用用作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。1．分詞作表語(yǔ)分詞作表語(yǔ)具有有形容詞的功能，說(shuō)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性性質(zhì)或特征?！，F(xiàn)在分詞表表示主語(yǔ)與分分詞之間存在在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，意為“令人……的”，主語(yǔ)通常是是物；過(guò)去分詞表表示主語(yǔ)與分分詞之間存在在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，意為“感到……的”，主語(yǔ)通常是是人。【例31】Thiscomputergamewas________andthechildrenwere________init.A．interesting；interestingB．interested；interestedC．interesting；interestedD．interested；interesting答案C【例32】Shetookadeepbreathtocalmherself，buthervoicestillsounded________.A．excitementB．excitedC．excitingD．excitedly答案B2．分詞作定現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)既可放在所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語(yǔ)，也可放在所修飾的詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般置于所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。【例33】I'mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition________inyesterday'sChinaDaily. (2010·北京)A．a(chǎn)dvertised B．tobeadvertisedC．a(chǎn)dvertising D．havingadvertised答案A【例34】】Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundert (2010·浙江)A．beingweighed B．toweighC．weighed D．weighing答案D3．分分詞作作賓補(bǔ)補(bǔ)常跟分詞詞作賓賓補(bǔ)的的動(dòng)詞詞有：：catch，，have，get，keep，，hear，find，，feel，leave，make，，notice，observe，watch等。?！纠?5】】Alexandertriedtogethiswork________inthemedicalcircles.(2010·遼遼寧)A．torecognizeB．．recognizingC．recognizeD．．recognized答案D4．分詞作作狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)分詞可可作時(shí)時(shí)間狀狀語(yǔ)、、原因因狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)、伴伴隨狀狀語(yǔ)、、結(jié)果果狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)等。?！纠?6】】Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock，，________suppliestoYushu，QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.(2010·福福建)A．sendingB．．tosendC．havingsentD．tohavesent答案A四、難難點(diǎn)速速通難點(diǎn)為了避免重復(fù)，like，love，try，want，hope，hate，wish，beglad/happy等后面必須有to，但to后面的動(dòng)詞常省略。但如果to后是be或have時(shí)不省?！纠?7】—Howaboutgoingonapicnicwithustomorrow?—________verymuch.A．I'llliketo B．I'dliketoC．I'dlike D．I'lllikeit答案B【例38】】——Didtheytellyouthefinaldecisionofthecommittee?—No，theydidn't，butIthinkIoughtto________.A．/B．．beC．．haveD．．havebeen答案D難點(diǎn)2：with復(fù)復(fù)合結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)“with＋＋賓語(yǔ)＋非非謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞”是一種種特殊殊的結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)，，可以以在句句中作作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)?！纠?9】】Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy，withadiningtablealready________foramealtobecooked.(2010·山山東)A．laidB．．layingC．tolayD．beinglaid答案A難點(diǎn)3：remember，，forget，regret后后接動(dòng)動(dòng)名詞詞和不不定式式的區(qū)區(qū)別后接動(dòng)動(dòng)名名詞詞表表示示先于謂謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞的的動(dòng)動(dòng)作作；；后后接接不不定定式式表表示示后于謂謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞的的動(dòng)動(dòng)作作。。【例例40】】—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh，，Iforgot________.A．．turningitoffB．．turnitoffC．．toturnitoffD．．havingturneditoff答案案C【例例41】】Haveyouforgotten________arulerfromMike?PleaA．borrowing；toreturn B．borrowing；returningC．toborrow；toreturn D．toborrow；returning答案A【例42】—Youshouldsaysorrytoyourbrother.—Yes，Iregret________withhim.A．quarrelling B．quarreledC．toquarrel D．havequarreled答案A難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)4：：當(dāng)它們后面所接的動(dòng)詞與句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式或不定式的被動(dòng)式?！纠?3】Ineed________therebybike，butsomethingiswrongwithmybike.Itneeds________.A．going；beingrepaired B．togo；repairingC．togo；torepair D．go；toberepaired答案B【例例44】】Hedeserves________.A．．promotedB．．promoteC．．tobepromotedD．．topromote答案C難點(diǎn)5：：在try，stop，mean，，goon，，can'thelp后，，用動(dòng)名名詞和不不定式所所表達(dá)的的含義不(1)trydoingsth.試著做某事；trytodosth.努力做某事(2)stopdoingsth.停止做某事；stoptodosth.停下來(lái)做某事(3)meandoingsth.意味著做某事；meantodosth.打算做某事(4)goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事(即：再做原來(lái)做著的那件事)；goontodosth.接著做另一件事(即：做與原來(lái)不同的一件事)(5)can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事；can'thelp(to)dosth.不能幫助做某事【例45】Try________atthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.A．knockB．tokno