【三維設(shè)計(jì)】高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題講座課件 北師大選修8

閱讀理解之詞義猜測題以例說法專題講座命題分析閱讀理解之詞義猜測題技法指導(dǎo)閱讀中有生詞是難免的，而利用文章所提供的語境去推測生詞的意義是閱讀的必備技能之一。詞義猜測題是高考必考的題型，一般占閱讀理解總題量的10%左右。所猜詞匯可以是生詞，也可以是熟詞新義，還可以是人稱代詞的指代內(nèi)容。常見的命題方式：Thephrase“...”couldbereplacedby________.Theword“...”intheparagraphrefersto________.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintheparagraph？/Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase“...”？Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“...”？詞義猜測題主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測詞義和語義的能力，突出考查對語境的分析和把握能力。常見的猜詞法有：(1)利用上下文語境。猜測任何詞義都離不開上下文，所

以要借助上下文對需要猜測的詞或短語進(jìn)行合乎邏輯

的推測。(2)利用定義或解釋性的線索。閱讀文章中的有些生詞往

往在其后會有對該詞進(jìn)行解釋說明的短語或句子，利

用它們猜詞義較容易。(3)利用文章的邏輯關(guān)系答題。如并列、對比、因果、轉(zhuǎn)

折關(guān)系等。這些邏輯關(guān)系往往通過一些相應(yīng)的詞或短

語表達(dá)出來，如but,or,however,so,because等。(4)利用構(gòu)詞法知識答題。熟記一些前綴、后綴所表達(dá)的

意思，不僅可以擴(kuò)大詞匯量，而且?guī)椭覀儾聹y詞義。(2011·浙江高考，A篇)OneeveninginFebruary2007,astudentnamedPaulaCeelybroughthercartoastoponaremoteroadinWales.Shegotouttoopenametalgatethatblockedherpath.That'swhensheheardthewhistlesoundedbythedriverofatrain.HerRenaultCliowasparkedacrossarailwayline.Secondslater,shewatchedthetraindraghercaralmostakilometredowntherailwaytracks.Ceely's

madethenewsbecausesheblameditonherGPSdevice(導(dǎo)航儀).Shehadneverdriventheroutebefore.Itwasdarkandrainingheavily.CeelywasrelyingonherGPS,butitmadenomentionofthecrossing.“Iputmycompletetrustinthedeviceanditledmerightintothepathofaspeedingtrain，”shetoldtheBBC.nearmissWhoistoblamehere?RickStevenson,whotellsCeely'sstoryinhisbookWhen

Machines

Fail

Us,pointsthefingeratthelimitationsoftechnology.Weputourfaithindigitaldevices,hesays,butourdigitalhelpersaretoooftennotuptothejob.Theyarefilledwithsmallproblems.Andit'snotjustGPSdevices:Stevensontakesusonatourofdigitaldisastersinvolvingeverythingfrommobilephonestowirelesskey-boards.Theproblemwithhisargumentinthebookisthatit'snotclearwhyheonlyfocusesondigitaltechnology,whiletheremaybeanumberofotherpossiblecauses.Amap-makermighthaveleftthecrossingoffapapermap.MaybeweshouldblameCeelyfornotpayingattention.Perhapstherailwayauthoritiesareatfaultforpoorsignallingsystem.OrmaybesomeonehasstudiedtherelativedangersandworkedoutthattherereallyissomethingspecificwrongwiththeGPSequipment.ButStevensondoesn'tsay.It'saproblemthatrunsthroughthebook.Inasectiononcars,Stevensongivesanaccountoftheadvancedtechniquesthatcriminalsusetodefeatcomputer--basedlockingsystemsforcars.Heofferstwoindependentsetsoffiguresoncartheft;bothshowasmallriseinsomepartsofthecountry.Hesaysthatonceagainnotallnewlockshaveprovedreliable.Perhaps,butmaybeit'salsoduetotheshortageofpolicemenonthestreets.Orchangingsocialcircumstances.Orsomecombinationofthesefactors.Thegamebetweenhumansandtheirsmartdevicesisamusingandcomplex.Itisshapedbyeconomicsandpsychologyandthecultureswelivein.Somewhereinthemixofthoseforcestheremaybeawayforawiseruseoftechnology.Ifthereissuchaway,itshouldinvolvemorethanjustanawarenessoftheshortcomingsofourmachines.Afterall,wehavelivedwiththemforthousandsofyears.Theyhaveprobablybeenfoolingusforjustaslong.語篇篇解解讀讀：：隨著著時(shí)時(shí)代代的的發(fā)發(fā)展展，，科科技技越越來來越越先先進(jìn)進(jìn)，，人人類類也也越越來來越越依依賴賴科科技技，，但但有有時(shí)時(shí)候候科科技技也也會會給給人人們們帶帶來來麻麻煩煩，，文文章章中中作作者者將將會會告告訴訴我我們們什什么么呢呢？？讓讓我我們們?nèi)トチ肆私饨庖灰幌孪掳砂桑。?1．WhatdidPaulaCeelythinkwasthecauseofheraccident？()A．Shewasnotfamiliarwiththeroad.B．Itwasdarkandrainingheavilythen.C．Therailwayworkersfailedtogivethesignal.D．HerGPSdevicedidn'ttellheraboutthecrossing.提示：推理判斷題。。利用要訣3跳讀查找法與與要訣5中的排除法相相結(jié)合。解析：從文章第二段段sheblameditonherGPSdevice;CeelywasrelyingonherGPS,butitmadenomentionofthecrossing.“I...train，”shetoldtheBBC.可以看出，Ceely怪罪的是這個(gè)個(gè)導(dǎo)航儀沒有有給她提示出出這個(gè)鐵路道道口的存在。。答案：D42．Thephrase““nearmiss”(Paragraph2)canbestbereplacedby________.A．closehitB．heavylossC．narrowescapeD．bigmistake提示：詞義猜測題。。利用要訣8中的上下文暗暗示法。解析：由上下文暗示示可知，nearmiss是對第一段撞撞車事故的概概括，相當(dāng)于于narrowescape，表示“幸免免于難”的意意思。答案：C43．WhichofthefollowingwouldRickStevensonmostprobablyagreewith？()A．Moderntechnologyiswhatwecan'tlivewithout.B．Digitaltechnologyoftenfallsshortofourexpectation.C．Digitaldevicesaremorereliablethantheyusedtobe.D．GPSerrorisnottheonlycauseforCeely'saccident.提示：：細(xì)節(jié)理理解題題。利利用要要訣5正選法法與排排除法法。解析：：從文章章第三三段可可以看看出，，RickStevenson表明““技術(shù)術(shù)是有有局限限性的的”，，數(shù)字字技術(shù)術(shù)不一一定能能滿足足人們們的所所有愿愿望。。答案：：B44．Inthewriter'sopinion,Stevenson'sargumentis________.A．one-sidedB．reasonableC．puzzlingD．well--based提示：：細(xì)節(jié)理理解題題。利利用要要訣7情感詞詞匯推推斷法法。答案：：A解析：：從第四四段““Theproblemwithhisargumentinthebookisthatit'snotclearwhyheonlyfocusesondigitaltechnology,whiletheremaybeanumberofotherpossiblecauses.”可以看看出，，作者者指出出RickStevenson的觀點(diǎn)點(diǎn)是片片面的的。45．Whatistherealconcernofthewriterofthisarticle？()A．Themajorcausesoftrafficaccidentsandcarthefts.B．Therelationshipbetweenhumansandtechnology.C．Theshortcomingsofdigitaldevicesweuse.D．Thehumanunawarenessoftechnicalproblems.提示：：主旨大大意題題。利利