大學(xué)英語1級(jí) 第6單元

SchoolofContinuingEducation大學(xué)英語第一冊(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程BySchoolofForeignLanguages2011Unit6SamAdams,IndustrialEngineer

EnterMenuPre-readingWhile-readingPost-readingBackgroundinformationVocabularyPhrasesTextExercises1.AmericaneducationalsystemIntheUnitedStates,educationistheresponsibilitiesofindividualstates,notofthefederalgovernment,sorequirementsmayvaryfromonestatetoanother.Thefollowingisageneralization:

kindergartenGrade05yearsoldElementaryschoolGrade1-66-11yearsoldJuniorhighormiddleschoolGrade7-812-13yearsold(senior)highschoolGrade9-1214-17yearsoldcollege(4yearsforaB.A.orB.S.degree)university(2-3yearsforanM.A.orM.S.;2-8yearsforaPh.D)2.Q&ADoyouconsideryourselfanefficientperson?Inwhatwaysareyouefficient?Inwhatwaysareyouinefficient?BACK“Efficiencyexpert”forthefamily(Para.1-4)Hissuggestionsofimprovementandhisreward“Consultant”inashirtfactory(Para.5-6)EstablishaqualitycontrolHisdiscoveries(Para.7-10)RedesigntheassemblylineNoqualitycontrolIrregularworkflowPoorworkingconditionQualitiesofindustrialengineerArrangethefamilythingsa.Decreasetheheightoftheworktableb.Providebackgroundmusicandsettingc.Havetwobreaksd.Excellentworkleadstopayincreaseandpromotions1.efficiencythestateorqualityofbeingefficient效率adj:efficientantonym:inefficiencye.g.Itwouldimproveourefficiencyifweusedmoreup-to-datemethods.2.industrialofindustry工業(yè)的n:industry/industrialistvt:industrializee.g.AlthoughEuropeannationsgenerallydowellinthesurvey,thecontinent’smajorindustrialpowersofFrance,GermanyandBritainfinish25th,26thand29threspectively.

BACKHOMENewwords3.neatorderlyandclean整潔的e.g.Hekeepshisdeskneat.他保持書桌整潔。4.elementaryoforforbeginners初級(jí)的n:elementsynonym:basic,primary,simple,introductorye.g.Thestudenttookacourseinelementarymath.

BACKHOMENewwords6.sock短襪e.g.Hewasfivefeetinhissocks.他不穿鞋身高為五英尺。7.drawer抽屜e.g.Iputitintheleft-handdrawer.我將它放在左手的抽屜內(nèi)。BACK

HOMENewwords8.bureau⑴.衣柜⑵.(政府部門的)局e.g.FBI:FederalBureauofInvestigation美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局9.underwear內(nèi)衣e.g.Shehadremovedherunderwear.她脫掉了內(nèi)衣。10.pantstrousers褲子e.g.Thisjacketwillmatchthosepantsnicely.這件夾克和那條褲子會(huì)十分相配。

BACKHOMENewwords11.expertapersonwithspecialknowledgeorskille.g.Sheisanexpertintraininganimals.她是馴獸專家。補(bǔ)充：

synonym:specialist,professionaln:expertise專業(yè)知識(shí)習(xí)慣用法:becomeexpertat(doing)sth.12.kitchenroomusedforcooking廚房BACKHOMENewwords13.utensilanytoolorcontainerusedinthehouse,esp.forcooking用具e.g.Thisstoresellscookingutensils.這商店出售炊具。14.qualitythedegreeofgoodnesswhichathingorapersonpossesses質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)e.g.Qualityoftenmattersmorethanquantity.質(zhì)量往往比數(shù)量更重要。補(bǔ)充：

synonym:character,property,meritNote:quantity數(shù)量e.g.Thequalityofservicehasimproved.

HOMENewwords15.foundation基礎(chǔ)Synonym:basis,ground,warrant習(xí)慣用法:laysolidfoundationfor…為……打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)e.g.Agricultureisthefoundationofthenationeconomy.16.careerprofession;wayofmakingaliving職業(yè)Synonym:occupation,profession,vocatione.g.ThroughoutUShistory,numerousforeign-bornpoliticiansandpolicyintellectualswithoverseasaccentshavehadbrilliantcareersinpublicservice.HOMENewwords17.engineering工程學(xué)e.g.geneticengineering

生物遺傳工程(學(xué))

civilengineering

土木工程(學(xué))18.unfortunately不幸的是e.g.Iwasunfortunatelydelayed.

我不幸被耽擱了。

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HOMENewwords19.bossyalwaystellingotherpeoplewhattodoandhowtodoit,likeaboss愛指揮人的Synonym:dictatoriale.g.A“Massachusettsliberal”istheveryworstofabossy,free-spending,jectapieceofwork;abigplan項(xiàng)目Synonym:blueprint,plan,programe.g.Theprojectisalreadyunderwaybutdeveloperssayitwilltakeuntil2020tofinish.BACK

HOMENewwords21.bachelor學(xué)士;單身漢學(xué)士:Bachelor碩士:Master博士:Doctor22.graduation

completionofaneducationalcourse畢業(yè)e.g.Hehopetogetagoodjobaftergraduation.他希望畢業(yè)后能得到份好工作。BACK21

BACK22HOMENewwords23.graduate

graduatefrom/at…畢業(yè)于…e.g.ShegraduatedfromHarvard.她畢業(yè)于哈佛大學(xué)。24.short-terminvolvingorlastingashortperiodoftime短期的基礎(chǔ)25.basis基礎(chǔ),根據(jù)synonym:base;ground;foundationpl:basesonthebasisof…e.g.Thereisnoscientificbasisfortheseclaims.BACKHOMENewwords26.consultantapersonwhogivesprofessionalortechnicaladvice顧問e.g.Therearetwoconsultantstothegovernoronenvironmentalprotection.

州長有兩個(gè)環(huán)保問題顧問。27.consult⑴.請(qǐng)教:consultsb.⑵.商量,商議:consultwithsb.e.g.I‘lldonothingwithoutconsultingyou.

我采取行動(dòng)之前一定和你商量。補(bǔ)充：Synonym:ask,discussn.consultant顧問

BACKHOMENewwords28.amazefillwithgreatsurpriseorwonder使大為驚訝e.g.Iwasamazedathisconduct.我對(duì)他的行為感到驚訝。補(bǔ)充：Synonym:surprise,shock,startle,astonish⑴itamazesb.tohear/see…

聽到/看到…大吃一驚⑵toone’samazement讓人吃驚的是…

BACKHOMENewwords29.curiousstrange奇怪的;好奇的e.g.Theboywascuriousabouteverythinghesaw.

那男孩對(duì)所見的一切都感到好奇。

補(bǔ)充：Synonym:(奇怪的)odd,peculiar,strange,queerbecuriousabout好奇,想打聽30.whatsoeverofanykind,atall任何的BACKHOMENewwords31.inspectexamine檢查e.g.Theyinspectedtheroofforleaks.他們檢查了屋頂看看是否有漏隙。32.shipmenttheactofsending,carryingordeliveringgoods裝運(yùn)e.g.Theblockadepreventedshipmentsofforeignfoodfromreachingourshores.

封鎖使國外食品不能運(yùn)抵我們的海岸。

BACKHOMENewwordsg33.miss未擊中;錯(cuò)過;逃脫;發(fā)現(xiàn)丟失;想念;遺漏;省掉⑴miss不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式,可跟動(dòng)名詞.如:未被逮住:missbeingcaught(right)misstobecaught(wrong)⑵發(fā)現(xiàn)鋼筆丟失:Imissedmypen.(right)Ifoundmypenmissing.(right)Ifoundmypenmissed.(wrong)

BACKHOMENewwords34.button紐扣，按鈕e.g.

Ipushedthebuttontoturnonthelight.我按電鈕把燈打開35.collar領(lǐng)子e.g.Iseizedhimbythecollar.我一把抓住他的衣領(lǐng)。36.sleeve袖子e.g.Herolleduphissleevesandgotdowntowork.

他卷起袖子開始工作。

BACKHOMENewwords37.relievemakelessoreasier減輕e.g.Takebreaksthroughouttheday.Itwillhelpclearyourmindandrelievepressure.補(bǔ)充：relievesb.of…幫助某人拿(提,做等)…;

使某人免于…BACKHOMENewwords38.boringuninterestingandtiresome令人厭煩的e.g.Itwasboringtosittherewithoutanythingtodo.

無所事事地坐在那里太無聊了補(bǔ)充：Synonym:dull,uninteresting,tiresome,flat39.boremakesb.feeltiredbybeingdullortedious使厭煩e.g.Thisbookboresme.這本書令我生厭。補(bǔ)充：synonym:annoy,bother,tireBACKHOMENewwords40.workroomaroomspeciallykeptforworkingin工場(chǎng)41.dull⑴notbrightorclear陰暗的

synonym:dark,dim⑵lackinginterestorexcitement無聊⑶stupid,unintelligent,dimwitted傻的e.g.Isleptthroughherdullspeech.BACKHOMENewwords42.flow

n.asmoothsteadymovementorsupply流e.g.workflow工作流程vi.⑴流動(dòng);⑵垂,飄拂補(bǔ)充：比喻意義:(國家)富有e.g.OurmotherlandflowswithnaturalresourcesBACKHOMENewwords43.workflow工作流程44.irregularuneven;notcontinuous不規(guī)則的e.g.Theseproceduresarehighlyirregular.

這些程序是很不合乎規(guī)則的。45.regular規(guī)則的e.g.Everythingseemedquiteregularwhenthefirebrokeout.

起火的當(dāng)時(shí),一切似乎都很正常。

BACKHOMENewwords46.

absent-mindedsoconcernedwithone’sthoughtsasnottonoticewhatishappening,whatoneisdoing,etc.心不在焉的e.g.Theabsent-mindedboyisalwayslosinghisbooks.這個(gè)心不在焉的男孩老是丟書。47.absentnotpresent缺席補(bǔ)充：beabsentfrom…

未出席,缺席absent-minded

心不在焉的anabsentlook

漫不經(jīng)心的表情BACKHOMENewwords48.inspectiontheactofexamining(sth.)closelyorindetail檢查e.g.Elevatorsmustundergoanannualsafetyinspection.

電梯必須每年作一次安全檢查。49.assembly組裝;集會(huì)e.g.GeneralAssembly聯(lián)合國大會(huì)

Assemblyline裝配線BACKHOMENewwords50.assemble組裝e.g.Hewasbusyassemblingthebike.他忙著裝配自行車。51.assemblyline裝配線52.shiftn.班,輪班e.g.dayshift白班v.⑴.搬動(dòng),移動(dòng)

synonym:move,transfer

⑵.改變

synonym:change,transform,alternate,alterBACKHOMENewwords53.daydreamhavepleasantdreamlikethoughts做白日夢(mèng)e.g.Shedaydreamedaboutacarefreeholidayabroad.

她幻想到國外過一個(gè)無憂無慮的假期。54.firevt.make(sb.)leavehisjob同:dismissfiresb.解雇某人vi.toshootoffbullets同:shootfireatsb.朝某人開火n.makeafire生火playwiththefire玩火

catchfire著火(動(dòng)作)burnonfire著火(狀態(tài))setfireto放火燒,點(diǎn)燃BACKHOMENewwords55.observationtheactofwatchingcarefully⑴觀察,觀測(cè);⑵觀察結(jié)果;⑶觀測(cè)后發(fā)表的言論,觀點(diǎn)e.g.1.Heisamanoflittleobservation.

他是個(gè)觀察力極差的人。e.g.2.Ihaveafewobservationstomakeonyourconduct.

我對(duì)你的行為有一些看法要說。e.g.3.Hewillpublishhisobservationsonthesociallifeoftheseprimitivetribes.

他將公布他對(duì)那些原始部落的社會(huì)生活觀察所得的資料。BACKHOMENewwords56.observe⑴觀察,注意(同:watch,notice)observesb.do…看到某人做…⑵遵守,奉行(同:obey,abideby,follow)⑶發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)/學(xué)說(同:remark,comment)observe(tosb.)that…對(duì)某人說…57.observer觀察員e.g.TheUnitedNationssentateamofobserverstothepeacetalks.

聯(lián)合國派出了一組觀察員出席和平談判。HOMENewwords58.oralspoken,notwritten口頭的e.g.Anoralagreementisnotenough;wemusthaveawrittenpromise.

只有口頭協(xié)議是不夠的;我們必須有一個(gè)書面承諾。59.findingstheresultsofanyresearchorenquiry調(diào)查結(jié)果e.g.Whentheexperimentiscomplete,includeyourfindingsinareport.

試驗(yàn)完成后,請(qǐng)把結(jié)果寫入報(bào)告。

BACKHOMENewwords60.majoradj.主要的;較大的synonym:chief,primary,importantn.主修課程;專修…的學(xué)生e.g.Heisamathematicsmajor.他是主修數(shù)學(xué)的學(xué)生。vi.主修,專攻(majorin…)e.g.Alicemajorsineconomics.艾麗絲主修經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。

BACKHOMENewwords61.redesign重新設(shè)計(jì)62.designvt.⑴設(shè)計(jì);⑵計(jì)劃,謀劃

designtodo(doing)sth.打算做某事n.⑴設(shè)計(jì),構(gòu)思;⑵圖案,圖樣;⑶企圖,圖謀e.g.Thegreedymanhaddesignsonherfortune.

那個(gè)貪婪的人企圖得到她的財(cái)產(chǎn)。BACKHOMENewwords63.achievegetbyeffort實(shí)現(xiàn)n.achievement:n.成績(jī);得到e.g.Hewentbackhomewithouthavingachievedanysuccess.64.decreasemakesmallerorfewer減少e.g.Thesemeasureswillhelpdecreasethecostofproduction.

這些措施有助于降低生產(chǎn)成本。補(bǔ)充：synonym:reduce,decline,diminishantonym:increasedecreaseto減少到…decreaseby減少了…BACKHOMENewwords65.worktableatableatwhichworkisdone工作臺(tái)66.operatorapersonwhomakessth.Work操作人員;(電話)總機(jī),話務(wù)員;(外科)手術(shù)師e.g.Hedialedtheoperator.他撥通了接線員。

67.operatevt:操作,操縱

synonym:run,managevi:(1).活動(dòng),運(yùn)動(dòng);

(2).動(dòng)手術(shù)(operateon…給…動(dòng)手術(shù))BACKHOMENewwords68.management管理部門e.g.Themanagementis/arehavingtalkswiththeworkers.

資方正在與工人談話。

69.background背景e.g.Hetookapictureofmewiththepavilioninthebackground.

他以那個(gè)亭子為背景給我照了一張相片。

BACKHOMENewwords70.beautifymakebeautiful美化e.g.aprogramtobeautifythenation‘shighways

美化國內(nèi)公路的規(guī)劃71.settingsurroundings環(huán)境e.g.anidealsettingforcamping適宜野營的理想環(huán)境

BACKHOMENductiveproducingmuch多產(chǎn)的,富有成效的,生產(chǎn)性的e.g.Isricethemostproductivefood-bearingplant?

稻子是不是產(chǎn)糧最多的植物?補(bǔ)充：Synonym:fertile,effective,fruitful,plentiful,profitable73.frequentadj.happeningoften經(jīng)常的Synonym:common,habitualvt:常到,常去,時(shí)常出入于…e.g.frequentthelibrary經(jīng)常去圖書館BACKHOMENmotion提升，促進(jìn)e.g.They‘replanningabigpromotionfortheirnewwashingpowder.

他們正籌劃舉辦一次新型洗衣粉的大促銷行動(dòng)。75.promote提升,提拔,促進(jìn),(商品等)宣傳,促銷Synonym:further,push,elevate,upgrade,advertisee.g.Thecompanypromotedtherockgroup’snewrecordbyplayingitoftenontheradio.BACKHOMENewwords76.incentiven.刺激,鼓勵(lì)e.g.Thechildhasnoincentivetostudyharderbecausehisparentscannotaffordtosendhimtocollege.

這孩子沒有努力學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)力,因?yàn)樗改腹┎黄鹚洗髮W(xué)。補(bǔ)充：synonym:encouragement,enticement,impetus,stimulusadj.刺激的,鼓勵(lì)的e.g.incentivepayments

獎(jiǎng)金

BACKHOMENewwordssuggestionanideaorplanputforwardforpeopletothinkabout提議e.g.Iorderedasteakathissuggestion.我根據(jù)他的建議點(diǎn)了一份牛排。78.co-ownerajointowner共同所有者

BACKHOMENewwords79.managerapersonresponsibleforrunningasectionofabusiness經(jīng)理e.g.Heisastoremanager.他是一位商店的經(jīng)理。80.complimentsformalrespectsorgreetings賀詞；問候e.g.Mycomplimentstoyourfather!向你父親代為致意!

BACKHOMENewwords1.findoutlearnordiscover查明;發(fā)現(xiàn)(尤指壞事)eg1:MarywasangrywhenJanefoundouthersecrets.eg2:Youmaygetawaywithdishonestyforawhile,butyou’llbefoundoutsoonerorlater.2.turnouthappentobeorfoundtobeintheend結(jié)果是eg1:Theexaminationturnedour(tobe)easy.eg2:ItturnedoutthathewasGeorge’sfather.BACKHOMEPhrasesandexpressions3.qualitycontroltheactivityofcheckingthatproductsareallofsatisfactorystandardandquality,usu.bytestingsamplesofthem質(zhì)量控制4.asaresultbecauseof作為結(jié)果,因此eg1:Tomdidn’tstudyhard,asaresult,hefailedtopassthedifficulttest.eg2:Heslippedandbrokehisleg.Asaresult,hewillhavetobeawayfromschoolfortwoorthreemonths.BACKHOMEPhrasesandexpressions5.exceptforapartfrom除了…外

eg1:Yourpictureisgoodexceptforsomeofthecolors.eg2:Theroomwasbareoffurnitureexceptforafewchairs.6.goonstrike罷工eg1:Yourparcelwasdelayedbecausethepostworkerswentonstrike.eg2:Somestudentswantedtocallontheworkerstogoonstrike.BACKHOMEPhrasesandexpressions7.holdup延遲,耽擱;阻礙eg1:Workonthebuildingsitehasbeenheldupbythebadweather.eg2:Thesteelstrikemayholduptheproductionofcarsforseveralmonths.8.resultin結(jié)果是;導(dǎo)致eg1:Theaccidentresultedinthreedeaths.eg2:Hefeltthattheextrememiseryoftheworkingpeoplewouldresultinrevolution.Resultfrom:起因于,由…所導(dǎo)致eg3:ProfessorSmith’slungcancerresultedfromexcessivesmoking.BACKHOMEPhrasesandexpressions9.talkover商量;討論eg1:Iwouldliketotalkoverthisproblemwithyou.eg2:Leadersofthetwocountrieshavetalkedthesituationover.10.keepupwith跟上e.g.Theycouldnotkeepupwithuswhenweclimbedthemountain.BACKHOMEPhrasesandexpressions1.SamAdams 薩姆·亞當(dāng)斯2.Indiana 印第安納（美國州名）3.Hobbs 霍布斯（姓氏）HOME

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HOMEWhilereadingactivity:TextTextChineseVersionUnitSixTEXT

Samsetouttoimproveefficiencyattheshirtfactorybut,aswefindoutlaterinthisunit,hisplansturnedoutnotquiteashehadexpected.SamAdams,IndustrialEngineer

IfyouaskmymotherhowIhappenedtobecomeanindustrialengineer,she'lltellyouthatIhavealwaysbeenone.

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ShemeansthatIhavealwayswantedeverythingtobewellorganizedandneat.WhenIwasstillinelementaryschool,Ilikedtokeepmysocksintheupperleft-handdrawerofmybureau,myunderwearintheupperrightdrawer,shirtsinthemiddledrawer,andpants,neatlyfolded,inthebottomdrawer.

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Infact,Iwastheefficiencyexpertforthewholefamily.Iusedtoorganizemyfather'stools,mymother'skitchen

utensils,mysister'sboyfriends.

Ineededtobeefficient.Iwantedtobewellorganized.Forme,therewasaplaceforeverythingandeverythingwasalwaysinitsplace.Thesequalitiesgavemeagoodfoundationforacareerinindustrialengineering.

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Unfortunately,IwasalsoabitbossyandIwasn'taverygoodlistener.You'llseewhatImeanwhenItellyouaboutthefirstprojectIeverdidafterIfinishedmybachelor'sdegreeattheuniversity.

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AftergraduationIreturnedhometomysmalltowninIndiana.Ididn'thaveajobyet.Mr.Hobbs,afriendofmyfather's,ownedasmallshirtfactoryintown.Withinthepastfiveyearsithadgrownfromtwentytoeightyworkers.Mr.Hobbswasworriedthathisplantwasgettingtoobigandinefficient,soheaskedmetocomeinonashort-term

basisasaconsultant.

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Iwenttotheplantandspentaboutaweeklookingaroundandmakingnotes.IwasreallyamazedatwhatIsaw.

Mostcuriousofall,therewasnoqualitycontrolwhatsoever.Nooneinspectedthefinalproductofthefactory.Asaresultsomeoftheshirtsthatwereputinboxesforshipmentweremissingoneortwobuttons,thecollar,evenasleevesometimes!

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HOMEtextTheworkingconditionswerepoor.Thetableswheretheworkerssatwereveryhighanduncomfortable.Exceptforahalfhouratlunchtime,therewerenobreaksinthedaytorelievetheboringwork.Therewasnomusic.Thewallsoftheworkroomswereadullgraycolor.Iwasamazedthattheworkershadn'tgoneonstrike.

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Furthermore,theworkflowwasirregular.Therewasoneespeciallyabsent-mindedyoungmanintheassemblylinewhosewedonbuttons.AfterawhileIrecognizedhimas"BigJim,"whousedtositbehindmeinmathclassinhighschool.Hewasveryslowandalltheshiftswereheldupathisposition.Workersbeyondhiminlineonhisshifthadtowaitwithnothingtodo;therefore,agreatdealoftimeandefficiencywerelostasBigJimdaydreamedwhileheworked.AllweekIwonderedwhyhewasn'tfired.

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AfterImadeobservationsforaweek,Mr.Hobbsaskedmeforanoralreportofmyfindings.Icoveredmymajorpointsbytellinghimthefollowing:

"Ifyouhaveaqualitycontrolinspection,youwillgreatlyimproveyourfinishedproduct."

"Iftheassemblylineisredesigned,asmoothworkflowcanbeachievedandtimeandenergycanbesaved."

"Ifyoudecreasetheheightoftheworktables,themachineoperatorswillworkmorecomfortably."

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"Ifthemanagementprovidespleasantbackgroundmusicandbeautifiesthedullsetting,thefactorywillbemuchmoreproductive."

"Iftheworkershaveafifteen-minutecoffeebreakinthemorningandafternoon,theywillbemoreefficient."

"Ifexcellentworkresultsinfrequentpayincreasesorpromotions,theworkerswillhavegreaterincentivetoproduce."

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Mr.Hobbsthankedmeforthisreportandtoldmehewouldtalkovermysuggestionswithhisbrother,theco-ownerandmanagerofthefactory."We'reinterestedinprogresshere,"hesaid."Wewanttokeepupwiththetimes."

Healsogavemeacheckfor$100andaboxofshirtswithhiscompliments.BACK

HOMEtext第六單元薩姆開始首手提高襯衫廠的效率，但根據(jù)我們?cè)诒締卧兴l(fā)現(xiàn)的，他的計(jì)劃與他所期待的并不一樣

工業(yè)管理工程師薩姆.亞當(dāng)斯如果你問我母親，我怎么偏偏會(huì)成為一名工業(yè)管理工程師的，她就會(huì)告訴你，我一直就是這樣一個(gè)人。

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HOMEChineseVersion她的意思是說，我一貫希望把樣樣?xùn)|西都安排得井井有條，整整齊齊。還在上小學(xué)時(shí)，我就喜歡把襪子放在衣柜上方的抽屜里，內(nèi)衣放在右上方的抽屜里，襯衫放在當(dāng)中的抽屜里，折得齊齊整整的褲子放在最下面的抽屜里。

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事實(shí)上，我那時(shí)一直是全家人的效率專家。父親的工具、母親的廚房用具以及姐姐的男朋友全由我統(tǒng)一安排。我需要講究效率。我希望有條不紊。對(duì)我來說，樣樣?xùn)|西都有個(gè)固定的地方，樣樣?xùn)|西總是放在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤?。這些素質(zhì)為我日后從事工業(yè)管理打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。

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遺憾的是，我這個(gè)人也有一點(diǎn)專橫，不太善于聽取別人的意見。等我把在大學(xué)取得學(xué)士學(xué)位后承辦第一項(xiàng)工程的情況告訴你以后，你就會(huì)明白我這話是什么意思了。

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畢業(yè)后我回到家鄉(xiāng)——印第安納州的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上。當(dāng)時(shí)我還沒有找到工作。我父親的一位朋友霍布斯先生在鎮(zhèn)上有一家小型襯衫廠。在過去五年里，廠里的工人從20名增加到了80名。霍布斯先生擔(dān)心他的工廠規(guī)模變得太大了，效率變得太低了，便請(qǐng)我進(jìn)廠當(dāng)了個(gè)短期顧問。

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我來到廠里，花了一個(gè)星期左右的時(shí)間一邊到處查看，一邊做些筆記。說真的，我對(duì)看到的情況不勝驚訝。最為奇怪的是，廠里竟然沒有任何質(zhì)量控制。沒有人檢驗(yàn)工廠生產(chǎn)的成品。結(jié)果，有些裝箱待運(yùn)的襯衫不是缺了一兩粒鈕扣，就是少了衣領(lǐng)，有時(shí)甚至還會(huì)短只袖子。

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HOMEChineseVersion工廠的生產(chǎn)條件很差。工作臺(tái)很高，工人坐在旁邊不很舒服。除了吃中午飯的半小時(shí)外，全天沒有別的休息時(shí)間來調(diào)劑一下令人厭倦的工作。廠里也不播放音樂。工場(chǎng)間的墻壁全是一片暗灰鈀。使我感到驚奇的是，工人們竟然沒有罷工。

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HOMEChineseVersion此外，廠里的生產(chǎn)流程也時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)。在裝配線上有個(gè)縫鈕扣的年輕人特別心不在焉。沒有多久，我便認(rèn)出了他，原來他就是在中學(xué)上數(shù)學(xué)課時(shí)坐在我后面的“大個(gè)子吉姆”。他動(dòng)作很慢，所有的襯衫到了他這兒都耽擱下來。裝配線上他后面的同班工人只好等在那兒無事可干；因此，在“大個(gè)子吉姆”一邊工作一邊胡思亂想的時(shí)候，大量時(shí)間便白白流逝了，勞動(dòng)效率大受損失。整個(gè)禮拜我都在納悶，為什么他沒有被解雇。

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HOMEChineseVersion我觀察了一個(gè)星期后，霍布斯先生便要我就調(diào)查結(jié)果作一個(gè)口頭匯報(bào)。我把要點(diǎn)概括了一下向他匯報(bào)如下：“如果實(shí)行質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)，你們就會(huì)大大改進(jìn)成品。”

“如果把裝配線重新設(shè)計(jì)一下，生產(chǎn)流程就會(huì)達(dá)到平穩(wěn)，并能節(jié)省時(shí)間和精力?！?/p>

“如果降低工作臺(tái)的高度，機(jī)器操作工作業(yè)時(shí)就會(huì)舒服一些?！?/p>

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HOMEChineseVersion“如果廠方播放悅耳的背景音樂，美化一下單調(diào)的環(huán)境，工廠的生產(chǎn)率就可以大大提高?！薄叭绻と藗?cè)谏希挛绺饔幸淮?5分鐘的休息時(shí)間喝咖啡，他們的效率就會(huì)更高?！薄叭绻ぷ鞒錾芙?jīng)常得到加薪提級(jí)，工人們就會(huì)在更大的生產(chǎn)積極性?！?/p>

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HOMEChineseVersion霍布斯先生對(duì)我的匯報(bào)表示感謝，并告訴我說他將和他的兄弟——該廠的另一位廠主兼經(jīng)理——討論我的建議?！拔覀冴P(guān)心工廠的發(fā)展，”他說?！拔覀円蠒r(shí)代的步伐。”他還送給我一張一百美元的支票并贈(zèng)送給我一盒襯衫。

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HOMEVocabularyEx.4CompletionEx.6ExercisesClozeEx.13TranslationEx.14WordbuildingEx.7,8FillinblanksEx.5StructureEx.9-12Findinthetextthewordsorexpressionswhichfitthefollowingdescriptions:Personwithspecialskillorknowledge expertFillwithwonder amazeTheinspectionofmanufacturedproducts qualitycontrolLessen(pain,worry,etc.) relieveAlineofworkersandmachinesalongWhichworkispasseduntilthefinishedproductIsmade assemblyline6.Dismiss(sb.)fromajob fire7.Greaterinimportance major8.Causetobecomelessinsize,number,etc. decrease9.Thepeoplewhoareinchargeofabusiness management10.Abletoproducemuch productive

HOME4.Exercises—VocabularyBACK

HOME5.Exercises—FillingBACKmissdullrelievewhatsoeverKeepupwithdecreaseachieveResultinbackgroundAsaresultfrequentHoldup1.Itistruethattheseherbscanbeusedto_____pain.relieve2.Theyaremakingfurthereffortsto_____thecostofproduction.decreaseInplaceboringOna…basis

HOME5.Exercises—FillingBACKmissdullrelievewhatsoeverKeepupwithdecreaseachieveResultinbackgroundAsaresultfrequentHoldup3.Mybrothertoldmethathehadmetwithnodifficulty____inLearningEnglishgrammar.whatsoever4.Byconsistenthardworkwecan_____themajoreconomicobjectivesoftheeighthfive-yearplan.achievedInplaceboringOna…basis

HOME5.Exercises—FillingBACKmissdullrelievewhatsoeverKeepupwithdecreaseachieveResultinbackgroundAsaresultfrequentHoldup5.Thedaywas____,withacloudysky.dull6.Sambelievesthatinafactorybeautificationofthedullsetting______greaterproductivity.ResultinInplaceboringOna…basis

HOME5.Exercises—FillingBACKmissdullrelievewhatsoeverKeepupwithdecreaseachieveResultinbackgroundAsaresultfrequentHoldup7.Agoodphotographerpaysasmuchattentiontothe___ofaPictureashedoestothesubject.background8.Newmachineswereintroducedintothefactory._____,notonlyweretimeandenergysavedbutproductionwasgreatlyincreased.AsaresultInplaceboringOna…basis

HOME5.Exercises—FillingBACKmissdullrelievewhatsoeverKeepupwithdecreaseachieveResultinbackgroundAsaresultfrequentHoldup9.The___useofdrugsisaseriousproblemamongsomeAmericanYoungpeople.frequent10.Asingleworkercan____anentireassemblylineifhefailsto____theworkflow.KeepupwithInplaceboringOna…basis

HOME5.Exercises—FillingBACKmissdullrelievewhatsoeverKeepupwithdecreaseachieveResultinbackgroundAsaresultfrequentHoldup11.Theyoungworkerhasformedthehabitofhavingeverytool_____.Inplace12.ProfessorSmithhascometoourdepartmenttogivelectures____shortterm____.Ona….basisInplaceboringOna…basis

HOME5.Exercises—FillingBACKmissdullrelievewhatsoeverKeepupwithdecreaseachieveResultinbackgroundAsaresultfrequentHoldup13.Thelecturewasso____thatIcouldn’thelpyawning.boring14.Thisbookis______4pages.missingInplaceboringOna…basisExample:ThesightoftheGoldenGateBridgeinSanFranciscoisoftenagreatsurprisetovisitors.VisitorstoSanFrancisco………………(amaze)VisitorstoSanFranciscoareoftenamazeatthesightoftheGoldenGateBridge.

HOMEBACK6.Exercises—completionCompletethefollowingsentence,usingthewordsgiveninbrackets.

HOMEBACK6.Exercises—completion1.Anygoodrelationshipbetweennationsisbasedonmutualtrustandrespect.2.Fewmotherswouldbesurprisedtofindboys’bedroomsuntidy.Formanyboys,itseemsalmostimpossibletokeeptheirbedroomsneat.(neat)Mutualtrustandrespectarethebasisforanygoodrelationshipbetweennations.(basis)

HOME6.Exercises—completion3.Athickfogovertheairportkeptourplanefromtakingoffonschedule.Thetake-offofourplanewasheldupbythickfogovertheairport.(holdup)

4.Initshistorythecityhasbeenhitbytwoearthquakesthatcausedgreatdamage,onein1906andtheotherin1989.

Thecityhasexperiencedtwomajorearthquakesinitshistory,onein1906andtheotherin1989.(major)

HOMEBACK6.Exercises—completion5.Theprofessorwasanoutstandingscientist,yetinhispersonallifehewasoftenforgetful.Thoughanoutstandingscientist,theprofessorwasoftenabsent-mindedinhispersonallife.(absent-minded)6.Anemployeecanhardlyexpecttokeephisjobifhefailstoreporttoworkontime.Failuretoreporttoworkontimewilloftenresultinanemployee’sbeingfired.(fire)7.Theprefixesun-,in-,im-,il-,andir-canbeusedbeforeadj.stomakethemnegativeinmeaning,forexample:Un+comfortable→Uncomfortable :notcomfortableIn+efficient→inefficient :notefficientIr+responsible→irresponsible :notresponsibleNowcompletethefollowingtable:HOMEBACK7,8.Exercises—wordbuildingHOMEBACK7,8.Exercises—wordbuildingadj.adj.negativeinmeaningadj.adj.negativeinmeaningableunableproperimproperpossibleimpossibleawareunawarefortunateunfortunateliterateilliteratenecessaryunnecessaryfrequentinfrequentPatientimpatientadequateinadequatesealedunsealedfinishedunfinishedFairunfairlikelyunlikelyregularirregulardirectin