北京市海淀區(qū)2023-2024學年高三上學期期末考試 英語 含答案

北京市海淀區(qū)2023-2024學年第一學期期末練習高三英語2024.01本試卷共10頁,100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦毡貙⒋鸢复鹪诖痤}紙上,在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié),30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。Backin2008,IwasteachingConceptsofFitnessinahighschool.Attheendofoneclass,IchattedwithDavidGale,aseniorhighjumper,abouthowtoimprovehis1andhowmotivationplayedanimportantroleinone'sachievement.He,outoftheblue,askedmewhatwouldhappenifhebroketheschoolrecord.Not2ofhispassionanddetermination,Ipausedforamoment,butthenpromisedthatIwouldpainthisnameonthewallofourclassroom.HewasveryexcitedandsuggestedthatIgopurchasethepaint.Nothingmorewasmentionedaboutthe3untiltwoweekslater,theyoungwarriorranintotheclassroomwithahugesmileonhisface."Ididit!Ibroketherecord!"heshoutedasIwasstillgatheringinformationto4whatIhadpromisedhim.Ijoinedinwiththehigh-fivesandfistbumps5him.Thenextday,itwasdone!G-A-L-E.Hugeblueletterswithwhiteedges,theschoolcolors.Icouldseehisexcitementevensurpassedthesuccessitself.Actually,hiscoachsaidthewallwaspartofthe6tobreaktherecord.Whathappenednextwastotallyamazing.Manystudents,evenfromotherclasses,sawthenameonthewalland7howthey,too,couldbeconsideredforthewall.Withtheenormous8,Ihadtoaddmorenamestothewall,andmorethan100namesappearedthereinthefollowing10years.Manyfolksadmittedtheywouldnothave9whattheydidifthewallhadn'tbeenpartofthereward.Moreimportantly,allthosewhosteppedfarbeyondtheircomfortzonehelpedsetthe10higher.1. A.health B.performance C.talent D.knowledge2. A.proud B.afraid C.certain D.fond3. A.promise B.record C.suggestion D.news4. A.describe B.recall C.explain D.picture5. A.encouraging B.admiring C.congratulating D.greeting6. A.excitement B.confidence C.creativity D.motivation7. A.inquired B.expected C.insisted D.doubted8. A.effort B.experience C.stress D.response9. A.adjusted B.achieved C.examined D.displayed10. A.pace B.stage C.bar D.tone第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題紙指定區(qū)域作答。AWhenMarkwasdrivingtothemartialartsgymwherehetrainsandvolunteers,hesaw11lookedlikeapolicepursuit.SoonMarkrealizedtheofficerdidnothavecontrolofthesituation.Jumpingoutofhiscar,Markidentifiedhimselfandspelledouthisintention12（make）ittwo-on-oneintheofficer'sfavor.Then,withtheofficer13（struggle）tocontroltheman'supperbody,Markputhisweightontheman'slegs.Butthesuspectmanagedtorolltohisright,ontohisstomach.Markimmediately14（apply）amartialmovetocontrolhisshoulderandupperbody.Afewsecondslater,thesuspectgaveout.Theofficersecuredahandcuffandthethreatwasover.BGlassrecyclinghasbecomesuchabigindustrythattheamountofglass15（recycle）isnotmeetingthedemandfornewglasstobeproduced.SomestatesinU.S.haveattemptedtoresolvethissituationinhopesofencouragingthe16（produce）ofglassoverplasticbyofferingmonetaryincentives（獎勵）forglass.Forexample,Californiahasaspecialprogram17youcanearnfivecentsformostglassbottlesaswellasplasticonesandaluminumcanslessthan24ounces.Foritemsover24ounces,youcanearn10centseach.CIntheStates,tourismisclearlynotanenvironmentally"clean"industry.Peopledonotjustshowup,spend18（they）moneyandleave.Instead,theyshowup,andiftheyhavemoremoneythanthelocalsdo,theymoveinandtellafriend.Somorepeopleareattracted19thisplaceandmorehomesarebuiltforthem.Butthesehomesareoftenpricingoutthelocals.Thehospitalityindustrydoescreatejobs,butmanyofthesejobsdon'tpayalot.Thetaxesthatcomefromtourism20（use）tofixtheproblemsthattourismcausesinthefirstplace.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分,共28分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。ADearColleague,IamwritingwithinformationaboutBACUniversitySummerTerm'sfourexcitingprogramsforhighschoolstudents.Theseprogramsprovidetheopportunitytostudyataworld-renowneduniversity,strengthenEnglish-languageskillsandenjoysummerinBoston.Hereisabriefoverviewofourprograms:HighSchoolHonorsisasix-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstakeBACUniversityundergraduatecoursesandearnupto8transferablecollegecredits.StudentsmustbeenteringGrades10-12infall2024.AcademicImmersion（AIM）isathree-weeknon-creditresidentialprogramforstudentstofocusintensivelyonasingleacademictopic.ThissummerweareofferingthreeAIMtracks:IntroductiontoExperimentalPsychology,IntroductiontoMedicine,andCreativeWriting.Allthreetrackscombineclassroomworkwithhands-onexperientiallearningactivities.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade11orGrade12infall2024.SummerChallengeisatwo-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstaketwonon-creditseminarsoftheirchoiceandexperiencecollegelife.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade12infall2024.SummerPreviewisaone-weeknon-creditresidentialprograminwhichstudentsexploreonesubjectofinterestwhilepreviewingthecollegeexperience.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade9orGrade10infall2024.OurSummerTerm'sprogramsprovidestudentswithrigorousandcollaborativecollegelifeexperiencesthatenablethemtogainastrongsenseoftheirpersonalandacademicpotential.Everyyear,ourstudentsformstrongfriendshipsastheyundertakechallengingcourseworkandparticipateinsocialevents.Ihaveenclosedaposterandaprogrambrochure.Ihopeyouwillsharethisinformationwithyourstudents.Pleasefeelfreetocontactusviaemailatsummerhs@ifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutourprograms.Warmly,AmandaNelsonAssociateDirectorBACUniversitySummerTerm21.AGrade11studentinfall2024whoprefersonlineprogramscouldchoose______.A.HighSchoolHonors B.AcademicImmersionC.SummerChallenge D.SummerPreview22.Accordingtothepassage,studentscan_______.A.getatleast8transferablecreditsinHighSchoolHonorsB.gainbothknowledgeandpracticalexperienceinAIMC.earncreditsfromthecoursesinSummerChallengeD.engageinin-depthresearchinSummerPreview23.What'sAmandaNelson'spurposeinwritingtheletter?A.Toevaluateasummercamp. B.Topromotepre-collegeprograms.C.Torecommenduniversitycourses. D.Tointroducecollegelearningprojects.BInearly2018,IwastrainingfortheLondonMarathon---thefirstandonlymarathonIwouldeverruninmylife.Ihadtreatedmyselftoanexpensivefitnesswatchthattrackedmytime,paceandsplits.Attheendofmyfinaltrainingrun-anexhausting21miles（34km）---IthrewmyselfdownonthefloorthemomentIgothome,onlytoseemywatchhadfailedme.Twenty-onemilesbrieflyflashedonthescreenbeforeitwentblankanddisappearedforever.Iscreamedinpain.Thattragicimageofmecryingonmylivingroomfloorprettymuchsumsupmyrelationshipwithexercisetrackingtechnology.Itcanbeatotaljoytowatchyourdatachangeonrunningappsasyougetstrongerandfaster.Ioncegotakickoutofit,butatsomepointitbecameastickIusedtopunishmyself.Iwouldwatchmypace,compareitwithotherpeople'sorcriticizemyselffornotdoingit30secondsfaster.Ineverreallyrecognizedexercisetrackingasaproblem.Itseemedtomethattrackingwastheroutetoself-improvement,andthepointwastoimprove,wasn'tit?Thepointwastobebetter.Inthepastyear,theconceptof"beingbetter"hastakenonadifferentmeaning.Mymentalhealthdropped,andthingsthatwereonceeasysuchasbrushingmyteethbecameunimaginablydifficult.Beingbetterstoppedmeaninggettingfasterorstronger.Itmeanttakingcareofmyselfandfeelingsomejoyinaday.OnceIstartedgettingbetter,Ireflectedonwhatinmylifemademehappyandwhatdidnot.So,Istoppedtrackingmyrunsandsimplydeletedyears'worthofdatathatwasonceveryimportanttomeandnowmeantnothing.WhathasbecomeverycleartomesinceIquittrackingmyrunsisthatIgenuinelylovedoingthem.Irunaroundmylocalparkwithasillylittlesmileonmyface.Iloveitsomuch.ButIdonotloverunningquickly.Idonotlikeraces.Idonotwanttobepushedtobefaster.ThingsInoticeaboutinyrunsnowinclude:howmylegsfeelandhowmymindfeelsafterwards-clearandfocused.Inoticedogs,thesmellofthewildplantsalongthecanalandthesunshine（OK,windandrain）onmyface.Iambetter.OrsometimesIamworse.ButeitherwayI'mslowlyploddingalong,andthat'sgoodenough.24.Theauthorcriedafterthefinaltrainingrunbecauseshe_____.A.hadtostopworkingout B.becamephysicallywornoutC.lostthedataonthewatch D.feltasharppaininthelegs25.Theauthorusedtoviewexercisetrackingas______.A.afunhobbyforenjoyment B.astrongneedforrecognitionC.amethodofescapingpunishment D.awayofbeingabetterrunner26.Whatdoes"beingbetter"meantotheauthornow?A.Gettingpleasureoutofwinningraces. B.Beingmorefocusedonherlifegoal.C.Freeingherselffromdemandingtasks. D.Improvingheroverallwell-being.27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Adjustmentbringshappiness. B.Passionisthekeytosuccess.C.Sportscontributetohappiness. D.Successequalsself-improvement.CAshighereducationleadersdivedeeperintotheconversationonDigitalTransformationandEducation4.0,theyarealsolearninghowtoincorporatetheDigitalTwinsrealmconceptintotheircurricula,becauseDigitalTwintechnologycanservetheuniversityofthefuture.ADigitalTwinisavirtualrepresentationofarealobjectorsystemwhichisupdatedfromreal-timedataandusesmachinelearning,simulation（模擬）,andreasoningtohelpdecision-making.Inotherwords,aDigitalTwincancreateahighlycomplexvirtualmodelwhichistheexactreplicaofaphysicalthing.Connectedsensorsonasmartcampuscancollectdatainrealtime.Thisdataisusedtocreateamapontothevirtualmodel,thuscreatingaDigitalTwinofacampus.WhenschooladministratorslookattheDigitalTwin,theycanseecrucialinformationabouthowtherealcampusisdoing.TheapplicationsforDigitalTwintechnologydonotstopthere.Studentsandfacultycanbenefitfromusingthetechnologyaswell.Forexample,hybridclassroomshavebecomemoreandmorecommonnowadays.Digitaltechnologieshaveacceleratedthetransitionintotheuniversityofthefuture.DigitalTwintechnology,oneofthetrendingtechnologiesrelatedtoIndustry4.0,helpsfacultycreatesimulationmodelsbasedoncourserequirements.DigitalTwintechnologymakestheultimateimmersivelearningexperiencepossible.ByusingaDigitalTwin,studentscanlearnhighlyengagingtaskswhichcanbetoodangerous,complex,orexpensivefortheclassroom.Ratherthanhands-onlaboratorydissectionofaphysicalfrogtolearnanimalscienceorhavingtowaitforavailablehumanorgansinthehealthsciencelab,medicalstudentscanusethevirtualtwinofananimalorhumanorgansfortheirstudy.Thecomplexityofchemistryormicrobiologyrequiresstudentstobetotallyengaged.ByusingDigitalTwinsinaVirtualRealitysimulatedlearningexperience,facultycanachieveamaximumlevelofengagementhelpingeachstudentlearnabstractconceptsintheirownuniquewayandmuchfaster.Byrunningsimulations,studentscanbetterexploresystembehaviorunderdifferentconditions,understandfailureanddevelopanunderstandingofsystemsensibilitiesaswellashowchangesinthesystemparameters（參數(shù)）andexternaldisruptionsmakeanimpactontheresults.Someuniversities,suchasStanfordandCopenhagenSchoolofMarineEngineering,haveincorporatedDigitalTwintechnologyintotheirteachingcurricula,applyingittodisciplineslikearchitectureandengineeringastheybelievetheyaretherealityoftheindustry.Overall,thisenhancesstudentmotivation,acceleratesunderstanding,andimprovestheoveralllearningexperience.Moreover,theindustryencouragesuniversitiestoincorporateeducationalDigitalTwinsinautomationtogivestudentstheinitialunderstandingoftoolsandskillstheywillneedintheirfuture.28.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatDigitalTwins______.A.remainaconcept B.arevirtualcopiesofrealobjectsC.representfutureeducation D.canoperatecampusesremotely29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Education4.0facilitatesthedevelopmentofDigitalTwins.B.Newtechnologyposespotentialthreatstocollegeteachers.C.DigitalTwintechnologyinhighereducationisonthehorizon.D.VirtualclassroomshavegrowninpopularityunderIndustry4.0.30.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?DTheideathatweneedtoeatmeattogetenoughproteinandiron,afalseassumptionofsomePaleodiet（原始飲食）advocates,isacommonmisconception.Itignorestheabundanceofproteinandironinmanyplant-basedfoodssuchasnutsandseeds.Likewise,whilewetypicallyassociateomega-3fattyacidswithfish,fishthemselvesincorporatetheseintotheirtissuebyeatingseaweed,whichwecanconsumedirectlywithouttheconcernsofexposuretomicroplasticsinfishflesh.Indeed,awhole-food,plant-baseddietcanprovideallessentialnutrientsexceptforvitaminB12,madebybacteriainsoilandingestedbyanimals,therebyincorporatedintotheirtissue,milk,andeggs.Whilemodernsanitationallowshumanstoconsumecleanproduceunpollutedbydirt,wecaneasilyandcheaplyobtainoralB12supplements.Evidently,significantlyreducingourconsumptionofmeatwouldcarryvastbenefits.Cardiovasculardiseaseremainstheleadingcauseofdeatharoundtheworld.Eatinghighlyprocessedfoodsandredmeathasbeenrepeatedlydemonstratedtopromoteunderlyingmechanismsofcancerandcardiovasculardisease,suchasinflammation（炎癥）anddamagetotheliningofbloodvessels（血管）.Mountingevidencepointstothebenefitsofawhole-food,plant-baseddiet.Studiesfrom2017foundthatavegetariandietisassociatedwitha25percentrelativeriskreductionforcoronaryheartdiseaseandan8percentrelativeriskreductionforcancer,withavegandietrelatedtoa15percentrelativeriskreductionforcancer.TheWorldHealthOrganizationhasclassifiedprocessedmeatascarcinogenic（致癌的）,and（unprocessed）redmeatasprobablycarcinogenictohumans.Inadditiontoharmingourselves,eatingmeatharmsothers.Factoryfarmingpracticesoftenentailunspeakablecrueltytoanimals,andworkingconditionsforhumanlaborersareoftenunsafeandinhumaneaswell.Overcrowdingoflivestockandworkerspromotesthespreadofdiseaseamongbothpeopleandanimals,puttingusalatriskforfuturepandemics.Theoveruseof"routine"antibiotics（抗生素）toaccelerateanimalgrowthandprecautiouslytreattheinfectionsanticipatedasaresultoflivinginuncleanandovercrowdedconditionscanpromoteantibioticresistance.Whilelarge-scale,well-coordinatednationalandinternationalactionisundoubtedlyneededtofightunscrupulousfactoryfarmingpractices-andtoensuretheavailabilityofnutritiousandhealthyfoodforallcitizens,thosewithgreaterinfluence,suchasphysicians,educatorsandpolicymakers,shouldconsidertheimportanceofactingasrolemodelsforhealthybehaviorsthemselvesaswellasadvocatingforpoliciesthatensurebetternutritionalaccessandeducationforothers.Alloftheseshouldnotbeexcusesforindividualstoresistimplementingchangeintheirownlivesandcommunities.Societieschangewhenenoughindividualswithinthemaltertheirbehavior,anditisuptoeachofustoactasachangeagentinwhatevercapacitywecan.Wewouldallbewellservedtopullthisleverinourownlivesaswell.31.Theauthorwritesthefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyto______.A.showtheconcernsofPaleodietadvocatesB.comparethedifferencesbetweentwodietsC.highlighttheimportanceofnutritionintakeD.pointoutamisunderstandinginnutritionsource32.Whichofthefollowinglogicchainsisreasonableaccordingtothepassage?33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"unscrupulous"inParagraph6probablymean?A.Illegal. B.Unfair. C.Immoral. D.Unnecessary.34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AMeatlessDietIsBetterforYouB.FoodProblemsCallforJointEffortsC.SayNotoProcessedMeatConsumptionD.EatableGreensorNot?ThatIsaQuestion第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分,共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Wehumansarecomparisoncreatures.35Thisqualitymayhaveevolvedasameansofhelpingusfitintothesocialhierarchy（等級）oftheculturesweinhabited.Regardlessofthereasons,socialcomparisonplaysasignificantroleinhowweviewandevaluateourselves,andhowweinteractwithourworld.Itusedtobethatourprimaryreferenceofcomparisonwasourlocalcommunities,primarilyneighborsandco-workers.Becausewetendtogatheraroundthosesimilartoourselvesintermsofeducationallevel,workincome,andsharedinterests,therangeofdifferenceswhenwecomparedourselvestootherswasfairlysmall.Unfortunately,withtheemergenceoftheInternet,wecannowcompareourselvestoliterallyanyoneintheworld.36Whathadinpreviousgenerationsbeenasmallgapinourcomparisonshasnowbecomesolargeandunattainable.37WhensomanypeoplethatareeasilydiscoverableontheInternetseemtobesosuccessful,famous,influentialandbeautiful,givenourpreferencetocompare,itisdifficultnottohaveitinfluencehowweviewourselves.Sadly,thesecomparisonsusuallyresultinourfeelinginadequateand"lessthan".Theseharmfulcomparisonsalsodamageouremotionallives.Whenwefeellacking,weexperienceavarietyofunpleasantandunhealthyemotions.Wefeeljealousyandenvyforwhatothershaveandwhatwelack.38It'sonethingtorealizethatyoucompareyourselftoothers.It'sanotherthingtorecognizethatsocialcomparisonisoftencorrosive（逐步侵蝕的）toyouinsomanywayspsychologicallyandemotionally.It'sanentirelyotherthingtostopyourselffromcomparingyourselftoothers.39A.Weareconstantlymeasuringourselvesagainstotherpeople.B.Yetitispossible,anditisworththeeffortforyourmentalhealth.C.Thus,wearenowexposedtogroupsthatarequitedifferentfromus.D.Webelievethatthereissomethingwrongwithuscomparedtoothers.E.Wecanevenfeelbitternessandangeratothersfortheunfairnessofitall.F.Comparingourselvestoothershasthepotentialtoincreaseourlifeexperience.G.Thisnewlevelofcomparisonhashugeimplicationsforourpsychologicallives.第三部分書面表達（共兩節(jié),32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分,第42題3分,第43題5分,共12分）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題紙指定區(qū)域內(nèi)作答。Egocentrismistheinabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandanyperspectiveotherthanone'sown.Tothosewhoareegocentric,therearetwotypesofopinions:"mineandthewr