山東省煙臺市萊州柴棚鎮(zhèn)中學(xué)2021年高三英語期末試題含解析

山東省煙臺市萊州柴棚鎮(zhèn)中學(xué)2021年高三英語期末試題含解析一、選擇題1.Travelingwithoutorderingroomsinadvancecaneatuppreciousvacationtime________luckissmilingonyou.A.unless B.as C.if D.when參考答案：A2.______aclearheadwhenindangerandyou’llprotectyourselffromseriousharm.A.Tokeep

B.IfyoukeepC.Keeping

D.Keep參考答案：D【詳解】考查祈使句。句意：面對危險的時候，保持頭腦清醒，那么你會保護(hù)自己免遭嚴(yán)重的傷害。分析句子可知，本句為句型祈使句+and+陳述句，故選D。【點睛】祈使句+and+陳述句。祈使句，+and+陳述句:在這里祈使句相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句（但此時去掉and）。Giveblood(ifyoucan)andmanyliveswillbesaved.還可以用簡短的形式表示，即省略動詞。Givemeonemorehour,andI’llgettheworkfinished.（祈使句）==Onemorehour,andI’llgettheworkfinished.（名詞短語）==Ifyougivemeonemorehour,I’llgettheworkfinished.（if條件句）==IfIamgivenonemorehour,I’llgettheworkfinished.==Givenonemorehour,I’llgettheworkfinished.3.－John，Iknownothingaboutplayingtennis．Iwonderifyoucouldteachme．—

．Justnametheday．

A．I’mglad

B．Goahead

C．Ifyouwantit

D．Withpleasure

參考答案：D4.Mr.Wangtoldusthathewoulddevoteallthetimehecouldspend_______hisoralEnglishbeforegoingabroad.A.improve

B.toimprove

C.improving

D.toimproving參考答案：D5.Thecompanypromisedtopaysomemoneyforthecustomerspurchasingtheirshoddy(偽劣的)goodsand______anapologyinpublic.A.making

B.make

C.tomake

D.made參考答案：B6.Howdidyourbrothermakesuchastupidmistake_______hehadasuchagoodknowledgeofthestepsandcautionsoveroperatingthemachine?

A.when

B.because

C.while

D.that

參考答案：A7.Manypeoplebelieveweareheadingforenvironmentaldisasterunlesswe

changethewaywelive.A.fundamentallyB.deliberately

C.unconsciously

D.absurdly參考答案：A32.---Youforgotyourpursewhenyouwentout.---Goodheavens!________.A.SodidI

B.SoIdid

C.Ididso

D.Isodid參考答案：B略9.Howwouldyoufeelbeinglockedinthehousealldaywithnooneandnothingfor_____?

A.company

B.camp

C.journey

D.voyage參考答案：A略10.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelt______hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.A.why

B.how

C.that

D.whether參考答案：C略11.Johnson,_______tograspthechancetobecomeadoctor,decidedtotakeupteaching.A.fail

B.failed

C.tofail

D.havingfailed參考答案：D12.Theirrelationship,________onyearsofopencommunicationwitheachother,willlast.A.base B.tobase C.basing D.based參考答案：D【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他們的關(guān)系，建立在多年彼此開放溝通之上，將持續(xù)下去。baseon把……的基礎(chǔ)放在(……)上,建立在……基礎(chǔ)之上，根據(jù)后文yearsofopencommunicationwitheachother可知，多年彼此開放溝通的關(guān)系應(yīng)是被建立的，故用過去分詞短語，故選D。13..---Thefreegiftdoesn’tlookgood.

---_____,madam,butifyouwantgoodquality,youhavetopayforit.

A.Nodoubt

B.Nooffence

C.Noproblem

D.Noway參考答案：A略14.You_____getthemachinerepairedthisweek.Iwon’tneedituntilnextmonth.A.mustn’t

B.needn’t

C.shouldn’t

D.can’t參考答案：B15.—Don'tbefooledbyworthlessthingsthatseemvaluableorlook\o"attractive是什么意思"attractive.

—Iknow,______.

A.wellbegun,halfdone

B.farwaterdoesn’tputournearfireC.aleopardcannotchangeitsspots

D.allthatglittersisnotgold參考答案：D略16.We'vebeenlookingforcheaphousesbuthaven'tfound______welikeyet.A.one

B.other

C.it

D.that參考答案：A17.—Canyourepeattheaddress，please?—Numberl0，ZhongshanRoad．—

．Thankyou．

A．Forgetit

B．Youmentionedit

C．Gotit

D．Itisadeal參考答案：C18.Terrywouldrather______inside_____whileIwouldrathershewentshoppingwithherfriends.A.stay,reading

B.stay,reading

C.stayed,toread

D.stayed,reading參考答案：B二、短文改錯19.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(＼)劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：

1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。Oneday,whenwalkinghomeafterworkIsawamaninhertwentiespaintingapictureonatree.Surprisedandcuriously,Iwentuptoseemoreclearly.Hesaidhewasanartstudentandhespenthisfreetimedrawingpicturesontrees,hopedtohelpaddbeautytothecity.Encouragedbyhim,Iwasvolunteeredtohelphim.Hesaidthisideadidn’toccurtohimuntiltwoweeksbefore,whenhesawsomedamagesincertainoldtrees.Generallyspeaking,ittookhimaboutoneandahalfhourstofinishingonepicture.BythetimeImethim,hehasfinishedthreepictures.Afterthat,webecamefriendsandkeptontouchwitheachotherallthetime.參考答案：Oneday,whenwalkinghomeafterworkIsawamaninhertwentiespaintingapictureona

histree.Surprisedandcuriously,Iwentuptoseemoreclearly.Hesaidhewasanartstudentand

curious∧hespenthisfreetimedrawingpicturesontrees,hopedtohelpaddbeautytothecity.that

hopingEncouragedbyhim,Iwasvolunteeredtohelphim.Hesaidthisideadidn’toccurtohimuntil

twoweeksbefore,whenhesawsomedamagesincertainoldtrees.Generallyspeaking,ittook

ago

damagehimaboutoneandahalfhourstofinishingonepicture.BythetimeImethim,hehasfinished

finish

hadthreepictures.Afterthat,webecamefriendsandkeptontouchwitheachotherallthetime.

In第三處：and后加that考查冠詞。兩個陳述句作賓語從句時，引導(dǎo)第二個賓語從句的that不可以省略。第四處：hoped→hoping考查非謂語動詞。此處是非謂語動詞短語作狀語，hope和句子主語之間是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。所以把hoped改為hoping。第五處：去掉was考查動詞。根據(jù)句意可知此處不是被動意思，所以去掉was。第六處：before→ago考查副詞。此處是一般過去時要用“時間段+ago”，而before用于完成時。故把ago改為before。第七處：damages→damage考查名詞。damage是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。第八處：finishing→finish考查非謂語動詞。固定句型：Ittakessbsometimetodosth，所以把finishing改為finish。第九處：has→had考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知此處是指發(fā)生在遇見他之前的事情，故用過去完成時。第十處：on→in考查介詞。固定短語：keepintouchwithsb與某人保持聯(lián)系。三、閱讀理解20.Byanalyzingthefossilizedteethofsomeofourmostancientancestors,ateamofscientistsledbytheuniversitiesofBristol(UK)andLyon(France)havediscoveredthatthefirsthumanssignificantlybreastfedtheirinfants(嬰兒)forlongerperiodsthantheircontemporarys.Theresults,publishedinthejournal

ScienceAdvances,provideafirstinsightintothepracticeofweaning（斷奶）thatremainotherwiseunseeninthefossilrecord.Theteamsampledminuteamountsfromnearly40fossilizedteethofourSouthAfricanfossils,early

Homo,

Paranthropusrobustus

and

Australopithecusafricanus.Theymeasuredtheproportionsoftheirstablecalciumisotopes（同位素）inthetoothenamel（牙釉質(zhì)）,whichareafunctionofthemothermilkintakebyinfants.Theyshowthatearly

Homo

offspring（后代）wasbreastfedinsignificantproportionsuntiltheageofaroundthreetofouryears,whichlikelyplayedaroleintheapparitionoftraitsthatarespecifictohumanlineage（血統(tǒng)）,suchasthebraindevelopment.Incontrast,infantsof

Paranthropusrobustus,thatbecameextinctaroundonemillionyearsagoandwereamorerobustspeciesintermsofdentalanatomy,aswellasinfantsof

Australopithecusafricanus,stoppeddrinkingsizeableproportionsofmothermilkinthecourseofthefirstmonthsoflife.Thesedifferencesinnursingbehaviorslikelycomewithmajorchangesinthesocialstructuresofgroupsaswellasthetimebetweenthebirthofonechildandthebirthofthenext.Oneofthestudy'sleadauthors,DrTheoTacailsaid:"Thepracticeofweaning--thedurationofbreastfeeding,ageatnon-milkfoodintroductionandtheageatcessationofsuckling--differsamongthemodernmembersofthehominidfamilywhichincludeshumansandmoderngreatapes:orangutan,gorillas,chimpanzeesandbonobos.Thedevelopmentofsuchbehavioraldifferenceslikelyplayedmajorrolesintheevolutionofthemembersofhumanlineage,beingassociatedforinstancewithsizeandstructureofsocialgroups,braindevelopment.However,gettinginsightsintothesebehavioralchangesfromfossilsthataremillionsofyearsoldisachallengeand,sofar,littleevidenceallowdiscussingnursingpracticesinthesefossilspecies.Thefindingsstresstheneedforfurtherexplorationofcalciumstablesisotopescompositionsinthefossilrecordinordertounderstandtheco-evolutionofweaningpracticeswithothertraitssuchasbrainsizeorsocialbehaviors."/first-human-ancestors-breastfed-for-longer-than-contemporary-s//releases/2019/08/190829115427.htm38.Whatdoweknowthefindingsoftheteam?A.IttakestheleadinfocusingonPracticeweaning.B.Ithasdisclosedthelinkbetweentheweaningpracticeandothertraits.C.Itisevidentthatnursingpracticeisassociatedwithbehavioralchanges.D.It’scontemporaryhumansthatspendmoretimebreastfeedingtheirinfants.39.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“suchbehavioraldifferences”inParagraph7mostprobablyreferto?A.Differencesinthecalciumisotopeintheteeth.B.Differencesinthesocialstructureofgroups.C.Differencesinthepracticeofweaning.D.Differencesinthechangeofbehaviors.40.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.TheevolutionofhumanlineageB.Thepossibleinfluenceofnursingbehaviors.C.Theexplorationofcompositionsinthefossil.D.Thefunctionofmothermilkattheageofinfants.參考答案：38.A

39.C

40.B這是一篇說明文。通過對祖先牙齒化石的研究，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)第一批用母乳喂養(yǎng)嬰兒的人類比同時代的其他的近親在時間上要長很多，而這種育幼差異可能在人類進(jìn)化中扮演了重要角色，比如大腦發(fā)育和社會群體方面?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的Theresults,publishedinthejournalScienceAdvances,provideafirstinsightintothepracticeofweaning可知這項研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》雜志上，為斷奶行為提供了第一手資料，而這在化石記錄中是看不到的。A.IttakestheleadinfocusingonPracticeweaning.（它率先專注于斷奶行為）符合以上說法，故選A項?！?9題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第六段的Thepracticeofweaning--thedurationofbreastfeeding,ageatnon-milkfoodintroductionandtheageatcessationofsuckling--differsamongthemodernmembersofthehominidfamilywhichincludeshumansandmoderngreatapes:orangutan,gorillas,chimpanzeesandbonobos.可知現(xiàn)代人和古代人的斷奶行為不同，而且人類和猩猩以及猿猴在斷奶的時間上是不同的，即不同時代/不同物種的斷奶行為是有差異的，而畫線部分的such就是指上文提到的內(nèi)容。C.Differencesinthepracticeofweaning.（斷奶實踐的差異）符合以上說法，故選C項?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是第七段的Thedevelopmentofsuchbehavioraldifferences…intheevolutionofthemembersofhumanlineage,beingassociatedforinstancewithsizeandstructureofsocialgroups,braindevelopment.可知，這種行為差異的發(fā)展可能在人類血統(tǒng)成員的進(jìn)化中扮演了重要角色，例如與社會群體的大小和結(jié)構(gòu)，大腦的發(fā)展有關(guān)。所以短文主要是關(guān)于育幼行為可能帶來的影響。故B.Thepossibleinfluenceofnursingbehaviors.（育幼行為可能帶來的影響）符合以上說法，故選B項。21.Britonsspendasmuchasnearlyfivehoursaweekkeepingtheirhomesclean,asurveyfound.Kitchensarecleanedmostoften,whiledoingtheovenandwindowsaretheleastpopularjobs.Intotal,theyspendjustover￡1billionayearonproductstokeepthedirtatbay—almost￡40perhousehold.MarketanalystMintelfoundacleardivisionoflabour.WhiletheaverageBritonspends4hours,40minutescleaningtheirhomeeachweek,menspendjust3hours,53minutescomparedto5hours,25minutesforwomen.Andwhilesevenintenwomensaytheydomostofthecleaning,thisfallstofourintenformen.Confirmingmanyparents’feelings,onlyoneinfiveadultchildrenandoverlivingattheirparents’homehelpswithcleaningchores,withchildrenunder18doingevenless.Lastyear,thehouseholdcleaningmarketwasworth￡1.06billion,whichequatestoannualspendingof￡39.89perhousehold.ThoselookingforthecleanesthomesinthecountryshouldheadtoScotland,wherepeoplespendanaverageoffivefours,6minutes,whichiscloselyfollowedbyEastandWestMidlandsatfivehours,1minute.Incomparison,theleastnumberofhoursspentincleaningisspentinthesoutheast/EastAngliaatfourhours,18minutes.ThesouthwestandWalesstandatfourhours,46minutes,thenorthwestfourhours,44minutes,andYorkshireandtheHumberfourhours,21minutes.AccordingtoRichardCaines,Mintel’sseniorhouseholdcareanalyst,menstilllagwomeninthehouseholdcleaningstakesandspendonaverageanhourandahalflesstimecleaningtheirhome,suggestinganopportunityforacampaigntoencouragemorecleaningbymentohelpredressthisimbalance.Thenumberofhouseholdsthatneedcleaningiscontinuingtogrow,butpressureontimefromincreasinglybusyliveslimitsthenumberofhourspeoplearewillingorabletospendcleaningtheirhomes.Thismeansthemarketwillseeanincreasingfocusoneasy-to-use,buteffectivehardsurfacecleanersandcleaningequipment.Suchproductscanhelpencouragemorecleaningtobedoneinlesstime,butaswellasfocusingonmoreconvenientproducts,cleaningbrandscanalsoinjectanelementoffunintocampaignsthroughencouragingamoresharedapproachthatinvolvesthewholefamily.Thiswillalsohelptoaddressthegenderimbalanceandgetolderchildrentomakemoreofacontributiontocleaning.50．AccordingtoParagraph2,eachweekintermsofhouseholdcleaning.A.eachBritishfamilyspendsnearly8hoursB.menspendalmost1.5hoursless