2022北京高三（上）期末英語(yǔ)匯編：閱讀理解C篇

2022北京高三（上）期末英語(yǔ)匯編

閱讀理解C篇一、閱讀理解（2022?北京通州?高三期末）Inmid-2019,anIndonesiandesignteamsubmittedaplantoaninternationaldesigncompetitionforanewtypeofsubmarine（潛艇）.Itwasn'tdesignedformilitarypurposesorforexploringtheocean.ThemainpurposeofthissubmarinewastocreateiceblockstoreplaceseaiceinthePolarRegions.Inthesummermonthsof2019,amassiveheatwaveshockedEuropeandbrokeanumberofhightemperaturerecords.As（hehotairmovednorthovertheArctic,theicesheetcoveringGreenlandmeltedatanunexpectedrate.Icemeltatthepolesisnormalinthesummermonths.Losticcisoftenregainedbyrefreezinginwinter.Butthefastmeltingratecouldmeanapermanentlossofpolarice,whichwouldhaveglobalconsequences.Dealingwithsuchalarge-scaleproblemrequireslarge-scalesolutions.Whilemanysolutionslookatreducingthegreenhousegases,fewareaimedatrepairingtheeffectsofclimatechange.Theice-makingsubmarineproposedtodojustthat.Theice-makingsubmarine'sbasicdesigninvolvesformingalargehexagonal（六邊形的）iceblockofroughly25metersacrossand5metersthick.Alargecontainerinthesubmarinewouldbefilledwhensubmergedunderwater.Thentheslowprocessofdesalination（脫鹽）andfreezingwouldbegin.Afteraboutamonth,thesubmarinewoulddischarge（卸卜）theiceblockandbegintheprocessalloveragain.Theoverallvisionwouldbetohavemultiplesubmarinesworkingtogether,so（hatthehexagonalblockscouldbepushedtogethertofbrmasinglelargeicesheet.Thedesignwasbeautifullypresentedandwonsecondplace.However,thesciencebehindthedesigncameundercriticism.Onecriticismwashowthemassiveamountsofenergyneededtodesalinateandfreezethewalerwouldbeprovided.Anotherwasthattheamountofheatgeneratedbythefreezingprocesswouldresultinanetwarmingeffect.Additionally,theicewouldbetoothintostayfrozenforasignificantamountoftime.Thedesignerscouldn'tsufficientlyanswermanyofthescientificcriticisms.Theirinventiveideadocs,however,indicatetheneedforcreativesolutionsinrepairingthelossofpolarice.Theice-makingsubmarinewasdesignedto.A.explore（heoceanB.achievemilitarypurposesC.recordratesofmeltingpolariceD.makeupforthedecreaseofpolariceThe4thparagraphismainlyabout.A.thelimitationof（henewdesignB.（heprocessofmakingiceblocksC.thefeaturesoftheice-makingsubmarinesD.thechallengesthatthedesignersencounteredWhatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Thedesignintroducesauniqueanglefordealingwithclimatecrisis.Thedesignersareconfidentabouttheeffectivenessof（hesubmarine.Thelosticecanberegainedbyrefreezinginspiteoffastmeltingrate.Theice-makingsubmarineisoneofthesolutionstoreducegreenhousegases.Asforthedesignofice-makingsubmarine,theauthoris.（2022?北京海淀?高三期末）PioneerslikeHarvardsocialecologistStephenKellertwereamongthefirsttochampionmodernbiophilicdesign.Kellertbelievedthatweavingnatureintolivingandworkspacesiscriticalforgoodphysicalandmentalhealth.Humanshaveevolvedtogravitatetowardsnature.Kellertnoted,butifwedon'tdevelopthatimpulseitfades.Sohisprinciplesincludeaccesstonaturallight,air,water,plants,andgardens.Usingmaterialssuchaswoodandstone,naturaldesignssuchasleaforshellpatterns,andearthycolorsalsohelpshumanstofeelclosertonature.Biophilicdesignscanbeseenincitiesandbuildingsaround（heworld.ModernexamplesincludetheJewelChangiAirportinSingapore,withitsfour-storeyforestgardenandworld'slargestindoorwaterfallfedbyrainwater.OrtheSwedishMirrorcubetreehousehotel,mainlymadeofusedplywoodandalightweightaluminum（鋁）framewrappedaroundatree.SpectacularbiophilichomesincludeOneCentralParkinSydneyapartmentblocksfeaturinghanginggardensontheoutside.Thebuildingsrecycletheirownwaterandasuspended（懸浮的）motorizedmirrorsystemreflectssunlightdownontogardensbelow.Milan'sBoscoVerticaleblockisperhapsevenmoreeye-catchingwithitsverticalforestof17,000trees,bushes,andplants.Puttingbiophilicdesigntoworkforsocietycouldpreventmillionsinhealthcarecosts,withonestudyestimatingannualsavingsof$93millionintheUSalone.Hospitaldesigninparticularhashistoricallybeeninfluencedbyaccesstosunlightandviewsofnature.Modembuildingslike（heKhooTeckPuatHospitalinSingapore,withitspositionnext（othewaterfalloftheYishunPond,arccloselylinkedwiththeirsurroundings.Thehospitalchannelsoutdoorairtocooltheinside,andusesreflectivesunshadestodirectlightintothewardstobrightenthemandsaveenergy.Theaimofthesedesignsistoemphasizethehumanconnectiontonaturebyintegratingbuildingswiththelocalenvironment.Buthowdowebringbiophiliaintoourhomes?Startwithhouseplants.Newsmarthomeappscanalsoprovidesensorynatureexperiencessuchasbirdsongandaprojectedforestcanopy,helpingpeopletocarveoutarestfulspaceindoors.Butperhapsthebestwaytotransformsocietywithbiophilicdesignsistostartwithschools.Childrenlearnbetterandfeelmorerelaxedinbiophilicsettings.SotheChildrenandNatureNetworkisworkingwithschoolsacrosstheUStocreategreenschoolyardsforbetterphysicalandmentalhealthand（oincreaseopportunitiesforoutdoorlearning.Biophilicdesignersarebringingnatureintoclassroomsthroughnaturalpatterns,shapesandcolors,naturephotography,artworkandmaterialsliketimberandstone.Freshairflow,greenwalls,andaquariumsallbecomepartofarecipefbrimprovinghealthandacademicsuccess.Accordingtothepassage,StephenKellertprobablybelievesthat.humans*inbornlovefornaturewon'tbelessenednaturecanimprovepeople'ssenseofresponsibilityhumansneedtoappreciateandmakegooduseofnaturenaturalmaterialshavetakenpriorityinmodernbuildingdesignsWhatdotheexamplesofbiophilicdesignsinthepassagehaveincommon?Theyapplysmarthometechnology.Theypromotesustainabledevelopment.Theyincludewaterfallsandgardensinside.Theyuselocalresourcestocutthecostofbuildings.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,welearnthatbiophilicdesigns.havegreatlytransformedschoolshelpimprovestudents'performancefocusmainlyonstudents'mentalhealthhavemovedmostof（heclassroomsoutsideWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Let'sInviteNatureInsideB.LiveNaturallyandSimplyC.TheBestNaturalBuildingDesignerD.UpsandDownsofNaturalBuildings（2022?d匕京東城?高三期末）Thedigitalrevolutionhasarrived.Asautomationbecomesevermorecommon,eventhoseprofessionsoncethoughttobeinsulatedfromtechnologicaldisruption（擾亂）faceanuncertainfuture.Giventhatstateofuncertainty,NortheasternUniversityPresidentJosephAounarguesthatcollegegraduatescannolongerbeconfidentthatthejobtheyholdwillbefinanciallysustainableforthelongterm.Automation,longathreattolow-skilledjobs,isnowcost-effectiveinallrepetitivework,includinghigh-skilledjobsinhealthcare,law,andresearch.Thus,formanytheprospectofbeingreplacedbyarobotismorepressing.Toaddressthis,itfallstohighereducationtopreparegraduatesforchangesthataresweepingthroughtheworldofwork.Buthowcaninstitutionspreparethenextgeneration,whenit'snotclearwhatprofessionswillexisttoemploythem?Aounarguesthatuniversitiesmustreinventthemselvestoaddress（hisageofdisruptionandtoprovidetheirstudentswiththeeducationalfoundationthatensurestheiremployabilityinthecomingdecades.Todoso,hecallsforhighereducationtofocusonthosefeaturesthatseparatehumansfrommachines.Henamedthisnewframework"Humanics".Aoundetailsatwo-ticrcd（兩層的）structureforHumanicsandexplainshowthesetiersworktogethertodevelopcreativityinstudents.Thefirsttierconsistsof21st-centuryliteraciesthathearguesmustbecentraltoanyforward-thinkingeducationalprogram.Inadditiontoreading,writing,andarithmetic,Aounarguesthatallstudentsmustbecompetentindatainterpretationandanalysis,technicalfunctionslikeengineering,andhuman-centricstudiessuchasdesignthinkingandcommunication.ThisfirsttierofliteraciesformsthebasisfbrAoun'ssecondtierofcognitive（認(rèn)知的）capacities.Systemsthinking,criticalthinking,andculturalawarenessconstitutethemind-setsthatAounarguesarecriticaltodistinguishinghumanemployeesfrommachines.Astudentwiththesemind-setscansolveproblemscreativelywhilemakinglogicaljudgments.Havingdefinedwhatarobot-proofeducationmustinvolve,Aounlooksintohowthateducationshouldbeofferedandwhatcollegesanduniversitiesmustdotomeettheneedsofamodernstudentbody.Hecallsforhighereducationtofullyacceptexperiential,lifelonglearning.Hearguesthatitisonlythroughrichexperiencesthatstudentscanapplytheir21st-centuryliteraciestocomplexproblems,whichwilleventuallyshapetheirmind-sets.ThistypeoflearningmusthelifelongbecausetherapidrateofchangethataccompaniesautomationwillrequirethatstudentsconsistentlyrefreshtheirskillsetsAounacknowledgesthateducationwillneverbeacure-allforsociety'sills.AmorepracticalapproachmightbetoseeHumanicsnotasanewmedicinebutratherasasupplementtoourcurrenteducationalsystem.Inanautomatedworld,topreparefortheeconomicdisruptionsuchautomationmaycause,highereducationmustcreateagenerationofgraduatesthatisliberatedtothinkcreativelywhilecontinuingtofunctioninmoretraditionalcapacities.Perhapsthatwillensureworkersandtheuniversitiesthateducatethemareindeedrobotproof.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"insulated"inParagraph1probablymean?A.GeneratedB.ShelteredC.Prohibited.D.Separated.Whatcanwelearnaboutautomationfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Ithasposedathreattoemployment.B.Ithasmadehigh-skilledjobsdemanding.A.Ithasposedathreattoemployment.B.Ithasmadehigh-skilledjobsdemanding.C.Ithelpstofueltheprocessofdigitalization.D.Itpromotesthedevelopmentofnewprofessions.AccordingtoJosephAoun,institutionsshould.A.setthetrendforautomationB.providearobot-proofeducationC.redefinetheframeworkofHumanicsD.valuecognitivecapacitiesoverliteraciesWhatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.Whereisautomationleadingus?B.WhatdoesHumanicsmean(ouniversities?C.Whyisitcriticaltoacquirehighereducation?D.Howcanwegetreadyforanuncertainfuture?參考答案D2.B3.A4.C【分析】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)用于修復(fù)氣候變化影響的設(shè)計(jì)——制冰潛艇。.推埋判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段關(guān)鍵句"ThemainpurposeofthissubmarinewastocreateiceblockstoreplaceseaiceinihePolarRegions."（這艘潛艇的主要目的是制造冰塊來(lái)取代極地地區(qū)的海冰。）及第二段關(guān)鍵句"Butthe缶stmeltingratecouldmeanapermanentlossofpolarice,whichwouldhaveglobalconsequences.^^（但是，快速的融化速度可能意味著極地冰川的永久消失，這將產(chǎn)生全球性的后果。）可推知，制冰潛艇被設(shè)計(jì)用來(lái)制冰，從而彌補(bǔ)極地冰的減少。故選D項(xiàng)。.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段關(guān)鍵句"Theice-makingsubmarine'sbasicdesigninvolvesformingalargehexagonaliceblockofroughly25metersacrossand5metersthick.Alargecontainerinthesubmarinewouldbefilledwhensubmergedunderwater.Then（heslowprocessofdesalinationandfreezingwouldbegin.Afteraboutamonth,thesubmarinewoulddischargetheiccblockandbegintheprocessalloveragain.”（造冰潛艇的基本設(shè)計(jì)包括形成一個(gè)大約25米寬、5米厚的大型六邊形冰塊。當(dāng)潛艇被淹沒(méi)在水下時(shí)，潛艇內(nèi)的一個(gè)大容器就會(huì)裝滿水。然后，海水淡化和冷凍的緩慢過(guò)程就會(huì)開(kāi)始。大約一個(gè)月后，潛艇會(huì)排出冰塊，然后重新開(kāi)始這一過(guò)程。）可知，第四段描述了制冰的過(guò)程。故選B項(xiàng)。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段關(guān)鍵句"Whilemanysolutionslookatreducingthegreenhousegases,fewareaimedatrepairingtheeffectsofclimatechange.Theice-makingsubmarineproposedtodojustthat.”（雖然許多解決方案著眼于減少溫室氣體，但很少有解決方案著眼于修復(fù)氣候變化的影響。造冰潛艇就打算這么做。）可知，制冰潛艇的設(shè)計(jì)引入了應(yīng)對(duì)氣候危機(jī)的獨(dú)特角度。故選A項(xiàng)。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段關(guān)鍵句"Thedesignerscouldn'tsufficientlyanswermanyofthescientificcriticisms.Theirinventiveideadoes,however,indicatetheneedfbrcreativesolutionsinrepairingthelossofpolarice.”（設(shè)計(jì)師們無(wú)法充分回答許多科學(xué)上的批評(píng)。然而，他們的創(chuàng)造性想法確實(shí)表明，需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造性的解決方案來(lái)修復(fù)極地冰川的消失。）可見(jiàn)，作者對(duì)于這項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)表示支持。故選C項(xiàng)。C6.D7.A【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于唱歌和外語(yǔ)習(xí)得之間關(guān)系的研究，研究表明：唱歌可能帶來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的新方法，”聽(tīng)并且重復(fù)”的唱歌方法有助于外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。.推理判斷題。由第?段“Haveyoueverfoundyourselfinthissituation:Youhearasongyouusedtosingwhenyouwereachild—abitofnostalgia（，懷I日）or“blastfromthepast'',aswesay.Butitisnotadistantchildhoodmemory.Thewordscomebacktoyouasclearlyaswhenyousangthemallthoseyearsago.（你有沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于這樣的境地：你聽(tīng)到一首你小時(shí)候經(jīng)常唱的歌——一點(diǎn)懷舊或者我們所說(shuō)的“來(lái)自過(guò)去的爆炸”。但這不是遙遠(yuǎn)的童年記憶。這些歌詞回到你的腦海里，就像你多年前唱的那樣清晰）"和第二段"ResearchersattheUniversityofEdinburghstudiedtherelationshipbetweenmusicandrememberingaforeignlanguage.Theyfoundthatrememberingwordsinasongwasthebestwaylorememberevenoneofthemostdifficultlanguages.（愛(ài)「堡大學(xué)的研究者們研究了音樂(lè)和記憶外語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)記住歌曲中的單詞是記住最難的語(yǔ)言的最好方法）“可知，第一段開(kāi)頭通過(guò)舉例“歌曲”導(dǎo)入話題，人們都清楚地記得兒時(shí)唱歌的歌詞，第二段講了音樂(lè)和記憶外語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系，可得出第一段所說(shuō)的“歌町'是為了導(dǎo)入主題。故選C項(xiàng)。.推埋判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“singingcouldleadtonewwaystolearnaforeignlanguage.Thebrainlikestorememberthingswhen（heyarecontainedinacatchyormemorablelune.（唱歌可能帶來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的新方法。大腦喜歡記住瑯瑯上口或令人難忘的旋律）”和最后一段中“Thisstudyprovidesthefirstexperimentalevidencethatalisten-and-repeatsingingmethodcansupportforeignlanguagelearning,andopensthedoorforfutureresearchinthisarea.（這項(xiàng)研究提供了第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù)，證明了“聽(tīng)并且重復(fù)的唱歌方法”可以支持外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)，并為該領(lǐng)域的進(jìn)一步研究打開(kāi)了大門）”可推斷，大腦喜歡記住瑯瑯上口或令人難忘的旋律，即當(dāng)外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者用“聽(tīng)并且重復(fù)的唱歌方法”唱單詞時(shí)，大腦可能工作最好，故選D項(xiàng)。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thisstudyprovidesthefirstexperimentalevidencethatalisten-and-repeatsingingmethodcansupportforeignlanguagelearning,andopensthedoorforfutureresearchinthisarea.（這項(xiàng)研究提供了第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù)，即聽(tīng)并且重復(fù)的唱歌方法可以支持外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)，并為將來(lái)在這方面的研究打開(kāi)大門）”可推斷，此項(xiàng)研究對(duì)于外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者非常有用，一個(gè)美國(guó)人要學(xué)漢語(yǔ)可以采用此方法。故選A項(xiàng)。.A9.B10.D11.D【分析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了鑒于人工智能目前的技術(shù)瓶頸，它無(wú)法完全做到從另一個(gè)角度看待事物，科學(xué)家需要解決該技術(shù)瓶頸問(wèn)題。.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段的“suchasaturtlewithaspecialshellpatternthatanAImisidentifiesasagun.（比如一只帶有特殊外殼圖案的烏龜，被AI誤認(rèn)為是一把槍。）“可知，人工智能可以被一些人類可以亳無(wú)問(wèn)題識(shí)別出的圖片弄糊涂。因此confuse一詞可以解釋劃線詞。故選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段的“Inonecase,aschoolbusthatwascorrectlyidentifiedintheoriginalimagewasmisidentifiedasapunchingbagwhenshowninclose-up,andasasnowploughwhenupsidedownintheroad.（在］、案例中，一輛在原始圖像中被正確識(shí)別的校車在近距離顯示時(shí)被錯(cuò)誤地識(shí)別為沙袋，而當(dāng)?shù)怪迷诼飞蠒r(shí)被錯(cuò)誤地識(shí)別為雪犁。）”可知，校車的例子被用來(lái)說(shuō)明人工智能識(shí)別系統(tǒng)并沒(méi)有你想象的那么智能。故選B。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"He,Cluneandothershavebeenuncoveringtheseproblemsforthepastfewyears,butnobodyknowshowtofixthem.ThebiggestbarriertoprogressisthatwhenanAIlooksatanimage,itcan'textractrulesabouttheobjectthatwouldhelpitidentifyasimilaronenexttime—forexample,therulethathorseshavefourlegs.4tToreachahumanlevelofreasoning,weneedawaytoextractnilesfromimages,"saysNguyen.（在過(guò)去的幾年里，Nguyen.Clune和其他人一直在尋找這些問(wèn)題的解決途徑，但沒(méi)有人知道如何解決它們。前進(jìn)的最大障礙是當(dāng)人工智能查看圖像時(shí)，它無(wú)法提取關(guān)于對(duì)象的規(guī)則以幫助它下次識(shí)別類似的對(duì)象。例如，馬有四條腿的規(guī)則。Nguyen說(shuō)，“為了達(dá)到人類的推理水平，我們需要一種從圖像中提取規(guī)則的方法）”可知，從最后一段中可以推斷出在人工智能中發(fā)展推理是人工智能研究人員面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)。故選Do.標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文,根據(jù)第一段的“Tellingayellowtaxiandapairofbinocularsapartissoeasythatmostpeoplecoulddoi（standingontheirhead.Notsofbranartificialintelligence:make（hecabupsidedownanditseesbinoculars.（分辨一輛黃色出租車和一副望遠(yuǎn)鏡是那么容易，大多數(shù)人都可以很容易做得到。對(duì)于人工智能來(lái)說(shuō)并非如此：把車倒過(guò)來(lái)，它看到的是望遠(yuǎn)鏡。）”和上一題的分析可知，人工智能無(wú)法從另一個(gè)角度看待事物。因此D項(xiàng)“人工智能不能從另一個(gè)角度看事物”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選Do.C13.B14.A15.D【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，講述了科學(xué)干預(yù)如海獺的恢復(fù)可以增強(qiáng)它們棲息地的基因多樣性，深入發(fā)現(xiàn)人類干預(yù)的好處和這一行為的過(guò)少關(guān)注現(xiàn)狀，呼吁更多研究在這一領(lǐng)域。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段末尾“ErinFostersuggeststhatseaotterrestorationcanenhancethegeneticdiversityoftheirhabitat.”（海獺的恢復(fù)可以增強(qiáng)它們棲息地的基因多樣性。）和“Seaottersresideincoastalhabitats,includingcclgrassfields……”（海獺居住在沿海的棲息地，包括大葉藻地）可知，海懶的回歸可以增加大葉藻地的遺傳多樣性，故選C。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theamountofdisturbancethatwasobsenedintheeelgrassfieldswasrelativelylowbutresearchesontheeffectsofdisturbanceongeneticdiversityarerelativelyrare.”（在大葉藻地觀察到的擾動(dòng)量相對(duì)較低.?…但對(duì)干擾對(duì)遺傳多樣性影響的研究相對(duì)較少。）可知，之前對(duì)干擾的研究還不夠。故選.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后面duringinlensecommercialharvests（大規(guī)模商業(yè)捕措期間）可以推斷數(shù)量肯定下降，跟選項(xiàng)Aremoved被移除意思相符合，故選A0.標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“seaotterrestorationcanenhancethegeneticdiversityoftheirhabitat.”（海獺的恢復(fù)可以增強(qiáng)它們棲息地的基因多樣性）和第三段“Eventhoughdisturbanceenhancesthediversityanddynamicsofmanyoftheworld'secosystems”（盡管干擾增強(qiáng)了世界許多生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的多樣性和動(dòng)態(tài)性）以及最后一段“moreattentionshouldbepaidtorebuildinganimalpopulationsandthekeyecologicalfunctionstheyprovidc.^^（應(yīng)更多地關(guān)注動(dòng)物種群的重建及其提供的關(guān)鍵生態(tài)功能。）可知，人類的干預(yù)例如海獺的恢復(fù)等對(duì)基因多樣性有益處，應(yīng)該更多關(guān)注，故選D。.C17.D18.B【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)即使中年才開(kāi)始鍛煉也能降低早死的概率。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"h'strulynevertoolatetobeginexercising,accordingtotheresearchersledbyPedroSaint-MauriceoftheU.S.NationalCancerInstitute.（美國(guó)國(guó)家癌癥研究所的佩德羅?圣莫里斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究人員表示，開(kāi)始鍛煉真的永遠(yuǎn)不晚）”和第二段的"But,perhapssurprisingly,peoplewho'dbeeninactiveinyouthbutdecidedtogetmorephysicalintheir40sand50ssawalmostthesamedecline—35percent—intheirprobabilityofanearlydeath.（但是，也許令人驚訝的是，那些年輕時(shí)不怎么運(yùn)動(dòng)，但在四五十歲時(shí)決定多鍛煉身體的人，他們的早死概率幾乎也下降了35%）”可推知，什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始鍛煉都不晚，在四五十歲的時(shí)候鍛煉也可以延長(zhǎng)壽命。故選C。.推理判斷題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合第一段"It'strulynevertoolatetobeginexercising,accordingtotheresearchersledbyPedroSaint-MauriceoftheU.S.NationalCancerInslituie.（美國(guó)國(guó)家癌癥研究所的佩德羅?圣莫里斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究人員表示，開(kāi)始鍛煉真的永遠(yuǎn)不晚）”、第二段的“Thestudytrackedthelifetimeexercisepatternsofmorethan315,000people.（這項(xiàng)研究追蹤了31.5萬(wàn)多人的終生運(yùn)動(dòng)模式）“、第二:段的“Thestudyalsofoundthatamid-lifestarttophysicalactivityseemedtocuttheprobabilityofdeathfromthetwomajorkillers—heartdiseaseandcancer.（耳f究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，中年開(kāi)始鍛煉似乎能降低死于兩大主要?dú)⑹中呐K病和癌癥的概率）”和第四段的“Thisstudy,onceagain,indicatestheimportanceofphysicalactivityinrelationshiptoone'slong-termmortality（這項(xiàng)研究，再一次表明了體育活動(dòng)對(duì)一個(gè)人長(zhǎng)期死亡率的重要性）可推知，木文的主要目的是介紹一項(xiàng)關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)益處的研究，告訴我們開(kāi)始鍛煉真的永遠(yuǎn)不晚，即使到了中年，鍛煉也會(huì)帶來(lái)益處。故選D。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的"Butstartingexercisingatalaterageandstillgettingthesamemortalitybenefitdoesn'tmeanthatoneshouldnotexerciseinyoungeryears.（在較晚的年齡開(kāi)始鍛煉仍然能獲得同樣的死亡率益處，但是，并不意味著一個(gè)人在年輕時(shí)不應(yīng)該鍛煉）”可知，一個(gè)人不應(yīng)該非要等到中年才開(kāi)始鍛煉，因此作者對(duì)“等到中年才能健身”的態(tài)度是不贊成的，即Disapproving,故選B。.A20.C21.B【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)這一概念。.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)卜文“However,theconceptofthePygmalioneffect―expectationsinfluencingperformanceandbecomingself-fulfillingprophecies（預(yù)言）一iswidespread.（然而，皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)（Pygmalioneffect）的概念預(yù)期影響業(yè)績(jī)并成為自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的預(yù)言——卻廣為流傳戶可知，劃線詞所在的句子與之意思相反，劃線詞所在句子意為“在這一特殊情況下，多年的辯論和分析得出的結(jié)論是，影響是可以忽略不計(jì)的。”，由此可知，negligible意為“輕微的故選A。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ThePygmalioneffectsuggestsourrealityisnegotiableandcanbeinfluencedbyothers—onpurposeorbyaccident.Whatweachieve,howwethink,howweact,andhowweperceiveourcapabilitiescanbeaffectedbytheexpectationsofthosearoundus.（皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)（Pygmalioneffect）表明，我們的現(xiàn)實(shí)是可以協(xié)商的，可以受到他人的影響——有意或無(wú)意。我們所取得的成就，我們?nèi)绾嗡伎?，我們?nèi)绾涡袆?dòng)，以及我們?nèi)绾慰创约旱哪芰Χ紩?huì)受到周圍人的期望的影響。戶可知，皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)了人們對(duì)他人的期望。故選C。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“AninterestinguseofthePygmalioneffectmightbethatsuggestedbyGeorgeBernardShaw'splayPygmalion4蕭伯納的戲劇《皮格馬利翁》提出了皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)的一個(gè)有趣用法。廠以及接下來(lái)敘述的茶花女的故事可知，作者在第4段主要通過(guò)?個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)的使用。故選B。.A23.C24.B【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要說(shuō)明實(shí)驗(yàn)證明青少年動(dòng)物和青少年人類類似，會(huì)故意冒險(xiǎn)、受到同伴壓力的影響。22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Anexampleisapracticecalled“predator（捕食者）inspection^^whichmeansadolescentanimalsapproachpredatorsratherthanrunaway.Thetrade-offforthedangeristhattheycanwatch,smellandlearnaboutthepredator.Theygatherallkindsofinformationthatcankeepthemsaferasadults."（一個(gè)例子是一種稱為“捕食者檢查”的做法，這意味著青少年動(dòng)物接近捕食者而不是逃跑。危險(xiǎn)的代價(jià)是它們可以觀察、嗅到和了解捕食者。它們收集各種各樣的信息，使它們成年后更安全。）可知，對(duì)于青少年動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)，接近它們的敵人一捕食者，并觀察捕食者的行為是危險(xiǎn)但有價(jià)值的。故選A項(xiàng)。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段“"Wefoundthatinthepresenceofpeers,adolescentmicedrankmorethantheydowhenthey'realone/'Steinbergsaid,“andthattheteenagersinthedrivingstudyalsotookmoreriskswhenotherswerearound""（斯坦伯格說(shuō)：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在有同齡人在場(chǎng)的情況下，青少年老鼠比它們獨(dú)自一人時(shí)喝得更多，而且駕駛研究中的青少年在別人在場(chǎng)時(shí)也會(huì)置更多的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！埃┛芍嗌倌陝?dòng)物和人類會(huì)受到同伴壓力的影響。故選C項(xiàng)。.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段”"Forthemostpart,adolescents,humanandanimalalike,prefertobewithotheradolescents,"Steinbergsaid”（斯坦伯格說(shuō)：“在大多數(shù)情況下，青少年，無(wú)論是人還是動(dòng)物，都喜歡和其他青少年在一起。“）可知，斯坦伯格認(rèn)為青少年的動(dòng)物和人類都喜歡和其他青少年在一起，動(dòng)物和人類是類似的，都具有與同齡人交往的特征，劃線句子表示“與同齡人交往是青少年共有的一種特征。”故選B項(xiàng)。.D26.A27.C【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究證明反好的回憶會(huì)使記憶發(fā)生改變。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句"Thisisknownasthe“audience-tuningeffect”,showingushowourmemoriescanchangeautomaticallyovertime,asaproductofhow,when,andwhyweaccessthem.（這就是所謂的“觀眾調(diào)諧效應(yīng)”，它向我們展示了我們的記憶是如何隨著時(shí)間的推移而自動(dòng)變化的，這是我們?nèi)绾?、何時(shí)以及為什么讀取記憶的結(jié)果）”可知，我們處理記憶的方式會(huì)影響我們的記憶。故選D。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句"Infact,sometimessimplytheactofrehearsing（復(fù)述）amemorycanbeexactlywhatmakesitsusceptible（易受影響的）tochange.（事實(shí)上，有時(shí)僅僅是復(fù)述記憶的行為就能使記憶容易改變。戶結(jié)合本段中的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可知，復(fù)述記憶次數(shù)多的受試者更容易改變記憶。由此可推知，經(jīng)?；貞洸⒉粫?huì)完美的重現(xiàn)記憶。故選Ao.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句"Bythetimeourmemorygoesbackintothefreezer,itmighthavenaturallybecomealittlemisshapen,especiallyifsomeonehasinfluenceditpurposelyinthen】ean【ime.（當(dāng)我們的記憶回至lj冰庫(kù)時(shí)，它可能會(huì)自然而然地變得有點(diǎn)畸形，特別是如果有人同時(shí)有意的影響它）“可知，這里將記憶與取出冰箱的冰激凌作類比，冰激凌會(huì)融化變形，記憶也一樣會(huì)發(fā)生改變。由此可推知，劃線詞malleable與changeable同義，表示“可變的”。故選C。.A29.D30.D【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了一個(gè)人擁有的每一個(gè)獨(dú)特的個(gè)性，超越年齡的自我的感覺(jué)和身份，以及我們作為個(gè)體不可避免的主觀經(jīng)驗(yàn)，都為靈魂奠定了科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，并對(duì)這一觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了論證。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Sc沁neejournalistMichaelLemonicktoldthestoryofLonniSue,whosufferedbraindamageandwasleftunablelorecallherpastorlofbnnnewmemories.LemonickthoughtthatLonniSue,whenshelosthermemories,lostherself.Butoncehegottoknowher,aswellaspeoplewhoknewherbeforeandafterherinjury,Lemonickdiscoveredthatherselfhadnotbeendestroyed.Shewasstillcheerfulinawaythatmadepeoplearoundherfeelbetter,andshewasstillcreativeandplayful.So,despitememoryloss,westillhavetheessenceofourpersonality.Basically,nomatterwhathappenstoourbrain,ouruniquepersonalityseemstoshinethrough.（科學(xué)記者M(jìn)ichaelLemonick講述了LonniSue的故事，她遭受了腦損傷，無(wú)法回憶過(guò)去或形成新的記憶。Lemonick認(rèn)為L(zhǎng)onniSue失去記憶時(shí)，就失去了自我。但是一旦他了解了她，以及那些在她受傷前后了解她的人，Lemonick發(fā)現(xiàn)她自己并沒(méi)有被摧毀。她仍然很開(kāi)心，讓周圍的人感覺(jué)更好，她仍然很有創(chuàng)造力，很好玩。所以，盡管我們失去了記憶，但我們?nèi)匀粨碛腥烁竦谋举|(zhì)?；旧希还芪覀兊拇竽X發(fā)生了什么，我們獨(dú)特的個(gè)性似乎會(huì)發(fā)光）”可推知，作者通過(guò)LonniSue的故事來(lái)表現(xiàn)人的人格的穩(wěn)定性。故選A。.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞1:文“SciencejournalistMichaelLemonicktoldthestoryofLonniSue,whosufferedbraindamageandwasleftunabletorecallherpastortoformnewmemories.LemonickthoughtthatLonniSue,whenshelosthermemories,lostherself.Butoncehegottoknowher,aswellaspeoplewhoknewherbeforeandafterherinjury,Lemonickdiscoveredthatherselfhadnotbeendestroyed.Shewasstillcheerfulinawaythatmadepeoplearoundherfeelbetter,andshewasslillcreativeandplayful.（科學(xué)記者邁克爾?萊蒙尼克講述了朗尼?蘇的故事，她遭受了腦損傷，無(wú)法回憶過(guò)去或形成新的記憶。萊蒙尼克認(rèn)為朗尼?蘇，當(dāng)她失去記憶時(shí)，就失去了自我。但是一旦他了解了她，以及那些在她受傷前后了解她的人，萊蒙尼克發(fā)現(xiàn)她自己并沒(méi)有被摧毀。她仍然很開(kāi)心，讓周圍的人感覺(jué)更好，她仍然很有創(chuàng)造力?很好玩。）”以及畫線詞后文“Basically,nomatterwhathappenstoourbrain,ouruniquepersonalityseemstoshine〔hrough.（基本上，不管我們的大腦發(fā)生了什么，我們獨(dú)特的個(gè)性似乎會(huì)發(fā)光。戶可知，盡管LonniSue遭受了腦損傷，無(wú)法回憶過(guò)去或形成新的記憶，但是她受傷后仍然很開(kāi)心，讓周圍的人感覺(jué)更好，仍然很有創(chuàng)造力，很好玩，說(shuō)明雖然失去了記憶，但是我們重要的個(gè)人性質(zhì)并沒(méi)有改變，基本匕不管我們的大腦發(fā)生了什么，我們獨(dú)特的個(gè)性似乎會(huì)發(fā)光。故畫線詞意思是“重要的性質(zhì)故選D。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Eachuniquepersonalityapersonhas,thefeelingandidentityoftheselfbeyondage,andourinevitablesubjectiveexperienceasanindividualmakeascientificfoundationforthesouL（一個(gè)人擁有的每一個(gè)獨(dú)特的個(gè)性，超越年齡的自我的感覺(jué)和身份，以及我們作為個(gè)體不可避免的主觀經(jīng)驗(yàn)，都為靈魂奠定了科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)廠可知，我們的靈魂取決于我們的個(gè)性、意識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選D..C32.B33.B34.A【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要舉例子介紹了一些將自然融入生活、工作和學(xué)習(xí)中的親生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)，這種親生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)人們的身心健康帶來(lái)很大好處?！驹斀狻?.推理判斷題o根據(jù)第二段“Humanshaveevolvedtogravitatetowardsnature,Kellertnoted,butifwedon'tdevelopthatimpulseitfades.Sohisprinciplesincludeaccesstonaturallight,air,waler,plants,andgardens.Usingmaterialssuchaswoodandstone,naturaldesignssuchasleaforshellpatterns,andearthycolorsalsohelpshumanstofeciclosertonature.（Kellerl注意到，人類已經(jīng)進(jìn)化到被大自然吸引的地步。但如果我們不培養(yǎng)這種沖動(dòng)，它就會(huì)消失。所以他的原則是要接近自然光，空氣，水，植物和花園。使用木材和石頭等材料，設(shè)計(jì)像樹(shù)葉或貝殼等自然圖案，以及使用樸實(shí)的顏色，這些也有助于人類感覺(jué)更接近大自然）”可推斷出，StephenKellert可能認(rèn)為人類需要欣賞和充分利用大自然，故選C。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ModernexamplesincludetheJewelChangiAirportinSingapore,withitsfour-storeyforestgardenandworld'slargestindoorwaterfallfedbyrainwater.OrtheSwedishMirrorcubctreehousehotel,mainlymadeofusedplywoodandalightweightaluminum（鋁）framewrappedaroundatree.（現(xiàn)代的例子包括新加坡的寶石樟宜機(jī)場(chǎng)，它有四層的森林花園和世界上最大的室內(nèi)雨水瀑布。或者瑞典鏡立方樹(shù)屋酒店，主要由用過(guò)的膠合板和輕質(zhì)鋁框架圍繞在樹(shù)上）”和第四段中的"SpectacularbiophilichomesincludeOneCentralParkinSydneyapartmentblocksfeaturinghanginggardenson（heoutside.Thebuildingsrecycletheirownwaterandasuspended（懸）孚的）motorizedmirrorsystemreflectssunlightdownontogardensbelow.MilansBoscoVerticaleblockisperhapsevenmoreeye—catchingwithitsverticalforestof17,000Crees,bushes,andplants』令人嘆為觀止的生態(tài)住宅包括悉尼的一個(gè)中央公園公寓大樓，其外側(cè)有空中花園。建筑自身的水循環(huán)利用，懸掛的機(jī)動(dòng)鏡面系統(tǒng)將陽(yáng)光反射到下面的花園。米蘭的BoscoVerticale街區(qū)也許更加引人注目，因?yàn)樗?7000棵樹(shù)、灌木和植物組成的垂直森林）''以及第五段中的“ModernbuildingsliketheKhooTeckPuatHospitalinSingapore,withitspositionnexttothewaterfalloftheYishunPond,arecloselylinkedwiththeirsurroundings.Thehospitalchannelsoutdoorairtocooltheinside,andusesreflectivesunshadestodirectlightintothewardstobrightenthemandsaveenergy.（像新加坡的KhooTeckPual醫(yī)院這樣的現(xiàn)代建筑，它的位置緊挨著伊順池塘的瀑布，與周闈的環(huán)境緊密相連。醫(yī)院引導(dǎo)室外空氣冷卻病房?jī)?nèi)部，并使用反光遮陽(yáng)板將光線引入病房以照亮病房并節(jié)省能源）”可推斷出，文章列舉的這些親生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)的共同點(diǎn)就是，它們都有助于促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，故選B。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Childrenlearnbetterandfeelmorerelaxedinbiophilicsettings.（在生態(tài)環(huán)境中，孩了們學(xué)得更好，感覺(jué)更放松）”和最后一段中的"Freshairflow,greenwalls,andaquariumsallbecomepartofarecipeforimprovinghealthandacademicsuccess.（流動(dòng)的新鮮空氣，綠色的墻壁，水族館這些都成為改善健康和學(xué)術(shù)成功的一部分）”可知，親生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)有助于改善學(xué)生在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)，故選B。.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要舉例子介紹了一些將自然融入生活，工作和學(xué)習(xí)中的親生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)，這種親生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)在一些城市中，大樓里，家中，醫(yī)院，學(xué)校里等都能看到，它對(duì)人們的身心健康帶來(lái)很大好處。由此可推斷出，A選項(xiàng)“LetsInviteNatureInside（讓我們邀請(qǐng)大自然進(jìn)來(lái)）”最適合作文章標(biāo)題，故選A。.B36.A37.B38.D【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述在數(shù)字化革命到來(lái)后自動(dòng)化已經(jīng)威脅人們的職業(yè)，JosephAoun就這現(xiàn)象提出未來(lái)人工智能時(shí)代的教育。.詞義猜測(cè)題。由文章第一段“Thedigitalrevolutionhasarrived.Asautomationbecomesevermorecommon,eventhoseprofessionsoncethoughttobeinsulatedfromtechnologicaldisniptionfaceanuncertainfuture.（數(shù)字化革命己經(jīng)至U來(lái)。隨著自動(dòng)化變得越來(lái)越常見(jiàn)，甚至那些曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為將免于科技干擾的職業(yè)也將面臨一個(gè)不確定的將來(lái)。）由本句中oncethought和后面faceanuncertainfuture推斷前后句意應(yīng)該發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折，前面應(yīng)該表示看好這些職業(yè)，原本認(rèn)為這些職業(yè)不受科技影響。而A.Generaled生產(chǎn)；B.Sheltered庇護(hù)；C.Prohibited禁止；D.Separaled分離。故選B項(xiàng)。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中“Automation,longathreattolow-skilledjobs,isnowcost-cffcctivcinallrepetitivework,includinghigh-skilledjobsinhealthcare,law,andresearch.Thus,formanytheprospectofbeingreplacedbyarobotismorepressing"（自動(dòng)化一宜以來(lái)就是對(duì)低技術(shù)工種的威脅，現(xiàn)在也在具有重復(fù)性的工種中也顯得更劃算，其中包括在醫(yī)療，法律和研究這是高技能的工作。因此，對(duì)于很多工種，被替代的可能性不容忽視。）可知，自動(dòng)化已經(jīng)威脅到人們的工作了。故選A項(xiàng)。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中"Havingdefinedwhatarobot-proofeducationmustinvolve,Aounlooksintohowthateducationshouldbeofferedandwhatcollegesanduniversitiesmustdotomeettheneedsofamodemstudentbody."（在定義未來(lái)人工智能時(shí)代的教育后，Aoun正在研究教育應(yīng)該怎樣提供以及學(xué)院和大學(xué)應(yīng)該做什么來(lái)滿足當(dāng)代學(xué)生的需求。）以及文章最后一段"Perhapsthatwillensureworkersandtheuniversities