定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法講解含習(xí)題

定

語(yǔ)

從

句一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞以后，由必定的連接詞指引，連接詞稱為關(guān)系代詞（which,that,as,whom,who,whose）或關(guān)系副詞when,where,why）1、限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句⑴限制性定語(yǔ)從句起對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行限制、劃分的作用。若去掉易產(chǎn)生歧義或使主句意義不明確。（此類定語(yǔ)從句前后沒有逗號(hào)）【eg】Thedressthatmymotherboughtformeisverybeautiful.我媽媽給我買的裙子很美麗。⑵非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間的關(guān)系比較松懈，只對(duì)先行詞起說明和描述的作用。若省去，節(jié)余部分意義仍舊完好，表達(dá)清楚。（此類定語(yǔ)從句前后用逗號(hào)分開）【eg】Yourwritings,whicheveryoneadmires,areverymarvelous.你的作品人人賞識(shí)，實(shí)在是太了不起了。Shakespeare,whoseplaysarepopular,wasagreatwriter.莎士比亞是個(gè)偉大的作家，他的劇作很受歡迎。⑶某些狀況下，一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句既可以作限制性定語(yǔ)從句，又可以作為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，但二者含義有差異。eg】TherearetencarsherewhicharemadeinChina.這里有十輛中國(guó)制造的車。（這里可能還有其余的車）Therearetencarshere,whicharemadeinChina.這里有十輛車，它們都是中國(guó)制造的。（這里只有十輛車）that和why一般不指引非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，其余指引限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞都可以指引非限制性定語(yǔ)從句?！緀g】Myelderbrother,whoisanengineer,isworkingabroad.我的哥哥在外國(guó)工作，他是一個(gè)工程師。Lastyear,IvisitedQuanzhou,whichisabeautifulcityinFujianProvince.昨年我旅行了泉州，它是福建省一個(gè)美麗的城市。2、關(guān)系代詞的使用指代對(duì)象人事物人+事物主格who/thatwhich/thatthat賓格whom/thatwhich/thatthat全部格whosewhose/ofwhichwhich和that指物①which和that指引的限制性定語(yǔ)從句表事物，可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。當(dāng)他們?cè)谫e語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that和可以省略。

which

常eg】Wemustrespectthecustomherethathasexistedforhundredsofyears.我們一定尊敬這里存在了數(shù)百年的民俗。

（做主語(yǔ)）Thisisthebook(that/which)Iwanttobuy.這就是我想買的那本書。

（做

buy

的賓語(yǔ)）多數(shù)狀況下，that和which可以通用。②在以下幾種狀況下，指引定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞多用少用which。a先行詞前有形容詞的最高等、序數(shù)詞或theonlylast等表絕對(duì)意義的詞作修飾語(yǔ)?！緀g】Thisistheoldesttreethatexistsintheworld.

that，不用或,thevery,the這是世界上現(xiàn)存最老的一棵樹。Theonly

thing

(

that

)

he

is

interested

in

iscollectingstamps.他獨(dú)一感興趣的事就是集郵。b先行詞為不定代詞（anything,nothing,everythinglittle,few,much,any,no等修飾

）或被eg】Allthesongs(that)hesangareverypopularhere.他唱的全部的歌在這兒都很流行。Everythingthatshouldbedonehasbeendone..全部應(yīng)當(dāng)做的事情都已經(jīng)做了。若先行詞是something，定語(yǔ)從句用thatc先行詞既包含人又包含物【eg】Theytalkedofpeopleandthings

和which都可以。(that)theyrememberedinEngland.他們談起了記憶中在英國(guó)的人和事。d當(dāng)句中已有wh–疑問句，有時(shí)為了防范重復(fù)，用that指引定語(yǔ)從句而不用which。③在以下幾種狀況下，一般使用which指引定語(yǔ)從句而不用that.指引非限制性定語(yǔ)從句【eg】China,whichisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld,isplayinganimportantpartintheworldaffairs.中國(guó)是世界上第三大國(guó)家，它在國(guó)際事務(wù)中起側(cè)重要的作用。bthat和which在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。介詞可以放在句末也可以提到關(guān)系代詞前面。介詞放在句末時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用that和which，也可省略。介詞提早到關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只好用which不可以用that，且which不行省。eg】Abottleopenerisatool(which/that)bottlesareopenedwith.=Abottleopenerisatoolwithwhichbottlesareopened.開瓶器是一種用來開啟瓶子的工具。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后邊有插入語(yǔ)。eg】Ihavereceivedtheinvitationtoyourweddingwhich,asIhavetoldyou,mademeveryglad.我已經(jīng)收到你的婚禮請(qǐng)柬。這個(gè)邀請(qǐng)，正如我所告訴你的，使我感覺萬分有幸。d若先行詞是that，則用which指引定語(yǔ)從句。(thatwhich的結(jié)構(gòu)平常出此刻諺語(yǔ)中)eg】Thatwhichisevilissoonlearned.壞事易學(xué)。④先行詞是way時(shí)，指引定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有三種形式:inwhichthat或不用指引詞。eg】Thewayhespeaksisunique.=Thewaythathespeaksisunique.=Thewayinwhichhespeaksisunique.他說話的方式很奇異。who,whom和that指人①who和that在從句中既可做主語(yǔ)又可做賓語(yǔ)whom在從句中只可用做賓語(yǔ)。當(dāng)who,whom和that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。【eg】Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatistalkingwithJohnoverthere?你認(rèn)識(shí)在那處和John說話的那個(gè)女孩嗎？Theman(who/whom/that)youhavejusttalkedwithisourteacher.方才和你說話的那個(gè)是我們的老師。who,whom,that在從句中都可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。介詞可位于句末也可提到關(guān)系代詞前。介詞位于句末時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用who,whom或that，也可省略。介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只好用whom不可以用that和who，而且whom不行省。（注意與2/⑴/③/b類比）eg】Theman(who/whom/that)youhavejusttalkedwithisourteacher.=Themanwithwhomyouhavejusttalkedisourteacher.方才和你說話的那個(gè)人是我們的老師。⑶whose指人或指物，充當(dāng)名詞的修飾語(yǔ)，表示所屬關(guān)系?！皐hose+名詞”=“名詞+ofwhich”二者意思相同，可互換。eg】Lookatthehousewhosewindowsareround.=Lookatthehousethewindowsofwhichareround.看那座窗戶是圓形的房子。⑷as指引的定語(yǔ)從句①先行詞有such或thesame修飾，也許在as/soas的結(jié)構(gòu)中，都可用as做關(guān)系代詞來指引限制性定語(yǔ)從句。eg】Iwanttobuythesamepenasyouareusing.我想買一支和你用的那支相同的筆。Heusedsuchexpressionsashecouldfindinthetexts.他使用在課文中可以找到的那些詞語(yǔ)。當(dāng)thesame修飾先行詞時(shí)，指引定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞既可以用as也可用that。差異：that指引的定語(yǔ)從句表示它所表述的事物與先行詞是同一個(gè)。as既可以表示“同一個(gè)”又可以表示“同類”。eg】ThisisthesamebookthatIhavelost.這就是我拋棄的那本書。ThisisthesamebookasIhavelost.這本書和我拋棄的那本一模一樣。②as指引非限制性定語(yǔ)從句as指引非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾的是前面的整個(gè)句子。which也有這類用法,二者在大多數(shù)狀況下可互換。eg】Shehasjustcried,as/whichIcouldseefromherswolleneyes.她方才哭過，我從她紅腫的眼睛就可以看出。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld.盡人皆知，中國(guó)是世界上第三大繁榮國(guó)家。which指引非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和指引的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的差異：awhich從句只好放在句末，而as從句可位于句首、句中、句末。eg】MarkTwain,asweallknow,isagreatwriter.盡人皆知，馬克?吐溫是一位偉大的作家。當(dāng)主句能否定句時(shí)，as不可以用which來代替。as從句所修飾的范圍其實(shí)不包含主句的否定意義?！緀g】Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink.蜘蛛并不是像好多人所想的那樣是昆蟲。3、關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的使用關(guān)系副詞where,when,why在從句中分別做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和原由狀語(yǔ)。他們常?？梢杂谩敖樵~+which”來代替⑴when可代替為on/at/in/during+which,在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。eg】Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichwefirstmet.我還記得我們首次見面的那天。Doyoustillrememberthesummervacationwhen/duringwhichwevisitedalotofplacesinBeijing?你還記得我們?cè)诒本┞眯辛撕枚嗟胤降哪莻€(gè)暑期嗎？⑵where可代替為at/in/to+which，在定語(yǔ)從句中跟在表地點(diǎn)的名詞后邊做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。eg】Thatistheschoolwhere/atwhichIusedtostudy.那就是我過去學(xué)習(xí)過的學(xué)校。Thinkofaplacewhere/towhichwecangoforaswim.想一個(gè)我們可以去游泳的地方。why可代替為forwhich，指引先行詞為reason的定語(yǔ)從句，表示原由?！緀g】Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslate.這就是他遲到的原由。⑷關(guān)系副詞when,where,why指引定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般可用that替換，也可省略。【eg】Sheisalwaysbusyworkingfromthetime(when/that)shegetsupinthemorningtillthetime(when/that)shegoestobed.她老是很忙，從清早起床向來到上床睡覺，她都在工作。Thatistheplace(where/that)Iwentbefore.那就是我們以前往過的地方。Doyouknowthereason(why/that

)heleft

thecompany?你知道他走開公司的原由嗎？二、例題1、（）Thefloodoverflowedtheriverbanks,______frequentlyhappenedinthatarea.AasitBwhichCitDsuch2、（）Thisisthebestnovel______wehavereadinrecentyears.AwhichBthatCasDso3、（）All______isalargesumofmoney.AwhatisneededBthatisneededCthethingneededDfortheirneeds4、（）Readthetextasecondtimeandyouwillprobablyknowwhattheprinciple______ahovercraftworks.AisonthatBhasonwhichCisonwhichDonwhich5、（）Theway______hegiveshisperformancesisappreciatedbyhisfans.Whichofthefollowingsiswrong?A/BwhichCinwhichDthat6、（）Myassistant,______carefullyreadthroughtheinstructionsbeforedoingtheexperiment,didnotgetsatisfactoryresults.AwhothoughtBevenwhoCwhohadDwhohaving7、（）Inthedarkstreets,therewasnotasingleperson______shecouldturnforhelp.AthatBwhoCfromwhomDtowhom8、（）Theneighbourhoodfactory,______workersareallwomen,turnsouttoysoffinequality.AthereBwhichCwhoseDwhen9、（）Heissuchanoutstandingleader______islovedbythepeoplethroughoutthecountry.AasBthatCwhichDwho10、（）Thecanopeneriseasytohandle,______isshowninthepicture.AasitBasCthatDsince11、（）Everythingwasquiteallright______oneday______shegotintotrouble.Anotuntil;whenBuntil;beforeCnotuntil;beforeDuntil;when12、（）Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace______,justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.AwhichBwhereCthereDwhat13、（）Theplanewasdelayed,______wasthattheweatherwasterrible.AthereasonwhyBthereasonforitCthereasonofitDthereasonforwhich14、（）Donotletthechildwhois______swiminrivers.AnotoldenoughBtooyoungtoCnotoldenoughtoDyoungenoughto15、（）Ithinkyouhavegottothepoint______,achangeisneeded,otherwiseyouwillfail.AwhenBthatCwhereDwhich三、堅(jiān)固練習(xí)1、（）Isthisuniversity______theypaidavisittolastmonth?AwhichBwhereCtheoneDwhichyou2、（）Iwillneverforgetthedays______wespenttogetherinthevillage.A/BwhenCwhatDhow3、（）______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolsisincreasing.AWhichBAsCThatDIt4、（）Iwaslateforschoolthismorningbecauseofthetrafficjam______Iwascaught.AwhichBwhereCinwhichDwhen5、（）Haseverything______canbedone______done?A/;/B/;beenCthat;beenDthat;be6、（）Canyoufindmesomething______?AtoopenthetinBthatIcanopenthetinCIcanopenthetinwithDbywhichtoopenthetin7、（）Waterdissolvesapartofnearlyeverything______itcomesincontact.AwhereBwith