化學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)第一課

SpecializedEnglishforChemistry教學(xué)要求與安排成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)定:平時(shí)成績(jī)(30%)+期末考試(70%)參考教材：

(1)黃忠,謝普會(huì)等.《應(yīng)用化學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)》，化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2010年

(2)朱紅軍,《應(yīng)用化學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程》，化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2010年(3)MichaelLewis,AdvancedChemistryThroughDiagrams，OxfordUniversityPress,1999教學(xué)內(nèi)容Chapter1IntroductionChapter2InorganicChemistryChapter3OrganicChemistryChapter4AnalyticalChemistryChapter5PhysicalChemistryChapter6CommonLabwareChapter7TranslationofaScientificPaperChapter8WritingofaScientificPaper考試教學(xué)內(nèi)容與安排Chapter1IntroductionWhatis

“SpecializedEnglishforChemistry”?專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)和日常英語(yǔ)1.詞匯的專(zhuān)業(yè)性plant：——工廠、車(chē)間charge：——電荷

positivecharge：正電荷base：

——堿植物負(fù)責(zé)、收費(fèi)基礎(chǔ)2.詞匯構(gòu)詞法詞尾：一般化學(xué)元素多以“-ium”結(jié)尾，如：Sodium

代表Na(鈉)、Chromium

代表Cr(鉻)等。前綴：

mono-：一；di-：二，如：carbonmonoxide(CO)；carbondioxide(CO2)后綴：

-ane：烷烴，-ene：烯烴，

-one：酮，如：propane（丙烷）propylene（丙烯）acetone（丙酮）專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)和日常英語(yǔ)3.縮寫(xiě)詞匯COD：ChemicalOxygenDemand——化學(xué)需氧量BOD：BiochemicalOxygenDemand——生物需氧量b.p.：Boilingpoint——沸點(diǎn)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)和日常英語(yǔ)4.長(zhǎng)句多且結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜

專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)和日常英語(yǔ)e.g.:NaturalandSyntheticRubber

日常英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)Peoplegetnaturalrubberfromrubbertreesasawhite,milkyliquid,whichiscalledlatex(天然膠乳).Naturalrubberisobtainedfromrubbertreesasawhite,milkyliquidknownaslatex.專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)和日常英語(yǔ)Theymixitwithacid,anddryit,andthentheysendittocountriesallovertheworld.Astherubberindustrygrew,peopleneededmoreandmorerubber.Theystartedrubberplantations(橡膠園)incountrieswithhot,wetweatherconditions,butthesestillcouldnotgiveenoughrawrubbertomeettheneedsofgrowingindustry.

Thisistreatedwithacidanddriedbeforebeingdispatched(派送)tocountriesallovertheworld.Astherubberindustrydeveloped,moreandmorerubberwasrequired.Rubberplantationswereestablishedincountrieswithahot,humidclimate,butthesestillcouldnotsupplysufficientrawrubbertosatisfytherequirementsofdevelopingindustry.

Itwasnotsatisfactoryforindustrytodependonsupplies,whichcomefromsofarawayfromtheindustrialareasofEurope.Itwasalwayspossiblethatwarsorshippingtroublecouldstopsupplies.ItwasunsatisfactoryforindustrytodependonsuppliescomingfromsofarawayfromtheindustrialareasofEurope.Itwasalwayspossiblethatsuppliescouldbestoppedbywarsorshippingtrouble.Formanyyearspeopletriedtomakesomethingtotakeitsplace,buttheycouldnotdoit.Intheend,theyfoundawayofmakingartificial,man-maderubberwhichisinmanywaysbetterthanandinsomewaysnotasgoodasnaturalrubber.Formanyyears,attemptsweremadetoproduceasubstitute,buttheywereunsuccessful.Finally,amethodwasdiscoveredofproducingsyntheticrubberwhichisinmanywayssuperiorandinsomewaysinferiortonaturalrubber.

Theymakeartificial,man-maderubberinfactoriesbyacomplicatedchemicalprocess.Itisusuallycheaperthannaturalrubber.Today,theworldneedssomuchrubberthatweusebothnaturalandartificialrubberinlargeamounts.Syntheticrubberisproducedinfactoriesbyacomplicatedchemicalprocess.Itisusuallycheaperthannaturalrubber.Atpresent,theworldrequirementsforrubberaresogreatthatbothnaturalandsyntheticrubberareusedinquantities.日常英語(yǔ)與專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯與表達(dá)式比較NaturalandSyntheticRubber

日常英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)getwhichiscalledmixitwithandthentheysenditgrewneededstartedwetweatherconditionsgiveenoughtomeettheneedsisobtainedknownastreatedwithbeforebeingdispatcheddevelopedrequiredestablishedhumidclimatesupplysufficienttosatisfytherequirementsnotsatisfactorywhichcomepeopletriedtomakesomethingtotakeitsplacecouldnotdoitintheendfoundawayartificial,man-madebetternotasgoodastodaytheworldneedssomuchrubberamountsunsatisfactorycomingattemptsweremadetoproduceasubstitutewereunsuccessfulfinallyamethodwasdiscoveredsyntheticsuperiorinferiortoatpresenttheworldrequirementsforrubberaresogreatquantities專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)的由來(lái)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)的概念是早在1964年由Halliday、Mcinfash和Stmvens在其合著的《TheLinguisticSciencesandLanguageTeaching》一書(shū)中首先提出來(lái)的：EnglishforSpecificPurposeorEnglishforSpecialPurpose后來(lái)，TomHutchinsonandAlanWaters在其著作《EnglishforSpecificPurposes：alearning—centeredapproach》(1987)中對(duì)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)做了更加廣泛的定義：ESPisanapproachtolanguageteachinginwhichalldecisionsastocontentandmethodarebasedonthelearner’sreasonforlearningWhytolearn

“SpecializedEnglishforChemistry”?專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的最終目的是為了培養(yǎng)自己在專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)查閱、翻譯英文文獻(xiàn)、寫(xiě)出地道的英文論文的能力，并與國(guó)外學(xué)者直接進(jìn)行科技交流給自己設(shè)定三個(gè)目標(biāo)：閱讀方面：能查閱該領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)業(yè)文章，通過(guò)專(zhuān)業(yè)詞典能快速理解文章主線和細(xì)節(jié)寫(xiě)作方面：要求寫(xiě)出符合科技論文要求及特點(diǎn)的英文摘要，在本科畢業(yè)論文中具體體現(xiàn)聽(tīng)說(shuō)方面：要求能進(jìn)行一些簡(jiǎn)單的專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)交流某同學(xué)畢業(yè)論文摘要

例1介紹了制備方法對(duì)Ru催化劑苯部分加氫制環(huán)己烯性能的影響，分析了反應(yīng)過(guò)程中添加劑種類(lèi)、溫度、反應(yīng)時(shí)間對(duì)苯轉(zhuǎn)化率、環(huán)己烯選擇性和環(huán)己烯得率的影響。PartintroducesthepreparationmethodsofRucatalystforbenzenehydrogenationsystemaffectstheperformanceofcyclohexene,analyzesthetypesofadditives,intheprocessofreactiontemperature,reactiontimeonbenzeneconversion,cyclohexeneselectivityandtheyieldofcyclohexenewereaffected.本文采用多元醇還原法制備了Ru/ZrO2催化劑，研究了催化劑的制備條件如還原醇的種類(lèi)、催化劑的還原溫度和還原時(shí)間對(duì)催化劑苯部分加氫制環(huán)己烯性能的影響。結(jié)果表明，最佳還原醇、還原溫度和還原時(shí)間分別為1,2-丙二醇、160oC和120min，在最佳制備條件下，環(huán)己烯最佳得率為42.7%，相應(yīng)環(huán)己烯選擇性為57.0%。修改TheRu/ZrO2catalystswerepreparedbybyapolyolreductionmethod.Thepreparationconditionsofthecatalystsincludingthekindsofreducingpolyol,thereducingtemperature,andthereducingtimeonthecatalyticperformanceoftheRu/ZrO2catalystsinpartialhydrogenationofbenzenetocyclohexenewereinvestigated.Itisfoundthattheoptimumreducingpolyol,reducingtemperature,andreducingtimewere1,2-propanediol,160oC,and120min,respectively.Undertheoptimumconditions,theoptimumcyclohexeneyieldis42.7%,andthecorrespondingselectivityis57.0%.修改采用浸漬法制備了Ru催化劑，考察了不同反應(yīng)添加劑對(duì)Ru催化劑上苯部分加氫制環(huán)己烯性能的影響和反應(yīng)過(guò)程中反應(yīng)添加劑的用量及反應(yīng)時(shí)間對(duì)苯轉(zhuǎn)化率、環(huán)己烯選擇性和環(huán)己烯得率的影響。環(huán)己烯是一種重要的有機(jī)合成中間體，可廣泛應(yīng)用于醫(yī)藥、農(nóng)藥、聚酯和其他精細(xì)化學(xué)品的生產(chǎn)，提高環(huán)己烯得率，具有重要的應(yīng)用價(jià)值和學(xué)術(shù)意義。本論文擬通過(guò)資料查閱以及實(shí)驗(yàn)分析，研究反應(yīng)添加劑對(duì)Ru催化劑苯部分加氫制環(huán)己烯性能的影響。某同學(xué)畢業(yè)論文摘要

例2TheRucatalystspreparedusingimpregnationmethod，examinesthedifferentadditivesontheRucatalystportionofbenzenehydrogenationreactionofcyclohexeneperformanceandtheinfluenceofthereactionprocessofadditivedosageandreactiontimeonbenzeneconversion，cyclohexeneselectivityandtheyieldofcyclohexenewereaffected．Cyclohexeneisanimportantorganicintermediates，whichcanbewidelyusedinmedicine,pesticides，polyesterandotherfinechemicalsproduction，increasetherateofcyclohexenewas，hasimportantapplicationvalueandacademicsignificance．Proposedbythispaperreferencesandexperimentalanalysis，theresearchpartofRucatalystforbenzenehydrogenationreactionadditivesystemaffectstheperformanceofcyclohexene．苯部分加氫制環(huán)己烯是化工領(lǐng)域中極其重要的反應(yīng)。本文采用浸漬-化學(xué)還原法制備了RuB/P25催化劑，考察了有機(jī)添加劑的種類(lèi)和用量對(duì)催化劑苯部分加氫性能的影響。結(jié)果表明，最佳有機(jī)添加劑為PEG20000，最佳用量為1.0g。在最佳反應(yīng)條件下，環(huán)己烯得率為44.4%，相應(yīng)選擇性為65.1%。修改Partialhydrogenationofbenzenetocyclohexeneisanimportantchemicalreaction.Inthispaper,wepreparedtheRuB/P25catalystsbywetnessimpregnation,followedbychemicalreduction.TheeffectsofthekindandamountoforganicadditivesonthecatalyticperformanceoftheRuB/P25catalystsinpartialhydrogenationofbenzenetocyclohexenewereinvestigated.ItisfoundthattheoptimumadditiveisPEG20000,andtheoptimumamountofPEG20000is1.0g.Undertheoptimumreactionconditions,thecyclohexeneyieldattainedto44.4%,withthecorrespondingselectivityof65.1%beingobtained.修改本論文主要研究了含Co納米復(fù)合金屬氧化物的制備及其對(duì)高氯酸銨(AP)熱分解的催化性能。以Co/Ni/Fe類(lèi)水滑石為前驅(qū)體，經(jīng)高溫焙燒制得Co/Ni/Fe納米復(fù)合金屬氧化物，采用X射線粉末衍射(XRD)、熱重分析(TGA)和透射電鏡(TEM)對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)、熱穩(wěn)定性及形貌進(jìn)行了表征，并通過(guò)差示量熱掃描分析(DSC)和TGA研究了含Co納米復(fù)合金屬氧化物對(duì)AP熱分解的催化性能。某同學(xué)畢業(yè)論文摘要

例3Thecobalt-containingnanoscalemixedmetaloxideswerepreparedandtheircatalyticbehavioronthermaldecompositionofAmmoniumPerchlorate(AP)wasinvestigated.Co/Ni/FenanoscalemixedmetaloxideswereobtainedbycalcinationofCo/Ni/Fehydrotalcitesprecursors.X-raypowderdiffraction(XRD),thermogravimetricanalysis(TGA)andtransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)wereusedtocharacterizetheir