進(jìn)群04六級聽力課程

Preface前 180分：英語六級進(jìn)階實戰(zhàn)寶典（講義版》。大四六級考試自2016年6月起，部分有了重大調(diào)整，難度進(jìn)一步提升，成為各位同學(xué)過級和沖刺高分的最大。為了幫助各位同學(xué)掃清，配合課程，特別推出“講義版”四六級180分。礎(chǔ)音、連規(guī)則講、音重及語等幾部，配合錄課程呈現(xiàn)給廣大考生，便于反復(fù)跟讀練習(xí)從而真正高的聽說能力而“分題型專精講練”分，各種型解角度發(fā)采取“播加”混合形式，手在考實戰(zhàn)的解步驟思，在能提升基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)一步幫助奪高分。相對于完整版《180分：英語六級進(jìn)階實戰(zhàn)寶典》而言，“講義版”的設(shè)計更加簡潔，每一部分練習(xí)配有試題部分、原文及答案速查，一目了然。對于基礎(chǔ)較弱和需要進(jìn)一步練習(xí)的同學(xué)而言，完整版《180分：英語六級進(jìn)階實戰(zhàn)寶典》中配有選項及對應(yīng)翻譯、原文及對應(yīng)翻譯、預(yù)覽解析和答案解析等，作了進(jìn)一步的詳細(xì)講解。另外完整版《180分：英語六級進(jìn)階實戰(zhàn)寶典》配有習(xí)題，供課后練習(xí)。老師建議大家在認(rèn)真完成“講義版”學(xué)習(xí)的同時可以自行選購“完整版”四六級180分，從而獲得更加全面、扎實的練習(xí)，以確保在 ContentChapter 大綱解讀?? 基礎(chǔ)語音知識精講精練? 分題型專項精講精練?第1節(jié)長部分講解及練習(xí) 第2節(jié)篇章部分講解及練習(xí)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????第3 后的講座 部分講解及練習(xí)???????????????????????????????????附 實訓(xùn)????????????????????????一、考試大六級考試中的理解部分是為了測試學(xué)生獲取口頭信息的能力。材料是用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的英式口音和美式口音朗讀的，語速約為每分鐘150詞。部分分值比例為35%，考試時間為30分鐘。二、試卷長28篇章27講座/310三、題型長有2篇，每篇為7～10輪和4個問題；長部分共8題。每篇均朗讀一遍，每個問題后留有13秒的答題時間。篇章有2篇，每篇長度為240～260詞，朗讀一遍，每篇3～4題，共7題，每個問題后留有13秒的答題時間。講座/部講座/有3篇，每篇長度為370～450詞，朗讀一遍，每篇3～4題，每個問題后留有13秒的答題時間。四、理解考核的語言技能要五、關(guān)于的2篇（3篇新增講座/（3篇除了取消短和復(fù)合式聽寫以外，六級考試最大的變化就是增加了講座/士）利用英語習(xí)得新知識的能力。講座/測試的意義在于，使學(xué)生在英語國家的大學(xué)課堂中仍能聽懂外國教師的英文授課內(nèi)容。講座/題型的設(shè)計更加接近于IBT托福考試中的lecture，命題設(shè)計也和托?？荚囀窒嗨啤Ｒ?、大考試中的單音難許多考生在考試中把此單詞聽成彼單詞，造成考試中的誤聽，導(dǎo)致失分。究其原因，不是因為考生的能力差，而是因為其口語發(fā)音不夠準(zhǔn)確。考生自己讀不準(zhǔn)，自然也就聽不對。所以，部分提高的第一步，就是考生要針對自己發(fā)音不精字母組合“th”和“th”字母組合相應(yīng)的一組清濁輔音是/θ/與/e，它們的共同特點是發(fā)音時都/w/v漢語中，尤其是在北方話中，/w/與/v/這兩個發(fā)音經(jīng)常混在一起，但不會產(chǎn)生語的。/w是半元音，發(fā)音時首先雙唇收圓，然后可以隨后面元音的不同而過渡到不同的口型；而/v/是摩擦音，發(fā)音時上齒接觸下唇，氣流通過時產(chǎn)生摩擦，無論同什么樣發(fā)音方式上的區(qū)別，并記住單詞里發(fā)這兩個音的字母分別為w和v，在朗讀時養(yǎng)成正字母“r字母“r”位于詞首的發(fā)音也學(xué)生發(fā)音的一點，主要原因是受漢語發(fā)音/au/的發(fā)音/au/的發(fā)音比較難，很多學(xué)生會把這個音同元音/a/的發(fā)音相，或者用漢語語音中的ao取代。用/au/這個音時，要從/a/過渡到/u/，兩個音都要讀得飽滿。/h/h/h/h/漢語“喝”的音。這樣讀是不對的，發(fā)/h/這個音的時候，氣流從肺部呼出，經(jīng)過聲門摩擦，聲帶不振動，非常輕，考試中經(jīng)常不發(fā)音，從而形成“擊穿”的語現(xiàn)象。/ln/的發(fā)音/l/是舌邊音，發(fā)音時氣流從口腔流過；發(fā)/n/音時，發(fā)音的氣流從鼻腔流過。另外，發(fā)這兩個音時，舌頭雖然都抵上顎，但/l接觸很快、很輕，而/n/要緊抵住不放。二、美式發(fā)音與英式發(fā)音在考試中的區(qū)大四、六級考試部分采用的是英式發(fā)音和美式發(fā)音混合在一起的語音模式，雙方一英、，交替出現(xiàn)，這給許多考生造成了巨大的聽音。其實，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)美式發(fā)音（GA）：GeneralAmerican英語中的元音/a:/在用于/f,θ,s/或鼻音前時，美語發(fā)音為/?/，其他情況發(fā)音不變，仍為/a/。/?/?/a//?變?yōu)槊朗桨l(fā)音/a/發(fā)音技巧與英式英語相同，例如，tight/tait/。而在詞中時，英式英語的讀法和詞首、詞尾一致，美式英語卻有兩種讀法，一種是音變成類似于/d/的彈舌音，另外一種是當(dāng)字母t+元音+鼻輔音時，字母t不再發(fā)音，我們稱之為鼻腔失爆。/hwwh/w/，美式英語讀/h/o前，都讀/h/。Chapter （及短語或從句）之間時，這個音只需讀一次。這種情形常發(fā)生在/p//b//t//d//k//g/等輔音出現(xiàn)的時候。輔音與輔音的失去指音失去。當(dāng)前面的單詞以/p///////////這六個音中的任何一個結(jié)尾，而緊隨其后的單詞是以輔音開頭的，這時前面單詞中的音會失去。讀法是在發(fā)音時只阻塞氣流卻不將之釋放，即只作口型不送氣。元音與元音的連讀實際上是在元音之間插入半元音/j/或/w/，從而使純元音在音/e/i結(jié)尾，緊隨其后的單詞以元音開頭，這時，在兩個單詞之間出現(xiàn)半元音/j/作為過渡。前面的單詞以/u//o/結(jié)尾，緊隨其后的單詞以元音開頭，這時，在兩個單詞之間出現(xiàn)半元音/w/作為過渡。四、重音、重讀與實義重節(jié)中，總有一個音節(jié)比其他的音節(jié)讀大一些，用的力量足一些，這個音節(jié)就是弱讀：語法詞（1）（2）在進(jìn)行語言表達(dá)時，人通常會在一句話中所要強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容上加大音量。即在句子中代表人所要強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容的單詞會被重讀，也就是通常所說的“強(qiáng)調(diào)什么，特殊疑問句一般也用降調(diào)。以疑問代詞who，whose，what，whichwhen，where，how，howmuch，howlong開頭的特殊很多中國學(xué)生升調(diào)讀或發(fā)音古怪，其根本原因在于沒有將重音讀準(zhǔn)，句子的一般疑問句需要用一個yesno用升調(diào)來問“Whatdidyousay?”或僅用“What?”即可。第1節(jié)長部分講解及練一、長的基本解題思聽音時注意把握第二句重心（偶數(shù)）原則；一般來說，正確答案往往出自對二、長專項練Hewantstosignalong-termHeisgoodatbothlanguageandHeprefersteachingtoadministrativeHeisundecidedastowhichjobtogo2.A)TheyhateTheyallplantostudyinTheyareallTheyaregoingtoworkin3.A)Dif?cultbut D)DemandingandM:Igottwolettersthismorningwithjoboffers,onefromthePolytechnic,andotherfromtheLanguageSchoolinPistoia,Italy.W:[1]Soyouarenotsurewhichtogofor?M:[1]That’sit.Ofcourse,theconditionsofworkareverydifferent:ThePolytechnicisofferingtwo-yearcontractwhichcouldberenewed,butthelanguageschoolisonlyofferingayear’scontract,andthat’sadifferentminus.Itcouldberenewed,butyouneverknow.W:Isee.Soit’smuchlesssecure.Butyoudon’tneedtothinktoomuchaboutsteadyjobswhenyouareonly23.M:That’sW:WhatabouttheM:Well,thePistoiajobpaysmuchbetterintheshortterm.I’llbegettingtheequivalentofabout￡22,000ayearthere,butonly￡20,000atthePolytechnic.Butthenthehoursaredifferent.AtthePolytechnicI’dhavetodo35hoursaweek,20teachingand15administration,whereasthePistoiaschoolisonlyaskingfor30hoursW:M:Thenthetypeofteachingissodifferent.[2]ThePolytechnicisalladultsandmostlypreparationforexamsliketheCambridge s.TheLanguageSchoolwantsmetodoabitofexampreparation,butalsoquitealotofworkincompaniesandfactories,andacoupleofchildren’sclasses,oh,andabitofliteratureteaching.W:[3]Well,thatsoundsmuchmorevariedandinteresting.AndI’dimagineyouwouldbengquitealotofteachingoutsidetheschool,andmovingaroundquiteabit.M:Yes,whereaswiththePolytechnicposition,I’dbestuckintheschoolallday.Q1.Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?Q2.WhatdowelearnaboutthestudentsattheQ3.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthejobatthelanguage1.D2.C3.A)Interviewingamovie B)Discussingteenagerole evision D)ReviewinganewA)Helosthis B)HewasunhappyinHemissedhis D)HehadtoattendschoolA)Hedeliveredpublic B)HegotseriouslyintoHehostedtalkshowson D)HeplayedaroleinEastofA)HemadenumerouspopularChapter HehaslongbeenalegendaryHewasbestatactinginHollywoodHewasthemostsuccessfulactorofhisW:[1]Goodeveningand etotonight’seditionofLegendaryLives.OursubjectthiseveningisJamesDean,actorandherofortheyoungpeopleofhistime.EdwardMurrayistheauthorofanewbiographyofDean.Goodevening,Edward.M:oW:Edward,luswhatyouknowaboutDean’searlyM:Hewasborninnain1931,buthisparentsmovedtoCaliforniawhenhewas?ve.[2]Hewasn’ttherelongthoughbecausehismotherpassedawayjustfouryearslater.James’fathersenthimbacktonaafterthattolivewithhisaunt.W:SohowdidhegetintoM:Well,?rstheactedinplaysathighschool;[3]thenhewenttocollegeinCaliforniawherehegotseriouslyintoacting.In1951hemovedtoNewYorktodomorestageacting.W:ThenwhendidhismoviecareerreallyM:1955.His?rststarringrolewasinEastofEden.Itwasfabulous.Deanbecameahugesuccess.Butthemoviethatreallymadehimfamouswashissecondone,RebelWithoutaCause,thatwasaboutteenagerswhofeltliketheydidn’t?tintosociety.W:SohowmanymoremoviesdidheM:Justonemore,thenhediedinthatcarcrashinCaliforniainW:Whatatragedy!Heonlymadethreemovies![4]Sowhatmadehimthelegendhestillistoday?M:WellIguesshislooks,hisactingability,hisshortlife,andmaybethetypeofcharacterheplayedinhismovies.ManyyoungpeoplesawhimasasymbolofAmericanQ1.WhatisthewomanQ2.WhydidJamesDeanmovebacktonawhenhewasyoung?Q3.Whatdoesthemansay2.A3.B4.三、長重點特A)Uniquedescriptive B)Goodknowledgeofreaders’ D)CarefulplottingandA)Apeaceful B)AspaciousTobeintheright D)TobeentirelyA)TheyrelyheavilyontheirownTheyhaveexperiencessimilartotheTheylookattheworldinadetachedTheyareoverwhelmedbytheirownW:Whenyouwriteanovel,doyouknowwhereyou’regoing,Dr.M:Yes,youmust,really,[1]ifyou’rewritingtheclassicaldetectivestory,becauseitmustbesocarefullyplottedandsocarefullyclued.Ihaveschemes.Ihavecharts.Ihavediagrams.Itdoesn’tmeantosaythatIalwaysgetitright,butIdoplanbeforeIbeginwriting.Butwhatissofascinatingishowabookchangesduringtheprocessofwriting.Itseemstomethatcreativewritingisaprocessofrevelation,really,ratherthanofcreativityintheordinarysense.W:Whenyou’replanningthebasicstructure,[2]doyouliketogoawaytobesurethatyou’rebyyourself?M:[2]Ineedtobebymyselfcertainly,absoluy.Ican’tevenbearanybodyelseinthehouse.Idon’tmindmuchwhereIamaslongasI’vegotenoughspacetowrite,butIneedtobecompleyalone.W:IsthatveryimportanttoM:Oh,yes.I’veneverbeenlonelyinallmylife.W:Howextraordinary!Never?M:No,W:You’reverylucky.Someoneoncesaidthatthere’sabitoficeattheheartofeveryM:Yes.Ithinkthisistrue.[3]Thewritercanstandasidefromexperienceandlookatit,watchithappening.Thereisthis“detaent”andIrealizethatthereareobviouslyexperienceswhichwouldoverwhelmeveryone.Butveryoften,awritercanappeartostandaside,andthisdetaentmakespeoplefeelthere’sabitoficeintheheart.Q1.WhatisthekeytowriteagoodclassicaldetectivestoryaccordingtotheChapter Q2.Whatdoesthemanmainlyneedwhenworkingonabook?Q3.Whatdoesthemansayaboutwriters?D2.D3.Goodorbad,theyaretheretoLikeitornot,youhavetouseBelieveitornot,theyhaveGainorlose,theyshouldbe2.A)Thefrequenttrain B)ThehightrainticketC)Thefoodsoldonthe D)ThemonopolyofBritish3.A)Thelowef?ciencyoftheirCompetitionfromothermodesofThepassingofthenewTransport4.A)Theywillbede- B)TheyprovideworseC)Theyarefast D)TheylosealotofW:Thereisanelementaboutcompetitionthen,isn’tthere?[1]BecauseBritishrailwaysareanationalizedindustry,there’sonlyonerailwaysysteminthecountry.Ifyoudon’tlikeaparticularkindofbigbeans,youcangoandbuyanother.Butifyoudon’tlikeaparticularrailway,youcan’tgoanduseanother.M:[2]Somepeoplewhowritetomesaythis.Theysaythatifyoudidn’thavemonopoly,youwouldn’tbeabletodothethingsyoudo.Well,Idon’tthinkwedoanythingdeliberaytoupsetourcustomers.Wehaveparticularproblems.Since1946,whentheTransportActcamein,wewerenationalized.W:Doyouthinkthat’sagoodthing?Hasitbeenagoodthingfortherailways,doyouthink,tobenationalized?M:OhIthinkso,yes.[3]Becauseingeneral,modesoftransportareallaround.Let’sfacethefact.Thecararrived.Thecarisheretostay.Thereisnoquestionaboutthat.W:Sowhatareyousayingthen?Isitiftherailwayshappenbeingnationalized,theywouldsimplyhavedisappeared?M:Oh,Ithinktheywouldhave.They’redisappearingfastinAmerica.[4]Er,theFrenchrailwayslose1billionpoundsayear.TheGermanrailways,2billionpoundsayear.Butyousee,thoseernmentsarepreparingtopourmoneyintothetransportsystemtokeepitgoing.W:Soinasense,youcopebetweentwoextremes.Ontheonehand,you’retryingnottolosetoomuchmoney.Andontheotherhand,you’vegottoprovidethebestservice.M:Yes,youareQ1.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutBritishQ2.Whatdosomepeoplewhowritetothemancomplainabout?Q3.Whatdoesthemansaythreatenstheexistenceofrailways?Q4.Whatdoesthemansayaboutrailwaysinothercountries?2.D3.B4.WesimplycannothelpreactinginstinctivelythatWewishtohideourindifferencetotheirWethinkitservesthemrightforbeingmeantoother2.A)TheywanttoshowtheirgenuineTheyhavehad alTheydon’tknowhowtocopewiththeTheydon’twanttorevealtheirownTheythemselveswouldliketodoitbutdon’tdareIt’sanopportunityforrelievingtheirIt’sararechanceforthemtoseethebossloseTheyhaveseenthismanytimesinold?A)Toirritate B)ToteachthemaTorelieveher D)ToshowherW:Youknow,I’veoftenwonderedwhypeoplelaughatthepictureofabigbellybusinessmansliponabananaskinandfallingonhisbottom.WearetofeelsorryforM:Actually,Laura,[1]Ithinkwelaughbecausewearegladitdidn’thappentous.Butofcoursethereisalsoakindofhumoroussatisfactioninseeingsomebodyself-importantmakingafoolofthemselves.W:Yes,andtherearealotofjokesaboutpeoplewhoaretoofatorChapter handicapped,youknow,deaf,orshort-sightedthingslikethat.Afterall,it’snotreallyfunnytobelikethat.M:Oh,[2]Ithinkthat’sbecausewe’reembarrassed.Wedon’tknowhowtocopewiththesituation.Perhapsweareevenabitfrightenedwemaygetlikethat,sowelaugh.M:WhataboutthecustardpieM:Youknow,inallthoseold?wheresomeonegetssooutragedwithhisboss,hepicksupacustardpieandplastersitallovertheother ’sface.W:Thatnevermakesmelaughmuch,becauseyoucanguesswhat’sgoingtohappen.Butalotofpeoplestill?nditlaughable.[3]Itmustbecauseofthesortofthethingwe’dalllovetodoonceinawhileandneverhavethecourageto.M:Ihadanoldauntwhousedtothrowcupsofteaatpeoplewhenshewasparticularlyirritated.[4]Shesaiditrelievedherfeelings.W:ItmusthavecomeabitM:Notreally.ShetookcarenevertothrowherbestQ1.Whydoesthemansaywelaughedwhenweseesomeself-importantpeoplemakingfoolofthemselves?Q2.WhydosomepeoplejokeaboutthosewhoarefatorhandicappedaccordingtotheQ3.Whydomanypeople?nditfunnytoseesomeonethrowingacustardpieontheirboss’sface?Q4.Whydoestheman’sauntsayshewoulddropcupsofteaatpeople2. 3.A4.2一、篇章的基本解題思 二、篇章中 10種位置。詞（5w+1h：why，what，when，where，who，how）出現(xiàn)的地方。總結(jié)性質(zhì)的詞匯處。總結(jié)性質(zhì)的詞匯有inbrief，inshort，allinall，generallyspeaking，conclude，conclusion，inaword，so，yousee，infact，wecansay，ok，anyway等。首段轉(zhuǎn)折處。如果在第一段中出現(xiàn)but，however，yet，instead，today之類轉(zhuǎn)折、對比的詞匯有although，though，eventhough，despite，inspiteof，however，but，yet，not…but…，instead，ontheotherhand，unexpected，unexpectedly，unfortunay，fortuna y等。因果關(guān)系（往往重因輕果）處。表示因果關(guān)系的詞匯有because，cause，for，as，since，bedueto，leadto，resultfrom，resultin，asaresult等。定義處。表示定義的表達(dá)有…beknownas，somethingcanbede?nedassomething；thatissocalled；wecallit；thede?nitionof…is等。三、篇章題型專項練PassagePassageWhetherwecandevelopsocialtiesontheWhetheradeletedphotoisimmediayremovedfromtheWhetherourblogscanberenewedChapter WhetherwecansetupourownThenumberofvisitstheyThewaytheystoreThe?lestheyhaveThemeanstheyusetoget3.A)Whenthesystemis B)WhennewlinksaresetC)WhentheURLis D)WhentheserverisIt’salwaysfuntowriteaboutresearchthatyoucanactuallytryoutforyourself.[1]Trythis:Takeaphotoanduploaditto,thenafteradayorso,notewhattheURLlinktothepictureisandthendeleteit.Comebackamonthlaterandseeifthelinkworks.Chancesare:Itisn’talonehere.ResearchersatCambridgeUniversityhavefoundthatnearlyhalfofthesocialnetworkingsitesdon’timmediaydeletepictureswhenauserrequeststheyberemoved.Ingeneral,photo-centricwebsiteslikeFlickrwerefoundtobebetteratquicklyremovingdeletedphotosuponrequest.Whydo“deleted”photosstickaroundsolong?Theproblemrelatestothewaydataisstoredonlargewebsites:While alcomputeronlykeepsonecopyoffile,large-scaleserviceslike relyonwhatarecalledcontentdeliverynetworkstomanagedataanddistribution.It’sacomplexsystemwhereindataiscopiedtomultipleintermediatedevices,usuallytospeedupaccessto?leswhenmillionsofpeoplearetryingtoaccesstheserviceatthesametime.Butbecausechangesaren’tre?ectedacrossthecontentdeliverynetworksimmediay,ghostcopiesof?lestendtolingerfordaysorweeks.Inthecaseof ,thecompanysaysdatamayhangarounduntiltheURLinquestionisreused,whichisusually“afterashortperiodoftime”,thoughobviouslythattimecanvaryconsiderably.Q1.WhatdoesthespeakeraskustotryQ2.WhataccountsforthefailureofsomewebsitestoremovephotosimmediaQ3.Whenwilltheunwanteddataeventuallydisappearfrom accordingtothe2.B3.PassagePassage1.A)SomeicedcoffeeshaveasmanycaloriesasahotIcedcoffeessoldbysomepopularchainsareDrinkingcoffeeafteramealismorelikelytocauseSomebrand-namecoffeescontainharmfulA)Havesomefresh B)ExerciseattheC)Takeahot D)EatahotA)TheycouldenjoyahappierfamilyTheycouldgreatlyimprovetheirworkManycancercasescouldbeManyembarrassingsituationscouldbeEnjoyinganicedcoffee?[1][2]Betterskipdinnerorhitthegymafterwards,withacancercharitywarningthatsomeicedcoffeescontainasmanycaloriesasahotdinner.TheWorldCancerResearchFund(WCRF)conductedasurveyoficedcoffeessoldbysomepopularchainsinBritainincludingStarbucks,CaffèNeroandCostaCoffeetogaugethecaloriesasstudiesincreasinglylinkobesitywithcancer.Theworstoffender—acoffeefromStarbucks—had561calories.Othericedcoffeescontainedmorethan450caloriesandthemajorityhadanexcessof200.Healthadvisethattheaveragewomanshouldconsumeabout2,000caloriesadayandamanabout2,500caloriestomaintainahealthyweight.Dietersaimfor1,000to1,500caloriesaday.“Thefactthatthereisanicedcoffeeonthemarketwithoveraquarterofawoman’sdailycaloriesallowanceisalarming,”Dr.RachelThompson,scienceprogrammemanageratLondon-basedWCRF,saidinawidely-reportedstatement.“Thisistheamountofcaloriesyoumightexpecttohaveinaneveningmeal,notina[3]TheWCRFhasestimatedthat19,000cancersayearinBritaincouldbepreventedifpeoplelosttheirexcessweightwithgrowingevidencethatexcessbodyfatincreasestheriskofvariouscancers.“Ifyouarehavingthesetypesofcoffeeregularlythentheywillincreasethechancesof ingoverweight,whichinturnincreasesyourriskofdevelocancer,aswellasotherdiseasessuchasheartdisease.”Sheadded.Q1.WhatwarningdidsomehealthexpertsQ2.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledoaftertheyhaveanicedQ3.WhatcouldBritishpeopleexpectiftheymaintain2. 3.Chapter 四、篇章題型重點特PassagePassageItcarriedpassengersleavinganAterroristforcedittolandonItcrashedwhenitwascirclingto18ofitspassengerssurvivedthe2.A)HewaskidnappedeightmonthsHefailedinhisnegotiationswiththeHewasassassinatedinCentralHelostlotsofmoneyinhisAfricanThemanagementandunionrepresentativesreachedanThetradeuniongaveupitsTheworkersonstrikewereall4.A) B) C) D)Thetimeis9o’clockandthisisMarianSnowwiththeTheGermanauthoritiesaresendinginvestigatorstodiscoverthecauseoftheplanecrashlateyesterdayontheislandofTenerife.[1]Theplane,aBoeing737,takingGermanholidaymakerstotheislandcrashedintoahillsideasitcircledwhilepreparingtoland.Theplanewascarrying180passengers.It’sthoughttherearenosurvivors.Rescueworkerswereatthescene.[2]TheBritishindustrialistJamesLouis,heldbykidnappersincentralAfricaforthepast8months,wasreleasedunharmedyesterday.Thekidnappershadbeendemanding1millionpoundsforthereleaseofMr.Louis.TheLondonBankandtheiragentswhohadbeennegotiatingwiththekidnappershavenotsaidwhetheranyamountofmoneyhasbeenpaid.The500UKmotorsworkerswhohadbeenonstrikeinHighTownforthepast3weekswentbacktoworkthismorning.[3]Thisfollowssuccessfultalksbetweenmanagementandunionrepresentatives,whichresultedinanewagreementonworkinghourandconditions.Aspokesmanforthemanagementsaidthey’dhopetheycouldnowgetbacktoproducingcars,andthattheylostlotsofmoneyandordersoverthisdispute.Andfinallytheweather.Afteracodestart,mostofthecountryshouldbewarmandsunny.[4]Buttowardslateafternoon,rainwillspreadfromScotlandtocovermostpartsbyQ1.WhatdoesthenewssayabouttheBoeing737plane?Q2.WhathappenedtoBritishindustrialistJamesLouis?Q3.Howdidthe3-weekstrikeinHighTownend?Q4.Whatkindofweatherwillbeexpectedbymidnightinmostpartsofthe2.A3.A4.PassagePassageSomeofthemhadonceexperiencedanMostofthemlackedinterestintheVeryfewofthemknewmuchaboutAcoupleofthemhadlistenedtoasimilarspeechBynotingwherethemostsevereearthquakeinU.S.historyBydescribingthedestructivepowerofByexplainingsomeessentialgeologicalA)InterrupthimwheneverhedetectedaFocusontheaccuracyofthelanguageheStophimwhenhehaddif?cultyWritedownanypointswherehecouldJuanLouis,ajuniorgeologymajor,decidedtogiveaninformativespeechabouthowearthquakesoccur.[1]Fromhisaudienceysishelearnedthatonly2or3ofhisclassmatesknewmuchofanythingaboutgeology.Juanrealizedthenthathemustpresenthisspeechatanelementarylevelandwithaminimumofscienti?clanguage.Ashepreparedthespeech,Juankeptaskinghimself,“HowcanImakethisclearandmeaningfultosomeonewhoknowsnothingaboutearthquakesorgeologicalprinciples?”[2]SincehewasintheMidwest,hedecidedtobeginbynotingthatthemostsevereearthquakeinAmericanhistorytookplacenotinCaliforniaorAlaskabutatNewMadrid,Missouriin1811.Ifsuchanearthquakehappenedtoday,itwouldbefeltfromtheRockyMountainstotheAtlanticOceanandwould?attenmostofthecitiesintheMississippivalley.That,he?gured,shouldgethisclassmates’attention.Throughoutthebodyofthespeech,Juandealtonlywiththebasicmechanicsoftheearthquakes,carefullyavoidtechnicalterms.Healsopreparedvisualaids,diagrammingphotoline,sohisclassmateswouldn’tgetconfused.[3]Tobeabsoluysafe,Juanaskedhisroommate,whowasnotageologymajor,tolistentothespeech.“StopChapter me,”hesaid,“anytimeIsaysomethingyoudon’tunderstand.”Juan’sroommatestoppedhimfourtimes.Andateachspot,Juanworkedoutawaytomakehispointmoreclearly.Finally,hehadaspeechthatwasinterestingandperfectlyunderstandabletohisaudience.Q1.WhatdidJuanLouislearnfromthe ysisofhisaudience?Q2.HowdidJuanLouisstarthisspeech?Q3.WhatdidJuanaskhisroommatetodowhenhewasmakinghistrial2. 3.PassagePassageA)ItwasinventedbyagroupoflanguageexpertsintheyearofItisalanguagethathasitsorigininancientItwascreatedtopromoteeconomicItisatoolofcommunicationamongspeakersofdifferentA)ItaimstomakeEsperantoaworkinglanguageintheU.IthasincreaseditspopularitywiththehelpoftheIthasencounteredincreasinglytougherIthassupportersfrommanycountriesintheA)Itisusedbyanumberofin?uentialscienceItiswidelytaughtatschoolsandinIthasarousedtheinterestofmanyyoungIthashadagreaterimpactinChinathaninanyother[1]Esperantoisanarti?ciallanguage,designedtoserveinternationallyasanauxiliarymeansofcommunicationamongspeakersofdifferentlanguages.ItwascreatedbyLudwigLazarZamenhof,apolishJewishdoctorspecializedineyediseases.Esperantowasfirstpresentedin1887.[2]Aninternationalmovementwaslaunchedtopromoteitsuse.Despiteargumentsanddisagreements,themovementhascontinuedto?ourishandhasmembersinmorethan80countries.Esperantoisusedinternationallyacrosslanguageboundariesbyatleast1millionpeople,particularlyinspecialized?elds.Itisusedin alcontexts,onradiobroadcastsandinanumberofpublicationsaswellasintranslationsofbothmodernworksandclassics.ItspopularityhasspreadfromEurope,botheastandwest,tosuchcountriesasBrazilandJapan.[3]Itis,however,inChinathatEsperantohashaditsgreatestimpact.Itistaughtinuniversitiesandusedinmanytranslations,ofteninscientificortechnologicalworks.ELPOPOLACHINIO,whichmeansfrompeople’sChina,it’samonthlymagazineinEsperantoandit’sreadworldwide.RadioBeijing’sEsperantoprogramisthemostpopularprograminEsperantointheworld.EsperantovocabularyisdrawnprimarilyfromLatin,theRoman’slanguages,EnglishandGerman.Spellingiscompleyregular.Asimpleandconsistentsetofendingsindicatesgrammaticalfunctionsofwords.Thusforexample,everynounendsin“o”,everyadjectiveconstructingnewwordsfromoldQ1.WhatdoesthespeakerlusaboutQ2.WhatissaidabouttheinternationalmovementtopromotetheuseofEsperanto?Q3.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutEsperantoinChina? 2.D3.第3 后的講座/部分講解及練講座/題與篇章題解題思路基本一致，唯一的區(qū)別就在于講座/講話部分更強(qiáng)調(diào)信息的記錄，故詳見“篇章部分講解及練習(xí)”中對篇章的基本解題 TheyareexhaustedbytheinformationTheyaretiredoftheconstantupdatingofTheyfeelproductsareupdatedfasterthanTheyhavedif?cultyinfollowinghigh-tech2.A)TheconstantupdatingoftheirThespeedofputtingthemontheThequalityoftheirnewThepaceofproduct B)ProductC)Placeof D)RadioChapter Arepeoplesufferingfromgadgetoverload?Aretheyexhaustedbytheconsumerequivalentofthebrainfatigue—informationoverload—thatiscausedbyconstantupdatesofdevicesandonlinemedia?[1]UnderwritersLaboratoriesissuedareportlastweekthatfound48%of“feelhigh-techmanufacturersbringnewproductstomarketfasterthanpeopleneedTherearetwopossibleexplanations.The?rstobviousoneisthatthepaceofinnovationistoofastforconsumers.Thesecondlessobviousoneisthat,infact,innovationistooslow.Thatis,thenewofferingscompaniesarepushingoutthedooreverysixmonthsorsoareme-tooproductsoroneswithjustacoupleofnewfeatures.Marketingschedules,notproductinnovation,aredrivingthecorporatetrain.[2]ManufacturersinAmericavalued“speedtoSaraGreenstein,UnderwritersLaboratories’chiefstrategyofficer,offeredherinterpretationofthesurveyresults,“Innovationistoofastonlyifcornersarecut.”Forthehigh-techsector,thereareafewotherinteresting?ndings.Consumersareconcernedaboutsafetyinhigh-techproductsthancategorieslikefreshandprocessed[3]Buttheirtopsafetyconcernsareemissionsandwirelessradiowaves.Manypeople,itseems,areuneasylivinginathickeningcloudofradiowavesfrommobilephonetowersandthegadgetstheycommunicatewith.Afindingthatwasabitsurprisingisthattoconsumers,theinnerpartsofhigh-techdevicesdoapparentlymatter.Some55%ofconsumers,accordingtothereport,saidtheyare“moreconcernedaboutwherehigh-techcomponentscamefromthanwheretheproductwasThereportdoesn’treallysayhowthatinformationwouldaffectconsumerbuyingdecisions.Itcouldbecomplicated.Manufacturingcompaniesonaveragerelyonmorethan35contractrsaroundtheworldtocreateasingleproduct.Thatnumberwouldbehigherforasmartphoneorlaptop.Butmaybesomesortofsupply-chainlabelingshowingwherepartscomefrominaproduct?“We’reworkingonit,”Ms.Greensteinsaid.Q1.Whatisthe?ndinginUnderwritersLaboratories’reportaboutmanyQ2.WhatdoAmericanbusinessesgiveprioritytowhenmarketingtheir2.B3.1.A)Job B)JobC)Improved D)Business2.A) B) D)TheyclearlyindicatehowhealthytheeconomyTheyprovidethepublicwiththelatestTheywarnofthestructuralproblemsintheTheyexcludethosewhohavestoppedlookingforaAsyouareprobablyaware,thelatestjobmarketsnewsisn’tgood:Unemploymentisstillmorethan9percent,andnewjobgrowthhasfallenclosetozero.That’sbadfortheeconomy,ofcourse.Anditmaybeespeciallydiscouragingifyouhappentobelookingforajoborhotochangecareersrightnow.Butitactuallyshouldn’tmattertoyounearlyasmuchasyouthink.That’sbecausejobgrowthnumbersdon’tmattertojobhuntersasmuchasjobturnoverdata.Afterall,existingjobsopenupeverydayduetopromotions,resignations,terminations,andretirements.(Yes,peopleareretiringeveninthiseconomy.)[1]Inbothgoodtimesandbad,turnovercreatesmoreopeningsthaneconomicgrowthdoes.EveninJuneof2007,whentheeconomywasstillmovingahead,jobgrowthwasonly132,000,whileturnoverwas4.7million!Andasitturnsout,eventoday—withjobgrowthnearzero—over4millionjobhuntersarebeinghiredeverymonth.Idon’tmeantoimplythatoveralljobgrowthdoesn’thaveanimpactonone’sabilitytolandajob.It’struethatiftotalemploymentwerehigher,itwouldmeanmorejobsforallofustochoosefrom(andcompetefor).Andit’struethattherearecurrentlymorepeopleapplyingforeachavailablejobopening,regardlessofwhetherit’sanewoneornot.Butwhatoftendistinguishesthosewholandjobsfromthosewhodon’tistheirabilitytostaymotivated.They’rewillingtodothehardworkofidentifyingtheirvaluableskills;becreativeaboutwhereandhowtolook;learnhowtopre