美麗中國(guó)(WildChina)第六集雙語(yǔ)對(duì)照文本字幕

PAGE16美麗中國(guó)（WildChina）第六集雙語(yǔ)對(duì)照文本字幕(2012-04-2108:03:44)美麗中國(guó)（WildChina）第六集潮汐更迭TidesofChange雙語(yǔ)對(duì)照文本字幕從東端的長(zhǎng)城起FromtheeasternendoftheGreatWall,中國(guó)的海岸跨度14,500公里China'scoastspans14,500kilometres并且擁有五千多年的歷史andmorethan5,000yearsofhistory.在這個(gè)方面顯示了Thisistheareawhichshowsthegreatestcontrast中國(guó)的過(guò)去和未來(lái)之間的差距betweenChina'spastanditsfuture.如今中國(guó)的東海岸線TodayChina'seasternseaboard有七億人口ishometo700millionpeople,居住在科技高速發(fā)展的沿海城市packedintosomeofthemostdazzlinghi-techcitiesonearth.然而這些擁擠的海岸仍然是野生動(dòng)物的一個(gè)重要財(cái)富Yetthesecrowdedshoresremainhugelyimportantforawealthofwildlife.現(xiàn)在古老的傳統(tǒng)漸漸被新的氣息所侵蝕Now,asancienttraditionsminglewithnewaspirations,那么在中國(guó)擁擠的海岸上還有野生動(dòng)物的活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所嗎isthereanyroomatallforwildlifeonChina'scrowdedshores?謹(jǐn)以此獻(xiàn)給我們多災(zāi)多難但美麗依舊的祖國(guó)Forourtroubledbutdrop-deadbeautifulmotherland在中國(guó)北方的扎龍自然保護(hù)區(qū)InnorthernChina'sZhalongNatureReserve,一對(duì)丹頂鶴正守望著它們的產(chǎn)卵領(lǐng)土apairofred-crownedcraneshavestakedouttheirnestingterritory在一個(gè)商業(yè)管理的蘆葦床殘株里inthestubbleofacommerciallymanagedreedbed.數(shù)百年來(lái)Forcenturies,craneshavebeenreveredinChina鶴被中國(guó)人視為長(zhǎng)壽的象征而備受尊崇assymbolsoflongevity.它們的雕像被放在皇帝的寶座旁TheirstatueswereplacednexttotheEmperor'sthrone.鶴因此而受到贊揚(yáng)Thecraneshavecausetocelebrate.幼鶴在困難時(shí)刻就象征著希望Thischickisasignofhopeindifficulttimes.丹頂鶴是世界上最瀕臨滅絕邊緣的物種之一Red-crownedcranesareoneoftheworld'smostendangeredspecies.在過(guò)去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)Overthelastcentury,中國(guó)失去了近一半的沿海濕地Chinahaslostnearlyhalfofitscoastalwetlands并且大多數(shù)改造地是為了造福人類而非野生動(dòng)物andmostofwhatremainsismanagedforthebenefitofpeople,notwildlife.從現(xiàn)在起的數(shù)個(gè)月Afewmonthsfromnow,幼鶴和它的家人將面臨一場(chǎng)往南方的大遷徙thischickanditsparentswillfacealongmigrationsouth來(lái)躲避北方的嚴(yán)冬toescapetheharshnorthernwinter.它們將沿著海岸向前Theirroutewilltakethemalongacoast然而這些海岸已經(jīng)受到人類活動(dòng)的巨大影響whichhasbeengreatlyaffectedbyhumanactivity.在它們的征途上Alongtheirjourney,thecraneswillbejoined將有成千上萬(wàn)其他鳥(niǎo)類加入遷徙大軍bymanythousandsofothermigratingbirds.它們遷徙的方向橫跨南渤海灣AllheadingsouthacrosstheBohaiGulf沿海岸的黃海和中國(guó)東海andalongtheshoresoftheYellowandEastChinaSeas,最遠(yuǎn)甚至抵達(dá)中國(guó)南海someevenreachingasfarastheSouthChinaSea尋找一個(gè)安全的冬季避難所insearchofasafewinterhaven.每年候鳥(niǎo)遷徙已持續(xù)了數(shù)千年之久Theannualbirdmigrationhasbeengoingonforthousandsofyears.在中國(guó)東北海岸的錦屏山HereatMountJinpingonChina'snortheastcoast,存留著人類thereissurprisingevidence曾長(zhǎng)期居住過(guò)的驚人遺跡thatpeoplehavelivedherealmostaslong.七千年前Seventhousandyearsago,少昊部落的成員雕刻下的神奇符號(hào)membersoftheShaoHaotribecarvedmagicalsymbols描繪出他們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹玫降闹匾韗epresentingsignificantelementsoftheirdailylives.這種巖石雕刻顯示出Thepetroglyphsshowwheatsheavesconnectedbylinestohumanfigures,中國(guó)第一個(gè)有記錄的耕種遺址thefirstknownrecordingsofcultivationinChina.因?yàn)槌Ｄ昴慷萌壶B(niǎo)遷徙的奇觀Familiarwiththespectacleofyearlybirdmigrations,少昊人選擇一只鳥(niǎo)的符號(hào)作為他們的圖騰theShaoHaopeoplechoseasymbolofabirdastheirtotem.錦屏山位于山東半島附近MountJinpingliesneartheShandongpeninsula,是候鳥(niǎo)的一個(gè)重要越冬場(chǎng)所animportantwinteringsiteformigrantbirds,即使在今天仍然有鳥(niǎo)群沿著這條海岸線前進(jìn)andeventodaytherearestillcommunitiesalongthiscoastline并且和當(dāng)?shù)氐镍B(niǎo)群保持著密切關(guān)系whoretainaspecialaffinitywiththeirlocalbirdlife.煙墩礁YandunJiaovillage,位于半島的東北岸onthenorth-easternshoreofthepeninsula,以其傳統(tǒng)特色的海藻覆頂建筑聞名于世isfamousforitstraditionalseaweed-thatchedcottages.在早春料峭的清晨Onachillymorninginearlyspring,屈夫婦在破曉時(shí)刻出來(lái)碰運(yùn)氣MrandMrsQuventureoutatfirstlight帶著海民的傳統(tǒng)工具——桶和小鏟armedwiththetraditionalseasideaccessoriesofbucketandspade.當(dāng)屈家人朝著港灣前進(jìn)AstheQusheaddownintotheharbour,一群被當(dāng)?shù)厝薬flockofwhooperswans,親切稱為“冬日天使”的大天鵝knownaffectionatelyhereas"winterangels",在海灣醒來(lái)arewakingoutinthebay.屈家和他們的鄰居在潮落的泥漿中TheQusandtheirneighbourssearchfortubeholes尋找管狀的孔inthemudatlowtide,那里意味著有扇貝或竹蟶深藏在泥底thesignofcocklesandrazorshellshiddendeepbelow.收集貝克是頗為流行的消遣Whilegatheringshellfishisapopularpastime,當(dāng)?shù)厝艘猿龊橹饕獱I(yíng)生themainbusinessofYandunJiaohappensfurtheroutatsea.當(dāng)老屈站在啟程船只的甲板上Astheboatssetout,withMrQuonboard,天鵝并肩掠過(guò)theswanssetaparallelcourse.整個(gè)海灣是一個(gè)巨型海藻農(nóng)場(chǎng)Thewholeofthebayisagiganticseaweedfarm.人們整天忙于清理和照料海藻葉Themenworkalldaycleaningandtendingthekelpfronds海藻長(zhǎng)在巨大浮標(biāo)艦隊(duì)互相連接的繩子上thataregrownonropeslinkedtoavastarmadaofbuoys.天鵝只吃長(zhǎng)在繩子表面的本地海藻Theswanseatnativeseaweedsgrowingonthesurfaceropes而非更有價(jià)值的產(chǎn)物ratherthanthevaluablecropofkelp,所以它們無(wú)損經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的生長(zhǎng)sotheydonoharmtothecommercialoperation.下午當(dāng)風(fēng)在海上生起Intheafternoon,asthewindpicksupoutatsea,工人和天鵝退回岸邊theworkersandswansreturntoshore.當(dāng)追求與自然和諧的文化Whilethecultureofseekingbalancewithnature歷經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)路回歸中國(guó)的時(shí)候goesbackalongwayinChina,在中國(guó)擁擠的海岸線很難看到如此和諧的人地關(guān)系itisraretoseesuchharmoniousrelationshipsonChina'scrowdedcoast.當(dāng)夜晚降臨Aseveningdrawson,屈家人準(zhǔn)備了扇貝theQufamilypreparetheireveningmealofcockles,饅頭和海藻做為晚膳steamedbreadandseaweed.孩子們談話聲(KIDSCHATTERING)剩菜被村里的孩子們用來(lái)喂天鵝Leftoversaregiventothevillagechildrentofeedtheswans.這給孩子和村民帶來(lái)許多樂(lè)趣It'sfunforthekidsandprovides并未鳥(niǎo)兒們度過(guò)寒夜提供了能量補(bǔ)給anextraenergyboostforthebirdsastheyfaceanothercoldnight.天鵝已經(jīng)利用這個(gè)庇護(hù)港Theswanshavebeenusingthisshelteredbay作為冬天的過(guò)冬地atasawinterrefugeformanygenerations.只要敬重自然的傳統(tǒng)還在Aslongasthetraditionofrespectfornaturepersists,煙墩礁的村民和“冬日天使”間的thisremarkableassociationbetweentheYandunJiaocommunity奇妙友誼就會(huì)持續(xù)下去andtheirwinterangelslookssettocontinue.在渤海灣天鵝村的最東北處OutintheBohaiGulf,northeastoftheswanvillage,一座小小的巖島為遷徙的鳥(niǎo)兒提供了安靜的歇腳地asmallrockyislandprovidesaquietrestingspotformigratingbirds.但是蛇島亦潛伏著危險(xiǎn)ButShedaoIslandhashiddendangers.由于海平面上升蝮蛇已被困在這座島上6000余年P(guān)allas'pitviperstrappedhere6,000yearsagobyrisingsealevels這已演化成一種險(xiǎn)惡的生存方式haveevolvedasinisterlifestyle.每年有10個(gè)月For10monthsoftheyear島上沒(méi)有任何食物thereisnothingsubstantialtoeatontheisland,因此爬行類動(dòng)物保持靜止以保存體力sothereptilesconservetheirenergybybarelymovingatall.鳥(niǎo)群鳴叫(BIRDSCAWING)當(dāng)陽(yáng)光使它們的巖石家園變暖Asthesunwarmstheirrockyhome,這些蛇便爬進(jìn)灌木樹(shù)叢thesnakesclimbupintothebushesandtrees.但是它們不是來(lái)這曬日光浴的Buttheyaren'theretosunbathe.越來(lái)越多的毒蛇出現(xiàn)了Moreandmorevipersappear事實(shí)上毒蛇占據(jù)了幾乎所有棲息地untilvirtuallyeveryperchwhereabirdmightland等著鳥(niǎo)們上鉤hasbeenbooby-trapped.“守獵”游戲開(kāi)始了Thenthewaitinggamebegins.蛇隱藏得很好Theserpents'camouflageisremarkable,但是蛇攻擊鳥(niǎo)的時(shí)候butsoarethebirds'reactions,鳥(niǎo)的反應(yīng)同樣迅速asthishigh-speedshotreveals.鳥(niǎo)群只在島上停留幾周Thebirdswillonlystayontheislandforacoupleofweeks.但是盡管蛇已經(jīng)餓了幾個(gè)月了Butalthoughthesnakeshavebeenstarvingformonths,但是它們實(shí)現(xiàn)飽餐一頓心愿的途徑theironlyhopeofbaggingamealistobepatient只能是潛藏起來(lái)耐心等待andsittight.即便最微小的失誤Theslightestmiscalculation也會(huì)導(dǎo)致狩獵的失敗andthesnakeisleftwithamouthfuloffeathers.蛇只能通過(guò)嗅覺(jué)尋找失去的美味Thedroppedmealistrackeddownmainlybysmell,毒蛇用分叉的舌頭theviperusingitsforkedtongue分辨空氣來(lái)靠近追逐的獵物totastetheairuntilitiscloseenoughtoseeitsquarry.最后的挑戰(zhàn)是吞下自己頭部?jī)杀洞值氖澄颰hefinalchallengeistoswallowamealthat'stwicethesizeofitshead.蛇能讓下巴脫臼并合理安排食物的方向Itdoessobydislocatingitsjawsandpositioningitsprey使鳥(niǎo)嘴指向后邊sothebeakispointingbackwards.對(duì)于爬蟲(chóng)來(lái)說(shuō)，充足的時(shí)間也很短暫Forthereptiles,thistimeofplentyisalltoobrief.再過(guò)幾個(gè)星期，遷移就要結(jié)束了Inacoupleofweeks,themigrationwillbeover鳥(niǎo)群會(huì)繼續(xù)前進(jìn)andthebirdswillhavemovedon.這可能是蛇六個(gè)月中的最后一餐Thiscouldbethesnake'slastmealforsixmonths.但是并不是島上會(huì)經(jīng)歷Butitisn'tjustislands盛宴和饑饉的循環(huán)thatexperiencecyclesoffeastandfamine.海也有季節(jié)變化Thesea,too,hasitsseasons,沿岸的漁民都知道這個(gè)變化afactwellknowntofishingcommunitiesalongtheneighbouringcoasts.在初望港InChuwangharbour,盛大的聚會(huì)是新汛期開(kāi)始的證明thestartofanewfishingseasonprovidestheexcuseforamassiveparty.但是對(duì)于船主老趙來(lái)說(shuō)ButforboatownerMrZhao,既有慶祝又有祈禱it'sadayofprayeraswellascelebration.老趙希望通過(guò)祭祀海神Zhaohopesthatbypresentinggiftsandshowingrespecttotheseagoddess,來(lái)確保他們來(lái)年捕魚(yú)hecanhelpensureaprosperousandsafeyearahead順利安全forhimandhiscrew.同時(shí)鼓聲爆竹反映了古人的信念Meanwhile,drums,firecrackersandfireworksreflecttheancientbelief古人認(rèn)為嘈雜巨響能驅(qū)趕海怪和壞運(yùn)氣thatloudnoiseswillfrightenoffdangerousseadevilsandbadfortune.臺(tái)子中間的那個(gè)是海龍的象征Occupyingcentrestageisarepresentationoftheseadragon,傳說(shuō)海龍控制著水和天氣mythicalrulerofwaterandweather.夜晚風(fēng)平浪靜Inthecalmoftheevening,趙先生和家人點(diǎn)亮了紙船燈籠MrZhaoandhisfamilylightpaperboatlanterns.每一個(gè)閃爍的火焰帶著一個(gè)愿望飄向海神Eachflickeringflamecarriesawishtotheseagoddess,這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)世代傳遞著atraditionpassedonfromparentstochildrenovercountlessgenerations.在中國(guó)擁擠的海岸線上OnChina'scrowdedcoasts,漁民們必須非常機(jī)敏fishermenneedtobeextremelyresourceful.收漁網(wǎng)是一項(xiàng)繁重的工作Haulinginthenetsishardwork,目前為止還沒(méi)有看到魚(yú)andsofarthere'snotafishinsight.只有海蜇Onlyjellyfish.每年無(wú)數(shù)的海蜇Eachyear,millionsofjellyfish被渤海灣的水流帶到南方arecarriedsouthwiththecurrentsintheBohaiGulf.這種現(xiàn)象的生態(tài)學(xué)原因很復(fù)雜Theecologicalstorybehindthiseventiscomplex,但決不是中國(guó)特有的butbynomeansuniquetoChina.海蜇是快速繁殖的浮游生物的食物Jellyfisharefast-breedingplanktonfeeders.近些年來(lái)人類污水和精耕細(xì)作使用的化肥Inrecentyears,humansewageandfertilisersfromintensivefarming增大了海灣的浮游生物繁殖速度haveincreasedplanktonbloomsintheGulf,提供了豐富的海蜇食物providingextrajellyfishfood.由于過(guò)度捕魚(yú)海蜇的敵人和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者少了Whileover-fishinghasreducedtheirenemiesandcompetitors.這種現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)It'saphenomenonthathasbecomeincreasinglywidespread在全球蔓延acrosstheworld'sseas.然而別的地方認(rèn)為是個(gè)問(wèn)題However,whatisseenelsewhereasaproblem,在中國(guó)卻被當(dāng)成機(jī)會(huì)inChinaisperceivedasanopportunity.岸上Backonshore,四輪車載著海蜇到附近的大商店里mulecartstransportthejellyfishtonearbywarehouses在那里處理后銷往全國(guó)wheretheywillbeprocessedandsoldasfoodalloverChina.四代人正在飽餐一碗海蜇片F(xiàn)ourgenerationstuckintoabowlofslicedjellyfish,這道菜可以延年益壽therecipeforalongandhealthylife.離開(kāi)了渤海灣LeavingtheBohaiGulfbehind,遷徙的鶴群migratingcranes,篦鷺和鴨子里邊加入了其他鳥(niǎo)類spoonbillsandducksarejoinedbyotherbirds,它們都飛向南方尋找安全的冬天棲息地allheadingsouthinsearchofasafewinterhaven.鳥(niǎo)群的遷徙路線順著黃海Thebirds'migrationroutefollowsthecoastoftheYellowSea一路朝向江蘇省downintoJiangsuProvince,那里有肥沃的農(nóng)業(yè)風(fēng)景afertileagriculturallandscape有中國(guó)最后存留的鹽沼澤地withsomeofthelastremainingsaltmarshesinChina.大豐AtDafeng,一小塊鹽沼澤的就是一只幸存動(dòng)物的家園asmallsaltmarshreserveishometoananimalwhichisluckytobealive.中國(guó)人認(rèn)為麋鹿是奇怪復(fù)雜的動(dòng)物TheChineseseetheseMiluasacuriouscompositeanimal,有像馬一樣的頭withahorse'shead,牛一樣的腳cow'sfeet,驢一樣的尾巴ataillikeadonkey朝向后邊的鹿角andbackwards-facingantlers.在西方自從第一個(gè)歐洲人IntheWest,weknowitasDavid'sDeer,叫它麋鹿以后我們也這樣叫了afterthefirstEuropeantodescribeit.在發(fā)情期Duringtherut,雄鹿用植物的花環(huán)來(lái)裝飾自己stagsdecoratethemselveswithgarlandsofvegetation這些東西是用鹿角弄的collectedintheirantlers.激烈的戰(zhàn)斗決定誰(shuí)擁有交配權(quán)Fiercebattlesdecidematingrights.雌鹿仍然帶著去年的幼鹿Thefemalesstillhavelastyear'sfawnsintow.母鹿在發(fā)情期也沒(méi)有給幼鹿斷奶Theyhaven'tbeenweanedbythetimeoftherut幼鹿聚在一起andbandtogetherinlargecrhes,只回到自己母親那里喂食onlyreturningtotheirmotherstofeed.這種特殊的行為有助于幫助它們記清楚好斗的雄鹿Thisuniquebehaviourhelpstokeepthemclearoftheaggressivemales.現(xiàn)在中國(guó)僅存2500頭麋鹿了Today,therearejust2,500MiluinChina,很明顯如果再多也很有限butitisremarkablethatthereareanyatall.在20世紀(jì)初期野外的麋鹿瀕臨滅絕Intheearly1900sMilubecameextinctinthewild,幸運(yùn)的是一些良種鹿群被當(dāng)作禮物送到了歐洲butluckily,someoftheImperialherdhadbeensentasagifttoEurope.那些在英格蘭WoburnAbbey的麋鹿繁衍了下來(lái)ThoseatWoburnAbbey,inEngland,prospered.20世紀(jì)80年代40頭鹿被送回了故鄉(xiāng)Andintheearly1980s,40ofthedeerwerereturnedtotheirhomeland它們?cè)谀抢锢^續(xù)繁衍生息wheretheycontinuetothrive.遷徙的鶴群至今已經(jīng)Themigratingcraneshavesofartravelled順著海岸向南飛行了兩千多公里了over2,000kilometressouthwardsalongthecoast.經(jīng)過(guò)了大豐的麋鹿預(yù)留區(qū)PassingtheMiluDeerReserveatDafeng,它們接近了另一個(gè)鹽沼澤地theyareapproachinganothersaltmarsh那里給它們過(guò)冬提供了極好的條件whichwillprovidetheperfectconditionsforthemtospendthewinter.鹽城，中國(guó)最大的沿海濕地ThisisYancheng,thelargestcoastalwetlandinChina,每年估計(jì)有三百萬(wàn)鳥(niǎo)拜訪這里visitedbyanestimatedthreemillionbirdseachyear.(嘎嘎的叫聲）(SQUAWKING)剛出生七個(gè)月的幼鶴Cranechicksthatwereonlybornsevenmonthsago完成了第一次來(lái)回旅行havenowcompletedthefirstlegofaroundtrip它們將會(huì)每年重復(fù)這樣whichtheywillrepeateveryyear.堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的鶴群能應(yīng)付冬天的溫度Thehardycranescancopewithwintertemperatures溫度可能降到零度以下whichmaydropbelowfreezing.但是其他遷徙的鳥(niǎo)類比如瀕臨滅絕的黑面篦鷺However,othermigratingbirds,liketheendangeredblack-facedspoonbill,就沒(méi)有那么耐寒a(chǎn)relesscold-tolerant它們將要繼續(xù)南飛尋找更溫暖的氣候andwillcontinueevenfurthersouthinsearchofwarmerclimes.(嘎嘎的叫聲）(SQUAWKING)在這里許多遷徙的鳥(niǎo)群Atthispoint,manyofthemigratingbirdflocks勉強(qiáng)達(dá)到了它們南飛旅程的一半arebarelyhalfwayalongtheirsouthwardjourney.在它們前面還有新的挑戰(zhàn)Aheadofthemliesanewchallenge,中國(guó)最偉大的河——長(zhǎng)江China'sgreatestriver,theYangtze,是許多種類遷徙物種的聚集地andthevenueforaverydifferentkindofmigration.每年上百萬(wàn)噸的貨物往來(lái)江面Eachyear,millionsoftonsofcargotravelupanddowntheriver,使這里成了世界上最繁忙的航路之一makingthisoneofthebusiestwaterwaysintheworld.這些是中華絨蝥蟹TheseareChinesemittencrabs,因它們長(zhǎng)毛爪子得名namedfortheirstrangehairyclaws.它們可以遷移長(zhǎng)達(dá)1500公里Theymaymigrateasmuchas1,500kilometres從支流和湖泊一直到河口fromtributariesandlakestotherivermouth,他們?cè)谀抢锓敝澈蟠鷚heretheygathertobreed.中華鱘也有相似的遷徙AsimilarmigrationismadebythegiantYangtzesturgeon,中華鱘能長(zhǎng)到4米長(zhǎng)半噸重whichcanreachfourmetreslongandweighhalfaton.近些年來(lái)它們的數(shù)量驟減Inrecentyears,itsnumbershavedeclineddramatically這是由于它們的遷徙被越來(lái)越多的河壩阻擋了asitsmigrationisimpededbyevermoreriverdams.但是不僅中華鱘有這樣的境遇Butitisn'tjustanimalslikethesturgeonthatareintrouble,整個(gè)長(zhǎng)江的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)都遭到了破壞theentireYangtzeRiverecosystemisbeingpoisoned.雖然有顯耀的清理計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目Inspiteofbeingthesubjectofanambitiousclean-upplan,估計(jì)長(zhǎng)江是最大的todaytheriverisreckonedtobethebiggest污染太平洋的單向水源singlesourceofpollutionenteringthePacificOcean.坐落于長(zhǎng)江入?？诘腟ituatedrightatthemouthofitsestuary,崇明島為遷徙的濱鳥(niǎo)ChongmingIslandprovidesavitalrestingandfeedingspot提供了重要的休養(yǎng)生息的地方formigratingshorebirds,人們對(duì)長(zhǎng)江流域的野生動(dòng)物的態(tài)度不斷轉(zhuǎn)變andaplacewhichofferswelcomeevidence這個(gè)地方也是個(gè)很好的證明ofchangingattitudestowardstheYangtze'sbeleagueredwildlife.幾個(gè)世紀(jì)里這些沿岸泥灘一直吸引許多捕獵者Forcenturiesthesecoastalmudflatshaveattractedhunters,就像金先生一樣likeMrJin,他們不斷地改善捕獵技巧whohavehonedtheirtrappingskillstoperfection捕獲稀有鳥(niǎo)類供上海有錢人食用toputrarebirdsonthetablesofShanghai'selite.40年里金先生一直用一張網(wǎng)For40yearsMrJinhasusedanet,簡(jiǎn)單的誘鳥(niǎo)和一只竹笛simpledecoybirdsandabamboowhistle來(lái)誘惑經(jīng)過(guò)的鳥(niǎo)到他的網(wǎng)里tolurepassingbirdstowardshisnets.(笛聲)(WHISTLING)這需要耐心和高超的技巧Ittakesbothpatienceandconsummateskill.但是事情并不總是這樣Butallisnotasitseems.像其他許多最好的自然保護(hù)者一樣MrJin,likemanyofthebestconservationists,金先生現(xiàn)在由偷獵者變?yōu)榱丝醋o(hù)者ispoacherturnedgamekeeper,使用他捕獵技藝來(lái)保護(hù)他原先的獵物usinghishuntingskillstobenefithisoldquarry.在東潭鳥(niǎo)類保護(hù)基地里ThestaffhereatDongtanBirdReserve人們將給這些捕獲的鳥(niǎo)測(cè)量帶環(huán)稱重willmeasure,ringandweighthetrappedbirds然后把它們釋放beforereleasingthemunharmed.由金先生和他的同事們收集的這些信息TheinformationgatheredbyMrJinandhiscolleagues幫助保護(hù)了200多個(gè)不同的鳥(niǎo)類helpstoprotectover200differentspeciesofbirds這些鳥(niǎo)類每年都要來(lái)到這個(gè)島嶼whichvisittheislandeachyear.在崇明島正南端JustsouthofChongmingIsland是中國(guó)最大的海邊城市——上海liesChina'slargestcoastalcity,Shanghai.上海處于一條河流生物和鳥(niǎo)類遷徙的路徑上Situatedonamajormigrationrouteforbirdsaswellasriverlife,現(xiàn)在它正進(jìn)行一個(gè)更大的侵襲動(dòng)作Shanghaiisnowpreparingforanevenbiggerinvasion.滿載著建筑材料的駁船不停的到達(dá)這個(gè)城市的碼頭Bargesloadedwithbuildingmaterialsconstantlyarriveinthecity'sdocks,來(lái)滿足這個(gè)世界最繁忙建設(shè)之一的需要feedingoneofthegreatestconstructionboomsintheworld.去年全世界一半的水泥都運(yùn)往中國(guó)的各個(gè)城市Lastyear,halftheworld'sconcretewaspouredintoChina'scities,這些都是為了人類歷史上最大規(guī)模的allinpreparationforthebiggestmassmigrationofpeople人口遷移做準(zhǔn)備inthehistoryoftheworld.在未來(lái)25年里預(yù)計(jì)有超過(guò)3億中國(guó)人Inthenext25years,wellover300millionpeople將從中國(guó)農(nóng)村遷移到城市例如上海arepredictedtomovefromruralChinaintocitieslikeShanghai.從農(nóng)村到城市的人類遷移Themigrationofpeoplefromcountrytocity在全世界各地都可以看到isbeingmirroredaroundtheworld,andby2010到2010年超過(guò)一半的世界人口將成為城市居住者overhalfoftheworld'spopulationwillbeurbandwellers.當(dāng)夜晚來(lái)臨時(shí)上海就會(huì)揭示它的本色Asnightfalls,Shanghairevealsitstruecolours.這是中國(guó)最快增長(zhǎng)的金融中心China'sfastest-growingfinancialcentre是這個(gè)巨大繁榮的中心isinthemidstofamassiveboom.其人口估計(jì)超過(guò)2千萬(wàn)Withanestimatedpopulationofmorethan20million,上海無(wú)疑是中國(guó)最大ShanghaiisofficiallyChina'slargest也是最耀眼的城市andcertainlyitsmostdazzlingcity.但他的輝煌背后存在著環(huán)境代價(jià)Butthereisanenvironmentalcost.上海居民使用的電力是Shanghairesidentsnowusetwoandahalftimesmorepowerperhead郊區(qū)居民的2.5倍thantheirruralcousins.這個(gè)城市近乎貪得無(wú)厭的能源需求Thecity'sseeminglyinsatiableenergydemands得需要17個(gè)電廠來(lái)提供滿足currentlyrequiretheoutputof17powerstations.上海往南城市燈光逐漸暗淡SouthofShanghaithecitylightsgraduallyfade好象我們進(jìn)入了一個(gè)古老的世界asweenteranancientworld.這是福建省ThisisFujianProvince,一個(gè)崎嶇的地域aruggedterrain由于花崗巖大山的護(hù)衛(wèi)guardedbysheergranitemountainswhichhavehelpedtoforgeandpreserve使得一些中國(guó)最古老的遺址和傳統(tǒng)文化得以穩(wěn)固并保存someofChina'smostancientsitesandtraditionalcultures.遠(yuǎn)高出海邊地帶坐落著1400米高的太姥山Toweringabovethecoast,the1,400-metre-highTaimuMountains是中國(guó)人熟識(shí)的“海上仙都”areknowntotheChineseas"FairylandontheSea".潮濕的海風(fēng)在寒冷的山頂凝聚Moistseabreezescondenseonthecoolmountaintops并與排水良好的酸性土壤結(jié)合andcombinewithwell-drainedacidsoils便形成了完美的種植環(huán)境toproducetheperfectgrowingconditions適合喜酸性的植物——例如野杜鵑foracid-lovingplantslikewildazaleas.也合適生長(zhǎng)山茶It'salsohometocamellias,includingthemostfamousofall,包括最著名的茶樹(shù)種植theteaplant.沿著福建沿海一帶的類似種植環(huán)境SimilargrowingconditionsallalongtheFujiancoast使得中國(guó)茶葉獨(dú)享其尊makethisthetreasurechestforChina'stea,其茶產(chǎn)業(yè)遠(yuǎn)可源自4000多年前theheartofanindustrydatingbackalmost4,000years.這個(gè)地區(qū)最傳統(tǒng)的茶樹(shù)栽培文化Oneofthemosttraditionaltea-growingculturesinthearea當(dāng)數(shù)這里的客家人沿襲的isthatoftheKejiapeople.每天清晨山羊被放養(yǎng)在這些茶樹(shù)梯田間Everymorning,goatsareletlooseamongtheteaterraces,這是個(gè)歷史悠久的傳統(tǒng)acenturies-oldtradition.看起來(lái)好象很奇怪讓這些Thismightseemsurprisinggivengoats'reputation山羊去吃這些綠色的植物foreatinganythinggreen,不過(guò)茶樹(shù)并不像看上去那樣毫無(wú)設(shè)防butteaisn'tasdefencelessasitlooks.茶葉中存在刺激性的化學(xué)成分Tealeavesareloadedwithbitterchemicals以驅(qū)走啃食的動(dòng)物designedtorepelbrowsinganimals.這對(duì)山羊很有效Itworksonthegoats,它們只是吃光茶樹(shù)外的雜草wholeavetheteauntouchedandinsteadeatuptheweeds,它們的糞便恰好茶樹(shù)供給了養(yǎng)分fertilisingtheteaplantswiththeirdroppings.驚訝的是我們?nèi)祟怲hesurpriseisthatwehumans卻還沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣刺激性的化學(xué)雞尾酒shouldfindthesamebitterchemicalcocktail以便讓人類根本不敢染指utterlyirresistible.對(duì)客家人而言種植茶樹(shù)是家族事業(yè)AmongtheKejiapeople,tea-growingisafamilybusiness.女人們采摘男人門加工打包Womendothepicking,whilethemenprocessandpackit.張女士是一名客家家族的成員MrsZhangbelongstoaKejiafamily她們家族在這片同樣的茶園thathaslivedandworkedforgenerations生活勞作了數(shù)個(gè)世代amongthesesameteaterraces.最精良的茶葉需要在溫暖的陽(yáng)光里快速采摘Thefinestteaneedstobegatheredquicklyinwarmsunshine這樣可以讓茶葉保留有茶油的香味asthisbringsouttheflavour-enhancingoilsinsidetheleaves.這個(gè)可持續(xù)的產(chǎn)業(yè)使得中國(guó)最精美的地形之一ThissustainableindustryhasprotectedoneofChina'sfinestlandscapes和最傳統(tǒng)文化之一得以保存下來(lái)andoneofitsmosttraditionalcultures.在早上采摘之后Attheendofthemorning'spicking,張女士把茶葉帶回家以待加工MrsZhangreturnshometodropoffherteareadyforprocessing.這個(gè)城堡式樣的建筑在過(guò)去Thisfort-likedesignhassurvivedfromatime客家人得以從與敵對(duì)的當(dāng)?shù)夭柯鋭?shì)力whentheKejianeededtoprotectthemselves斗爭(zhēng)中幸存下來(lái)againsthostilelocaltribes.每個(gè)房子有3到4層Eachhousehasthreeorfourlevels以適合50到250人居住designedtoaccommodate50to250people.最底層是廚房和家畜使用Thegroundfloorhousesthekitchensandanimalstock同時(shí)有一條通道通向水井取水withaccesstoawellforwater.第一層房間用作儲(chǔ)藏Thefirstfloorroomsareusedforstorage第二層作為寢居andtheupperfloorsarebedrooms.這一些很非凡的建筑已有800多年歷史了Someoftheseremarkablebuildingsare800yearsold經(jīng)歷了地震和臺(tái)風(fēng)并完整的保存了下來(lái)andhavesurvivedearthquakesandtyphoons.當(dāng)收集一定數(shù)量茶葉時(shí)下一步加工開(kāi)始了Onceenoughteahasbeengatheredin,theprocessingbegins.把綠色茶葉變?yōu)槭袌?chǎng)銷售的茶葉Turninggreenleavesintosaleabletea最少包含8個(gè)步驟involvesatleasteightdifferentstages,包括干燥捻細(xì)篩擠壓和扭擰includingdrying,bruising,sifting,squeezingandtwisting,這些都是成品打包前必須的步驟beforethefinishedproductisfinallyreadyforpacking.張女士的村莊出產(chǎn)“小黑龍”茶TheZhang'svillageproduces"littleblackdragon",即——烏龍茶oroolongtea,其稱呼源于沖泡茶葉時(shí)socalledbecauseofthewayitstwistedleavesunfurl那宛如蟠龍舒展的姿態(tài)whenwaterispouredoverthem.茶在客家人生活中占據(jù)著重要地位TeaplaysavitalpartinKejialife,既是一個(gè)收入來(lái)源也是一種迎賓之道notonlyasasourceofincome,butalsoasawaytowelcomevisitors它將人們聯(lián)系在一起andbringpeopletogether.在中國(guó)人傳統(tǒng)生活中IntraditionalChineselife,即使最簡(jiǎn)單的一杯茶也被賦以復(fù)雜的儀式eventhesimplestcupofteaispouredwithanintricateamountofritual.在過(guò)去Inthepast,客家人的其他主要收入來(lái)自運(yùn)送像茶葉一樣的貨物theKejiapeople'sothermainincomecamefromtransportinggoodsliketea穿越變幻莫測(cè)的山川和河流入口acrossthetreacheroustopographyofmountainsandriverestuaries.他們的運(yùn)輸路線在1059年變得輕松易行Theirroutewassuddenlymadeeasierwhen,in1059,一切歸于這座名橋的建造thisremarkablebridgewasbuilt.它的橋面由重達(dá)10噸的花崗巖架設(shè)而成Madefrommassive10-tonslabsofgranite,是中國(guó)不太知名的建筑奇葩之一itisoneofChina'slesser-knownarchitecturalgems.洛陽(yáng)橋歷經(jīng)地震狂潮風(fēng)采依舊LuoyangBridgehaswithstoodearthquakesandtempestuoustides.被稱為“萬(wàn)安渡”的Knownas"10,000shipslaunching",46座橋墩thebridge's46piers在潮水的沖刷下已經(jīng)屹立的近千年havewithstoodtimeandtideforalmostamillennium.據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貍髡f(shuō)Accordingtofolklore,橋的成功在于有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)地應(yīng)用了生物工程itssuccessisduetoafar-sightedpieceofbio-engineering.在橋墩上養(yǎng)殖牡蠣之后Oysterswereseededonthepiers利用他們的凝固物可以andeversince,theirconcretionshavehelpedcement將花崗巖膠合凝結(jié)起來(lái)thegraniteblockstogether.如今惠安的女人們?nèi)杂脗鹘y(tǒng)的Today,oystersarestillcultivatedhere方法在這里養(yǎng)殖牡蠣inthetraditionalwaybyHui'anwomen.屹立在橋下的泥灘之中的巖石Stonesarestoodinthemudflatsbelowthebridge可以使牡蠣附著生長(zhǎng)toencouragetheoysterstogrow.如今當(dāng)?shù)厝酥饕寐尻?yáng)橋來(lái)LuoyangBridgeisnowmainl