深圳牛津八年級(jí)上冊(cè) M1Unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納及練習(xí)(帶答案)

Module1AmazingthingsUnit1Encyclopedias知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)5ome^any；復(fù)合不宦代詞惑興趣的人與場(chǎng)Th已"Turn日門(mén)Encycopa已ListeningGrammarSpeakingReadingReadingopa知識(shí)清單重點(diǎn)掌握使用some與any及其他復(fù)合不定代詞。e.g.Thereissomewaterintheglass,butthereisn'tanyjuiceinthebottlookup由動(dòng)詞與副詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，代詞需在look與up之間，名詞可在中間或后面。e.g.Lookupthewordsinthedictionarylookitupe-難點(diǎn)有s(與any的用法；)me與含有any的復(fù)合不定代詞的用法。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)lookup的用法；find與findout的區(qū)別。高頻考點(diǎn)some與any的區(qū)別及含有some與含有any的復(fù)合不定代詞的用法；復(fù)合不定代詞的修飾詞的位置；find與findout的區(qū)別；lookup的用法。€飛誼匯淸單詞匯：encyclopaedian.百科全書(shū)humanadj.人的dinosaurn.恐龍*Italiann.意大利人inventorn.發(fā)明家musiciann.音樂(lè)家scientistn.科學(xué)家bornv.出生countrysiden.鄉(xiāng)村；農(nóng)村intelligencen.才智；智慧*artisticadj.有藝術(shù)天賦的abilityn.能力；才能perhapsadv.可能；大概inventionn.發(fā)明notebookn.筆記本includev.包括；包含

evenadv.（強(qiáng)調(diào)出乎意料）甚至suddenlyadv.突然；忽然*fossiln.化石dollarn.美元短語(yǔ)howeveradv.然而nobodypron.沒(méi)有人winv.（在比賽中）贏；獲勝inthecountryside在鄉(xiāng)村；在農(nóng)村humanbeing人dieout滅絕；消失findout了解（到）；弄清goforawalk去散步謀梳理第一部分：詞匯精講inventorn.發(fā)明家LeonardodaVinciwasanItalianinventor.列奧納多.達(dá).芬奇是一位意大利的發(fā)明家。【拓展】inventv.發(fā)明，inventionn.發(fā)明musiciann.音樂(lè)家LangLangisaChinesemusician。朗朗是一名中國(guó)音樂(lè)家。【拓展】musicn.音樂(lè)，musicaladj.音樂(lè)的scientistn.科學(xué)家Tomwantstobeascientistwhenhegrowsup.湯姆長(zhǎng)大后相當(dāng)一名科學(xué)家?！韭?lián)想】sciencen.科學(xué)bornv.出生Iwasbornin1982.我出生在1982年。【拓展】beborn后可接地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。接地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)用介詞in,接時(shí)間名詞時(shí)用介詞on或in（具體到某一天用on；出生于某年/某月用in）。LiMingwasborninEnglandonMay8th,1995.--Wherewereyouborn?--IwasborninGuangzhou.countrysiden.農(nóng)村；鄉(xiāng)村ThecountrysidenearGuangzhouisquitebeautiful.廣州一帶的郊野挺漂亮?！韭?lián)想】countryn.農(nóng)村【拓展】inthecountryside在鄉(xiāng)下abilityn.才能；能力Hehastheabilitytofinishthetaskontime.他有能力按時(shí)完成任務(wù)?！就卣埂縣avetheabilitytodosth.有能力做某事includev.包括；包含Thepriceincludesyourbreakfastandlunch.價(jià)格包括你的早餐和午餐在內(nèi)?！就卣埂縤ncludingprep.包括；包含在內(nèi)Therearefourpeopleintheteam,includingTom.隊(duì)伍里有四個(gè)人，包括湯姆在內(nèi)。&evenadv.甚至【用法】常用于系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前，表達(dá)某一行動(dòng)出人意料。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)某一成分，可以放在句中其他地方。如：Thequestionissoeasythatakidcananswerit.這個(gè)問(wèn)題很簡(jiǎn)單，哪怕是小孩子也會(huì)回答?！咀⒁狻縠ven還可以用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)。Thisroomisevenlargerthanthatone.這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)更大。howeveradv.然而【辨析】however用于句首、句中或句末均可，常與句子用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。而but總位于它所引出的分句的開(kāi)頭。例如：However,shewon'tgowithus.不過(guò)，她不和我一起去。Shecan'tsingwell,butshecandancewell.她唱歌不好，但她跳舞好。nobodypron.沒(méi)有人【拓展】nobody=not…anybody【聯(lián)想】somebody有人，某人；anybody任何人；everybody每個(gè)人【用法】復(fù)合不定代詞表示單數(shù)。第二部分：重點(diǎn)句型從1.Lookitup!查閱一下!【用法】Lookup意為“查閱；查詢”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞典、參考書(shū)等工具書(shū)里查詢，而不是把詞典、參考書(shū)等詞作為賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)在其后加上介詞in,再接詞典或參考書(shū)的名詞。如：Wecanlookupnewwordsinthedictionary.我們可以在詞典中查新單詞。【拓展】lookup仰視；向上看HelookedupfromhisbookasIcameintotheroom.我進(jìn)入房間時(shí)，他從書(shū)本上抬起頭來(lái)看了看。虱2?Fromanearlyage,heshowedgreatintelligenceandartisticability.從幼年開(kāi)始，他就顯示出了極高的智慧和藝術(shù)才能?！径陶Z(yǔ)】（1）fromanearlyage自從幼年起如果要表示“在幼年時(shí)期”則用介詞at，atanearlyage。還有短語(yǔ)attheageof歲的時(shí)候。（2）show的用法：showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.向某人展示某物；把某物給某人看-\3.Hispaintingsareveryfamous,andone,theMonaLisa,isperhapsthemostfamouspaintingsintheworld.他的畫(huà)作很出名，《蒙娜麗莎》可能是世界上最著名的一幅畫(huà)。【分析】famousadj.著名的，相當(dāng)于well-known,可以做表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。Sheisfamoussportsstarintheworld.【辨析】befamousfor與befamousasbefamousfor因.…，.而聞名HangzhouisfamousfortheWestLake.befamousas作為.…而著名Heisfamousasasinger.魚(yú)4?DinosaurslivedonEarthmorethan60millionyearsbeforehumanbeings.恐龍比人類(lèi)早6千萬(wàn)年生活在地球上。【短語(yǔ)】morethan“超過(guò)；多于”，相當(dāng)于over,反義詞lessthan，意為“少于”。Theyhavemorethanacar.他們有不止一輛汽車(chē)?！就卣埂縩omorethan(=only)僅僅；不過(guò)notmorethan不多于；不超過(guò)【拓展】million“百萬(wàn)”，與具體的數(shù)字連用是，不加-s,后面直接接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。固定短語(yǔ)millionsof...“數(shù)百萬(wàn)的……”，其后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，不與具體數(shù)字連用。hundred,thousand和million的用法相同。Millionsofpeoplehelpthemindifferentways.Thereareabouttwothousandstudentsinthisschool.Hewrotehundredsofsongs.助記：hundred,thousand和million，有時(shí)含糊有時(shí)清。清時(shí)無(wú)-s和of,糊時(shí)-s和of跟。一些恐龍像雞一樣小。良5?Somedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.一些恐龍像雞一樣小?！径陶Z(yǔ)】as...as...“與一樣”，當(dāng)兩個(gè)比較對(duì)象在某方面相同時(shí)，用“as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“（A與B）—樣Thistreeisastallasthatone.【拓展】比較兩個(gè)對(duì)象時(shí)，若一方不及另一方，則用“not/so+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“A不如B“如：Ourschoolisnotsobigasyours.魚(yú)6?WhenIwasyoung,Iusedtokeepanotebook.我小時(shí)候，我常常保持一個(gè)筆記本。【短語(yǔ)】（1）keepanotebook（2）“usedto+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“過(guò)去常常做某事”，并且暗含有“現(xiàn)在已不做”之意。如:IusedtoreadEnglishintheevening.ButnowIusuallyreaditinthemorning.Iusedtogotothatprimaryschool.魚(yú)7?Shecanfindoutaboutmany...她能弄清許多關(guān)于【短語(yǔ)】findout意為“了解（到）；弄清；發(fā)現(xiàn)”。Iwilltrytofindoutwhobrokethemachine.Readthispassage,andfindouttheanswertothisquestion.【辨析】findout,find與lookforfindout查明，找出指通過(guò)觀察、探索等努力才查明結(jié)果find發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果lookfor尋找強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作第三部分：語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥A.someandanysome意為“一些”、“幾個(gè)”,通常用于肯定句中?，F(xiàn)將其主要用法歸納如下:一、some作形容詞用時(shí),可以修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如:Therearesomestudentsintheclassroom.教室里有幾個(gè)學(xué)生。Thereissomemilkintheglass.杯子里有一些牛奶。二、some作代詞用時(shí),可在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如:Someoftheboysareplayinggamesnow.有幾個(gè)男孩現(xiàn)在正在做游戲。Ihavenopaper.Pleasegivemesome.我沒(méi)有紙了,請(qǐng)給我一些吧。三、some有時(shí)也可以用在疑問(wèn)句或條件句中,表示請(qǐng)求、建議,并期望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答。它也可以用于反問(wèn)句中。例如:Canyougivemesomemoney?你能給我一些錢(qián)嗎?Wouldyoulikesomemorerice?再來(lái)點(diǎn)米飯好嗎?Whydon'tyoubuysomeflowersforher?你為什么不給她買(mǎi)些花呢?Ifyouwant（some）,I'llgiveyousome.如果你想要（一些）,我就給你一些。any也有“一些”的意思,但它常用在否定句、否定答語(yǔ)或疑問(wèn)句中。其具體用法如下:一、any作形容詞用時(shí),可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù),也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如:Doyouhaveanyquestionstoask?你有什么問(wèn)題要問(wèn)嗎?Thereisn'tanywaterinthisbottle.這個(gè)瓶子里沒(méi)有水。二、any作代詞用時(shí),也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何”的意思,起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。例如:Youmaytakeanyofthem.這些東西,你隨便拿哪個(gè)都行。Anymanwitheyesinhisheadcanseethathe'sexactlylikearope.任何一個(gè)頭上長(zhǎng)有眼睛的人都能看出,他完全像一根繩子。三、any有時(shí)也可用于條件句中。例如:Ifyouhaveanytime,pleasecometomyhouse.如果你有時(shí)間,請(qǐng)來(lái)我家（玩）。Ifyouhaveany,giveussome.如果你有的話,就給我們一點(diǎn)兒吧。B.somebody,anybody,nobody,etc.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，由some構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞往往用于肯定句中；而由any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞則往往用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。IheardsomeonesingingwhenIwasatworklastnight.【拓展】由some構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞有事也可用于疑問(wèn)句中，用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、建議等語(yǔ)句。Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Somebodywantstoseeyou.形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something,anything,everything,nothing等時(shí)，要放在不定代詞的后面。Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellus?助記：復(fù)合不定代詞用法歌訣:復(fù)合代詞不張揚(yáng)，修飾成分后面藏。單數(shù)從此作謂語(yǔ)，何時(shí)何地都一樣。詞匯篇】例1.(★★)首字母填空。I'mplanningtospendsometimeinthebeautifulc.Ilovenature.【考點(diǎn)】本單元詞匯?！窘馕觥繌腎lovenature可見(jiàn)，本題要表達(dá)“我計(jì)劃到哪個(gè)漂亮的鄉(xiāng)下過(guò)一段時(shí)間。我喜歡大自然【答案】countryside例2.(★★★)Steven,couldyouhelpmewhentheplanewilltakeoffontheInternet?I'msorry,mycomputerdoesn'twork.A.getonB.findoutC.lookforD.lookafter【考點(diǎn)】詞匯辨析【解析】geton登上，findout弄清，lookfor尋找，lookafter照顧?！敬鸢浮緾例3.(★★)Footballissoexcitingthatpeopleintheworldplayit.A.millionsofB.millionofC.twomillionsD.twomillionsof【考點(diǎn)】million的用法【解析】“數(shù)字+million+名詞”表示確數(shù)；“miHionsof+名詞”表示概數(shù)。【答案】A例4.(★★)ThismorningIsomenewrestaurantsontheInternetforIwantedtotakeMiatoanicerestaurantforherbirthday.A.pickedupB.lookedupC.cleanedupD.gaveup【考點(diǎn)】含有up的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析【解析】pickup為“撿起；接(某人)”的意思，lookup為喳閱”之意，cleanup為“清除”，giveup意為“放棄”?！敬鸢浮緽【句型語(yǔ)法篇】例5.(★★★)他和他哥哥一樣高。Heishisbrother.【考點(diǎn)】固定搭配【解析】“像…一樣…”用as…as...，兩個(gè)as之間用形容詞或者副詞的原形。【答案】astallas例6.(★★)一Doyouhavetosayforyourself?一No,Ihavetosay.A.something;everythingB.nothing;somethingC.everything;anythingD.anything;nothing【考點(diǎn)】復(fù)合不定代詞的辨析?！窘馕觥縮omething一般用肯定句，anything一般用法否定句或疑問(wèn)句，nothing本身表示否定?！敬鸢浮緿例7.(★★★)——Thestoryissoamazing!It'sthemostinterestingstoryI'veeverread.一ButI'mafraiditwon'tbelikedby.A.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobody【考點(diǎn)】復(fù)合不定代詞的辨析?！窘馕觥縩ot...anybody表示沒(méi)有人，是全否定；not...everybody表示并非所有人，是部分否定?！敬鸢浮緼【能力篇】例8.（★★★）閱讀并回答問(wèn)題OnFebruary3rd,1949,NewYorkHarbor港）wasanexcitingplace?ManypeopleweretheretogreetashipfromFrance?Ontheshipwere49Frenchrailroadboxcars（火車(chē)車(chē)廂）filledwithgiftsfromthepeopleofFrancetothepeopleofAmerica?TheseboxcarswerefromthefamousMerciTrain（Merci,aFrenchwordmeaning"thankyou"）?AfterworldWarII（二戰(zhàn)），alotoffactories,roadsandfarmsinFrancehadbeendestroyed?ManyFrenchpeoplehadnojobsormoneyandhadlittletowearandlittletoeat?Inthewinterof1947,atrainwassentacrosstheUnitedStates,stoppingincitiesandtownsalongtheway?Ateverystop,peoplegavewhatevertheycould?Factoriesgaveclothingandmedicine?Farmersgavefood?Familiesgavemoney?Evenschoolchildrengaveawaytheirpocketmoney（零用錢(qián)）.AllthethingswerethentakentoFrancebyship?By1949,theFrenchhadbeguntorecover（恢復(fù)）fromthewar?TheMerciTrainwastheirwayofsaying"thankyou"toAmerica?Frenchpeoplehadfilledtheboxcarswithgifts?Mostofthemwerepersonal,likehand-madetoys,children'sdrawings,orpostcards?Buttheboxcarsthemselveswereperhapsthemostmeaningfulofthegifts?Oneachcar,theFrenchpeoplehadpaintedthepicturesofalltheir40provinces,withanAmericaneagleonthefront?TheboxcarsweretakentoeachstateofAmerica,wheretheywerewarmlygreeted?Nowmanyofthestatesstillkeeptheirboxcars?GiftssentbytheFrenchpeoplecanstillbeseeninsomemuseums?TheMerciTraincameoutofthewar,butitnowremindstheworldthatcountriescanalsoworktogetherinpeace(和平).閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z()1?ManypeoplecrowdedatNewYorkHarboronFebruary3rd,1949to?A.welcometheMerciTrainB?meettheirfamiliesC?haveabigpartyD?startatripbyship()2?In1947,atrainstoppedincitiesacrossAmericainorderto?A.giveawayclothingandfoodB?getmoresoldiersforthewarC?collectthingstohelpFrenchpeopleD?showexhibitionsfromthemuseums()3?Theunderlinedword"them"inParagraph3refersto(扌旨)?A.theAmericanpeopleB?theFrenchpeopleC?theboxcarsD?thegifts()4?TheFrenchpeoplepaintedtheir40provi