2016-美國文學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)資料

美國文學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)資料I.Eachofthefollowingstatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatwouldbestcompletethestatement. （1分x20題=20分）II.Fillintheblanks.（1分x10題=10分）ThecolonialhistoryoftheUnitedStatesreferstothehistoryofthelandfromthestartofEuropeansettlementtothetimeof fromEurope,andespeciallytothehistoryofthethirteencoloniesofBritainwhichdeclaredthemselvesindependentin1776.independenceThefirstwritings thatwecallAmericanwerethenarratives 敘事作品and oftheearlysettlements移民.journal日記ThefirstEnglishpermanentsettlement--- ---inNorthAmericawassetupin1607. JamestownTheMayFlower五月花（theshipinwhichthePilgrimFatherssailedfromEnglandtoMassachusettsin1620） arrivedinDecember1620with102Puritanpilgrimsonboard在船上whocametotheNewWorldinsearchofreligiousfreedom.TheshipheadedforJamestown,butstrongwinddrovehertowhatisnowPrincetonHarborandanothersettlementthe wasestablished.PlymouthColony1620年12月，五月花號”承載著102名清教徒來到了這片新大陸尋找宗教自由。"五月花號"的目的地是詹姆斯敦，但強風(fēng)使她偏離了航線，最后來到了今天的普林斯頓港口，在此清教徒們建立了第二個殖民點：普利茅斯殖民點。ThewarbetweentheEnglishgovernment andthecoloniesbrokeoutinSeptember,1775,andcametoanendinOctober,1781,withGornwallis'sencircledarmysurrenderingtoGeneralWashington.Thetriumphofthewarbythecolonistsbroughtintobeingan ,theUnitedStates,in1783.independentnationTranscendentalist doctrinesfoundtheirgreatestliteraryadvocatesin andThoreau.EmersonTheMayFlowerarrivedinDecember1620with102PuritanpilgrimsonboardwhocametotheNewWorldinsearchofreligiousfreedom.TheshipheadedforJamestown butstrongwinddrovehertowhatisnowPrinceton Harborandanothersettlement wasestablished.thePlymouthColony ThemostinfluentialreligiousthoughtofthisperiodwasthePuritanismwhichisthepracticesandbeliefsofthePuritans.DuringthereignofElizabethI,oneofthesects教派ofPuritansseparatedfromtheProtestants 新教徒andaftermuchpersecution theytookrefugeintheNetherlands.Theyfinallydetermined toimmigratetotheNewWorldinsearchof . religiousfreedomWritersofthecolonialperiodweremostly .TheywroteabouttheirvoyagestotheNewWorld,aboutadaptingtothenewcircumstances,aboutfarmingandhunting,andabouttheirdealingwiththeIndians.Theyalsowroteaboutpoliticalandreligiousmatters,andabouttheirdreamsofthevastlandwhichstretchedbeforethem.Intheirwritings,thehistoryofearlyAmerica,especiallyinNewEngland,wasfilledwithreferencestoTheBibleandGod'swill.Everythingcouldbeexplainedfromthereligiousperspective:stormsandsicknessmightrepresentGod'swrath;agoodharvestmightsignifyGod'sblessing.Europeanimmigrants ThomasJefferson isrememberedastheauthorofTheDeclarationofIndependence(1776).Heisconsideredatrue andoneofthefoundersoftheUnitedStates.HeisthethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1801-1809). EnlightenmentthinkerTheEnglishcolonies殖民地人民inNorthAmericaroseinarmsagainsttheirparentcountryandthecontinentalcongressadopted批準 in1776.TheDeclarationofIndependenceThomasPainewasveryactiveinthecauseofAmericanRevolutionandgainedthetitleof ,whichshowedhiscontribution.TheFatherofAmericanRevolutionthInAmerican literature,the18centurywastheageofEnlightenment. wasthedominant. RationalismJohnSmith(1580-1631)wasrememberedforhisroleinestablishingthefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericaat ,Virginia.Withthegreaterpartofhisletterbeingpublishedin1608,JohnSmithwasregardedasthefirstAmericanwriter. JamestownWilliamBradfordwasontheMayflower,landedatPlymouth attheageof30andwaselectedthefirstgovernorofthecolony.Heischieflyrememberedastheauthorof .TheHistoryofPlymouthPlantation JohnWinthropwaselectedgovernoroftheMassachusettsBayColonybeforetheyarrivedthereandhebecamealeaderofthesettlersthroughouttheremainingyearsofhislife.Thejournalsthathekeptasthecolonialofficialwerepublishedas .TheHistoryofNewEngland AnneDudleyBradstreet,anAmericanpoet,camefromEnglandwithherhusbandSimonBradstreettotheMassachusettsBayColonyofNorthAmericaattheageofeighteenin1630.Asthemotherofeightchildren,shewaskeptbusybyhouse-keeping,butshewasnotcontentedandtriedherhandatpoetry.In1650,herfirstcollectionofpoemswaspublished,whichwas entitled .TheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmerica 在1650年，約翰伍德布里奇牧師替安妮用 美國的一位淑女”的名字出版了名為《出現(xiàn)在美國的第十個繆斯》的詩集，這使得安妮成為了英國和美國第一位出版詩作的女詩人。 isfatherofthedetectivestory偵探小說andofpsychoanalytic 心理分析批評criticism.EdgarAllanPoeWhatdidFitzgeraldcallthe1920s? . TheJazzAgeMarkTwainwasarepresentative of inAmericanliterature.localcolorism isanovelabouthowagroupofpeopleonawhalingship 捕bu鯨船killagreatwhalebutthemselvesarekilledbythewhale,withtheconflictbetweenmanandhisfate.Moby-DickNaturalismisevolvedfromrealismwhentheauthor 'stoneinwritingbecomeslessseriousandlesssympatheticbutmoreironicandmore .Pessimistic

Theshortstory “RipVanWinkl里普萬溫克爾（美國作家歐文所寫一篇故事名及其主人公）”revealsthe attitudeofitsauthor. ConservativeWhich ofthefollowing statementsaboutO.Henry isNOTright? Theplotsareusuallyclumsy 情節(jié)復(fù)雜難懂、文體臃月中.William Faulkner'sworks mainlyconcerntheAmerican .SouthThecolonialliteratureisrich .Thereasonisself-evidentifwebearinmindthattheywerealmostallreligiouspeople---Puritans. inreligiouscolorTheEnlightenment wasanintellectual movementthatwasoriginatedfromFrance.ThemovementattractedwidespreadsupportfromallprogressiveforcesofEuropeandNorthAmericainthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury.TheEnlightenmentadvocatesholdthatmanneednotwaitforGod'sgracetoperfecthiminheaven,butcanattaintheperfectiononearthbytrustingreasonandscientificexperiments.Therefore,theEnlightenmentissometimescalled . theAgeofReason isNOTafictional虛構(gòu)人物characterinTheScarletLetter.SantiagoDuringtheperiodaftertheCivilWar,theAmericansocietyenteredinwhatMarkTwainreferredtoas .theGildedAge（1873年，馬克吐溫出版了小說《鍍金時代》。從此，人們用這個詞來形容，從南北戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束到 20世紀初的那一段美國歷史。南北戰(zhàn)爭為美國資本主義發(fā)展掃清了道路， 加上不斷涌入的移民和西部新發(fā)現(xiàn)的礦藏，這一切使得美國的工業(yè)化極速發(fā)展，國家財富迅速增長。到 20世紀初，美國已經(jīng)是世界上最強的工業(yè)國之一了。）InLeavesofGrass, isallthatconcerned Whitman.individualism,freedom,democracyInAmericanliteraturethefirstimportantwriterwhoearnedaninternationalInthefameonbothsidesoftheAtlanticOceanis .Washin Inthe“TworoadsdivergedinyellowwoodandsorryIcouldnottravelbothabovetwolinesofRobertFrost ThsRoadNotTaken,thepoet,byimplication,

33.34.wasreferringtoone'scourseoflifeBenjaminFranklinwasoneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.HewasoneofthemostimportantAmericanthinkersduringtherevolutionaryperiod.Hestoodastheepitome丄縮影)oftheEnlightenment( 美國啟蒙運動)andastheversatileembodimentofrationalmanoftheperiod.HisPoorRichard'sAlmanac《窮理查年鑒》containsalargenumberof33.34.wasreferringtoone'scourseoflifeBenjaminFranklinwasoneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.HewasoneofthemostimportantAmericanthinkersduringtherevolutionaryperiod.Hestoodastheepitome丄縮影)oftheEnlightenment( 美國啟蒙運動)andastheversatileembodimentofrationalmanoftheperiod.HisPoorRichard'sAlmanac《窮理查年鑒》containsalargenumberofaboutlife.ItwasaparticularlyinfluentialbookintheearlyAmericanliterature.HisTheAutobiography《自傳》：Itrecordstheauthor'srisingfrompovertyorhumblebeginningstosuccess.ItisanearlyexampleoftheAmericandream.ItcouldbeseenastherepresentativeworkofFranklin.practicalsayingsThomasPaine'sgreatestcontributiontotheEnlightenmentMovementishisTheAgeofReason,adeisticdeclaration自然神的宣言advocatingarationalisticviewofreligion 主張一種理性的宗教觀點.HisCommonSense 《常識》ishismostfamouspoliticalpamphletandisregardedasthegreatestoftheRevolutionarypamphlets.IthadgreatimpactonAmericanRevolution.His :ItinspiredtheresidentsofcoloniallandstoresisttheBritishArmy.( 本書鼓勵殖民地人民抵抗英國軍隊。)HisTheRightsofMan《人的權(quán)利》supportedtheFrenchRevolution.TheAmericanCrisis《美國危機》ThomasJefferson托馬斯杰弗遜(1743-1826)isrememberedastheauthorof (1776).HeisconsideredatrueEnlightenmentthinkerandoneofthefoundersoftheUnitedStates.HeisthethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1801-1809).TheDeclarationofIndependenceAmericanwritersafterWorldWarIself-consciously acknowledged thattheywere “ ,”devoidof缺乏自信faithandalienatedfromtheWesterncivilization 疏離西方文明.LostGenerationAmerican Romanticism stretchesfromtheendofthe centurythroughtheoutbreakof . 18th,theCivilWarInhispoems,WaltWhitmanisinnovative 倉S新inthetermsoftheformofhispoetry,whichiscalled “ .”reeverse自由詩體From1732to1758,BenjaminFranklinwroteandpublishedhisfamous ,anannualcollectionofproverbs.PoorRichard'sAlmanac本杰明富蘭克林：窮理查年鑒Transcendentalists recognized asthe“highestpowerofthesoul”Intuition直/覺/Whichisregardedasthe“DeclarationofIntellectualIndependence”?TheAmericanScholarForMeJyille,aswellasforthereaderand ,thenarrator,MobyDick白鯨isstillamystery,anultimatemystery 終極奧秘oftheuniverse.Ishmael伊希梅爾 iscalledbyHemingwaytheonefromwhich “allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnDreiser'TrilogyofDesire德萊塞的欲望三部曲includesthreenovels.TheyareTheFinancier,TheTitan and .TheStoic德萊塞(1871?1945)，美國小說家。生于印第安納州特雷霍特鎮(zhèn)。父親是貧苦的德國移民。他在公立學(xué)校接受了早期教育，以后進印第安納大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。一生的大部分時間從事新聞工作。走遍芝加哥、匹茲堡、紐約等大城市，廣泛深入地觀察了解社會，為日后的文學(xué)創(chuàng)作積累了豐富的素材。 第一部小說為《嘉莉妹妹》(1900)，通過農(nóng)村姑娘嘉莉到芝加哥謀生而成為名演員的故事，揭露了資本主義社會繁榮外衣掩蓋下的生存斗爭，對美國貧富對立的社會作了深刻的描寫。這部小說因被指控有破壞性”而長期禁止發(fā)行，但一些散發(fā)出去的贈閱本卻引起了許多重要作家的注意。1911年,《珍妮姑娘》問世，接著又發(fā)表了《欲望三部曲》的前兩部《金融家》(1912)和《巨人》(1914)，《斯多噶》(1947),奠定了德萊塞在美國文學(xué)界的地位。《天才》(1915)是德萊塞自己最滿意的一部長篇小說。 它通過一青年畫家的墮落控訴了資本主義社會對藝術(shù)的摧殘。以真實的犯罪案件為題材的《美國的悲劇》 (1925)是德萊塞的代表作。他的藝術(shù)特色——廣闊的社會畫面，豐富曲折的情節(jié)，深入細致的心理描述，不同情景的對比手法及獨具個性的語言一一統(tǒng)統(tǒng)體現(xiàn)在這部杰作中。1944年，德萊塞被美國文學(xué)藝術(shù)學(xué)會授予榮譽獎?！侗尽?1946)和《斯多噶》兩部長篇小說是在作家死后出版的。這兩本書都反映了德萊塞晚年對宗教哲學(xué)的興趣。 1945年，他加入美國共產(chǎn)黨。同年 12月28日逝世。RalphWaldoEmerson(1803-1882)wastheheadofthe .

5.56.TranseendentalistmovementEmerson wasaliberatorfromold andaleaderinexperimentationandself-relianee.Conv Emersonbelievedinthelimitless anddignityofmanandpointedoutthat"maniseverything"andmancanmasterhisowndestiny.potential OneofEmerson'smostimportantworksisNature,whichwasregardedas“themanifestoofAmerican ”TranseendentalismEmersonfirmlybelievedinthetranseendenceof . “ove-soul”Emersonregardednatureasthepurest,themostsanctifyingmoralinflueneeonman,andadvocateda ofspiritualandimmanentGodinnature.directintuitionEmersonheldthateveryoneshouldunderstandthathemakeshimselfmakingtheworld,andhemakestheworldby . makinghimselfEmersonheldassertsthateachindividualisamanifestationofcreationandassuchholdsthekeytouniockingthe .mysteriesoftheuniverseIn1862,PresidentLincolnexclaimed: “Soyouarethelittlewomanwhowrotethebookthatstartedthisgreatwar! ”Whoisthiswomanreferredto? Mrs.StoweStylistically,HenryJames'fictionischaracterizedby .highlyrefinedIanguage“Icelebratemyself,andsingmyself, AndwhatIassumeyoushallassume,Foreveryatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyou.”Whocouldhavewrittentheselines? .WaltWhitman我V贊美V我V自己V,歌唱我V自己V,我V承/擔的你V也V將承/擔，因為屬V于/我的每V—個原/子V也V同/樣屬V于/你V. 惠特曼《草V葉集/》《自己V之歌》本詩1855年出版的《草葉集》LeavesofGrass中首次發(fā)表時沒有詩題.后來用PoemofWaltWhitman,an American(1856),WaltWhitman(I860),等不同名陸續(xù)發(fā)表，最后才用SongofMyself的，詩中表明了兩信仰：普遍性信仰；人類個別性和平等性.In ,RobertFrostcompareslifetoajourney,andheis

doubtfulwhetherhewillregrethischoiceornotwhenheisold,becausethechoicehasmadeallthedifferenee.“TheRoadNotTaken”57.TheshortstoryTheLegendofSleepyHollow”istakenfromIrving'worknamed .TheSketchBook《見聞/札zha/記》[TheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon,Gent.1819-1820] ) 其中收錄 《睡谷的傳說》(ThelegendoftheSleepyHollow)和《瑞普.凡.溫克爾》(RipVanWinkle)等名篇 (《見聞札記》開創(chuàng)了美國短篇小說的傳統(tǒng))58.WithHowells,James,andMarkTwainactiveontheliterary scene,becamethemajortrendinAmericanliteratureintheseventiesand58.WithHowells,James,andMarkTwainactiveontheliterary scene,becamethemajortrendinAmericanliteratureintheseventiesandeightiesofthe19thcenturyRealismeightiesofthe19thcenturyRealism59.MarkTwainwrotemostofhisliteraryworkswithIanguage.60.vernacular白話的、方言的According toHawthorne,thescarletLetter“A”whichoriginally standsfor59.MarkTwainwrotemostofhisliteraryworkswithIanguage.60.vernacular白話的、方言的According toHawthorne,thescarletLetter“A”whichoriginally standsfor”,finallyobtainsthemeaningof“able”,finallyobtainsthemeaningof“able”or“angel”throughHester'sefadultery_通奸61.Shortlyafterhisgraduation fromHarvard,Thoreauestablishedaclose61.Shortlyafterhisgraduation fromHarvard,ThoreauestablishedaclosefriendshipwiththeTranscendentalistwriterRalphWaldoEmerson,whobecamehisliterarymentor.AndThoreau 'sfriendshipwithEmersonledtohisinvoIvementwiththe Club. TranseendentalistHenryDavidThoreau'sTranscendental philosophyandhisscientificknowledgecontributedtohisloveof . natureIn1845,Thoreaubuilthimselfacabininthewoodsby andlivedtherealonefortwoyears.Heraisedhisownfoodandspentverylittlemoney,devotingmostofhistimetostudyandreflection.LaterhewroteafamousbookWaldentoillustratehisphilosophyandobservationsoflife. WaldenPondWaldenisoneofthebest-knownnon-fictionbookswrittenbyHenryDavidThoreau,afamousAmericanwriter.Publishedin1854,itdetailsThoreau'slivinginacabinnearWaldenPond,amidstwoodlandownedbyhisfriendandmentorRalphWaldoEmerson,nearConcord,Massachusetts.ThoreaulivedatWaldenfortwoyears,twomonths,andtwodayswithexpressedseasonaldivisions.

Thoreauhopedtoisolatehimselffromsocietyinordertogainamoreobjective客觀的understanding ofit.Simplicityandself-relianee wereThoreau'sothergoals,andthewholeprojectwasinspired by philosophy.TranscendentalistWaldenemphasizestheimportaneeofsolitude,contemplation,andclosenessto intranscendingthe"desperate"existeneethat,heargues,isthelotofmostpeople.NatureWilliamFaulkner'worksmainlyconcerntheAmerican .South isoftenregardedasthegreatestAmericanwomanpoetandshewroteover1,700shortlyricpoemsinherlifetime.EmilyDickinson InWilliamFaulkner'TheSoundandtheFury喧嘩與騷動\,heusedatechniquecalled ,inwhichthewholestorywastoldthroughthethoughtsofonecharacter.streamofconsciousnessItisonhis thatWashington Irving'famemainlyrested.talesaboutAmericaAtthemiddleof19thcentury,Americawitnessedaculturalflowering 興盛whichiscalled “ ”theAmericanRenaissaneeAsaphilosophicalandliterarymovement,themainissuesinvoIvedinthedebateofTranscendentalismaregenerallyconcerning .4.75.nature,manandtheuniverseThegreatsea adventureconsidered man'srelationshipwithnatureWhichstatementisrightaboutthenovelstoryMoby-Dickisusuallyanadventurous explorationintoAFarewelltoArms?——Theauthoremphasizeshisbeliefthatmanistrappedbothphysicallyandmentallyandsuggeststhatmanisdoomedtobeentrapped.InAmericanliteraturethefirstimportantwriterwhoearnedaninternationalfameonbothsidesoftheAtlanticOceanis .Washin InEmilyDickinson'sBecauseICouldNotStopforDeath, deathisastageoflifeanditleadspeopletotheHeavenofimmortality

Whichisgenerallyregardedasthemanifesto andtheBibleofAmericanTranscendentalism? Emerson'sNatureThePublicationof established Emerson asthemost eloquentspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism.Nature “Theappar^tionofthesefacesinthecrowd,Petalsonawet,blackbough.'Thisistheshortestpoemwrittenby .EzraPound 這幾張臉在人群中幻景般閃現(xiàn)一；濕漉一漉的黑樹一枝上花瓣一數(shù)v點\/。――龐/德/《在地_鐵\/站一里v》BenjaminFranklin 'smasterpiece recordshisrisingfrompovertyorhumblebeginningstosuccess.AutobiographyThegreatestTranscendental workbyHenryDavidThoreauis .Walden wasthefirstAmericantoachieveanInternationalliteraryreputation.WashingtonIrvingRalphWaldoEmerson'sessayTheAmericanScholarhasbeenregardedas8.89.America'sDeclarationof Independence. IntellectualThanatopsisisWilliamCullenBryantsmostfamousnaturepoem,theGreektitlemeans .viewofdeathEzraPoundwastheleaderofanewmovementinpoetrywhichhecalledthe movement”.imagistNaturehas beencalled “themanifesto ofAmericanTranscendentalismIn1954,ErnestHemingwaywasawardeda forhisofmodernnarration ”NobelPrizemasteryoftheartWhatdidFitzgeraldcallthe1920s? TheJazzAgeThefamouslinesfromTheDeclarationofIndependenceare“Weholdthesetruth…withcertainunalienablerights,thatamongthemareLife, andthepursuitofHappiness.LibertyTheSlave'sDreamnotonlyshowsLongfellowssympathyforslavesbutalsorevealedthe .crueltyofdriversHardwork,thrift,piety虔誠andsobriety冷靜節(jié)希9werethe valuesthatdominatedmuchoftheearlyAmericanwriting. Puritan“Godhelpthosewhohelpthemselves天助自助者”isaproverbfromBenjaminFranklin's .PoorRichard'AlmanacAsagenre,naturalismemphasizedheredityand asimportantdeterministicforcesshapingindividualizedcharactersthatwerepresentedinspecialanddetailedcircumstances.Environment 作為一種體裁，自然主義強調(diào)遺傳和環(huán)境”在塑造特殊和復(fù)雜環(huán)境下個性化人物的重要決定力量。According toHawthorne,thescarletLetter “A”whichoriginallystandsfor“ ”adulteryThepoeticstyleWaltWhitmandevisedisnowcalled ,whichispoetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme. freeverseInAmericanliterature,the18thcenturywasanageof andRevolution.EnlightenmentIn1925,F.ScottFitzgeraldcompletedhisbestnovel .Itisthestoryofanidealistwhowasdestroyedbytheinflueneeofthewealthy,pleasure-seekingpeoplearoundhim.TheGreatGatsby“TheCopandtheAnthem ”isashortstorywrittenby .O.HenryIn1954, wontheNobelPrizeforLiteratureforhis “masteryoftheartofmodernnarration ”ErnestHemingwayNearSleepyHollowisavillagecalledTarryTown.Itwassettledmanyyearsagobypeoplefrom .Thevillagehadasmallschool.Andoneteacher,namedIchabodCrane.HollandJamesFenimoreCooper(1789-1851)wasthe .HisenduringfamerestsonhisTheLeatherstocking Tales,aseriesoffivenovels.firstAmericannovelistYoknapatawphaisdepictedasthemythicalcountyinWilliamFaulknesnovels?ThefollowingwritersWilliamFaulkner,JohnSteinbeck,ErnestHemingwaywereawardedNobelPrizeforliteratureexceptF.Scott.FitzgeraldIII.FindtherelevantmatchfromcolumnBforeachitemincolumnA. (1分x10題=10分)Washington Irving---TheSketchBook;TheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon,Gent《見聞札記》；RipVanWinkle《里普凡溫克爾》；TheLegendofSleepyHollow《睡谷的傳說》majorcharacterIcabodCrane;LifeofGeorgeWashington 《華盛頓傳》ThomasPaine---CommonSense 常識》；TheAmericanCrisis;TheRightsofMan;TheAgeofReasonPhilipFreneau---TheWildHoneySuckleWilliamCullenBryant--- Thanatopisis 《死亡隨想錄》(Thanatopsis)翻譯美國浪漫主義詩人Williamcullenbryant 的詩作；ToaWaterfowlTheodoreDreiser---SisterCarrie,majorcharaters:CharlesDrouet,GeorgeHurstwood,CarriePhilipFreneau---TheIndianBuryingGroundF.ScottFitzgerald---TheGreatGatsby,majorcharaters:Daisy,Nick,JayGatsby,TomWaltWhitman---LeavesofGrassJackLondon---TheCalloftheWildEdgarAllanPoe---TheRavenMarkTwain---TheAdventuresofTomSawyerJohnSteinbeck---TheGrapesofWrathJamesFenimoreCooper--- TheLastofMohicansEzraPound---TheCantos龐德在他的《詩篇》(TheCantos)中把中國文字、歷史及思想都納人他的思想體系中.HenryWadsworth Longfellow---TheSlave'sDream;人/生禮贊”"APsalmofLife",海華/沙之歌”"Hiawatha",伊凡/吉/林/”vangeline"WaltWhitman---ISitandLookOutHenryJames---DaisyMiller《黛西米勒》是經(jīng)典印象小說名作坊”系列之一。你也許讀過愛爾蘭著名作家科爾姆托賓的小說《大師》(這部小說為他贏得了2006年的都柏林國際文學(xué)獎)，你或許也看過有英國錢鍾書之稱的戴維 洛奇的《作者，作者》，但你很

可能卻沒真正領(lǐng)略過這兩部小說描寫的對象 一一一位小說大師一一亨利詹姆斯作品的真正風(fēng)采。你可以從這本《黛西米勒》開始一一一段完美旅程的開始。作者簡介：亨利詹姆斯(1843—1916)，現(xiàn)代小說大師，世界文學(xué)史上最重要的小說家之一。他出身于紐約上層知識分子家庭，父親和兄長均是著名學(xué)者和哲學(xué)家。 他從小接受良好的教育，大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，便長期旅居歐洲，對19世紀末美國和歐洲的上層生活有細致入微的觀察。古老保守的歐洲和年輕質(zhì)樸的美國這兩種不同文化和價值體系間的沖突是他諸多作品的重要主題之一。他的小說風(fēng)格獨特，語言精妙，技巧嫻/熟/,他還是心理小說創(chuàng)始人。詹姆斯一生創(chuàng)作了許多作品，其中最具代表性的有《黛西 米勒》、《一位女士的畫像》，《螺絲在擰緊》、《鴿翼》、《使節(jié)》、《金碗》等。ErnestHemingway--- AfarewelltoArms;Forwhomthebelltolls;Theoldmanandthesea;thesunalsorisesHarrietBeecherStowe--- UncleTom'sCabinCarlSandburg---Chicago主要作品：主要作品：斯蒂芬克萊恩22.StephenCrane'sM^orworks1)《街頭女郎梅季》Maggie:AGirloftheStreets(1893)2)《紅色英勇勛章》TheRedBadgeofCourage(1895)3)《海上扁舟》TheOpenBoatandOtherTalesofAdventure(1898)4)《黑騎者》TheBlackRidersandOtherLines(1895)5)《戰(zhàn)爭是仁慈的》 1)《街頭女郎梅季》Maggie:AGirloftheStreets(1893)2)《紅色英勇勛章》TheRedBadgeofCourage(1895)3)《海上扁舟》TheOpenBoatandOtherTalesofAdventure(1898)4)《黑騎者》TheBlackRidersandOtherLines(1895)5)《戰(zhàn)爭是仁慈的》 WarisKind(1899)25.FrankNorris'Mai/orks主要作品:1)《章魚》(1901)TheOctopus:ACaliforniaStory(1901)1)TheodoreDreiser'sMajorworks主要作品:SisterCarrie 《嘉莉妹妹》AnAmericanTragedy《美國悲劇》JennieGerhardt 《珍妮姑娘》TheFinancier《金融家》TheTitan《巨頭》TheGenius《天才》RobertFrost'mostfamouspoemsare:"MendingWall"" 補墻",inwhichheteachesthebrotherhoodofman"TheRoadNotTaken"沒有走的路thatisabouttheuniversaldilemmaofmakingdecisionsinone'slifetime"StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening"" 雪夜林邊小立",apoemthatremindsreadersoftheirsocialobligations. 弗洛斯特最有名的詩歌有"補墻",教育人們?nèi)绾翁幚砣伺c人之間的關(guān)系;"沒有走的路",探索人生中如何抉擇這一普遍問題；以及"雪夜林邊小立",提醒每一位讀者自己所承擔的義務(wù)和使命。TheodoreDreiserisanotherimportantnaturalisticwriterin AmericanLiterature.Hismajorworksare:SisterCarrie《嘉莉妹妹》(1900)JennieGerhardt 《珍妮姑娘》(1911)TheFinancier 《金融家》(1912)TheTitan《巨人》(1914)TheGenius《天才》(1915)是德萊塞自己最滿意的一部長篇小說AnAmericantragedy 《美國的悲劇》 (1925)是德萊塞的代表作WilliamFaulkner 'smajorworks:主要作品：ARoseforEmily獻給艾米麗一朵玫瑰majorcharacter:EmilyGriersonTheSoundandFury 《喧嘩與騷動》LightinAugust《八月之光》IV.Readthefollowingexcerptsandanswerthequestions.(5 分x5題=25分)Passage1Thetradercaughtafullglimpseofherjustasshewasdisappearingdownthebank;andthrowinghimselffromhishorse,andcallingloudlyonSamandAndy,hewasafterherlikeahoundafteradeer.Inthatdizzy momentherfeettoherscarceseemedtotouchtheground,andamomentbroughthertothewater'sedge.Rightonbehindtheycame;and,nervedwithstrengthsuchasGodgivesonlytothedesperate,withonewild

andandcryandflyingleap,shevaultedsheerovertheturbidcurrentbytheshore,ontotheraftoficebeyond.Itwasadesperateleap-impossibletoanythingbutmadnessdespair;…Thehugegreenfragmentoficeonwhichshealightedpitchedandcreakedasherweightcameonit,butshestaidtherenotamoment.Withwildcriesdesperateenergysheleapedtoanotherandstillanothercake;stumbling--leaping--slipping--springing upwardsagain!Hershoesaregone--herstockingscutfromherandandfeet--whilebloodmarkedeverystep;butshesawnothing,feltnothing,tilldimly,asinadream,shesawtheOhioside,andamanhelpingherupthebank.Questions:Whichbookisthisparttakenfrom?---Fromafamousnovelentitled UncleTom'sCabinTheauthorofthebookis---HarrietBeecherStowe.Sumupthepartabove.---Shethrowsopenthedoortoherroom,whichfacestheriver,grabsHarry,andleapsovertherushingcurrentsontoaraftofice.Haleyseesherandgiveschase,butElizajumpsontoahugefloatingchunkofice.Shespringsfromonechunkoficetothenext,oblivioustoallpainandcold,untilshereachestheotherside.Amanontheothersidehelpsherup.Carryingtheboy,sheleapsfromcaketocakeoficeasherpursuerswatchinhorrorandamazement.ShereachestheOhiosideandishelpedontoshorebyaKentuckyfarmer.Passage2Artislong,andTimeisfleeting,Andourhearts,thoughstoutandbrave,Still,likemuffleddrums,arebeatingFuneralmarchestothegrave.Questions:Whichpoemisthestanzaabovequotedfrom?---"APsalmofLife"Whoisthepoetofthispoem?---HenryWadsworthLongfellowSummarizethelinesabove.---Thoughartcanexistforeveranditsurviveseverything,timefleetsandtherefore,humanlifeislimited.Thoughourheartisstrongandbrave,still,itisbeatinglikethemuffleddrumsatafuneraltowardsthegrave.Passage3Thattosecuretheserights,Governmentsareinstituted amongMen,derivingtheirjustpowersfromtheconsentofthegoverned.Questions:Whichworkisthepassagequotedfrom?---TheDeclarationofIndependenceWhoistheauthorofthework?---ThomasJeffersonSummarizethepassageabove:---Tosafeguardtheserights,Governments areestablishedamongpeople,obtainingtheirjustpowersfromtheagreementofthepeople.Passage4Iseethewifemisusedbyherhusband,IseethetreacherousSeducerofyoungwomen,Questions:Whichworkarethe2linesabovequotedfrom?--- ISitandLookOutWhoistheauthorofthework?---WaltWhitmanSummarizethe2linesabove---Iseethewifewasmistreated byherhusband;Iseesomemendeceitfultoseducetheinnocentyoungwomen.Passage5Icelebratemyself,andsingmyself,AndWhatIassumeyoushallassume,Foreveryatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyou.Iloafeandinvitemysoul,Ilearnandloafeatmyeaseobservingaspearofsummergrass.Questions:Whoisthewriterofthispoem?--- SongofMyselfWhatisthetitleofthispoem?--WaltWhitmanWhoisthepoetcelebrating? ---Thepoetiscelebrating himself,hisownlife.Passage6Togointosolitude,amanneedstoretireasmuchfromhischamberasfromsociety.IamnotsolitarywhilstIreadandwrite,thoughnobodyiswithme.Butifamanwouldbealone,lethimlookatthestars.Therays