崔榮容英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

崔榮容英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法崔榮容英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法崔榮容英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月崔榮容英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：Pocket英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第一講英語(yǔ)五種基本句式HelearnsEnglisheveryday.他每天學(xué)英語(yǔ) 基本句式一:SV(主+謂) Theuniverseremains宇宙長(zhǎng)存 基本句式二:SVP(主+系+表)系動(dòng)詞表連系作用.表語(yǔ)是描述主語(yǔ)性質(zhì)特點(diǎn)位置的詞 Thefoodisdelicious這個(gè)食物很好吃 基本句式三:SVO(主+謂+賓)賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作執(zhí)行的對(duì)象 Hetookhisbagandleft他拿著書包離開了 基本句式四:SVoO(主+謂+間賓+直賓)注:o，一般指人。O，一般指物。 Herfatherboughtheradictionary他的爸爸給他買了一本詞典。 基本句式五:SVOC(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)) Wemadehimourmonitor我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart!有志者事竟成!第二講Be動(dòng)詞的形式和用法 Be動(dòng)詞的形式： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：be,is,am,are。一般過去時(shí)：was,were。Be動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：being。Be動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：been。========================Is:和單數(shù)主語(yǔ)連用的be動(dòng)詞。Themanisback.Are:和復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)連用的be動(dòng)詞。TheyarebackWas:和單數(shù)主語(yǔ)連用的be動(dòng)詞hewasback.Were:復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)連用的過去形式。TheywerebackBeen：復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)連用的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)形式theyhavebeenback Be動(dòng)詞的用法： 后面接名詞，形容詞，地點(diǎn)副詞，或短語(yǔ)作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 1．themanisateacher atercher是補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明前面的 2 Mary’snewdressesarecolorful 3 Mymotherwasinthekitchen Be動(dòng)詞的練習(xí)： 現(xiàn)在時(shí):Theyareteachers.他們是老師。過去時(shí):hewasateacherbefore.他以前是一名老師。(但現(xiàn)在不是了)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):Hehasbeenateacherfor3years他已經(jīng)當(dāng)了3年的老師了。第三講Be動(dòng)詞的否定/提問/回答 Be動(dòng)詞的否定 在am,is,are,was,were后面加not 縮略式amnot,isn’t,aren’t,wasn’t,weren’t. 例子：Themanisn’tbackIamnotback Theyaren’tback Hewasn’tbackTheyweren’tback Be動(dòng)詞提問和回答 Isheateacher?

Yes,heis/No,heisn’t是的，他是/不，他不是 Areyouateacher?你是一名老師么？ Yes,Iam/No,Iamnot是的，我是/不，我不是 Weretheyteacher

他們以前是老師么？ Yes,theywere/No,theyweren’t是的，他們是/不，他們不是。 Be動(dòng)詞的練習(xí)：他是醫(yī)生么？Isheadoctor

Yes,heis/No,heisn’t不他不是 2．他們昨天在教室么（

yesterday，classroom） Weretheyintheclassroomyesterday? Yes，theywas/No，theywasn’t 是的，他們?cè)?不，他們不在 3．他們昨天不在教室 Theyweren’tintheclassroomyesterday第四講代詞的主格和賓格 主格代詞：Ihesheityouwethey Iamateacher heisateacher youareteacher 賓格代詞：mehimherityouusthemHelikesme.他喜歡我Welikeher.我們喜歡她Ilikehim我喜歡他們練習(xí)：我喜歡它Ilikeit。他們認(rèn)識(shí)他Theyknowhim第五講名詞性/形容詞性物主代詞 形容詞性物主代詞： 單數(shù)形式：my,your,his/her/its,one’s(某人的) 復(fù)數(shù)形式：our（我們的），your（你們的），their（他們的） 形容性物主代詞后直接跟名詞 例子：thisismybook這是我的書weloveourmotherland我愛我們的祖國(guó)thoseareyoursocks那些是你的襪子名詞性物主代詞： 單數(shù)形式：mine我的，yours你的，his/hers/its，one’s（某人的） 復(fù)數(shù)形式：ours我們的，yours你們的，theirs他們的 名詞性物主代詞：有名詞性質(zhì)，不能接任何名詞，本身有了名詞的概念 例子：thebookisourstheappleishers練習(xí)：MyteacherisChinese我的老師是中國(guó)人 Thiscomputeristheirs這個(gè)電腦是他們的 Ourbookisonthesheif我們的書在書架上主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞我IMeMyMine他HeHimHisHis她SheHerHerHers它ItItItsIts你/你們YouYouYourYours我們WeUsOurOurs他們TheyThemTheirTheirs主格：放在主語(yǔ)的位置上賓格：放在賓格的位置上形容詞性物主代詞：后面可接名詞名詞性物主代詞:后面不可接名詞了，本身包含名詞意思。（得綜合上下文看）。第六講反身代詞反身代詞：某人自己Myself 我自己 yourselves你們自己Yourself 你自己 ourselves我們自己Herself 她自己 themselves它們自己Himself他自己Itself它自己反身代詞語(yǔ)法pleasehelpyourselftosomefish隨便吃些魚吧。weenjoyedourselveslastnight.我們昨天晚上玩的很開心thethingitselfisnotimportant事情本身并不重要練習(xí)：takegoodcareof(yourself).照顧好自己Shegainedcontralof(herself)她控制住了她自己第七講:實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的特征（Comereadgowatchplayfly）具有實(shí)在意義hecomesfromShenyang.他來(lái)自沈陽(yáng)（實(shí)意動(dòng)詞在句子中作謂語(yǔ)）（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）sheisreadingstorybooks她正在閱讀故事書.（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）TheywenttoAmericayesterday他們昨天去美國(guó)了（went是go的過去時(shí)）Wehavewatchedthegameforthreetimes我們已經(jīng)看這個(gè)游戲看了3遍了（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）Mymotherwillflybacktochinanextmonth。我的媽媽將在下個(gè)月飛回國(guó)（將來(lái)時(shí)，前面加上will）練習(xí)HecometoShanghaiyesterday。他昨天來(lái)上海了Wearewritinghomework我們正在寫作業(yè)Theyhavereadthisbookthreetimes他們讀這本書已經(jīng)讀3遍了。第八講:實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的否定/提問/回答.使用助動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行否定,在助動(dòng)詞(一般現(xiàn)在式)do(三單)does(過去式)did后面加not.Donot/don’tdoesnot/doesn’tdidnot/didn’t1,Idon’tgotoschoolbybus.我不坐公車去上學(xué).2,shedoesn’twatchTVeveryday.她每天不看電視3,theydidn’tswimlastnight.他們昨晚沒游泳使用助動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行提問:助動(dòng)詞放句首.動(dòng)詞變?cè)?1,heoftenplaysgolf.他經(jīng)常打高爾夫球Doesheoftenplaygolf

他經(jīng)常打高爾夫球嗎Yes,hedoes/No,hedoesn’t.2,theygotoschoolbybus.他們坐公車去上學(xué).Dotheygotoschoolbybus?他們坐公車去上學(xué)嗎Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t3,samhadbreakfastyesterday.sam昨天吃早餐了.Didsamhavebreakfastyesterday?

Yes,hedidNo,hedidn’t練習(xí):1,他每天都學(xué)英語(yǔ)嗎Doeshelearnenglidheveryday

Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t2,tom昨天沒吃早餐.(havebreakfast)tomdidn’thavebreakfastyesterday.第九講:使用疑問詞進(jìn)行提問和回答使用疑問詞進(jìn)行提問:whenwherewhowhathowHeboughtthreebooksyesterday.他昨天買了三本書Whoboughtthreebooksyesterday.誰(shuí)昨天買了三本書

Whatdidhebuyyesterday.他昨天買了什么疑問詞不是主語(yǔ)需加助動(dòng)詞在疑問詞后面Whendidhebuythreebooks?他什么時(shí)候買的三本書疑問詞不是主語(yǔ)需加助動(dòng)詞Theywantedtogotoshanghaibyair.Whowantedtogotoshanghaibyair?

Wheredidtheywanttogobyair?

Howdidtheywanttogotoshanghai?

第十講:使用疑問詞進(jìn)行提問和回答Howlong多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,howfar多遠(yuǎn),howoften多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次,why為什么1,theyhavebeeninchinaforthreeyears.Howlonghavetheybeeninchina.2,itisabout4kilometersfromBeijingtoXian?

HowfarisitfromBeijingtoXian?

3,theycometovisitmeonceaweek一星期一次.Howoftendotheycometovisitme?

4,shecamelate,becauseshemissedthebus.她來(lái)晚了,因此錯(cuò)過了公車.Whydidshecomelate?

練習(xí):1,他們學(xué)漢語(yǔ)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了

HowlonghavetheylearnedEnglish.現(xiàn)在完成式.2,你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看一次電影

Howoftendoyouwatchmovies?

你的家離學(xué)校多遠(yuǎn)

Howfarisitformyourhousetoyourschool?

第十一講:名詞1可數(shù)名詞(countablenoun)指數(shù)得過來(lái)的概念,有單復(fù)數(shù)之分Apple-applespencil-pecilsstudent-.Tomato-tomatoes一般加s以s.z.x.ch.sh結(jié)尾加es.Bus-buses以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,y變i加es以o結(jié)尾,如果不是外來(lái)詞或縮寫就加estomato-tomatoes縮寫hippo-hippos可數(shù)名詞前加a(an)或量詞Apple-anapple-applesaboxofapples.Tomato-atomato-tomatoesabagoftomatoes.2不可數(shù)名詞(uncountablenoun)無(wú)法計(jì)算的數(shù)量或抽象概念,不可加a,an,沒有復(fù)數(shù),但前面可加量詞SaltcoffeewaterhistoryloveCoffee-acupofcoffee,練習(xí):heboughtmeaboxofchocolate,abike第十二講:指示代詞和不定代詞指示代詞:標(biāo)識(shí)人或事物的代詞,用來(lái)代替前面已提到的名詞ThisthesethatthoseThisishisbook.Thoseappleswerehis.不定代詞:指代不確定的人或事物.one,theother,some,anysomething,nothing.Nooneknowsthereheis.Someoftheboyswanttogotoshanghai,buttheotherswanttogotoxian.Eachofthestudentshasgotabook.學(xué)生中的每一個(gè)人都有一本書.練習(xí):1,theseteachersareformchina2,Iknownothingaboutthisperson.3,Ihavesomethingtotellyou.第十三講:形容詞形容人或事物的狀態(tài),性質(zhì),大小等,通常用在名詞前或be動(dòng)詞后.Beautiful-thebeautifulgirlthegirlisbeautiful.The+形容詞=復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示一類,后面的動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù).Old-theoldyoung-theyoungtheoldneedmorecarethantheyoung.練習(xí);1,sheisagoodstudent.Thisbikeisexpansive.Therichsometimescomplaintheiremptylife.第十四講:副詞副詞可以修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,其它副詞以及其它結(jié)構(gòu).Herunsfast.Sheisverybeautiful.Theyworkveryhard.副司的位置:根據(jù)情況,入在助動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前或之后.形容詞之前,其它副詞之前或之后.多個(gè)助動(dòng)詞時(shí),副詞一般放在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后.Hespeaksveryfast.Theyhavealreadyleft.theyhavealreadybeenrepaired.常用的頻度副詞alwaysusually,often,sometimesnever的位置通常放在一般動(dòng)詞前面,Be動(dòng)詞后面,助動(dòng)詞和實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之間.Theyalwayscomeearly.Samoftenwriteshomeworkat7:00練習(xí):pleasewritethewordslowly.Theysometimescomehere.Thetreeisverytall.第十五講:不定量的表達(dá)法;不確定數(shù)量的表達(dá)法SomeanymosteveryallSome主要用于肯定句,希望得到肯定回答時(shí),也可用在疑問句中,any主要用在否定或疑問句中.I’dbeenexpectingsomelettersthewholemorning,butthereweren’tanyforme.Most作形容詞時(shí)表示大部分的.后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞.Mostpeopleherearefromchina.Every表示每一個(gè),所有,后面接單數(shù)名詞.Everyonelikesthefilm.All表示所有,后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù).Allthecarsareparkedintheparkinglot.Allthecoffeeisservedontime.練習(xí):someboyswentcampingyesterday.Allthechildrenliketoplayfootball.Mostteacherswanttoworkhere.第十六講:不定量表達(dá)法-2Both表示兩者都,可作形容詞,代詞和副詞,either表示二者之一,neither表示二者都不.Bothhiseyeswereseverelyburned.Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.Neitheransweriscorrect.Many修飾可數(shù)名詞,表示許多,much修飾不可數(shù)名詞,表示許多.Alotof(lotsof),plentyof均可修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞.Manybooksmuchwater.Alotof/lotsofbooks/water練習(xí):boththehandsarewashed.Tomdrankalotofcoffeelastnight.第十七講:不定量的表達(dá)法-3Afew為肯定含義幾個(gè),few為否定含義沒幾個(gè),二個(gè)詞均可和不可數(shù)名詞連用.Afewbooksareputintothebox.Fewbooksareputintothebox.Alittle為肯定含義一點(diǎn)兒,little為否定含義沒多點(diǎn).二個(gè)詞均可和不可數(shù)名詞連用Thereisalittlewaterinthebottle.Thereislittlewaterinthebottle.None,noone的意思相同,主要作代詞,為一個(gè)也不,一點(diǎn)也不.用法稍有區(qū)別.None可以接of短語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù).Noone不可以接of短語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù).Nooneknowstheanswer.Noneofushavearrived.練習(xí):afewbooksareputintothebox.Thereisalittlewaterinthebottle.Noneofushavearrived.第十八講:there/herebe句型.There/herebe,根據(jù)上下文,有多種翻譯方法,有,是.be動(dòng)詞根據(jù)后面的名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)變化.Thereisabookonthebookshelftherearesomebooksonthebookshelf.Hereisthebusstop.Hereareyourbooks.練習(xí):thereisalotofwaterinthebottle.Hereisyourcar.Therearemanystudentsintheroom.第十九講:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示通常性,規(guī)律性,習(xí)慣性狀態(tài)或者動(dòng)作,評(píng)語(yǔ)是三單有變化.非三單時(shí)為原形.Theyoftengetupat7:00heoftengetsupat7:00三單變化,加s.以字母s.x.ch.o結(jié)尾加es.Guess-guesses以輔音+y結(jié)尾,y變?yōu)閕再加es.Study-studies.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)否定和疑問句用do,doesHedoesn’tlikethecar.Doeshelikethecar

Yes,hedoes/no,hedoesn’tTheydon’tlikethecar.Dotheylikethecar

Yes,theydo/notheydon’t現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,通常有now等時(shí)間副詞響應(yīng),形式為be+VingTheyarewatchingTV.HeiswatchingTVIamwatchingTV.動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞Ving的變化規(guī)則:加ing以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing,take-taking重讀閉音節(jié),要雙寫尾字母再加ing,cut-cutting以ie結(jié)尾,變ie為y再加ing.Lie-lying.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)否定和疑問,be動(dòng)詞否定或提前.Theyaren’twatchingTV,aretheywatchingTV

Heisn’twatchingTV.IshewatchingTV?AmIwatchingTV

Yes,youare,no,youaren’t.練習(xí):heworksverylateeverydaydoyoustudyEnglishyourself

Yes,Ido.Theyareplayingsoccernow.第二十講:一般過去和過去進(jìn)行式一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),過去習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的行為基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式+其它,一般動(dòng)詞在動(dòng)詞后面加ed,還有些不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化.Play-playedcome-cameheworkedveryhardlastnight.Theycameherebycar.動(dòng)詞一般過去時(shí)變化規(guī)則:一般加ed.Play-played以字母e結(jié)尾只加d,like-liked輔音加y結(jié)尾,變y為i加ed.Supply-supplied.重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞后,雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母+edplan-planned過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.其形式為was/were+VingTheywerewaitingforyouhewastalkingwithhisfriendsjustnow.練習(xí):theywentswimmingyesterday.SamwatchingTVat7:00lastnight.第二十一講:將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或者發(fā)生的動(dòng)作與狀態(tài),常常和表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.如tomorrownextweek,inthefuture.助動(dòng)詞will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形,表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情.主語(yǔ)是i.we一般用shall.也可要以用will.其它用will.Theywillgotoshanghaibyshiptomorrow.Weshallleaveforshanghainextmonth.Begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形用來(lái)表示近期或事先考慮過的將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作以及有跡象表明必將發(fā)生某事,意為打算:就要.TheyaregoingtoplayfootballthisafternoonsheisgoingtolearnFrenchnextyear.Be+Ving表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞.Gocomeleavestartarrive,可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)Theyareleavingforjapansheisarrivingtomorrow.練習(xí):theyarecomingheresoon,samisgoingtolearnChinesenextmonth.Peterandmikewillfinishthejobtomorrowmorning.二十二講:完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/has+PP,動(dòng)作過去發(fā)生,已經(jīng)完成,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果,動(dòng)作可能還會(huì)持續(xù),可使用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為alreadyyetTheyhavealreadyarrivedinshanghaishehasplayedsoccerforthreehours.Shehasn’tfinishedthehomeworkyet.過去完成時(shí)had+PP,表示句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去之前,即過去的過去,已經(jīng)完成,對(duì)過去造成了影響或后果.TheyhadarrivedinshanghaishehadplayedsoccerforthreehoursTheyhadn’tfinishedtheworkyet.練習(xí):hehasstoppedthecaroutside.Shehasn’tbeentoshanghaiyet.Hadtheyplannedtostayhere?

第二十三講:動(dòng)詞的用法分為四類:實(shí)意動(dòng)詞notionalverb系動(dòng)詞linkverb助動(dòng)詞auxiliaryverb情態(tài)動(dòng)詞modelverb1動(dòng)詞有數(shù)量和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,時(shí)態(tài)通常有三大時(shí)態(tài),現(xiàn)在,過去,將來(lái)2根據(jù)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)可分為:一般時(shí),進(jìn)行時(shí),完成時(shí).使用動(dòng)詞時(shí)通常將1和2結(jié)合.如一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí).Hegoestoschooleverydayhewenttohospitallastnight.動(dòng)詞形態(tài)變化總結(jié):原形單三現(xiàn)在分詞過去式過去分詞PlayplaysplayingplayedplayedHavehashavinghadhadGogoesgoingwentgone第二十四講:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:cancouldmaymightCancould表示能力,用beableto代替can/could現(xiàn)在/過去的能力客觀可能性(can的可能性大)表示請(qǐng)求和允許但在時(shí)態(tài)里(can是現(xiàn)在,could是過去式)Hecan/could/isabletoswimhecan/couldcometomorrowcan/couldIstayhere\

May/might表示可能性,may的可能性大.請(qǐng)求,允許,might更委婉.口語(yǔ)中常用的回答:yes,pleaseno,youcan’t/mustn’t()禁止,不準(zhǔn))Hemay/mightcomeherebybusmay/mightIjoinyou

Yes,please/no,youcan’t/youmustn’t練習(xí):shecouldspeakFrenchbefore.Butnowshecan’t.MightIcomein

yes,please

第二十五講:情太動(dòng)詞(2)should,oughtto,must(haveto)Must,haveto表示必須,必要.must表示主觀多一點(diǎn),而haveto表示客觀條件必須去做的多一點(diǎn)Haveto有時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)量的變化,must和haveto二者的否定意義不大相同.Youmustn’tgo你不準(zhǔn)去,youdon’thavetogo,你不必去Youmustgetupearly,你必須早點(diǎn)起床,it’sgoingtorain,Ihavetogohomenow.Should表示勸告,建議,命令,其同義詞是oughtto,should強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法,oughtto強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀要求.在疑問句中,通常用should代替oughtto.Youshould/oughttodothejobrightnow.shouldtheystayherenow?

練習(xí):Ihaveto/mustgoandseemymotherinhospitaltomorrow.Youshould/oughttoworkharderthanthat.第二十六講:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(3)need/don’thavetoNeed:需要a:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可直接否定b:實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,否定要用助動(dòng)詞,有第三單和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,后面可加to不定式情太動(dòng)詞:heneedcomehereearly.Heneedn’tcomehereearly.Needhecomehereearly

Yes,heneed/no,heneedn’t實(shí)意動(dòng)詞:heneedstocomehereearly.Hedoesn’tneedtocomehereearly.Doesheneedtocomehereearly

Yes,hedoes/no,hedoesn’t回答must和haveto提問句時(shí),否定式使用needn’tdon’thaveto等回答方式MustIcomehereearlytomorrow

Yes,youmust,no,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.練習(xí):youneedn’tdoitagain.你不需要重復(fù)做了.Heneedn’t/doesn’thavetoworryaboutit.這件事他不需要擔(dān)心Doesheneedtodohomeworkfirst?他需要先做作業(yè)嗎第二十七講:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(4)hadbetter/wouldratherHadbetter表示最好做某事,had雖然是過去式,但不表示過去,better后面接動(dòng)詞原形.Hehadbettereatmore.他最好吃多點(diǎn)You’dbetterfinishitrightnow,你最好馬上做完這件事.Rightnow是強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在.Wouldrather表示寧愿,寧可,最好,還是…..為好.語(yǔ)感上比hadbetter要輕Youwouldratherdealwithitnow.現(xiàn)在你還是把它處理掉比較好.否定形式分別為hadbetternot+動(dòng)詞原形wouldrathernot+動(dòng)詞原形.Hehadbetternoteatmore,他最好別再吃了.Youwouldrathernotdealwithitnow.你最好別現(xiàn)在別處理那件事.練習(xí):youhadbetterstayhere.你最好呆在這里Iwouldrathernotsayit.我還是不說(shuō)的好.第二十八講:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(5)usedto+V/would+V表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,可翻譯為過去常?！?.A:usedto可指過去的狀態(tài)或情況,而would則不能.Thenovelusedtobepopular.Would表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,如果某一動(dòng)作沒有反復(fù)性,就不能用would,只能用usedto.HewouldpracticeEnglisheveryweek.他去過每個(gè)星期都練習(xí)英語(yǔ).IusedtoliveinBeijing.我過去住在北京.Usedto表示過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束,would則表示有可能再發(fā)生.Peopleusedtobelievethattheearthwasflat.人們過去常常相信地球是平的.Hewouldgototheparkassoonashewasfree.他過去一有時(shí)間就會(huì)去公園.練習(xí):thewindowusedtobeopen.窗戶過去一直開著的.Theywouldgathertogethereveryweek.他們每周都聚在一起.Samusedtoplaygolf,buthedoesn’tnow.sam過去經(jīng)常打高爾夫,但現(xiàn)在不打了第二十九講:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定和疑問形式情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+V原形.Hecan’tsinganEnglishsong.Hemaynotknowherhemustn’tgothere.Hedoesn’thavetogothere.Mayn’t:不可能maynot可能不.Mustn’t:不準(zhǔn)have后面接to,have當(dāng)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,否定要加助動(dòng)詞.使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行提問:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+V原形CanhesinganEnglishsong

Yes,hecan.No,hecan’tMusthegothere

Yes,hemust,no,heneedn’tDoeshehavetogothere

Yes,hedoes,no,hedoesn’tCanIstayhere

Yes,pleasemustshegobacknow.no,sheneedn’tDoeshehavetogetupat9:00,yes,hedoes.第三十講:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+PPa.表達(dá)過去事實(shí).b.推測(cè)的含義.但助動(dòng)詞should除外Hemusthavearrived.他準(zhǔn)是已經(jīng)到了.這個(gè)是可能性最大的.Hecan/couldhavearrived.他可能已經(jīng)到了.這個(gè)可能性第二大.Hemay/mighthavearrived.他可能已經(jīng)到了.這個(gè)可能性最不大.Should+have+pp:本應(yīng)該…….Needn’t+have+PP.本不需要…..Heshouldhavearrived.他本來(lái)應(yīng)該到了,但是沒到Theyshouldhavefinishedthework.他們本來(lái)應(yīng)該完成那個(gè)工作的.但是沒完成.Youneedn’thavedoneso.你本來(lái)不需要那么做的.但你做了.MusthavePP,準(zhǔn)是已經(jīng)…..Can’thavepp不可能已經(jīng)……Hemusthavearrived.他準(zhǔn)是已經(jīng)到了.Hecan’thavearrived,他不可能已經(jīng)到了.練習(xí):hecan可能havearrived.五個(gè)都可以.Hemust準(zhǔn)是havearrived.Youneedn’t本不需要havedoneso.Theyshould本應(yīng)該havefinishedtheworkHecan’t不可能havearrived.第三十一講:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(1)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成和含義.如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,則用動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作謂語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成:be+PP…bysb.他被媽媽帶到了美國(guó)heistakentoAmericabyhismother.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有各種時(shí)態(tài):Theinformationisneededbyus.一般時(shí)theinformationisbeingneededbyus.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Thebookwasbeingreadbyhim過去進(jìn)行時(shí)thebookwasreadbyhim一般過去式Thecomputerhasbeenusedbyher完成時(shí)被動(dòng)Theroomwillbecleaned房間將會(huì)被打掃.Thecomputercouldhavebeenusedbythem.那個(gè)電腦可能已經(jīng)被他們使用過了.練習(xí)一個(gè)空一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài):theinformationisneeded.情報(bào)被需要,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Thebookwasread書被讀了,一般過去時(shí)thedoorhasbeenopened.門已經(jīng)被打開了.完成時(shí)被動(dòng)Thebookwasbeingread書過去一直被讀,過去進(jìn)行時(shí)thecomputerhadbeenused.那個(gè)電腦過去已經(jīng)被用過了過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).Thecomputercouldhavebeenused.那這個(gè)電腦可能已經(jīng)被使用過了.過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).Theroomwillbecleaned.房間將會(huì)被打掃.一般將來(lái)時(shí)第三十二講:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)合Can/could+be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞PPMay/mightmust/havetoshould/oughttohadbetter/wouldratherusedto/wouldNeed+doing/tobe+動(dòng)詞過去分詞PP.和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)合的形式:Thefoodcouldbetakenaway.食品可以被帶走.Thefoodmightbetakenaway.食品可以被帶走.Thefoodmustbetakenaway食品必需被帶走.Thefoodshouldbetakenaway食品應(yīng)該被帶走.Thefoodmeedstakingaway食品需要應(yīng)該被帶走.三單,實(shí)意動(dòng)詞Thefoodhadbetterbetakenaway食品最好被帶走.Booksusedtobereturnedintwodays.書過去常常在二天內(nèi)被還回去.練習(xí):theroommaybecleaned門可能被打掃了.Thedoormustbelocked.門必須被鎖上.Thehouseshouldbefurnished房子應(yīng)該被整修了.Thetreehadbetterbewaterednow.這樹最好現(xiàn)在被澆水.第三十三講:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(3)by+行為者(可以省略)動(dòng)作的行為者不分明,或不重要,或上下文中提到了行為者時(shí),by+行為者省略掉.Theinformationisneeded.Thebookisbeingreadthedoorwasopened.練習(xí):thedoorisopened門被打開了.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Thebookisbeingread.書正被讀著.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Thecomputerhasbeenused電腦已經(jīng)被用了.完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Thepencilhadbeensharpened,鉛筆已經(jīng)被削尖了.過去完成時(shí)態(tài).第三十四講:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(4)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的疑問句.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般疑問句:助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+其它助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞過去分詞….

Istheinformationneededbyhim

Yes,itisno,itisn’tHasthecomputerbeenusedbyher

Yes,ithas,no,ithasn’tWilltheroombecoeaned

Yes,itwill,no.itwon’t被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊疑問句:疑問詞+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+(其它助動(dòng)詞)+動(dòng)詞過去分詞….

TheinformationisneededbythemWhatisneededbythem?

ThegirlistakentoshanghaiWhereisthegirltaken?

Thebookhasbeenreadthreetimes.Howmanytimeshasthebookbeenread?

練習(xí):isthebookbeingreadbyher

那本書正在被她讀嗎Hasthecomputerbeenusedbythem?電腦被他們用過了嗎現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)HowoftenisEnglishclasstaken

英語(yǔ)課多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間被上一次現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).第三十五講:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(1)to+動(dòng)詞原形,動(dòng)詞原形+ing動(dòng)詞不定式:由to+動(dòng)詞原形,可以做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),賓補(bǔ),定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)Togettherebybikewilltakeusanhour,Thedriverfailedtoseethecarintime.Webelievehimtobeguilty.有罪的thenexttraintoarriveisfromseoul.Mysuggestionistoputoff推遲themeetingIcomehereonlytosaygoodbyetoyou.動(dòng)詞原形+ing可作動(dòng)名詞用,具有動(dòng)詞的特征和變化形式,但在句子中的用法及功能類同名詞,在句子中可以作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),也可以被副詞修飾或者支配賓語(yǔ)Readingisanart.Theywentonwalkingandneverstoppedtalk.Yourtaskisquicklycleaningthewindows.Thisisareadingroom練習(xí):tofinishtheworkwilltakeusanhour.IcomeheretosaygoodbyetoyouTalkingisanart.第三十六講:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(2)假主語(yǔ)/真主語(yǔ)不定式/動(dòng)名詞的否定式.To不定式或動(dòng)名詞可以在主語(yǔ)的位置上,但一般用it代替它作形式主語(yǔ),這種情況it叫形式主語(yǔ).It’sagreathonortobeinvited.被邀請(qǐng)很榮幸.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收.Cryingover:對(duì)…..哭.在賓語(yǔ)的位置上,用it代替它作形式賓語(yǔ),這種情況叫形式賓語(yǔ).WethinkitimportarttolearnEnglish我們認(rèn)為學(xué)英語(yǔ)很重要.Ifounditpleasantwalkinginthepark.在公園走是件樂事.對(duì)動(dòng)名詞或不定式進(jìn)行否定時(shí),在不定式或動(dòng)名詞前加not否定就可以.Hepretendednottoseeherheregretsnotjoiningthem.練習(xí):itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.WethinkitimportanttolearnEnglish.Hepretendednottoseeher.第三十七講:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(3)to不定式表示目的Inorderto+V表示目的.可置于句首或句尾Soasto+V表示目的.只能置于句尾I’vewrittenitdowninordertorememberit.Inordertorememberit,I’vewrittenitdown.我把它寫下來(lái)為了記住它.Heshoutedandwavedsoastobenoticed.他大聲的喊并且揮手目的是被注意到.它們的否定形式分別為to前加notI’vewrittenitdowninordernottoforgetit.我寫下它為了不忘記它.Hesaidnothingsoasnottobenoticed.他什么都沒說(shuō),目的是不被注意.練習(xí):hegetsupearlyinorderto/soastoarriveatschoolontime.Hewroteitdowninordernotto/soasnottoforgetit.第三十八講:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(4)常見的不定式和動(dòng)名詞句型包含不定式和動(dòng)名詞的一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)Too….to…..:太…..以至于不能……(是否定的意思)Theroomistoosmalltolive.房間太小以至于不能住.Enough+n+toV:足夠……可以……(是肯定的意思),adj+enough+V:什么足夠……可以……Thereisenoughfoodtoeat.有足夠多的食物可以去吃.Theboxisbigenoughtocontainsixapples.包含不定式和動(dòng)名詞的一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)On+Ving:一……就…….Onseeingthesnake,thegirlwasveryfrightened.一看到那條蛇,這個(gè)女孩就非常害怕.ThereisnohopeofVing:沒希望….Thereisnohopeofseeinghim.沒希望看見他了FeellikeVing:想要…..Ifeellikeeatingicecreamnow.HveahardtimeVing:做…艱難.Theyhaveahardtimesolvingtheproblemthemselves解決這問題對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)很困難.練習(xí):thereareenoughbookstoreadIfeellikedrinkingcoffeenow.theroomistoosmalltolive.第三十九講:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(5)現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞,分詞句Ving可稱為動(dòng)名詞,也可稱為現(xiàn)在分詞.Writing動(dòng)名詞booksishisjob.Heiswriting現(xiàn)在分詞abook.動(dòng)詞的PP形式可稱之為動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,用在完成時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)當(dāng)中.Hehaswrittenthehomework.完成時(shí),他已經(jīng)寫完了作業(yè).Thehomeworkiswritten.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),作業(yè)被寫了.分詞句是包含現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的分句.Thestudentswentoutofthecolassroom,laughingandtalking.學(xué)生們一邊笑一邊談去到課室外了.Accompanied伴隨著byhisfriend,hewenttotherailwaystation.被他的朋友伴隨著去了火車站.練習(xí):helikesdrinkingcoffee.Thedoorwaslocked.Givenbetterattention,theplantscouldgrowbetter.第四十講:原形不定式(1)使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞,表示”使/讓”,have,make,let+賓語(yǔ)+V.Hemademelaugh.他使我笑了,過去時(shí)態(tài).Ilethimgo.Pleasehavehimcomehere.請(qǐng)讓他來(lái)這兒Get讓,help幫.都做使役動(dòng)詞,get的使役動(dòng)詞句為get+賓語(yǔ)+to+V,help的使役動(dòng)詞句為help+賓語(yǔ)+(to)V.Ican’tgetanyonetodotheworkproperly.我不能讓任何人準(zhǔn)確的做這份工作.Ihelpedhim(to)repairthecar.我?guī)退蘩砹怂男∑噃ave,make,let,Get,help所有使役動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+過去分詞,表示讓某物/人被別人…….Imustgetmyhaircuthecouldn’tmakehimselfheard.Canyougettheworkfinishedintime.練習(xí):hemademelaughIlethimgo.Imustgetmyhaircut.第四十一講:原形不定式(2)感官動(dòng)詞See,watch,obwerve,notice,hear,smell,taste,feel+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形/現(xiàn)在分詞A,加動(dòng)詞原形:表示動(dòng)作的真實(shí)性B,加現(xiàn)在分詞,表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性,進(jìn)行性.Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.表示看見他做這件事的真實(shí)性Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.表示看見他正在工作.連續(xù)性,進(jìn)行性.和使役動(dòng)詞相似,感官動(dòng)詞后可接過去分詞,感官動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+過去分詞.Johnsawthemanknockeddownbythecar.看見被小車撞倒了.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).Iwatchedadogrun/runninginthegardenyesterday.Iheardsamsenttothehospital.第四十二講:假設(shè)(1)只單純表示條件假設(shè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,從句為現(xiàn)在時(shí),通常譯作如果…..Ifyougetupearly,youwillcatchupwiththetrain.趕上If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾.Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.Shewillbeupsetifyoufailtheexam.練習(xí):ifheruns,hewillgetthereintime.Thecatscratchesyou,ifyoupullhertail.第四十三講:假設(shè)(2)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣.If從句是一種虛擬的條件或假設(shè),和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的,主從句時(shí)態(tài)具體如下:從句:動(dòng)詞過去式(be用were)主句:would/could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldjointhem.Shewouldcomewithyouifyouinvitedher.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.IfIhadanymoneywithme,Iwouldlendyousome.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.第四十四講:假設(shè)(3)與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣.If從句是一種虛擬的條件或假設(shè),和過去事實(shí)相反的.主從句的時(shí)態(tài)具體如下:從句:had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞主句:形態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去分詞would/could/should/might+have+動(dòng)詞過去分詞.IfIhadgotthereearlier,Ishouldhavemethim.Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.練習(xí):ifhehadstudiedharder,hemighthavepassedtheexam.Iftherehadbeenaheavysnow,weshouldnothavegoneskating.IfIhadgetthereearlier,Iwouldhavemether.第四十五講:假設(shè)(4)wish/asif+過去/過去完成時(shí).Wish后面的從句,譯為希望….就好了.是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè).A,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反愿望;IwishIwereastallasyou(一般過去時(shí))B.與過去事實(shí)相反愿望.Hewishedhehadn’tsaidhtat(過去完成時(shí))C,將來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.Would/should/couldAsif,翻譯為看起來(lái)好像….A,如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反.Youlookasifyoudidn’tcare.B,從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反.HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore.C,從句表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反.Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.練習(xí):IwishIwereastallasyou.Hetalksasifheknewwhereshewas.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.第四十六講:定語(yǔ)從句(關(guān)系代詞)that,who,which,whom.定語(yǔ)從句:在句中做定語(yǔ),修飾一個(gè)名詞或代語(yǔ),被修飾的名詞,叫先行詞.其后的從句就是定語(yǔ)從句,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出.關(guān)系代詞:在從句中做一定的成分,代替先行詞,起到連接先行詞和從句的作用.常用關(guān)系代詞.That,who,which,whom,whoseThegirlwhom/thatIspoketoismycousin.先行詞是人的話用that,who,whom,whose來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.whom在從句中做賓語(yǔ).Who,that在從句中媽既可作主語(yǔ)也可作賓語(yǔ)Theyarepeoplethat/whowereseenyesterday.先行詞作主語(yǔ).被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),被看見.Theyarethepeoplewhom/that/whoIsawyesterday.先行詞做賓語(yǔ).Theyarethepeoplewhosewalletswerelostyesterday.先行詞做主語(yǔ).,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).先行詞是物/事物的話,用which,that,whose來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句Which,that在從句中可作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略Hecamebackforthebookwhich/that可省略he