大學(xué)英語跨文化交際教程案例分析雙語答案

大學(xué)英語跨文化交際教程案例分析雙語答案大學(xué)英語跨文化交際教程案例分析雙語答案大學(xué)英語跨文化交際教程案例分析雙語答案資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月大學(xué)英語跨文化交際教程案例分析雙語答案版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：Case2:WhiteDressCaseanalysis:TheIndianwomenmightthinktheweddingceremonyisafuneraliftheyseethewesternbrideinwhitegown.Thecasereflectsthesimilesandmetaphorsinthetext.Cultureislikeaniceberg:wecanidentifythecolorofthedresswornbywomenindifferentcultures,butwedonotknowthevaluesunderneath.Cultureislikethewaterafishswimsin:peopleweardressofdifferentcolorsfordifferentcontextbuttheyusuallytakeitforgrantedandneveraskwhy.白色的裙子案例分析:印度女人可能認為婚禮是一個葬禮,如果他們看到西方新娘白色禮服。案例反映了明喻和隱喻的文本。文化就像一座冰山:我們可以識別婦女所穿的衣服的顏色在不同的文化,但是我們不知道下面的值。文化就像水中的魚游:人們穿著不同顏色的不同的背景,但他們通常是理所當(dāng)然,從不問為什么。Case4:Coconut-skatingCaseanalysis:Thecasereflectsthecharacteristicsofculture.Wecantellfromthecasethatcultureispervasiveandit’slearned.Peoplemayinventdifferentwaysforthingsevenassimpleastheissueoffloormoping.ThePhilippinewomanmusthavelearnedthiswayofmoppingfromherownculture.Coconut-skating案例分析:這一事件反映出文化的特點。我們可以告訴從文化無處不在的情況下學(xué)習(xí)。人們甚至可以創(chuàng)造不同的東西一樣簡單的問題地板悶悶不樂。菲律賓女人必須學(xué)會了這樣的擦自己的文化。Case12:WhyDon’tYouEatthePizza?Thiscasecanreflecttheproblemsappearingduringinterculturalcommunicationandhowignoringculturaldifferencescanaffectcommunication.InMalaysia,wheremostpeopleareMuslims,peoplethinkthelefthandisusedonlyforcleaningthebodyandthusitisdirtyandcannotbeusedtopassfood.Knowingnothingabouttheculturaldifference,theAmericanstudentputshimselfinanembarrassingsituation.你為什么不吃比薩嗎?這種情況下可以反映出跨文化交流中出現(xiàn)的問題,忽略文化差異如何影響溝通。在馬來西亞,大多數(shù)人都是穆斯林,人們認為左手是僅用于清洗身體,因此它是臟的,不能用來傳遞食物。任何了解文化差異,美國學(xué)生把自己在一個尷尬的局面。ADanishWomaninNewYorkThiscasecanreflectassumingsimilarityinsteadofdifference.Whencommunicatingwithpeoplefromanotherculture,oneislikelytoregardandtreatotherpeopleas“hispeople”andtoassumetheremustbeonlyonewayofdoingthings:thatis“hisway”.Inthiscase,theDanishwomanassumesthatherbehaviorofleavingthebabyalone,whichiscommoninDenmark,isalsoappropriateinNewYork.Here,sheassumeswhatissuitableinherowncultureisalsoindisputableinanotherculture.Thatiswhythesmallconflicthappens.一個丹麥的女人在紐約這種情況下可以反映假設(shè)相似而不同。當(dāng)與人交流從另一種文化,一個是可能認為和對待他人是“他的人”,認為必須有做事的方法只有一個:這是“他的方式”。在這種情況下,丹麥女人假定她獨自離開孩子的行為,這是常見的在丹麥,在紐約也合適。這里,她認為什么是適合自己的文化在另一種文化也是毋庸置疑的。這就是為什么會發(fā)生小沖突。Girl-nessThiscasecanreflectoneofthetranslationproblems:thelackofconceptualequivalence,whichreferstoabstractideasthatmaynotexistinthesamefashionindifferentlanguages.Differentculturesmayattachdifferentmeaningstothesamethingorperson.Concerningthiscase,weshouldknowwhatyoungfemalescallthemselvesisverydifferentinChinafromtheStates.InChina,"girl"meanssomeonewhoisyoungandsingle.Inaway,itmakesafemalesoundmoredesirabletobecalledagirlratherthanawoman.Formostpeople,"woman"meanssomeonewhoismarriedandwhoprobablyisnotyoung.Infact,mostsingleChinesefemales,suchasuniversitystudents,wouldbeinsultedtobecalled"women".WhileintheWest,informal,publicsettings,itiscustomarytocallanywomanwhoispastpubertyawoman,eventhoughshemaynotbelegallyoldenoughtovote,marry,purchasealcoholicbeverages,driveacar,orsignacontract.Thisterminologybecamewidespreadduringthe"women'sliberationmovementinthe1960s".Theterm"'girl"issometimesinterpretedtobedemeaningordisrespectful.girl-ness這種情況下可以反映出一個翻譯問題:缺乏概念的等價性,指的是抽象的概念,在不同的語言中不存在的以相同的方式。不同的文化含義是不同的同一件事或人。關(guān)于這種情況,我們應(yīng)該知道什么是年輕女性自稱從美國在中國非常不同。在中國,“女孩”意味著年輕和單身的人。在某種程度上,它讓女性聲音更可取的被稱為一個女孩而不是女人。對大多數(shù)人來說,“女人”是指結(jié)婚的人誰可能不年輕。事實上,大多數(shù)中國單身女性,如大學(xué)生、會侮辱了被稱為“女人”。而在西方,在正式、公共設(shè)置,按照慣例打電話給任何女人過去的青春期女性,盡管她可能不是合法投票年齡,結(jié)婚,購買酒精飲料,開車,或簽訂合同。這個術(shù)語普及在“1960年代的婦女解放運動”?！芭ⅰ币辉~有時被解釋為是貶低或無禮。Case25:SuccessStoryOneofthesourcesofthefrustrationandmisunderstandingsthatoccurredinthiscasewasdifferentnotionsofwhatwasverballyrelevant.Inthiscase,Marywasexpectingamuchmoredirectresponsetoherquestion.Ms.Goshima,however,wasuncomfortablewiththequestionandfeltherresponseshouldbeveryindirectandestablishapropersenseofmodestybeforerevealingtheanswertothequestion.IfMaryhadbeenmorepatient,shewouldhaveeventuallyheardtheanswertoherquestion,butshewasnotreallypayingattentionwhenitfinallycamebecauseshefeltthatMs.Goshima'scommentsweren'treallyrelevanttoherquery.成功的故事挫折和誤解的來源之一,在這種情況下發(fā)生不同的口頭的觀念有關(guān)。在這種情況下,瑪麗在等更直接回應(yīng)她的問題。Goshima女士是不舒服的問題,覺得她的反應(yīng)應(yīng)該非常間接,建立適當(dāng)?shù)闹t遜的品質(zhì)在暴露的問題的答案。如果瑪麗更有耐心,最終她會聽見她的問題的答案,但她沒有注意的時候終于到了,因為她覺得Goshima女士對她的評論并不真正相關(guān)查詢。Case33:AreAmericansIndifferent?Thiscasecanreflectdifferentnonverbalcommunicationpatternsexistintheactualinterculturalcommunication,especiallyfacialexpressiondifferaccordingtodifferentcultures.ComparedtomostChinese,Americansliketosmilealotandtohavecausalandrichfacialexpressionsintheirdailylives,eventhoughtheyhavesomemisfortune.Inthiscase,becauseofthedifferentopinionsaboutfacialexpressionsininterculturalcommunication,theAmericanladytalkedaboutherfather’ssicknessanddeathinasmilingwaytoshowshestillhastheoptimisticwaytotreatthefuturelife,whichismisunderstoodasbeingindifferentandselfishbytheChinese.是美國人漠不關(guān)心?這種情況下可以反映不同的非語言溝通模式存在于實際的跨文化交際,特別是面部表情不同根據(jù)不同的文化。與大多數(shù)中國相比,美國人喜歡微笑和因果和豐富的面部表情在日常生活中,即使他們有一些不幸。在這種情況下,由于不同意見的面部表情在跨文化交流,美國女士談到她父親的疾病和死亡以微笑的方式來顯示她還有樂觀的<>應(yīng)用:ds:樂觀對待未來的生活方式,這是誤解,被中國人冷漠和自私。Case36:Don’tPutYourHandonMyArmThiscasecanreflectdifferentcultureshavedifferentopinionstospatialrelations.Differentcultureshaveverydifferentopinionsaboutanindividual’sunconsciouslystructuringthemicrospaceimmediatelysurroundingthephysicalbody.Someculturescanhaverelativelyclosedistancewhencommunicatingwhileotherculturescannot.Somewesternculturesconsiderbodytouchbetweenpeopleofthesamegendertobeculturaltabooandasymbolofbeinghomosexual.Inthiscase,Samisfromwesternculturesandknowsthesocialtabooofbodytouchveryclearly,sohewouldn’tletothersmisunderstandMark’sclosebodydistanceandtouchwithhim,eventhoughMarkfromChiledoesn’tknowtheculturaltabooatall.不要把你的手放在我的胳膊這種情況下可以反映不同的文化有不同的看法的空間關(guān)系。不同的文化有不同的意見關(guān)于個人的無意識地構(gòu)建microspace立即身體周圍。一些文化中可以有相對較近的距離,當(dāng)其他文化雖然不能交流。一些西方文化認為人們之間的身體接觸相同的性別文化禁忌,被同性戀的象征。在這種情況下,薩姆是西方文化和身體接觸的社會禁忌知道得很清楚,所以他不會讓別人誤解了馬克和他的親密的身體距離和聯(lián)系,盡管馬克從智利不知道的文化禁忌。Case41:GettingFrustratedJaywasfrustratedinlargepartbecausemanyofthenormshewasusedtodidn'tapplyinSaudiArabia,andmanySaudinormsdidnotmakesensetohim.MuchofthebusinessdoneinSaudiArabiadependsonbaksheesh,atypeofkickbacktoamiddleman(anditisaman),whofacilitatescontactsbetweenpotentialbusinesspartners.Themiddlemanisdoingaserviceandexpectstogetpaidforit.Themorebaksheeshthepersongives,themorelikelyitisthatthepersonwillsucceed,becausethemiddlemanwillbesuretotreathimverywell.GivingbaksheeshisanormintheSaudibusinesscommunity.Inaddition,SaudisbelievethatGodgaveusmultifunctionalhandsandthatthehandisourbesttoolforeating.However,theyarealsoconcernedwithhygiene.Theyreservethelefthandforcleaningthemselvesandusetherighthandforeating.Saudishaveanumberofnormsrelatedtorestrictingmaleandfemaleinteractionthat,withinthecontextoftheirreligiousbeliefs,makeperfectsensebutwouldbeveryinappropriatetomostWesterners.變得沮喪周杰倫很沮喪在很大程度上是因為許多規(guī)范他被用于不適用于沙特阿拉伯,和許多沙特規(guī)范對他沒有意義。大部分的工作在沙特阿拉伯取決于小費,一個類型的回扣中間人(這是一個人),促進潛在業(yè)務(wù)合作伙伴之間的聯(lián)系。中間人做的服務(wù),希望得到報酬。小費給的人越多,越有可能是,人會成功,因為中間商一定會對他很好。給小費是沙特商界的規(guī)范。此外,沙特人相信上帝給了我們多功能手,吃手是我們最好的工具。然而,他們也關(guān)心衛(wèi)生。他們儲備清洗自己的左手,用右手吃飯。沙特有許多規(guī)范與限制男女互動,他們的宗教信仰的上下文中,完美的意義但大多數(shù)西方人會很不恰當(dāng)。Case43:TheImprovementDoesNotWorkFollowingtheirindividualisticorientations,Mr.PattersonandMr.Wymanwereperfectlycomfortablewiththeideaofcreatingteamleaderswithintheindividualsalesgroups.However,asParkYoungSammentions,doingsoupsettheharmonyofthegroups,whichinturnledtopoorperformance.IntheUnitedStates,workersareoftenmotivatedbytheopportunityforpromotionandadvancementasthisservestheindividualisticdriveforindividualachievement.Incollectivisticcultures,however,workersmaybemotivatedbybeingapartofacohesiveandproductiveteam.Individualismandcollectivismaretermsthatdescribewholecultures.Butculturesarenotpure.Membersofcollectivistculturesmaypracticeindividualistictendencieswhilemembersofindividualistculturesmayvaluecollectivistideals.Forexample,Denmarkisacountrywithbothcollectivisticandindividualistictendencies.InDenmark,individualfreedomisnurturedthroughadevotiontoestablishedtraditionsandcustoms.Regardingincomeandsocialrank,Danesarestaunchlyegalitarian.Atthesametime,however,Danesconsiderthemselvesfreetobenonconformistandtostandoutfromthegroup.Inthisway,Danesmaybeatthetheoreticalmidpointoftheindividualismandcollectivismculturalcontinuum.改善不工作個人主義取向后,帕特森先生和Wyman先生是完全滿意的想法創(chuàng)造團隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在各個銷售組。然而,作為公園年輕的山姆提到,這樣打亂了團體的和諧,進而導(dǎo)致低劣的性能。在美國,工人往往出于晉升和發(fā)展的機會,這是個人主義的個人成就。在集體主義的文化中,然而,工人可能出于一個凝聚力和生產(chǎn)力的團隊的一部分。個人主義和集體主義術(shù)語描述整個文化。但文化不純。集體主義文化的成員可能實踐個人主義傾向而成員個人主義文化的集體主義價值理想。例如,丹麥是一個國家與集體主義和個人主義的傾向。在丹麥,個人自由是通過對培養(yǎng)建立的傳統(tǒng)和習(xí)俗。關(guān)于收入和社會地位,丹麥人是堅定的平等。然而,與此同時,丹麥人認為自己是自由是不信奉國教的,并從人群中脫穎而出。這樣,丹麥人可能理論中點的個人主義和集體主義文化的統(tǒng)一體。Case44:WhenShallWeMeetForDinner?Uncertaintyavoidanceorientationcanbeseeninthiscase.Inthedialoguepresentedbelow,KellyandKeikoareinteractingaboutadinnerinvitation.Kelly,fromtheUnitedStates,possessesarelativelylowuncertaintyavoidanceindex,whileKeiko,fromJapan,comesfromaculturewitharelativelyhighuncertaintyavoidanceindex.Inthedialogueabove,KeikoisconfusedbyKelly’seasygoingattitudetowardtheevening’splans.Comingfromahighuncertainty-avoidantculture,Keikowouldprefertoplanaheadtoavoiduncertaintyandprepareherscriptfortheevening.Kelly,ontheotherhand,isperfectlycomfortablemakingplansbasedonhowtheeveningprogresses.Withoutaplan,howwillKeikoknowhowtoact當(dāng)我們吃晚飯見面好嗎?在這種情況下可以看到不確定性規(guī)避取向。下面的對話,凱利和Keiko交互對晚餐的邀請。凱利,來自美國,擁有相對較低不確定性規(guī)避指數(shù),惠子,來自日本、來自一個文化相對較高的不確定性規(guī)避指數(shù)。在上面的對話中,Keiko混淆了凱利的隨和態(tài)度晚上的計劃。來自高uncertainty-avoidant文化,Keiko寧愿提前計劃,以避免不確定性和準備晚上她的腳本。凱利,另一方面,是完全舒適的晚上制定計劃基于如何進展。沒有計劃,Keiko怎么知道如何行動呢?Case48:GiftfromaChineseChinesepeoplelovegivinggifts.Usually,thevalueofthegiftisanindicationofhowimportantthereceiverisinthesender’seyes.Mostpeoplegivinggiftsareconcernedaboutwhetherthegiftwillbeseenasvaluableenough.Aninexpensivegiftmeansalossofface.Dongxiemayhaveapracticalreasoningivingtheginsengtohismanager,butmostChinesewilltakeitassomethingusualforasubordinatetodothistoamanageroutofasignofrespect.NorthAmericancompaniesdooccasionallyreceivegiftsoutofappreciationforthefriendshipandassistancethemanagermayprovide.Suchgiftsaretrea