英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)集錦

英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)集錦英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)集錦英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)集錦資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)集錦版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)一、Idioms的定義：廣義的idioms包括：1.setphrase短語(yǔ)，2.proverbs諺語(yǔ)，3.sayings俗語(yǔ),4.epigrams警句，5.slang俚語(yǔ)，6.colloquialisms口語(yǔ)，7.quotations名言/語(yǔ)錄，8.two-partallegoricalsayings寓言9.allusions典故漢語(yǔ)中包括：1.成語(yǔ)setphrases，2.諺語(yǔ)proverbs，3.俗語(yǔ)colloquialism,4.歇后語(yǔ)allegoricalsaying二、英語(yǔ)idioms的來(lái)源1．FromtheBible圣經(jīng)故事:1)Castpearlsbeforeswine對(duì)牛彈琴；白費(fèi)好意

這個(gè)成語(yǔ)源自《新約。馬太福音》第7章：“Givenotthatwhichisholyuntothedogs,neithercastyeyourpearlsbeforeswine,lesttheytramplethemundertheirfeet,andturnagainandrendyou”.2）Don’tyouseethewritingonthewall難道你沒(méi)有看出大難臨頭了嗎（writingonthewall意為“不詳之兆”，典出《舊約全書》）2.Fromthefables寓言故事:1)VeperandFile出自《伊索寓言》，說(shuō)的是一條蝰蛇（Viper）發(fā)現(xiàn)一把鐵銼（File），以為是一頓美餐。但鐵銼說(shuō)，它的天職是咬別人，而不是被別人咬。后人借此比喻“騙人者反受人騙”，漢譯時(shí)要作直譯或意譯處理。2)killthegoosetogettheeggs，源于希臘寓言，說(shuō)的是曾有一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)下人，因?yàn)榘l(fā)財(cái)心切殺死了自己飼養(yǎng)的那只能下金蛋的鵝，以為如此就可一次獲得全部想象中的金塊，但其結(jié)果一無(wú)所獲。3．Fromfairytales神話故事：1)raincatsanddogs，源于北歐神話，貓對(duì)天氣有很大影響，英國(guó)水手至今說(shuō)：“貓尾巴藏大風(fēng)”。據(jù)說(shuō)駕暴風(fēng)雨的巫士化為貓形。狗是風(fēng)的信號(hào)，狗和狼都是暴風(fēng)雨神奧丁的隨從。在德國(guó)古畫中，風(fēng)被畫成狗頭和狼頭。因此，貓被年作暴雨的象征，狗是伴隨暴雨的強(qiáng)風(fēng)，toraincatsanddogs就是torainheavily/hard，漢譯便為“下傾盆大到雨”。2)Analthea’shorn，漢譯常為“豐饒的羊角”。阿瑪爾忒亞（Amalthea），希臘祖籍中一神女，是宙斯（Zeus為主神，相當(dāng)于羅馬神話中的朱庇特Jupiter）的保姆。嬰兒時(shí)宙斯由神女阿瑪爾忒亞喂以羊乳。為了感思，宙斯敲下一羊角送給她。許諾讓羊角主人永遠(yuǎn)豐饒。

3)theswordofDamocles達(dá)摩克利斯的劍，臨頭的危險(xiǎn)（希臘神話，廷臣達(dá)摩克利斯羨慕國(guó)王狄?jiàn)W尼修斯的國(guó)王生活，國(guó)王于是用一根頭發(fā)將一把到件劍懸掛在王位上，讓達(dá)摩克利斯坐在上面）4。Fromhistoryallusion/legend歷史典故/傳說(shuō)1)burnone’sboats（bridges），此成語(yǔ)中的bridges為美國(guó)人所使用，原指古羅馬朱力斯·凱撒大軍乘船越過(guò)Rubicon后就把船燒了，以此向士兵指明后路已斷，不可能后退?，F(xiàn)借用來(lái)比喻“不留后路，下定決心干到底”，同漢語(yǔ)的“破釜沉舟“。

2）Leavenostoneunturned，相傳公元前447年波斯獎(jiǎng)軍馬多尼奧斯在希臘的普拉蒂亞兵敗被殺后，留下一大批財(cái)寶在軍帳里。底比斯的波利克拉特斯搜尋卻一無(wú)所獲，請(qǐng)示德?tīng)栰成裰I后知道要“翻轉(zhuǎn)所有的石頭”，最后找到了財(cái)寶。現(xiàn)借此比喻想方設(shè)法等，漢譯為“千方百計(jì)，想盡辦法”3）aSpartanlook簡(jiǎn)樸的;艱苦的（古希臘斯巴達(dá)人以簡(jiǎn)樸和不畏艱辛著稱）4）aTrojanHorse內(nèi)奸,暗藏之?dāng)?）theheelofAchilles致命的弱點(diǎn)6）GordianKnot難題；僵局7）haveanaxetogrind別有用心,另有企圖5.Fromliteratureworks文學(xué)作品:1)SimonLegree“殘暴之徒，尖酸刻薄、好吹毛求疵的人”SimonLegree是美國(guó)女作家斯陀夫人所著《湯姆大伯的小屋》一書中管黑奴的工頭，此人既兇狠又尖酸刻薄，將心地善良的湯姆大伯活活打死。2)Lifeisbutanemptydream，其漢譯為“人生如夢(mèng)”。源于美國(guó)詩(shī)人Longfellow的詩(shī)文3)asbusyasabee(FromChaucer'sCanterburyTales)4）Catch-22situation不可逾越的障礙（源自美國(guó)作家約瑟夫·赫勒的小說(shuō)Catch-22）

6.Fromsocialcustom社會(huì)風(fēng)俗:1)afeatherinyourcap，漢譯為“值得榮耀的事、榮譽(yù)”。源于廣泛流行于亞洲和美洲印第安人當(dāng)中的一種風(fēng)俗：每殺死一個(gè)敵人就在頭飾或帽子上加插一根羽毛，以此來(lái)顯示戰(zhàn)績(jī)與榮譽(yù)。

2)haveaballatone’sfoot，漢譯為“有成功的機(jī)會(huì)”，源于足球運(yùn)動(dòng)。3）Whenyouaredown,youarenotnecessarilyout.遇到挫折，并不一定喪失成功的機(jī)會(huì)。（拳擊規(guī)則，被擊倒還有10秒可爬起來(lái)）三、漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)的分類：聯(lián)合式：山盟海誓，粗枝大葉，昂首闊步，2．動(dòng)賓式：為所欲為，聞所未聞，3．主謂式：盛氣凌人，想入非非，心懷叵測(cè)，忠心耿耿，自慚形穢，4．偏正式：泰然自若，洋洋得意（得意洋洋），小心翼翼，半途而廢，奮不顧身，泰然處之，5．連動(dòng)式：投筆從戎，見(jiàn)異思遷，挖肉補(bǔ)瘡，觸類旁通，無(wú)地自容，6．兼語(yǔ)式：引狼入室，調(diào)虎離山，7．緊縮式：膾炙人口聯(lián)合結(jié)構(gòu)：不學(xué)無(wú)術(shù)，四、Idioms的翻譯方法：直譯法：按原語(yǔ)字面意義翻譯（異化譯法）1）killtwobirdswithonestone一石雙鳥(niǎo)2)Forbidden

fruit

is

sweet.禁果格外香。3)Friends

are

thieves

of

time.朋友是時(shí)間的竊賊。4)Truth

is

the

daughter

of

time.

真理是時(shí)間的女兒。5)One

swallow

does

not

make

a

summer.一燕不成夏。

1)薛蟠也來(lái)上學(xué)，不過(guò)是三日打魚，兩日曬網(wǎng)。XuePanenrolledasastudent.Buthewaslikethefishermanwhofishesforthreedaysandthensunshisnetfortwo”…2)他對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里的情況，了如指掌。Hekneweverythingaboutthetownshiplikethebackofhishand.3)旁邊一人鼓掌大笑曰：“此事易如反掌，何必多議？”（《三國(guó)演義》）Thenoneofthoseabouthimsuddenlyclappedhishands,crying,?t’saseasyasturningoverone’shand!Whysomuchtalk?”4)他這一去如石沉大海，再無(wú)消息。Heleftlikeastonedroppedintotheseaandhasneverbeenheardof.6)這工作花了我九牛二虎之力。Theworkcostmethestrengthofninebullsandtwotigers.7）中國(guó)有句古話是這樣說(shuō)的：“山不在高，有仙則名；水不在深，有龍則靈。”AnancientChinesesayinggoesthat“Anymountaincanbefamouswiththepresenceofanimmortal,andanyrivercanbeholywiththepresenceofadragon.”7)山不在高，有仙則名"Nomatterhowhighthemountainis,itsnamewillspreadfarandwideifthereisafairy;"8）城門失火，殃及池魚。Afireonthecitywallbringsdisastertothefishinthemoat.9)木已成舟Thewoodisalreadymadeintoaboat.10）十年樹(shù)木，百年樹(shù)人。Ittakestenyearstogrowtrees,butonehundredyearstorearpeople.It

takes

three

generations

to

make

a

gentleman.(套譯)畫餅充饑todrawacaketosatisfyone’shunger犬馬之勞toservelikeadogorahorse聲東擊西toshoutintheeastandstrikeinthewest刻骨銘心tobeengravedonone’sheartandbones井底之蛙tobelikeafrogatthebottomofawell調(diào)虎離山tolurethetigerfromthemountain口蜜腹劍tobehoney-mouthedanddagger-hearted意譯法1）There

is

a

skeleton

in

the

cupboard.家家有本難念的經(jīng)。(thefamilyskeleton/theskeletoninthecupboard家丑)2）The

die

is

cast.木已成舟。

3）Experience

must

be

bought.吃一塹，長(zhǎng)一智。5）Let

the

cat

out

of

the

bag.泄漏天機(jī)。6）Put

the

cart

before

the

horse.本末倒置。7）The

eye

is

bigger

than

the

belly.貪多嚼不爛。8）WhenGreekmeetsGreek,thencomesthetugofwar.兩雄相爭(zhēng),其斗必烈。/張飛殺岳飛，殺得滿天飛9）getthesack（Tobedismissedfromajob，tobetoldtoleaveyourjob）解雇①Hegotthesackwhentheyfoundoutthathe'dliedabouthisqualifications.②Afteronly2weeksshewasgiventhesackforbeingrudetoacustomer.takeaFrenchleave不辭而別breaktheice打破僵局（沉默、拘束）drivepigtothemarket鼾聲如雷u(yù)ndertherose，秘密地、私下地baker’sdozen一打零一、十三keepone’snosedowntothegrindstone埋頭苦干1)他把老謝的話一五一十告訴了鄧秀梅。HerecountedeverythingLaoXiehadsaidindetailtoDengXiumei.2)你要有個(gè)三長(zhǎng)兩短，我也不想活了.Ifanythingshouldhappentoyou,Idon’twanttolive.3)木已成舟，也只好如此了。What’sdoneisdone,andcan’tbeundone.4)“你真是不到黃河心不死”,她低聲說(shuō),無(wú)可奈何地?fù)u搖頭。(《寒夜》)

“Youreallydorefusetogiveuntilallhopeisgone.”Shemurmured,shakingherheadhelplessly6)我對(duì)他簡(jiǎn)直佩服得五體投地。Isimplyadmirehimfromthebottomofmyheart.7）你這人真是“狗嘴里長(zhǎng)不出象牙”。Afilthymouthcannotutterdecentlanguage.Youarereallysuchaperson.8）他初出茅廬，沒(méi)有什么經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Heisagreenhand.9)禍兮福所依，福兮禍所伏fortuneormisfortunemayleadtotheopposite（直譯：misfortunesmaypromisefortuneswhilefortunesmaypromisemisfortunes）兩袖清風(fēng)toremainuncorrupted望子成龍---toexpectone'ssontobecomeagreatpersonage借譯（套譯）法：套用目的語(yǔ)現(xiàn)成的成語(yǔ)、諺語(yǔ)、熟語(yǔ)（歸化譯法）1)Every

potter

praises

his

pot.王婆賣瓜，自賣自夸。9)holdawolfbytheears騎虎難下2)Afterpraisingthewinetheysellusvinegar.掛羊頭賣狗肉10)hangbyahair千鈞一發(fā)

3)tocastpearlsbeforeswine對(duì)牛彈琴/明珠投暗11）killtwobirdswithonestone一箭雙雕4）killthegoosethatlaystheeggs沙雞取卵/竭澤而漁12）showtheclovenhoof露出馬腳5）Sixofoneandhalfadozenoftheother半斤八兩13）aysixesandsevens亂七八糟、6）Time

tries

all.路遙知馬力，日久見(jiàn)人心。14）tolaughoffone’shead笑掉大牙7）It

is

easy

to

be

wise

after

the

event.事后諸葛亮好當(dāng)。8）The

pot

calls

the

kettle

black.五十步笑百步。15）Rome

is

not

built

in

a

day.冰凍三尺，非一日之寒。16）Too

much

knowledge

makes

the

head

bald.學(xué)問(wèn)太多催人老/聰明的頭腦不長(zhǎng)毛。

17）Twoiscompanybutthreeisnone.一個(gè)和尚挑水喝，兩個(gè)和尚沒(méi)水喝。18）You

cannot

eat

your

cake

and

have

it.魚與熊掌，不可得兼。19）Be

just

to

all,but

trust

not

all.害人之心不可有，防人之心不可無(wú)。

20）Foolsrushinwhereangelsfeartotread.初生牛犢不怕虎。21）我沒(méi)有想到他對(duì)同志們的批評(píng)竟充耳不聞。Ididn’texpecthimtoturnadeafeartothecomrade’scriticism.22)又要馬兒好，又要馬兒不吃草.Youcan’teatyourcakeandhaveit!23)難怪他數(shù)學(xué)那么好，他父母都是大學(xué)教授?！褒埳?，鳳生鳳，老鼠生兒打地洞”嘛！Nowonderheisgoodatmaths---hisparentsareprofessorsofmaths.“Likefather,likeson.”indeed.24)酒后吐真言Truthliesatthebottomofadecanter./Inwinethereistruth.Winein,truthout.（三杯下肚，真話出口。）25)遺憾的是我們的呼吁如石沉大海。Itisregrettablethatourappealremainedadeadletter.。26)三思而后行。Lookbeforeyouleap.(直譯：Thinktwiceandthendoit.)44)吃一塹，長(zhǎng)一智afallinpit,againinwit;experienceteaches/Experience

must

be

bought.27)不入虎穴，焉得虎子Nothingventure,nothinghave.28)有眼不識(shí)泰山Entertainanangelunawares.良機(jī)勿失。Make

hay

while

the

sun

shines.貪多嚼不爛。The

eye

is

bigger

than

the

belly.如坐針氈likeafishoutofwater過(guò)河拆橋kickdowntheladder水中撈月tofishintheair不辭而別takeaFrenchleave洗心革面turnoveranewleaf小題大做makeamountainoutofamolehill赴湯蹈火gothroughfireandwater木已成舟。The

die

is

cast.

（直譯：What’sdoneisdone.）鼾聲如雷drivepigtothemarket①Iheardyoudrivingyourpigstomarketlastnight②“Thewholehouseshookwhenyoudroveyourpigstomarket,”Mrs.Leungsaidtoherhusband.

“你打鼾時(shí)，整座房子都在晃動(dòng)?！绷禾珜?duì)丈夫說(shuō)。洗耳恭聽(tīng)allears①Goaheadandexplain,I’mallears.=Goaheadandexplain,Iamfullylistening.你解釋吧，我洗耳恭聽(tīng)。乳臭未干bewetbehindtheear沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；無(wú)知的①Forgiveher,she’sstillwetbehindtheears!原諒她吧，她畢竟還不成熟老練。左右為難/進(jìn)退維谷/騎虎難下/進(jìn)退兩難/無(wú)所適從/莫衷一是/腹背受敵betweenthedevilanddeepsea/betweentwofires/betweenScyllaandCharybdis/holdawolfbytheear/withone’sbacktothewall/stickinthemud4.增補(bǔ)法：A.直譯加解釋:1）abullinachinashop公牛闖進(jìn)瓷器店──肆意搗亂/一動(dòng)就闖禍2）toshedcrocodiletears流鱷魚眼淚──假慈悲3)Thebestfishswim(are)nearthebottom.好魚居水底--有價(jià)值的東西不能輕易得到。

4）Fishbeginstostinkattheend.魚要腐爛頭先爛--上梁不正下梁歪。

5）拔苗助長(zhǎng)trytohelptheshootsgrowbypullingthemupward—spoilthingsbyexcessiveenthusiasm6）盲人瞎馬Ablindmanonablindhorse—rushingheadlongtodisaster.7）黃鼠狼給雞拜年Theweaselgoestopayhisrespecttothehen--notwiththebestofintention./GreekgiftB.意譯加解釋:1）throwinthesponge認(rèn)輸，投降（注：若拳擊運(yùn)動(dòng)員的副手把擦身用的海綿拋向空中，則表示這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員認(rèn)輸因而不進(jìn)入下一輪比賽。）2）pouroilontroubledwaters平息風(fēng)波，息事寧人（注：傳說(shuō)航海遇到風(fēng)浪時(shí)，若把油倒進(jìn)海里，可起到使海浪平息的作用。）D.直意結(jié)合:1)初生牛犢不怕虎anewborncalfisn’tafraidofthetiger;ayoungsterisadaredevil2)磨刀不誤砍柴工sharpeningyourknifewon’twasteyourtimeforcuttingyourfaggot;preparationmayquickentheprocess4)人不可貌相，海水不可斗量?don’tjudgeamanbyhisappearanceanddon’tmeasuretheseawithadouorbucket;hemaybemorecapablethanhelooks;amanmayhavemorepotentialthanyouknow5)老馬識(shí)途?anoldhorserecognizesthewayback;anoldhandisagoodguide?6)生姜還是老的辣oldgingerprovesmorepungent;anoldhandhasmoreexperience7)不怕一萬(wàn)，就怕萬(wàn)一notafraidoftenthousandsbutafraidofaten-thousandth;alwayspreparedfortheunexpectedriskinamilliondoings;takeeverycarejustincaseE.為了意思完整而加詞：:1）Alittlepotissoonhot壺小易熱,量小易怒。2）Lockthestabledoorafterthehorseisstolen.亡羊補(bǔ)牢，為時(shí)已晚3）A

rolling

stone

gathers

no

moss.滾石不生苔，轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)不聚財(cái)4）Everybirdlikesitsownnest.鳥(niǎo)愛(ài)自己的巢,人愛(ài)自己的家。

5．減譯法漢語(yǔ)中有許多語(yǔ)義重復(fù)的成語(yǔ)，重復(fù)部分省去不譯。如：打躬作揖、經(jīng)久耐用、鬼鬼祟祟（stealthily/sneakaround）、斷斷續(xù)續(xù)（disjointedly）、慌里慌張（beflustered）、糊里糊涂(confused)等。1）冷淡的陽(yáng)光照著他們愁眉苦臉和長(zhǎng)發(fā)白眼。Thecold,palesunlightfellontheirgloomyfaces,longhairandlusterlesseyes.2）忽然有人在牡丹亭畔，長(zhǎng)吁短嘆。Suddenlyheheardarustleinthepeonypavilionandsomeonesighingdeeply.3）“這斷子絕孫的阿Q！“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地聽(tīng)得小尼姑的帶哭的聲音。（魯迅《阿Q正傳》）“AhQ,mayyoudiesonless!”soundedthelittlenun’svoicetearfullyinthedistance.４）在長(zhǎng)期的革命歷程中，個(gè)民主當(dāng)派與中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨同呼吸共命運(yùn)。IntheprotractedprocessoftheChineserevolution,thevariousdemocraticpartiesshardacommonfatewiththeChineseCommunistParty.5)那條小徑曲曲折折通向山頂。Thepathzigzagsupthehill.6）創(chuàng)一溜服務(wù)，迎四海佳賓。Firstclassservicetoallguests.（*Welcomingourhonoredguestsfromallovertheworldwiththefirst-classservice.）粗枝大葉careless/carelessly，南腔北調(diào)amixedaccent狼吞虎咽towolfsthdown,同心同德withonemind,清規(guī)戒律taboos/regulations,驚心動(dòng)魄soul-stirring,五、（一）意譯法：familyskeleton/skeletoninthecupboard(closet)家丑①M(fèi)anyoldfamilieshaveanumberofskeletonsintheirclosetswhichtheyareloathtodiscuss（許多古老的家族中有很多秘密，他們不愿談及這些話題。）毛遂自薦tovolunteerone’sservice葉公好龍professedloveofwhatonereallyfears東施效顰crudeimitationwithludicrous南柯一夢(mèng)afonddreamorillusoryjoy四面楚歌tobebesiegedonallsides//.beutterlyisolated/beindesperatestrain罄竹難書(ofcrime)toonumeroustomention初出茅廬atthebeginningofone’scareer/youngandinexperienced傾城傾國(guó)tobeexceedinglybeautiful懸梁刺股tobeextremelyhard-workinginone’sstudy風(fēng)聲鶴唳beseizedwithimaginaryfears亡羊補(bǔ)牢tomendthefoldafterasheepislost南轅北轍togosouthbydrivingone’schariotnorth削足適履tocut/whittledownthefeettofittheshoes緣木求魚toclimbupatreetolookforfish指鹿為馬totalkblackintowhite1）“…高鼻子‘助桀為虐’，真可恨！”蔣翊武咬緊牙關(guān)狠狠地哼了一聲。（李六如《六十年變遷》）ChiangYe-wusworebetweenhisclenchedteeth:“…thoseforeigndevilsarereallyahatefulcrowd,addingbadtoworse!”2)慶父不死，魯難未已。Therewillalwaysbetroubleuntilthetrouble-makerisremoved.(直譯:UntilQinFuisdoneawaywith,thecrisisinthestateofLuwillnotbeover.)3)此地?zé)o銀三百兩。Aguiltypersongiveshimselfawaybyconspicuouslyprotestinghisinnocence.(直譯:No300taelsofsilverburiedhere.)4)今年高考他又名落孫山了。Thisyearhefailedagainintheentranceexaminationsforcollegestudents情人眼里出西施Beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder/lover./Beauty

lies

in

the

love’s

eyes.（二）套譯法：tomeetone’sWaterloo一敗涂地Let

the

cat

out

of

the

bag.泄漏天機(jī)。getthesack抄魷魚（Tobedismissedfromajob，tobetoldtoleaveyourjob）①Hegotthesackwhentheyfoundoutthathe'dliedabouthisqualifications.②Afteronly2weeksshewasgiventhesackforbeingrudetoacustomer.畫蛇添足topaintthelily說(shuō)曹操，曹操到Talkofthedevil,andhe’ssuretoappear./Speakofthedevil,andheappears.1）Many

heads

are

better

than

one.三個(gè)臭皮匠，賽過(guò)諸葛亮。

2）只有破釜沉舟地跟他們拼，還許有翻身的那一天！Allyoucandoistoburnyourboatsandfighttheminthehopethatonedayyou’llcomeoutontop.3）鷸蚌相爭(zhēng)，漁翁得利。Two

dogs

strive

for

a

bone,

and

a

third

runs

away

with

it.（三）增補(bǔ)法：A.音譯加注釋(transliteration+annotation):1)Archille'sheel---阿克勒斯的腳踵，致命弱點(diǎn)2)Pandora'sbox---潘多拉的盒子，災(zāi)難根源3)wordDamocles達(dá)摩克里斯的寶劍：懸劍頭上、千鈞一發(fā)、死到臨頭、幸福中隱伏的危機(jī)4)TheTrojanHorse特洛伊木馬，暗藏之?dāng)?，?nèi)奸5)Judaskiss猶大之吻，背叛行為PeopleconsideredthatwhathehadplayedonthatoccasionwasnomorethanaJudaskiss.人們認(rèn)為他在那種場(chǎng)合所表演的不過(guò)是猶大之吻──居心險(xiǎn)惡。6)Sphinx’SRiddle斯芬克司之謎，難解之謎7）Theyhave,bythisveryact,openedaPandora’sbox.正是他們的這種做法,打開(kāi)了希臘神話中潘朵拉的盒子,造成了混亂和不幸。8）ThefavorsofGovernmentareliketheboxofPandora,withthisimportantdifference;thattheyrarelyleavehopeatbottom.政府的恩惠如同潘多拉的盒子，后患無(wú)窮，主要不同之處是：盒底很少留有希望。B.直譯加解釋(literaltranslation+annotation):1）百步穿楊Toshootanarrowthroughawillowleafatthedistanceof100steps,extremelygoodatshootingNote:TheallusiongoesbacktoYangYouji,anexcellentshooterintheZhouDynasty,whocouldshootanarrowatawillowleafonehundredstepsawayandnevermissedthetarget.2)邯鄲學(xué)步：towalkaspeopleofHandando;toimitateawkwardlyNote:LegendhasitthatayoungsterfromtheStateofYansawthattheHandans’walkwasverygracefulandthentriedtoacquirethewalkingmannerbutonlytofindthathedidnotlearnanythingatallandhadforgottenhowheoriginallywalked.Therefore,hehadtocrawlallthewaybackhome.Theallusionisnowusedtoridiculethosewhoimitateblindly.3)塞翁失馬，焉知非福Whentheoldmanonthefrontierlosthismare,whocouldhaveguesseditwasablessingindisguiseAlossmayturnouttobeagain.4）三個(gè)臭皮匠，合成一個(gè)諸葛亮。ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedwouldequalChuKekLiangthemastermind,meaningthatthemasseshavegreatcreativepower.5)杞人憂天likethemanofQiwhowashauntedbythefearthattheskymightfall:unnecessaryanxiety/groundlessworry6)黃粱美夢(mèng)agoldmilletdream;afonddream/apipedream7)驚弓之鳥(niǎo)：Abirdthatfelldownatthesoundofanarrowlessshooting;adeadlyfrightenedperson五、俗語(yǔ)翻譯俚語(yǔ)包括委婉語(yǔ)、詛咒語(yǔ)和粗俗語(yǔ)。A.委婉語(yǔ)：1．死---gotosleep/benomore/passaway/gowest/長(zhǎng)眠、不在了，獻(xiàn)身，逝世，去世、與世長(zhǎng)辭、壽終、咽氣、歸西天、見(jiàn)馬克思，2．懷孕---toweartheapronhigh/tobeinadelicatecondition/alady-in-waiting/amothertobe有喜、有身、身重、身懷六甲、夢(mèng)蘭、3．廁所---Ladies’(room).Gents’,loo,dressingroom,powderroom,washroom,B.詛咒語(yǔ)：damn,hell,devil,bloody,該死的！Damnyou!見(jiàn)鬼去吧！Tohellwithyou!不得好死！Hangyou!你這個(gè)殺千刀的！Youbehanged!挨刀貨！Blastyou!C.粗俗語(yǔ)：fuck,screw,bugger,balls,shit,1)小娘養(yǎng)的！動(dòng)了兵器了！Sonsofbitches!Theyareusingweaponsnow!2)忘了本的小娼婦兒！Ungratefulslut!3)把眼里沒(méi)有主子的小蹄子打爛了！We’llgivethisimpudentlittlebitchagoodflogging!4)他媽的，你們有話就說(shuō)吧！Ifyouhavesomethingtosay,sayit,damnyou!5)還有你這個(gè)浪貨，跟誰(shuí)來(lái)不行，非跟他！Andyoutoo,youbaggage.Couldn’tyouhavepickedsomeoneelseWhydidithavetobehim

6)王八蛋，我終于碰上你了！Youdevils,sowemeetagain!D.其他俗語(yǔ)：1．不看僧面看佛面don’tblamethemonkfortheBuddha’sake;don’tblametheinferiorortheyoungforthesakeofhissuperiorortheold;forgiveonepersonforanother’ssake3．不做虧心事，不怕鬼敲門?ifyoudon’tcommitanysin,youwillnotbeafraidofthedevilknockingatyourdoor;anuprightmanisn’tafraidofanything4．財(cái)大氣粗awealthymanspeakslouder;moneytalks5．差之毫厘，失之千里?anerrorthebreadthofasinglehaircanleadyouathousandliastray;aslightesterrorcanleadtoagreatestdeviation;aslightcarelessnesscanleadtoaseveremistake6．成事不足，敗事有余?unabletoaccomplishanythingbutlikelytospoileverything;impossibletoachievebutpossibletoruin7．勝者為王，敗者為寇?victorious,youwillbeaking,butdefeated,youwillbeabandit;victorymakesakingofthewinnerwhiledefeatmakesabanditoftheloser;whetheryouwillbeakingorabanditdependsonwhetheryoucanwinornot8．吃不了兜著走?ifyoucan’teatitup,youhavetotakeitaway;getmorethanonehasbargainedfor;youwillhavetotakefullresponsibilityifyouareover-engaged9．打狗要看主人面?whenyouarebeatingadog,youhavetotaketheownerintoconsideration;don’tbeatthedogfortheowner’ssake;loveme,lovemydog10．打腫臉充胖子pretendingtobeafatmanbyslappinghisownfaceswollen;pretendingtobeawealthyman11．大事化小，小事化了reducinggreattroubletosmall,andsmalltonothing12．耳邊風(fēng)/一個(gè)耳朵進(jìn)，一個(gè)耳朵出inoneearandouttheother(adv.phr.)很快被遺忘的（副詞短語(yǔ)）ItseemseverythingIsaygoesinoneearandouttheotherwithyou!好像我說(shuō)的話你從來(lái)就只當(dāng)耳邊風(fēng)！13.平時(shí)不燒香，臨時(shí)抱佛腳

"never

burn

incense

when

all

is

well,

but

clasp

Buddha's

feetwhenindistress14.難得糊涂

Where

ignorance

is

bliss,

it's

folly

to

be

wise.

15.虎父無(wú)犬子

A

wise

goose

never

lays

a

tame

egg16.不打不成交

No

discord,

no

concord.

17.金無(wú)足赤,人無(wú)完人

Gold

can't

be

pure

and

man

can't

be

perfect.18.山高皇帝遠(yuǎn)Themountainsarehighandtheemperorisfaraway.腳踩兩只船

sit

on

the

fence酒肉朋友

fair-weather

friend六、歇后語(yǔ)的翻譯（一）定義：《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》將歇后語(yǔ)定義為，“由兩個(gè)部分組成的一句話，前一部分像謎面，后一部分像謎底，通常只說(shuō)前一部分，而本意在后一部分?！薄掇o?！穼⑿笳Z(yǔ)定義為，“熟語(yǔ)的一種。多為群眾熟悉的詼諧而形象的語(yǔ)句。運(yùn)用時(shí)可以隱去后文，以前文示意”。我們的看法是，歇后語(yǔ)是俗語(yǔ)的一種，它與俗言和諺語(yǔ)的區(qū)別主要在形式上。歇后語(yǔ)很像謎語(yǔ)，通常由兩部分構(gòu)成，前一部分為謎面，后一部分為謎底，謎面通常具有比喻性質(zhì)。（二）歇后語(yǔ)的分類：1．典故型歇后語(yǔ)：八仙聚會(huì)——又說(shuō)又笑；王羲之寫字——橫豎都好2．雙關(guān)型歇后語(yǔ)：狗攆鴨子呱呱(刮刮)叫3．諧音型歇后語(yǔ)：李雙雙見(jiàn)到丈夫——有喜旺（希望）了；郵包掉到水田里--半信半疑(泥)(諧音關(guān)聯(lián));牛角抹油——又尖（奸）又滑（猾）;和尚打傘---無(wú)法(發(fā))無(wú)天；空棺材出葬---目（木）中無(wú)人；孔夫子搬家，凈是書（輸）;燈草拐杖，做不得主（柱）4。語(yǔ)型歇后語(yǔ)：火爆玉米——開(kāi)心；章魚的肚子--有墨水(語(yǔ)意關(guān)聯(lián))5．比喻型歇后語(yǔ)：竹籃打水--一場(chǎng)空(以事喻義)，天上的云--無(wú)拘無(wú)束(以物喻義)，大水沖了龍王廟--一家人不認(rèn)一家人(以事喻義)，徐庶進(jìn)曹營(yíng)--一言不發(fā)(以人喻義)（三）翻譯方法：1．直譯法：1)“咱們倆的事，一條繩拴著的兩條螞蚱,誰(shuí)也跑了！”（老舍《駱駝祥子》）We’reliketwograsshopperstiedtoonecord:neithercangetaway!再派人去，那不是瞎子打燈籠白費(fèi)一支蠟嗎？Sendingsomeoneelseislikeablindmancarryingacandle.Awasteofwax.瞎子點(diǎn)燈--白費(fèi)蠟。Itisasuselessasablindmanlightingacandle.泥菩薩過(guò)江，自身難保。Theclayidolfordingtheriver---it’sasmuchasitcandotopreserveitselffromdisaster千里送鵝毛，禮輕輕易重tosendthefeatherofaswanonethousandli---thegiftinitselfmaybeinsignificant,butthegood-willisdeep茶壺里煮餃子---有也倒不出。Adumplinginaboiler(kettle)-cannotbepouredout.豬鼻子里插蔥－－裝象Apigisstickingscallionsintoitsnostrilstopretendtobeanelephant(如果是口譯，只要一個(gè)詞就行：“pretentious”或“vain”。)7)“朱斌這個(gè)人就是狗咬耗子多管閑事！”(吳江《紅日》)“ChuPin2．意譯法（典故式歇后語(yǔ)或雙關(guān)式歇后語(yǔ)）：他必審問(wèn)我，我給他個(gè)‘徐庶如曹營(yíng)---一語(yǔ)不發(fā)’。He’ssuretoaskquestionsbutI’llholdmytonguetobeginwith.窮棒子鬧翻身，是八仙過(guò)海，各顯其能。Whenwepassfromtheoldsocietytothenew,eachofusshowshistrueworth.八仙過(guò)海--各顯其能。(Like)theEightImmortalscrossingthesea-eachshowinghisorherspecialprowess.(Eachofthemshowstheirtrueworth.)3)等他們趕來(lái)增援時(shí)，已是“正月十五貼門神---晚了半月啦”。Buttheyweretoolateforarescue.4)可是譚招弟新中卻想：騎著毛驢看書—走著瞧吧，看究竟是啥原因。ButTanZhaodiwasstillthinkingtoherself:“Let’swaitandseewhatthereasonforitturnsouttobeintheend.5)咱們騎著毛驢看唱本—走著瞧吧。We’llseewho’sright.6)對(duì)新藥業(yè)，老實(shí)講，我是搟面杖吹火---一竅不通。Tobequitehonestwithyou,Idon’tknowthefirstthingaboutthemoderndrugbusiness.（直譯：toblowupafirethrougharollingpin,itdoesn’twork.）7)外甥打燈籠－照舅(舊)，用“businessasusual”即可3.套譯法：姨奶奶犯不著來(lái)罵我，我又不是姨奶奶家買的?！废惆莅炎?---都是奴才’罷咧！這是何苦來(lái)呢?。ā都t樓夢(mèng)》）You’venocalltoswearatme,madam.Youdidn’tbuyme.Weareallbirdsofafeather---allslaveshere.Whygoforme?

2)肉包子打狗，一去不回頭。Adoggivenabonewhodoesn’tcomebackformore.(直譯：Chasingadogbythrowingmeatdumplingsatit-gone,nevertoreturn.)3)日本曹長(zhǎng)心里像有十五個(gè)吊桶打水，七上八下地不安寧。（《敵后武工隊(duì)》）ItwasasiftheswordofDamocleshungovertheJapanesesergeant.4)老鼠尾巴上的癤子，出膿也不多。Squeezewateroutofastone5)他總是給你買昂貴的衣服，恐怕是黃鼠狼拜年，不安好心啊。Heisalwaysbuyingyouexpensiveclothes,I'mafraidtheyareGreekgiftsforyou.黃鼠狼給雞拜年--不懷好意。aweaselwishingHappyNewYeartoachicken---harboringnogoodintention；Greekgift.6)竹籃打水---一場(chǎng)空。todrawwaterwithone’ssleeves/Likeladlingwaterwithawickerbasket-allisempty(nothing).／todrawwaterwithabamboobasket---allwasinvain4．減譯法（諧音型歇后語(yǔ)，省去前半截的比喻部分，譯出后半部的實(shí)際意思）1）我是想：咱們是孔夫子搬家，凈是書（輸），心里真點(diǎn)點(diǎn)干啥的。OnlyIfeelbadwhenweloseeveryfight.中國(guó)足球隊(duì)在國(guó)際大賽中多是孔夫子搬家，凈是書（輸）。TheChinesefootballteamhasalwayslostinthetheinternationalfootballmatches.2)我在店里呢，是燈草拐杖，做不得主（柱）的。Mypositioninthecompanydoesn’tpermitmetomakeadecisionindividually.3）你這人是“八十老翁靠墻吃稀飯－－卑鄙（背壁），無(wú)恥（齒），下流”。Youarebase,shamelessanddirty.4）他是和尚打傘---無(wú)發(fā)（法）無(wú)天。Heisanunrulyperson.1)王小二過(guò)年，一年不如一年WangXiao’erspendingtheNewYear——oneyearisworsethananother/likeWangXiao’er’slife,oneyearisworsethananotherNote:WangXiao’erinChinesecanmeananypoorfellowatthebottomofthesociety.2)丫頭當(dāng)媒人，自身難保?amaidservingasamatchmaker——hardtoprotectherselffromthedangerofbeingengaged;likeamaidservingasamatchmaker,itishardtopullherselffromone’sowncrisis?Note:Theliteralmeaningofthisallegoricalsayingisthatsincethemaidherselfissingle,indoingthejobofamatchmaker,sheherselfmayfallinlovewiththeman.3)牛角抹油——又尖（奸）又滑（猾）?spreadingoilonanoxhorn——tomakeitsharperandmoreslipperyorcunningandtreacherous?Note:theChinesecharacterjian,meaningsharp,isahomophoneofjian,meaningcunning,andtheChinesecharacterhua,meaningslippery,isahomophoneofhua,meaningtreacherous癩蛤蟆想吃天鵝肉--癡心妄想。Atoadlustingafteraswan'sflesh-aspiringaftersomethingoneisnotworthyof.納鞋不使錐子，針(真)好！Asherbetinamidsummernight’sdream:cool!

（雖說(shuō)直譯成中文“仲夏夜夢(mèng)吃果露冰糕－－真爽！”的時(shí)候雙關(guān)丟了，但英文“cool”是雙關(guān)。而如果將中文原文譯成“Tosewshoeswithoutanawl,aneedleisgood.”不僅丟了雙關(guān)，而且毫無(wú)意義。改換意境是為了在不偏主題的情況下求雙關(guān)。）狗咬耗子,多管閑事He'slikeadogworryingamouse,can'tmindhisownbusiness!

狗咬刺猬，無(wú)從下口Adogtryingtobiteahedgehog-nowaytomakeanapproach.老虎吃天，無(wú)從下口atigerwantingtoeatthesky---notknowingwheretostart七、異化（直譯）還是歸化（套譯）1）不入虎穴，焉得虎子Ifyoudon’tenterthetiger’slair,howcanyoucatchthecubs?(異化)Nothingventure,nothinghave.（歸化）Youcan’tachievethegoalwithoutarisk.（意譯）2)畫蛇添足todrawasnakeandaddfeettoit（異化）paintthelily（歸化）3）跑得了和尚跑不了廟。Themonkeymayrunaway,butthetemplecan’trunwithhim.（異化）Afugitivemustbelongtosomeplacethatcanprovideclues.（歸化）4）對(duì)牛彈琴toplaythelutetoacow（異化）tocastpearlsbeforeswine（歸化）5）說(shuō)曹操曹操就到mentionCaoCaoandthereheis（異化,不好）talkofthedevilandhewillappear（歸化）6）易于反掌tobeaseasyasturningoverone’shand（異化）aseasyasfallingoffalog/apieceofcake（歸化）7）打草驚蛇tostirupthegrassandalertthesnake（異化）towakeasleepingdog（歸化）8）竭澤而漁todrainapondtocatchthefish（異化）tokillthegoosethatlaysthegoldeneggs（歸化）9）雪中送炭tosendcharcoalinsnowyweather（異化）tohelpalamedogoverastile（歸化）10）守口如瓶asdumbasanoyster（歸化）11）Toomanycooksspoilthebroth.廚子多了煮壞湯（異化），人多手亂（歸化）12)竹籃打水一場(chǎng)空todrawwaterin(with)abamboobasket（異化）todrawwaterwithone’ssleeves（歸化）有些用歸化法較好：1）Even

Homer

sometimes

nods.智者千慮，必有一失。（歸化）2)Somepreferturnipsandotherspears.蘿卜白菜，各有所愛(ài)。（歸化）3)Hecrieswineandsellsvinegar.掛羊頭，賣狗肉。（歸化）1）你真是脫褲子放屁，多此一舉。YoudidcarrycoaltoNewcastle.（歸化）3)胸有成竹*tohaveabambooinone’sheart(死譯)tohaveawell-thought-outplanbeforedoingsth.(意譯)tohaveacardupone’ssleeve（套譯,歸化）4）姨奶奶犯不著來(lái)罵我,我又不是姨奶奶家買了。“梅香拜把子———都是奴才”罷咧!這是何苦來(lái)呢!(《紅樓夢(mèng)》)You’venocalltosweartome,madam.Youdidn’tbuyme.We’veallbirdsofafeather——allslaveshere.Whygoforme?（歸化）5）中國(guó)有句古話是這樣說(shuō)的：“山不在高，有仙則名；水不在深，有龍則靈?！?/p>

An

ancient

Chinese

saying

goes

that

“Any

mountain

can

be

famous

with

the

presence

of

an

immortal,

and

any

river

can

be

holy

with

the

presence

of

a

dragon.”（異化）6）左右為難/進(jìn)退維谷/騎虎難下/進(jìn)退兩難/無(wú)所適從/莫衷一是/腹背受敵betweenthedevilanddeepsea/betweentwofires/betweenScyllaandCharybdis/holdawolfbytheear/withone’sbacktothewall/stickinthemud（歸化）7）四面楚歌Chu’sfolksongswereheardeverywhere（異化,不好）tomeetone’sWaterloo（歸化）/Bebesiegedonallsides/beutterlyisolated/beindesperatestrain（意譯）不好的異化:1）賠了夫人又折兵*giveone’senemyawifeandloseone’ssoldiersaswell（異化,不好）sufferadoublelossinsteadofmakingagain（歸化）2）不到黃河心不死notstopuntilonereachestheYellowRiver（異化,不好）notstopuntilonereachesone’sgoal(意譯)3）八字還沒(méi)一撇兒there'snoteventhefirststokeofthecharactereight（異化，不好）there'snottheslightestsignofsuccessyet(意譯)4)眉飛色舞tobeamwithjoy(死譯：hiseyebrowsareflyingandhiscountenanceisdancing)5)粗枝大葉tobecrudeandcareless(死譯：thickbranchesandlargeleaves)6)揚(yáng)眉吐氣tofeelproudandelated(死譯：toraiseeyebrowsandletoutabreath)7)燈紅酒綠dissipatedandluxurious(死譯：withredlightsandgreenwine)8)紙醉金迷(alifeof)luxuryanddissipation(死譯：withdrunkenpaperandbewitchedgold)9)開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山tocomestraighttothepoint(死譯：toopenthedoorandseethemountain)10)單槍匹馬tobesingle-handedindoingsth.(死譯：withasolitaryspearandasinglehorse)11)海闊天空(totalk)atrandom(死譯：withavastseaandaboundlesssky)12)風(fēng)雨飄搖(ofasituation)beingunstable(死譯：Thewindandrainarerocking)13）綠林好漢herointhegreenwoods（異化，不好,可歸化為peoplelikeRobinhood）14）名落孫山tofa