ccna中文課件04.ios操作與管理

網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境管理CiscoIOS軟件的操作本章學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容認(rèn)識CISCO路由器硬件了解路由器的啟動過程進(jìn)入網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備并了解不同的命令模式熟悉路由器配置的基本命令熟悉查看網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備信息的基本命令掌握Cisco設(shè)備的管理CiscoIOS軟件功能，能承載所選網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議和功能連通性，允許在設(shè)備間高速傳輸數(shù)據(jù)安全性，可控制訪問并禁止使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)可擴展性，可根據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模變化來增加接口和容量可靠性，能確保可靠地訪問網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源RouterInternalComponentsOverviewLogicaldiagramoftheinternalhardwarecomponentsofaCiscorouterROM的功能包含用于基本功能的微代碼StagesofRouterPower-OnBootSequence

找到CiscoIOS映像搜索順序：檢查配置寄存器解析用于啟動系統(tǒng)命令的配置默認(rèn)到閃存中第一個文件嘗試從網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器啟動導(dǎo)入助手映像ROMMON從閃存加載CiscoIOS映像將閃存文件加載到RAM。LoadingCiscoIOSImageFilesTheCiscoIOSimagefileispressedandstoredtoRAM.Theoutputshowsthebootprocessonarouter.LoadingCiscoIOSImageFiles(Cont.)

DecipheringIOSImageFilenames

加載配置從NVRAM加載并執(zhí)行配置如果NVRAM中當(dāng)前沒有配置，進(jìn)入設(shè)置模式路由器模式概述可使用兩種主要的EXEC模式輸入命令。CiscoIOS軟件EXEC模式（用戶）CiscoIOS軟件EXEC模式（特權(quán)）命令行的幫助工具對上下文敏感的幫助對上下文敏感的幫助（續(xù)）增強編輯命令配置路由器標(biāo)識配置路由器口令控制臺線路命令RouterX(config)#lineconsole0RouterX(config-line)#exec-timeout2030RouterX(config)#lineconsole0RouterX(config-line)#loggingsynchronous修改控制臺會話的超時時間重新顯示中斷的控制臺輸入RouterX(config)#interfacetypenumberRouterX(config-if)#type

包括串行接口、以太網(wǎng)接口、令牌環(huán)接口、fddi接口、hssi接口、環(huán)回接口、撥號器接口、空接口、異步串口、atm接口、bri接口、隧道接口等等number

用于標(biāo)識各接口RouterX(config-if)#exit退出當(dāng)前接口配置模式RouterX(config)#interfacetypeslot/portRouterX(config-if)#如果是模塊化路由器，選擇一個接口配置接口RouterX(config-if)#descriptionstring

string

是幫助您記住接口相關(guān)信息的注釋或描述。參數(shù)string

的最大長度是238個字符。配置接口描述RouterX#configureterminalRouterX(config)#interfaceserial0

RouterX(config-if)#noshutdown%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceSerial0,changedstatetoup%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineProtocolonInterfaceSerial0,changedstatetoup啟用管理性關(guān)閉的接口RouterX#configureterminalRouterX(config)#interfaceserial0

RouterX(config-if)#shutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial0,changedstatetoadministrativelydown%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial0,changedstatetodown管理性地關(guān)閉接口禁用或啟用接口路由器的showinterfaces命令RouterX#showinterfacesEthernet0isup,lineprotocolisupHardwareisLance,addressis00e0.1e5d.ae2f(bia00e0.1e5d.ae2f)Internetaddressis1/24MTU1500bytes,BW10000Kbit,DLY1000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationARPA,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)ARPtype:ARPA,ARPTimeout04:00:00Lastinput00:00:07,output00:00:08,outputhangneverLastclearingof"showinterface"countersneverQueueingstrategy:fifoOutputqueue0/40,0drops;inputqueue0/75,0drops5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec81833packetsinput,27556491bytes,0nobufferReceived42308broadcasts,0runts,0giants,0throttles1inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,1ignored,0abort0inputpacketswithdribbleconditiondetected55794packetsoutput,3929696bytes,0underruns0outputerrors,0collisions,1interfaceresets0babbles,0latecollision,4deferred0lostcarrier,0nocarrier0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffersswappedout解讀接口狀態(tài)檢驗串行接口配置配置寄存器的值配置寄存器位3、2、1和0用于設(shè)置啟動選項使用show

version命令檢查配置寄存器的值Showversion命令CiscoIOSSoftware,2800Software(C2800NM-IPBASE-M),Version12.4(5a),RELEASESOFTWARE(fc3)Technical/techsupportCopyright(c)1986-2006byCiscoSystems,Inc.CompiledSat14-Jan-0603:19byalnguyenROM:SystemBootstrap,Version12.4(1r)[hqluong1r],RELEASESOFTWARE(fc1)RouterXuptimeis1week,5days,21hours,30minutesSystemreturnedtoROMbyreloadat23:04:40UTCTueMar132007Systemimagefileis"flash:c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-5a.bin"Cisco2811(revision53.51)with251,904K/10,240Kbytesofmemory.ProcessorboardIDFTX1013A1DJ2FastEthernetinterfaces2Serial(sync/async)interfacesDRAMconfigurationis64bitswidewithparityenabled.239Kbytesofnon-volatileconfigurationmemory.62,720KbytesofATACompactFlash(Read/Write)Configurationregisteris0x2102(willbe2104atnextreload)Showflash命令

RouterX#shflash-#---length-------date/time------path114951648Feb22200721:38:56+00:00c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-5a.bin21823Dec14200608:24:54+00:00sdmconfig-2811.cfg34734464Dec14200608:25:24+00:00sdm.tar4833024Dec14200608:25:38+00:00es.tar51052160Dec14200608:25:54+00:00common.tar61038Dec14200608:26:08+00:00home.shtml7102400Dec14200608:26:22+00:00home.tar8491213Dec14200608:26:40+00:00128MB.sdf41836544bytesavailable(22179840bytesused)查看配置顯示當(dāng)前配置及已保存的配置showrunning-config命令和showstartup-config命令保存配置將當(dāng)前配置復(fù)制到NVRAMRouterX#RouterX#copyrunning-configstartup-configDestinationfilename[startup-config]?Buildingconfiguration…RourterX#ManagingCiscoIOSConfigurationAconfigurationcanbebackeduptoanexternalserver:ManagingCiscoIOSConfiguration(Cont.)

ManagingCiscoIOSConfiguration(Cont.)Thisishowyoucansaveadeviceconfiguration:ThisishowyoubackupaconfigurationtotheTFTPserver:copyruntftp命令和copytftprun命令RouterX#copy

running-config:tftp:

Addressornameofremotehost[]?Destinationfilename[running-config]?wgroa.cfg.!!1684bytescopiedin13.300secs(129bytes/sec)

RouterX#copy

tftp:running-config:

Addressornameofremotehost[]?Sourcefilename[]?wgroa.cfgDestinationfilename[running-config]?Accessingt/wgroa.cfg...Loadingwgroa.cfgfrom(viaEthernet0):![OK-1684/3072bytes]1684bytescopiedin17.692secs(99bytes/sec)管理CiscoIOS映像檢驗閃存中是否有可用于CiscoIOS映像的空間。檢驗內(nèi)存及解讀映像文件名RouterX#shflash-#---length-------date/time------path114951648Feb22200721:38:56+00:00c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-5a.bin21823Dec14200608:24:54+00:00sdmconfig-2811.cfg34734464Dec14200608:25:24+00:00sdm.tar4833024Dec14200608:25:38+00:00es.tar51052160Dec14200608:25:54+00:00common.tar61038Dec14200608:26:08+00:00home.shtml7102400Dec14200608:26:22+00:00home.tar8491213Dec14200608:26:40+00:00128MB.sdf41836544bytesavailable(22179840bytesused)更新閃存之前備份當(dāng)前文件。創(chuàng)建軟件映像備份RouterX#copyflashtftp:Sourcefilename[]?c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-5a.binAddressornameofremotehost[]?Destinationfilename[c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-5a.bin]!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<outputomitted>12094416bytescopiedin98.858secs(122341bytes/sec)RouterX#通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)升級映像RouterX#copytftpflash:Addressornameofremotehost[]?Sourcefilename[]?c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-5a.binDestinationfilename[c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-5a.bin]Accessingt/c2600-js-mz.122-21a.bin...Eraseflash:beforecopying?[confirm]Erasingtheflashfilesystemwillremoveallfiles!Continue?[confirm]Erasingdevice...eeeeeeeeee(outputomitted)...erasedEraseofpleteLoadingc