全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)說(shuō)教程 4 聽(tīng)力原文

全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)說(shuō)教程4聽(tīng)力原文全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)說(shuō)教程4聽(tīng)力原文全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)說(shuō)教程4聽(tīng)力原文資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)說(shuō)教程4聽(tīng)力原文版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：全新版聽(tīng)說(shuō)教程4聽(tīng)力原文Unit1OneWorldPartBListeningTasksAConversationBirthdayCelebrationsAroundtheWorldExercise1Listentotheconversationandwritedownanswerstothequestionsyouhear.Chairman:WelcometothisspecialbirthdayeditionofOneWorld.Tonightwehaveaspecialprogramdedicatedtobirthdaycelebrationsaroundtheworld.WithusinthestudiowehaveShaheenHagandPatCane,whohaveaweeklycolumnonbirthdaysintheTorontoDailyStar.Shaheen:Goodevening.Pat:Goodevening.Chairman:Shaheen,perhapswecouldbeginwithyou.HowarebirthdayscelebratedinIndia

Shaheen:Well,perhapswe'reallassumingthateveryoneintheworldcelebratestheirbirthday.Thisjustisn'tthecase.Low-incomefamiliesinIndia,forinstance,simplycan'taffordanyfestivities.AndmostMuslimsdon'tcelebratetheirbirthdays.Pat:IthinkShaheenhasraisedaninterestingpointhere.TheChristianchurch,too,wasactivelyagainstcelebratingbirthdays.Shaheen:OfcoursesomeMuslimsdocelebratetheirbirthdays.InEgypt,TurkeyandIndonesia,forexample,therichpeopleinvitefriendsandfamiliesaround.Butnotinsmallvillages.Chairman:HereinEnglandyourtwenty-firstusedtobethebigone.Butnowitseemstohavemovedtoeighteen.Isthattrue?

Pat:Yes,inmostpartsoftheWesteighteenisnowthemostimportantbirthday.InFinland,forexample,eighteenistheagewhenyoucanvote,youknow,orbuywines,driveacarandsoon.ButinJapanIthinkyouhavetowaittillyou'retwentybeforeyoucansmokeordrink.Shaheen:IknowinSenegal,whichisanotherMuslimcountry,girlsgettovoteatsixteenandboysateighteen.AndinBangladesh,girlsateighteenandboysattwenty-one.Chairman:That'sinteresting.Imeanisittypicalthataroundtheworldgirlsareconsideredtobemorematurethanboys?

Shaheen:Yes,Ithinkso,andinMexicoandArgentina,forexample,theyhaveenormouspartiesforfifteen-year-oldgirls.Pat:YouknowinNorwaytheyhaveagreatpartyforanyonewho'snotmarriedbythetimethey'rethirty.It'skindofembarrassing.Imeanyougetpepperthrownatyou.Chairman:PepperWhypepper

Pat:I'mnotreallysure.Shaheen:Sodoesthatmeanthatonyourtwenty-ninthbirthdayyoucanstartthinking"GodIbettergetmarried"

Pat:Well,I'mnotsurehowseriouslytheytakeit.Chairman:InEnglandwehavequitebigpartiesforyourfortieth,fiftieth,sixtiethandsoon.Pat:Well,inJapanyoureighty-eighthisconsidered...Chairman:Eighty-eighth?

Pat:...tobetheluckiestbirthday.EightisaveryluckynumberinJapan.Questions1.WhatisOneWorld?2.Whatisthetopicoftheprogram?3.WhatdoShaheenHagandPatCanedo?4.Whydon'tsomepeopleinIndiacelebratetheirbirthdays?

5.WhyistheeighteenthbirthdaysoimportantinFinland

6.Whycangirlsinsomecountriesgettovoteatanearlieragethanboys?7.WhichofthecountriesmentionedintheconversationareMuslimcountries?Exercise2Listentotheconversationagainanddecideifeachofthestatementsyouhearistrue(T)orfalse(F).Statements1.TheprogramisbroadcastinCanadaeveryday.2.Peopleeverywhereintheworldcelebratetheirbirthdays.3.ManyMuslimsdonotcelebratetheirbirthdaysforreligiousreasons.4.InEngland,thetwenty-firstbirthdayisveryimportant,whichisunusualintheWest.5.Thetwenty-firstbirthdayisveryimportantinJapan.6.InNorway,youngmenandwomenusuallygetmarriedbeforethirtytoavoidhavingpepperthrownatthem.7.EighteenisaveryluckynumberinJapan.8.Itcanbeconcludedthatourworldismademorecolorfulbythemanydifferentwaysbirthdaysareobservedindifferentcountries.SpeakingTasksPairWorkA.ReflectionsonthetextYouhavejustheardaprogramaboutbirthdaycelebrationsaroundtheworld.Whatdoyouthinkofthecelebrations?Whyisitthatsomepeopledonotcelebratetheirbirthdays?Whatdoesyourbirthdaymeantoyou?Exchangeviewswithyourpartner.Youmaymentionthefollowingpointsinyourdiscussion.○whatbirthdaysmeantoyou○howbirthdaysareobservedaroundtheworld○whysomepeopledon'tcelebratetheirbirthdaysB.Picturetalk—TalkingaboutweddingcustomsASampleMostpeopleintheworldholdaweddingceremonywhentheygetmarried.However,likebirthdaycelebrations,weddingcelebrationsareconductedindifferentways,dependingonwhereyoulive,whichreligionyoubelievein,andhowgoodisyourfinancialsituation.Thefollowingarethreegroupsofpicturesshowingthreeweddingceremoniesheldindifferentplacesandatdifferenttimes.Giveabriefdescriptionofeachpictureandthenmakeacomparisonbetweenthethreeweddings.PossibleDescription(forreference)Pictures(a)—(c)showatypicalweddingceremonyheldinachurchinaWesterncountry.Inthefirstpicture,thebrideisseenwalkingdowntheaisle,leaningonherfather'sarm.Sheiswearingawhiteweddinggownandholdingabouquetofflowersinherrighthand.Alleyesturntoherassheslowlymovesforwardtotakeherplacebesidethebridegroominfrontoftheclergyman.InPicture(b)wecanseetheclergymanpresidingovertheweddingceremony.Heisaskingthebrideandthebridegroomtheusualquestionsonsuchanoccasion.InPicture(c)theparentsofthebrideandthebridegroomaregivingalargepartyinagarden.Guestsarriveinformaleveningdress.Thereismusicanddancing.Pictures(d)—(e)presentatraditionalChineseweddingheldathome.InPicture(d),wecanseeahallthrongedwithpeople.Thereareredlanternshangingonbothsidesofthehall.OnthelanternsarewrittentheChinesecharacter"doublehappiness".InPicture(e)wecanseethebridegroom'sparentsseatedinhigh-backedchairs.Thebrideandbridegroomarebowingtothem.Thebridegroominhislonggownlooksveryrespectful.Thebrideisdressedinbrightredbutwecan'tseeherfacesinceitiscoveredwithapieceofredcloth.Alongthetwosidesoftheweddinghallstandthefamilymembers,relativesandfriends.Pictures(f)—(h)showaweddingbanquetheldinabigrestaurantinChina.InPicture(f),wecanseethebrideandthebridegroomstandingattheentrancegreetingtheguests.Thebridewearsalongwhitedress,andthebridegroomisinatuxedo.InPicture(g),wefindourselvesinalargebanquethall,decoratedwiththecheerfulcolorsofaweddingparty.Aboutahundredguestsareseatedaroundtablesthataregracedwithallkindsofdeliciousfoodanddrinks.Thehost,whoisthefatherofthebridegroom,ismakingaspeech,expressinghisthankstotheguestsforcomingtohisson'swedding.InPicture(h)thebridehaschangedtoatraditionalChineseredgown,orqipao,whichiselegantlycutandshowsherfinefigure.Sheandthebridegroomaregoingroundthetables,exchangingtoastsandsharingajoyfulmomentwiththeguests.ComparingFromthepictures,wecanseethataweddingisanimportanteventeverywhereintheworld.IthasbeensoinChina,forexample,fromtheolddaystothepresentandthesameholdstrueinWesterncountries.Asarule,thereisabigceremony,attendedbyfamilymembers,relativesandfriends,whohavecometosharethejoyofthisspecialoccasioninthelivesoftwopeopleinlove.Foodisplentifulandlaughterfillstheair.Toallthosepresent,theceremonyisbothsacredandjoyous.However,whilesacrednessandjoyarethespiritofallweddings,thewaypeopleobservetheoccasionvariesfromplacetoplaceandchangesovertime.Thisisreflectedinvariousrespects.First,inWesterncountries,manypeoplegetmarriedinachurchwhileinChinathisisrare.Second,WesternpeopleoftenchooseascenicspottoholdweddingpartieswhereasmostpeopleinChinagivetheirweddingpartieseitherathomeorinarestaurant.Third,inWesterncountries,thecolorofthebride'sdressiswhite,whichisasymbolofpurity,whileinChina,traditionally,thecolorofthebride'sdressisred,whichisasymbolofhappiness.********************Nowusetheabovesampleasyourmodelandcarryonsimilaractivitieswithyourpartneraccordingtothepicturesgivenbelow.PartCTestYourListeningListentothepassagethreetimesandsupplythemissinginformation.FirstReadingOneWorldOneMinuteisauniquefilmprojectthatinvitesparticipantsineverycountryaroundtheglobetorecordsimultaneouslyoneminuteoftheirlives,oneminuteofourworld.Sponsorsofthisprojecthavechosen12:48GMT,September11th,2002astheoneminutetorecord.Atthatmomentexactlyayearearlierbegantheterroristattacksthatledtothedeathsofmorethan2,000peoplefromover60countries.Formanythiswillbeatimeofremembranceandreflection.Andforothersthiswillbeanappropriatetimeforinternationalcommunication,cooperationandsharing.ThisistheideabehindtheprojectOneWorldOneMinute.ParticipantsarefreetochoosewhatandhowtorecordtheirOneMinute.Somemaywanttotakephotographs,somepaintordrawpictures,whileothersmaywanttowritesomethingandrecordtheirreadings.ThematerialcanbesubmittedtotheprojectorganizersinScotlandviae-mailorpostwithin6weeksofSeptember11th.Allthematerialwillthenbemadeintoafeature-lengthfilm,whichwillcapturethatOneMinuteofourexistence.Thefilmwillexploretherichdiversitythatisbothhumanityandourworld.Itwillallowavoicetoallpeopleregardlessofnationality,religion,race,politicalviewpoint,genderorage.TherichdiversitythatisHumanityshallbethereforalltosee.Participantswillnotonlybekeptinformedoftheprogressofthefilmandthereleaseprocessbutwillbeinvitedtoactivelyparticipatethroughnewslettersanddiscussionforums.Whenthefilmisfinished,itwillbeshownineverycountryoftheworld,bothincinemasandonTV.Contributorswillbeinvitedtoattendthefirstpublicperformanceofthefilmintheirrespectivecountriesandwillreceiveafullscreencreditonthefinishedproduction.SecondReadingFinalReadingUnit2Anti-smokingPartBListeningTasksAPassageLastGaspforSmokersExercise1Listentothepassageandchoosetherightanswerstothequestionsyouhear.ItwasanormaldayandintheirNewYorkoffice,Kenandhiscolleaguesstoppedfortheircoffeebreak.Butwhilehiscolleagueswereabletositattheirdesksanddrinktheircoffee,Kenhadtogooutside.Hecouldn'tstayinside,becausehewantedtosmoke.IfthesmokersoftheBigApplewanttoenjoyacigarette,theauthoritieshavedecidedtheymustgooutintothestreetorupontotherooftops.ThroughouttheUnitedStates,thenumberofplaceswherepeopleareallowedtosmokehasgraduallydwindled.Firstitwasbannedontrains,buses,andplanes,theninpublicplacessuchastheatersandairports.Nowyoucan'tsmokeinanyworkplace.Nonsmokersaredefinitelywinningthebattle."Whyshouldwebreathetheirsmoke"

theysay.Ifthey'relucky,smokerscanstillfindsomebarsandrestaurantsorparksandrecreationcenterswheretheycanlightupacigarette,butitmaysoonbebannedthere,too.Infact,smokinginparksandrecreationcentersisalreadybannedinCalifornia.OnAugust9,2001,LosAngelesCityandCountyofficialsannouncedtheimplementationofasmoke-freeparkpolicy,officiallydesignatingsmoke-freezonesinall375parksandrecreationcentersinthecity.AndsinceJanuary1,2002allparksinCaliforniahavebecomesmoke-freetosafeguardchildrenfromtheharmfuleffectsofsecondhandtobaccosmokeanddangeroustobaccowaste.Anti-smokinggroupseventhinkthatsmokingoughttobebannedinpeople'shomes.Undernewplansyouwon'tbeabletosmokeinanyhousewheretherearemorethantenvisitorsinaweek,orwheretherearechildren.In1996,nicotinewasclassedasadrug,likecannabis,cocaineorheroin.Andscientistsallovertheworldagreethatexposuretosecondhandsmokeposesaserioushealthriskandthereisnosafelevelofexposure.Itisespeciallydangerousforchildrenbecausewhentheyareexposedtotobaccosmoke,theyhavemuchhigherratesoflungdiseasessuchasbronchitisandpneumoniaandarealsoatgreaterrisksofdevelopingasthma.Inthecountrythatgavetobaccototheworld,smokingmightonedaybeillegal.Questions1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassageyou'veheard?2.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkaboutbanningsmokinginpublicplaces?3.Whereissmokingnotbannedaccordingtothepassage?4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutnicotine?5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthesentence"Inthecountrythatgavetobaccototheworld,smokingmightonedaybeillegal"

Exercise2Listentothepassageagainandcompletetheanswerstothequestionsyouhear.Questions1.WhohaswonthebattleagainstsmokingintheU.S.Howdoyouknow

2.WhatdidauthoritiesinCaliforniadotorestrictsmoking?

SpeakingTasksPairWorkA.ReflectionsonthetextYouhavejustheardapassageabouttheanti-smokingmovementintheU.S.Doyouagreewiththepoliciesmentionedtobansmokinginpublicplaces?Whatdoyouthinkaboutyoungpeoplesmoking?Whydotheypickupsmokinginthefirstplace?Whatshouldwedotohelpthemgiveupsmoking?Exchangeviewswithyourpartner.Youmaymentionthefollowingpointsinyourdiscussion.○importanceofbanningsmokinginpublicplaces○increaseinthenumberofyoungsmokers○measurestodiscouragetheyoungfrompickingupsmoking○findingoutandcampaigningagainsttherealcausesofyoungpeoplesmokingB.Debating—ArgumentsfororagainstbanningsmokinginrestaurantsASampleInourcityitisquitecommontoseedinerssmokinginrestaurants,evenwhentheair-conditionerisonandallthewindowsareshut.Somepeoplearestronglyagainstitandthinkthegovernmentshouldputabanonsmokinginallair-conditionedareas.Otherseithertakeitforgrantedordonotcare.Whatisyourattitudeonthisissue?Expressanddefendyourviewsfromtheperspectivesgivenbelow.Topic:Shouldsmokingbebannedinrestaurants?Perspectives:1.Fromtheperspectiveofacustomer(positive)2.Fromtheperspectiveofarestaurantmanager(negative)PossibleArguments(forreference)Fromtheperspectiveofacustomer(positive)I'mstronglyagainstsmokinginrestaurants.IhatebreathingincigarettesmokewhileI'meating,especiallywhentheair-conditionerisonandallthewindowsareshut.Toxictobaccosmokelingersonintheroom,getsintomyeyes,myhair,andmyclothes.Itmakesmedizzyandevencausesmeheadaches.Astherestaurantbecomesdangerouslypollutedwithconcentratedtobaccosmoke,nonsmokerswhomustsharethesameenclosedenvironmentwithsmokersrunahigherriskofcontractingsmoking-relatedillnesses.Evenifpeoplearoundonetableareallnonsmokers,theycannotavoidinhalingsmokefromothertables.Statisticsshowthatsecondhandsmokeisalsoacauseoflungcanceramongnonsmokers.Andifapregnantwomanhappenstobethere,shemightruntheriskofhavingadeformedbaby.Secondhandsmokeisalsoextremelyharmfultoyoungchildrenandcancauseasthmaandbronchitis.Wenonsmokersdon'twanttosacrificeourhealthfortheselfishenjoymentofsmokers.Therestaurant,Ithink,shouldatleasthaveasmoke-freearea.Thesizeoftheareawoulddependoncustomerdemand.Letthesmokersenjoythemselvesinaspecialroom.Otherwise,IthinkIwillstoppatronizing(光顧)restaurantsthatdonothaveasmoke-freeareaandperhapsthiswillforcethemintocreatingone.Fromtheperspectiveofarestaurantmanager(negative)Iknowsmokingisveryharmful.Foruswhoworkinair-conditionedrestaurants,inhalingsecondhandsmokeiscertainlyharmfultoourhealth.ButwhatcanIdo?HowcanIsay"no"tothesmokersinmyrestaurant?Mostlikely,theywouldnotlistentome.IfIinsist,theywouldsurelygetveryangryatme.Someofthemmightquarrelorevenfightwithme.Andthosewhocomewiththemwouldusuallysupportthemandcriticizeme.Theymightsay:"It'snoneofyourbusiness.Thereisnoregulationagainstsmokinginrestaurants.Whycan'twesmoke"Inthatcase,whatcouldIsayIt'struethattherearenoregulationsbanningsmokinginrestaurants.Andotherdiners,thoughtheyareawareofthedangerofinhalingsecondhandsmoke,maybeeitherindifferentorintimidatedfromspeakingout.Iwouldbequitealone,andmyefforttodissuademycustomersfromsmokingwouldbeinvain.Whatisworse,Idon'tthinkthosecustomerswouldcometomyrestaurantagain.Andmybusinesswouldsuffer.********************Nowusetheabovesampleasyourmodelandcarryonsimilaractivitieswithyourpartner.PartCTestYourListeningListentotheconversationandchoosetherightanswerstothequestionsyouhear.W:Hey,Eric,haveyoureadthatletterinthepaperaboutsmokingthismorning?Don'tyouthinkthepersonwhowrotethathasgonetoofar?M:Idon'tthinkso,Rose.Tomymindthegovernmentshoulddoeverythingitcantodiscouragepeoplefromsmoking,especiallytheyoungsters.W:Maybeso.Butitseemsalawbanningcigaretteswoulddonogood.M:No.Youcan'tsuddenlymakesmokingillegal.Butthegovernmentcouldprohibitsmokinginpublicplaces,likecinemasandtheatres.W:Iquiteagreethatsmokingshouldbebannedinpublicplaces.Idon'tsmokemyselfandcigarettesmokingbothersme.ButIdon'tknowifitwillwork.Youknow,ifyoubansmokinginallpublicplaces,manysmokerswillwanttodoit.Peoplealwayswanttodothingsthattheyarenotallowedtodo.M:Yes,that'strue.W:ButIthinkpeopleshouldbeallowedtosmokeinthestreet.Don'tyouthinkso?

M:Notatall.FranklyIthinksmokingshouldbebannedaltogetherinpublicandprivateplaces.Inthefirstplaceit'sadirtyhabit.Inthesecondplaceit'sdangeroustoyourhealth.Questions1.Whatdoestheletterinthepapersuggestthatthegovernmentdo?2.Whatdothetwospeakershaveincommon?3.Whatdoyouknowaboutthewoman?4.Whichofthefollowingistrueoftheman?Unit3MemoryPartBListeningTasksAPassageHowOurMemoryWorksExercise1Listentothepassageandchoosetherightanswerstothequestionsyouhear.Humanbeingshaveamazingmemories.Apartfromallourpersonalmemoriesaboutourownlives,wecanrecallbetween20,000and100,000wordsinourownlanguageaswellaspossiblythousandsmoreinaforeignlanguage.Wehaveallsortsofinformationaboutdifferentsubjectssuchashistory,science,andgeography,andwehavecomplexskillssuchasdrivingacarorplayingamusicalinstrument.Allthesethingsandcountlessothersdependonourmemory.Howwellyourememberthingsdependsonmanydifferentfactors.Firstly,somepeoplenaturallyhavebettermemoriesthanothers,injustthesamewayassomepeoplearetallerthanothers,orhavedifferentcoloreyes.Sometopchessplayers,forexample,canremembereverymoveofeverygamethattheyhaveeverseenorplayed.Secondly,researchshowsthatdifferentthingsarestoredindifferentpartsofthebrain.Ideas,words,andnumbersarestoredintheleft-handside,whiletheright-handsideremembersimages,sounds,andsmells.Inmostpeopleonesideofthebrainismoredevelopedthantheother,andthismayexplainwhysomepeoplecanrememberpeople'sfaceseasily,butcan'tremembertheirnames.Thirdly,weallrememberexciting,frightening,ordramaticeventsmoreeasily.Thisisbecausetheseexperiencesproducechemicalssuchasadrenaline,whichboostyourmemory.Fourthly,thecontextinwhichyoulearnsomethingcanaffecthowwellyourememberit.Testsondivers,forexample,showedthatwhentheylearnedthingsunderwater,theycouldalsorememberthosethingsbestwhentheywereunderwater.Lastly,themoreoftenyourecallamemory,themorelikelyyouaretorememberit.Ifyoudon'tuseit,you'llloseit.Atelephonenumberthatyoudialfrequentlywillstayinyourmemoryeasily,butyouwillprobablyhavetowritedownonethatyouuseonlynowandagain.Questions1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?3.Whichofthefollowingisstatedtobetrue?4.Whycanwerememberexciting,dramatic,orfrighteningeventsbetter?Exercise2Listentothepassageagainandfillinthefollowingblankswiththemissinginformation.SpeakingTasksPairWorkA.ReflectionsonthetextYou'vejustheardapassageabouttheimportanceofmemory.Haveyoueverthoughtabouthowimportantyourmemoryis?Andhaveyouevercomplainedthatyouhaveabadmemory?Exchangeviewswithyourpartner.Youmaymentionthefollowingpointsinyourdiscussion.○theimportanceofmemory○factorsinfluencinghowwellone'smemoryworks○waystoimproveone'smemoryB.DescribinganunforgettableexperienceASampleItismentionedinthepassagethatexciting,frighteningordramaticeventstendtoleaveasharpimpressiononyourmemory.Whatisthemostunforgettableexperienceinyourlife?Describeittoyourpartner.PossibleDescription(forreference)Itwasanextremelyhotdayin1980.ThatnightmyroommateandIwenttobedearly.Allofasuddenwefeltthatthewholebuildingwasshaking."Itmustbeanearthquake,"criedmyroommate.Quicklysheputonherdressandhershoes.Onhearingwhatshesaid,Iwasfrightenedtodeathandmywholebodyfroze,unabletomove.Insteadofputtingonmyclothes,Ikeptcrying,"Pleasewaitforme!Pleasedon'tleaveme!"Iwassoafraidthatshemightignoremeandrunoutofthebuildingtofindasafeplaceforherself.ContrarytowhatIexpected,shereturned,stoodbymybedsideandwaitedformepatiently.Shewatchedmeclumsilyputonmyblouseandtrousersandthenwewentdownstairstogether.Oncewewereoutontheplayground,mypanicwasgoneandIwasabletothink.OnrecallingwhatIhadrequiredmyroommatetodo,Ifeltguilty.Noonecantellwhatmighthappennextduringanearthquake.Byaskinghertowaitforme,Imighthaveputherlifeindanger!Shewastoosmartnottorealizethat,Ithink.Butshewaitedformeanyway.HowselfishIwas!Thatearthquakeandthecourageousactofmyroommatehavealwaysstayedinmymind,longaftertheevent.********************Nowusetheabovesampleasyourmodelanddescribeanunforgettableeventtoyourpartner.PartCTestYourListeningListentothepassageandchoosetherightanswerstothequestionsyouhear.Tomanypeopleadvancingagemeanslosingyourhairandyourmemory.Butisittruethattheolderyouget,thelessyouremember?Actually,inhealthypeople,memorydoesn'tdeteriorateasquicklyasmanyofusthink.Asweage,ourmemorymechanismisn'tbroken,it'sjustdifferent.Thebrain'sprocessingtimeslowsdownovertheyears.Recentresearchsuggeststhatnervecellsloseefficiencyandthatthere'slessactivityinthepartofthebrainthatdecideswhethertostoreinformationornot.Therearestepsyoucantaketoimproveyourmemory,thoughyouhavetoworktokeepyourbraininshape.Somememoryenhancementexpertssuggestwepayattentiontowhatwewanttoremember.Thengivesomemeaningtoit.Werememberthingswhenwefocusonthem,whetherweintendtoornot.Basicorganizationhelpsusremembertheboringstuff.Forexample,ratherthantryingtorecallarandomlistofgroceries,wecandividethemintocategories,suchasdairy,meat,andproduce.Forimportantthingslikekeysandmoney,wecansetupa"forget-me-not"spotwherewealwayskeepthem.Wecanalsoeattoaidourmemorypower.Wholegrains,fruitsandvegetablesareexcellentsourcesofglucose,thebrain'spreferredfuel.Togetadequaterestisalow-techwaytoimprovememory.Sleepmayallowourbraintimetoencodememories.Interestinfriends,familyandhobbiesdoeswondersforourmemory.Asenseofpassionorpurposehelpsusremember.Memoryrequiresustopayattentiontoourlives,allowingustodiscoverinthemeverythingworthremembering.Questions1.Whichofthefollowingcanwelearnfromthepassage?2.Whichofthefollowingcanhelpimproveourmemoryaccordingtothepassage?3.Whatshouldwedotoaidourmemorypoweraccordingtothepassage?Unit4DealingwithCulturalDifferencesPartBListeningTasksAConversationEmbarrassingExperiencesExercise1Listentotheinterviewandchoosetherightanswerstothequestionsyouhear.Interviewer:Rob,youwenttoBrazil,didn'tyou?

Rob:Yes,Idid.Interviewer:So,whathappened?Rob:Well,Iwentintothismeetingandtherewereabout,er...sevenoreightpeopleinthereandIjustsaid"Hello"toeverybodyandsatdown.Apparently,whatIshouldhavedoneistogoroundtheroomshakinghandswitheveryoneindividually.Well,youknow,it'ssillyofmebecauseIfoundoutlateritupseteveryone.IthinktheyfeltIwastakingthemforgranted.Kate:Well,IknowthatbecausewhenIwasinFrancethefirsttime,Ifinishedameetingwith"Goodbye,everyone!"toallthepeopleintheroom.Well,Ilaterfoundoutthatthepolitethingtodoisshakehandswitheveryoneinthegroupbeforeleaving.Interviewer:Well,peopleshakehandsindifferentways,don'tthey?Rob:Oh,yes,theydo.See,normallyIshakehandsquitegentlywhenImeetsomeone.SowhenIwenttotheUSforthefirsttime,Ithinkpeopletherethoughtmyweakhandshakewasasignofweakness.Apparently,peopletheretendtoshakehandsquitefirmly.Kate:Oh,gosh,thatremindsmeofmyfirsttriptoGermanymanyyearsago.Iwasintroducedtothebossinthecompanywhenhepassedusinthecorridor.Well,Iwasn'tprepared,andIhadmylefthandinmypocket.AndwhenweshookhandsIrealizedmylefthandwasstillinmypocket.Well,thatwas,youknow,verybadmannersandIwasquiteembarrassed.Interviewer:Andhowaboutusingfirstnames?Haveyoumadeanymistakesthere?Rob:Oh,yes,Ihave!WhenIfirstwenttoItalyIthoughtitwasOKtouseeveryone'sfirstnamesoastoseemfriendly.AndIlaterdiscoveredthatinbusinessyoushouldn'tusesomeone'sfirstnameunlessyouareinvitedto.Oh,andyoushouldalwaysusetheirtitlesaswell.Kate:Hm,yeah,well,whenImetpeopleinRussia,youknow,theyseemedtobepuzzledwhenIshookhandswiththemandsaid"Howdoyoudo"

Well,whattheydowhentheygreetastrangerissaytheirownnames,soIhadthatall