20196月四級真題及解析卷二

英語四級真題及答案（卷二）英語四級真題及答案（卷二）PartIWriting1、【題干】Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourcampusnewspaperonavisittoalocalfarmorganizedbyyourStudentUnion.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.【答案】AnImpressiveActivities-VisitingInordertohelpusstudentstoenrichlifeandbroadenhorizon,theStudentUnionorganizedameaningfulactivityonlastweekend--visitingthelocalfarm,bywhichwegraspedmuchusefulknowledgeaboutagriculture.ThefarmwevisitedislocatedinthesuburbofBeijingandfarawayfromourschool,whichcoversanareaof1000squarefeet.Alongwithnativefoodslikericeandpotatoes,thefarmersonthefarmgrowmanyorganicvegetables,includingcorn,cucumbers,tomatoesandsoforth.Besides,thefarmbreedsahostoflocalspeciessuchasdairycattle,geese,chickenbymodernscientifictechnique.Oneofthemostimpressivethingsforusisthatbymeansofgreenfarmingmethods,theproblemofenvironmentalpollutionhasbeeneffectivelyalleviated.Thisoutdoorsactivityhasareallydeepimpressionforus.Notonlydiditgetusclosertothenatureandrelievepressurefromus,italsoenhanceourprofessionalknowledgeabouthusbandrytechnology.PartⅢReadingSectionAThecenterofAmericanautomobileinnovationhasinthepastdecademoved2,000milesaway.Ithas_____(27)fromDetroittoSiliconValley,whereself-drivingvehiclesarecomingintolife.Ina_____(28)totakeproductionbacktoDetroit,Michiganlawmakershaveintroduced_____(29)thatcouldmaketheirstatethebestplaceinthecountry,ifnottheworld,todevelopself-drivingvehiclesandputthemontheroad."Michigan's_____(30)inautoresearchanddevelopmentisunderattackfromseveralstatesandcountrieswhichdesireto_____(31)ourleadershipintransportation.Wecan'tlethappen,"saysSenatorMikeKowall,thelead_____(32)offourbillsrecentlyintroduced.Ifallfourbillspassaswritten,theywould_____(33)asubstantialupdateofMichigan's2013lawthatallowedthetestingofself-drivingvehiclesinlimitedconditions.Manufacturerwouldhavenearlytotalfreedomtotesttheirself-drivingtechnologyonpublicroads.Theywouldbeallowedtosendgroupsofself-drivingcarsoncross-stateroadtrips,andevenseton-demand_____(34)ofself-drivingcars,liketheoneGeneralMotorsandLyftarebuilding.LawmakersinMichiganclearlywanttomakethestatereadyforthecommercialapplicationofself-drivingtechnology.In_____(35),California,homeofSiliconValley,recentlyproposedfarmore_____(36)rulesthatwouldrequirehumandriversbereadytotakethewheel,andcommercialuseofself-drivingtechnology.27、【題干】_____.【選項】【答案】H28、【題干】_____.【選項】【答案】A29、【題干】_____.【選項】【答案】G30、【題干】_____.【選項】【答案】D31、【題干】_____.【選項】【答案】I32、【題干】_____.【選項】【答案】N33、【題干】_____.【選項】【答案】J34、【題干】_____.【選項】【答案】E35、【題干】_____.【選項】【答案】B36、【題干】_____.【選項】【答案】KPartⅢReadingSectionBMakeStuff,Fail,AndLearnWhileYou'reAtIt[A]We'vealwaysbeenahands-on,do-it-yourselfkindofnation.BenFranklin,oneofAmerica'sfoundingfathers,didn'tjustinventthelightningrod.Hiscreationsincludeglasses,innovativestovesandmore.[B]Franklin,whowaslargelyself-taught,mayhavebeenagenius,buthewasn'treallyanexceptionwhenitcomestoAmericanmakingandcreativity.[C]ThepersonalcomputingrevolutionandphilosophyofdisruptiveinnovationofSiliconValleygrew,inpart,outofthecreationsoftheHomebrewComputerClub,WhichwasfoundedinagarageinMenloPark,California,inthemid-1970s.Members—includingguysnamedJobsandWozniak—startedmakingandinventingthingstheycouldn'tbuy.[D]Soit'snosurprisethattheMakerMovementtodayisthrivingincommunitiesandsomeschoolsacrossAmerica.Makingisavailabletoordinarypeoplewhoaren'ttiedtobigcompanies,bigdefenselabsorresearchuniversities.ThemakerphilosophyechoesoldideasadvocatedbyJohnDewey,Montessori,andevenancientGreekphilosophers,aswepointedoutrecently.[E]Thesemakerspacesareoftenoutsideofclassrooms,andareservinganimportanteducationalfunction.TheMakerMovementisrediscoveringlearningbydoing,whichisDewey'sphrasefrom100yearsago.WearerediscoveringDeweyandMontessoriandalotofthepracticesthattheypioneeredthathavebeenforgottenoratleastputaside.Amakerspaceisaplacewhichcanbeinaschool,butitdoesn'tlooklikeaclassroom.Itcanbeinalibrary.Itcanbeoutinthecommunity.Ithastoolsandmaterials.It'saplacewhereyougettomakethingsbasedonyourinterestandonwhatyou'relearningtodo.[F]Ideasaboutlearningbydoinghavestruggledtobecomemainstreameducationally,despitebeingoldconceptsfromDeweyandMontessori,PlatoandAristotle,andintheAmericanContcxt,RalphEmerson,onthevalueofexperienceandself-reliance.It'snotnecessarilyanefficientwaytolearn.Welearn,inasense,bytrialanderror.Learningfromexperienceissomethingthattakestimeandpatience.It'sveryindividualized.Ifyourgoalistohavestandardizedapproachestolearning,whereeverybodylearnsthesamethingatthesametimeinthesameway,thenlearningbydoingdoesn'treallyfitthatmoldanymore.It'snottheworldoftextbooks.It'snottheworldoftesting.[G]Learningbydoingmaynotbeefficient,butitiseffective.Project-basedlearninghasgrowninpopularitywithteachersandadministrators.However,project-basedlearningisnotmaking.Althoughthereisaconnection,thereisalsoadistinction.Thedifferenceliesinwhethertheprojectisinasensedefinedanddevelopedbythestudentorwhetherit'sassignedbyateacher.We'llallgetthekidstobuildasmallboat.WeareallgoingtolearnaboutX,Y,andZ.Thattendstobeoneformofproject-basedlearning.[H]Ireallybelievethecoreideaofmakingistohaveanideawithinyourhead—oryoujustborrowitfromsomeone—andbegintodevelopit,repeatitandimproveit.Then,realizethatideasomehow.Thatthingthatyoumakeisvaluabletoyouandyoucanshareitwithothers.I'minterestedinhowthesethingsareexpressionsofthatperson,theirideas,andtheirinteractionswiththeworld.[I]Insomeways,alotofformsofmakinginschooltrivialize(使變得無足輕重)making.Thethingthatyoumakehasnovaluetoyou.Onceyouaredonedemonstratingwhateverconceptwasinthetextbook,youthrowawaythepipecleaners,thecardboardtubes.[J]Makingshouldbestudent-directedandstudent-led,otherwiseit'sboring.Itdoesn'thavethemotivationofthestudent.I'mnotsayingthatstudentsshouldnotlearnconceptsornotlearnskills.Theydo.Buttoreallyharnesstheirmotivationistobuildupontheirinterest.It'stoletthembeincontrolandtodrivethecar.[K]Teachersshouldaimtobuildasupportive,creativeenvironmentforstudentstodothiswork.Averysocialenvironment,wheretheyarelearningfromeachother.Whentheyhaveaproblem,itisn'ttheteachernecessarilycomingintosolveit.Theyareresponsibleforworkingthroughthatproblem.Itmightbetheyhavetotalktootherstudentsintheclasstohelpgetananswer.[L]Theteacher'sroleismoreofacoachorobserver.Sometimes,topeople,itsoundslikethisisadiminishedroteforteachers.Ithinkit'saheightenedrole.You'reereatingthisenvironment,likeamakerspace.Youhave20kidsdoingdifferentthings.Youarewatchingthemandreallyit'sthehumanbehaviorsyou'relookingat.AretheyengagedAtheydevelopingandrepeatingtheirprojectAretheystumbling(受挫)Dotheyneedsomethingthattheydon'thaveCanyouhelpthembeawareofwheretheyare？[M]Mybeliefisthatthegoalofmakingisnottogeteverykidtobehands-on,butitenableustobegoodlearners.It'snottheknowledgethatisvaluable,It'sthepracticeoflearningnewthingsandunderstandinghowthingswork.Theseareprocessesthatyouaredevelopingsothatyouareable,overtime,totacklemoreinterestingproblems,morechallengingproblems—problemsthatrequiremanypeopleinsteadofoneperson,andmanyskillsinsteadofone.[N]Ifteacherskeepitform-freeandstudent-led,itcanstillbetiedtoacurriculumandaneducationalplan.Ithinkamakerspaceismorelikealikealibraryinthattherearemultiplesubjectsandmultiplethingsthatyoucanlearn.Whatseemstobemissinginschoolishowthesesubjectsintegrate,howtheyfittogetherinanymeaningfulway.Ratherthansaying,‘Thisisscience,overhereishistory,'Iseeschoolstakingthisideaofprojectsandlookingat:Howdotheysupportchildreninhigherlevellearning？[O]Ifeellikethisisashiftawayformasubjectmatter-basedcurriculumtoamoreexperientialcurriculumorlearning.It'sstillinitsearlystages,butIthinkit'sshiftingaroundnotwhatkidslearnbuthowtheylearn.37.【題干】Amakerspaceiswherepeoplemakethingsaccordingtotheirpersonalinterests.【選項】【答案】E38.【題干】Theteachers'roleisenhancedinamakerspaceastheyhavetomonitorandfacilitateduringtheprocess.【選項】【答案】L39.【題干】Comingupwithanideaofone'sownorimprovingonefromothersiskeytotheconceptofmaking.【選項】【答案】H40.【題干】Contrarytostructuredlearning,learningbydoingishighlyindividualized.【選項】【答案】F41.【題干】Americaisanationknownfortheideaofmakingthingsbyoneself.【選項】【答案】A42.【題干】Makingwillbeboringunlessstudentsareabletotakecharge.【選項】【答案】J43.【題干】Makingcanberelatedtoaproject,butitiscreatedandcarriedoutbystudentsthemselves.【選項】【答案】G44.【題干】Theauthorsuggestsincorporatingtheideaofamakerspaceintoaschoolcurriculum.【選項】【答案】N45.【題干】Themakerconceptisamodernversionofsomeancientphilosophicalideas.【選項】【答案】D46.【題干】Makingisnottakenseriouslyinschoolwhenstudentsareaskedtomakesomethingmeaninglesstothembasedontextbooks.【選項】【答案】IPartⅢReadingSectionCPassageOneQuestions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intheclassicmarriagevow(誓約),couplespromisetostaytogetherinsicknessandinhealth.Butanewstudyfindsthattheriskofdivorceamongoldercouplesriseswhenthewife-notthehusband—becomesseriouslyill."Marriedwomendiagnosedwithaserioushealthconditionmayfindthemselvesstrugglingwiththeimpactoftheirdiseasewhilealsoexperiencingthestressofdivorce,"saidresearcherAmeliaKarraker.Karrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamanalyzed20yearsofdataon2,717marriagesfromastudyconductedbyIndianaUniversitysince1992.Atthetimeofthefirstinterview,atleastoneofthepartnerswasovertheageof50.Theresearchersexaminedhowtheonset(發(fā)生)offourseriousphysicalillnessesaffectedmarriages.Theyfoundthat,overall,31%ofmarriagesendedindivorceovertheperiodstudied.Theincidenceofnewchronic(慢性的)illnessonsetincreasedovertimeaswill,withmorehusbandsthanwivesdevelopingserioushealthproblems."Wefoundthatwomenaredoublyvulnerabletomaritalbreak-upinthefaceofillness,"Karrakersaid."They'remorelikelytobewidowed,andifthey'rethenoeswhobecomeill,they'remorelikelytogetdivorced."Whilethestudydidn'tassesswhydivorceinmorelikelywhenwivesbutnothusbandsbecomeseriouslyill,Karrakeroffersafewpossiblereasons."Gendernormsandsocialexpectationsaboutcaregivingmanymakeitmoredifficultformentoprovidecaretosickspouses,"Karrakersaid."Andbecauseoftheimbalanceinmarriagemarkets,especiallyinolderages,divorcedmenhavemorechoicesamongprospectivepartnersthandivorcedwomen."Giventheincreasingconcernabouthealthcarecostsfortheagingpopulation,Karrakerbelievespolicymakersshouldbeawareoftherelationshipbetweendiseaseandriskofdivorce."Offeringsupportservicestospousescaringfortheirotherhalvesmayreducemaritalstressandpreventdivorceatolderages,"shesaid."Butit'salsoimportanttorecognizethatthepressuretodivorcemaybehealth-relatedandthatsickex-wivesmayneedadditionalcareandservicestopreventworseninghealthandincreasedhealthcosts."47.【題干】Whatcanwelearnaboutmarriagevowsfromthepassage？【選項】maynotguaranteealastingmarriage.areasbindingastheyusedtobe.arenottakenseriouslyanymore.mayhelpcouplestideoverhardtimes.【答案】A48.【題干】WhatdidKarrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamfindaboutelderlyhusbands？【選項】aregenerallynotgoodattakingcareofthemselves.canbecomeincreasinglyvulnerabletoseriousillnesses.candevelopdifferentkindsofillnessesjustliketheirwives.aremorelikelytocontractseriousillnessesthantheirwives.【答案】B49.【題干】WhatdoesKarrakersayaboutwomenwhofallill？【選項】aremorelikelytobewidowed.aremorelikelytogetdivorced.arelesslikelytoreceivegoodcare.arelesslikelytobothertheirspouses.【答案】B50.【題干】WhyisitmoredifficultformentotakecareoftheirsickspousesaccordingtoKarraker？【選項】aremoreaccustomedtoreceivingcare.finditmoreimportanttomakemoneyforthefamily.thinkitmoreurgenttofulfilltheirsocialobligations.expectsocietytodomoreofthejob.【答案】A51.【題干】WhatdoesKarrakerthinkisalsoimportant？【選項】maritalstressonwives.oldcouples'srelations.extracarefordivorcedwomen.menpayfortheirwives'healthcosts.【答案】CPassageTwoQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouwerelikemostchildren,youprobablygotupsetwhenyourmothercalledyoubyasibling's(兄弟姐妹的)name.HowcouldshenotknowyouDiditmeanshelovedyouless？Probablynot.Accordingtothefirstresearchtotacklethistopichead-on,misnamingthemostfamiliarpeopleinourlifeisacommoncognitive(認(rèn)知的)errorthathastodowithhowourmemoriesclassifyandstorefamiliarnames.Thestudy,publishedonlineinAprilinthejournalMemoryandCognition,foundthatthe"wrong"nameisnotrandombutisinvariablyfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond:children,siblings,friends.Thestudydidnotexaminethepossibilityofdeeppsychologicalsignificancetothemistake,sayspsychologistDavidRubin,"butitdoestelluswho'sinandwho'soutofthegroup."Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup,misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialorinternalsounds,likeJimmyandJoanieorJohnandBob.Physicalresemblancebetweenpeoplewasnotafactor.Norwasgender.Theresearchersconductedfiveseparatesurveysofmorethan1,700people.Someofthesurveysincludedonlycollegestudents;othersweredonewithamixed-agepopulation.Someaskedsubjectsaboutincidentswheresomeoneclosetothem—familyorfriend—hadcalledthembyanotherperson'sname.Theothersurveysaskedabouttimeswhensubjectshadthemselvescalledsomeoneclosetothembythewrongname.Allthesurveysfoundthatpeoplemixedupnameswithinrelationshipgroupssuchasgrandchildren,friendsandsiblingsbuthardlyevercrossedtheseboundaries.Ingeneral,thestudyfoundthatundergraduateswerealmostaslikelyasoldpeopletomakethismistakeandmenaslikelyaswomen.Olderpeopleandthismistakeandmenaslikelyaswomen.Olderpeopleandwomenmadethemistakeslightlymoreoften,butthatmaybebecausegrandparentshavemoregrandchildrentomixupthanparentshavechildren.Also,mothersmaycallontheirchildrenmoreoftenthanfathers,giventraditio