考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安陽(yáng)工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安陽(yáng)工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theworldisfacingthe_______ofwatershortagescausedbypopulationgrowth,unevensuppliesofwater,pollution,andotherfactors.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospect

B.insight

C.location

D.anticipation

【答案】D

【解析】prospect展望,前途;insight洞察力,見(jiàn)識(shí);location位置,場(chǎng)所;anticipation預(yù)期,預(yù)感。句意：世界將面臨著所預(yù)期的因人口增長(zhǎng),供水不平衡,污染等因素造成的水資源短缺問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Einstein’stheoryofrelativityseemedhardtobelieveatthetime______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thathefirstintroducedit

B.whenhefirstintroduced

C.hefirstintroduced

D.whichhefirstintroducedit

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.thathefirstintroducedit他第一次介紹它B.whenhefirstintroduced他第一次介紹

C.hefirstintroduced他第一次介紹D.whichhefirstintroducedit他第一次介紹它

【考查點(diǎn)】定語(yǔ)從句。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，atthetime（在那時(shí)）為句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，句意是“愛(ài)因斯坦的相對(duì)論在當(dāng)時(shí)似乎難以置信”，空格處為定語(yǔ)從句修飾atthetime，引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以從句主謂賓必須完整，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C項(xiàng)缺少賓語(yǔ)it；

D項(xiàng)which應(yīng)該改為atwhich。

【句意】當(dāng)愛(ài)因斯坦第一次提出相對(duì)論時(shí)，他的理論似乎難以置信。

3.單選題

Itisnecessaryforthevaluablespeciesto（）itselfinordertostayinexistence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.infer

B.propagate

C.inject

D.jerk

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：為了能夠使珍稀物種生存，必須進(jìn)行。infer推論；propagate繁殖；inject注射；jerk猛拉。因此，B項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain’sneural(神經(jīng)的)networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepatternrecognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinbrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

1.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday（

）.

2.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfrom（

）.

3.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto（

）.

4.What’stheauthor’sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?

5.Whichofthefollowingisclosetinmeaningtotheunderlinedphrase“theonlygameintown”(Line3,Para.4)?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheshapeofanobject

B.areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehavior

C.arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50’s

D.stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theshiftofthefocusofstudytotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjects

B.thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms

C.theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-oldchild

D.theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputers

B.buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitches

C.findouthowintelligencedevelopinnature

D.separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout.

B.It’sabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.

C.It’smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort.

D.Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.

B.Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.

C.Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.

D.Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：作者說(shuō)當(dāng)今強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)……A選項(xiàng)“能夠可靠地識(shí)別物體的形狀”；B選項(xiàng)“接近人類行為的表現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)“他們的表現(xiàn)和50年代的沒(méi)有什么不同”；D選項(xiàng)“仍然不能用人類的語(yǔ)言與人交流”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第二三句話：Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.（盡管計(jì)算機(jī)很有用，但是它們離實(shí)現(xiàn)類似人類行為這一早期愿望還差得很遠(yuǎn)，更別提像對(duì)話這樣復(fù)雜的事情了：最強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)也很難可靠地識(shí)別物體的形狀，然而這對(duì)一個(gè)10個(gè)月大的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)是最基本的任務(wù)。），從這句可以看出，選項(xiàng)A、B錯(cuò)誤，答案選D；選項(xiàng)C文章沒(méi)有提及。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：人工智能研究的新趨勢(shì)源于……。A選項(xiàng)“研究的重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)ξ矬w形狀的識(shí)別”；B選項(xiàng)“相信人類的智慧不能被邏輯上的、按部遞進(jìn)的程序所復(fù)制”；C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家們渴望復(fù)制一個(gè)10個(gè)月大的孩子的智力”；D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家們?cè)谘芯烤w管和腦細(xì)胞之間相似性方面所做的努力”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二三句話Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.（科學(xué)家們表示，問(wèn)題在于，人工智能一直在試圖分離語(yǔ)言和數(shù)學(xué)等最高、最抽象的思維層次，并用邏輯的、循序漸進(jìn)的程序來(lái)復(fù)制它們。另一方面，人工智能領(lǐng)域的一項(xiàng)新運(yùn)動(dòng)更深入地探討了自然與智能之間的間接聯(lián)系），從這句可以看出科學(xué)家指出問(wèn)題在于人們一直在用看似有邏輯的步驟來(lái)復(fù)制抽象的思維，但其實(shí)這樣是行不通的，所以答案選B；A、C選項(xiàng)只是對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的拼接，不是問(wèn)題所在；D選項(xiàng)文章沒(méi)有提及。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：康拉德和他的人工智能研究小組一直在努力……。A選項(xiàng)“找到一個(gè)迂回的方法來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)功能強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)”；B選項(xiàng)“用一個(gè)巧妙的交換機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)”；C選項(xiàng)“了解智能實(shí)際上是如何發(fā)展的”；D選項(xiàng)“將思維的最高層次和最抽象的層次分開(kāi)”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文第三段第一句“計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家兼生物物理學(xué)家邁克爾?康拉德（MichaelConrad）說(shuō)，模仿大腦的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)（Imitatingthebrain’sneuralnetwork）是朝著正確方向邁出的一大步，但它仍然忽略了自然智能（naturalintelligence）的一個(gè)重要方面?！?，通過(guò)這一句話可以看出，康拉德所做的內(nèi)容是人工智能和自然智能之間的關(guān)系，康拉德贊同人工智能取得進(jìn)步的想法，但是他同時(shí)認(rèn)為不能忽略自然智能的某一方面。再結(jié)合第三段最后兩句“具體來(lái)說(shuō)，康拉德認(rèn)為，大腦的許多能力都源于構(gòu)成每個(gè)腦細(xì)胞（eachbraincell）的單個(gè)分子的模式識(shí)別能力。他聲稱，制造人工智能設(shè)備的最佳方法是圍繞同樣的分子技能（thesamesortofmolecularskills）來(lái)制造。”可知康拉德一直在努力了解大腦本身是如何運(yùn)作的，再用于人工智能中，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。ABD三項(xiàng)都不符合題干，排除。

第4題:作者意圖題。A選項(xiàng)“它在人工智能研究人員中引起了轟動(dòng)，但很快就會(huì)消失”；B選項(xiàng)“這是在復(fù)制人類思維過(guò)程方面的一個(gè)突破”；C選項(xiàng)“這更像是一個(gè)奇特的游戲，而不是真正的科學(xué)努力”；D選項(xiàng)“它可能被證明是在正確的方向上，盡管沒(méi)有人能確定它的未來(lái)前景”。定位到文章第二段最后一句話Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield（這些早期努力的成果既有希望，也有獨(dú)特之處，新的基于自然的人工智能運(yùn)動(dòng)正在緩慢但肯定地走向該領(lǐng)域的前沿），從這里可知答案選D，其他選項(xiàng)不符合題意。

第5題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。A選項(xiàng)：“這是制造人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)的唯一途徑”；B選項(xiàng)“這是他們贏得人工智能研究獎(jiǎng)的唯一途徑”；C選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)中唯一值得學(xué)習(xí)的領(lǐng)域”；D選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)诔抢镂ㄒ幌胪娴挠螒颉?。第四段最后一句：Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.（但如果這是真的，那么康拉德和他的人工智能伙伴們的努力可能會(huì)成為（））然后定位到第三段最后一句：Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills（他（康拉德）聲稱，建造人工智能設(shè)備的最好方法是圍繞同樣的分子技術(shù)來(lái)建造），從這里可以看出來(lái)康拉德另辟蹊徑的目的是為了建造人工智能，如果康拉德及其團(tuán)隊(duì)的道路是正確的話那么這會(huì)是通往城市唯一的游戲，由此可以推測(cè)通往城市的唯一游戲是指建造人工智能唯一的方法，所以A選項(xiàng)正確，其他選項(xiàng)不符合題意。

5.單選題

Hisoriginalityasacomposeris（

）bythefollowinggroupofsongs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exemplified

B.created

C.performed

D.realize

【答案】A

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。exemplify“例證”；create“創(chuàng)造”；perform“執(zhí)行；表演”；realize“實(shí)現(xiàn)；認(rèn)識(shí)到”。句意：作為作曲家，下面例舉的幾首曲子可以證明他的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Asanimportant（）forouremotionsandideas,musiccanplayahugeroleinourlife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vessel

B.vest

C.venture

D.vehicle

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)vessel“船，器皿”，B項(xiàng)vest“背心，汗衫”，C項(xiàng)venture“冒險(xiǎn)旅行”，D項(xiàng)vehicle“車輛，交通工具，運(yùn)載工具”。后文提到“音樂(lè)在生活中發(fā)揮重要作用”，根據(jù)前文的ouremotionandideas（我們的情感和思想）可知空格處表示“載體”。句意：作為情感和思想的重要載體，音樂(lè)在我們的生活中扮演著重要的角色。因此，該題D項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Theauthorofthereportiswell（

）withtheproblemsinthehospitalbecausehehasbeenworkingthereformanyyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquainted

B.informed

C.enlightened

D.advised

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。acquaint“使熟悉；使認(rèn)識(shí)”，常與with連用；inform“通知，報(bào)告”，常用搭配beinformedof；enlighten“啟蒙、教導(dǎo)”；advise“建議，勸告”。句意：這篇報(bào)道的作者非常了解醫(yī)院的問(wèn)題，因?yàn)樗谶@家醫(yī)院已經(jīng)工作很多年了。A項(xiàng)符合題意，答案A

8.單選題

ItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliam（

）hisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willcontinue

B.continued

C.continue

D.continues

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管有著一些學(xué)習(xí)困難，但是威廉卻完全有必要繼續(xù)自己的學(xué)習(xí)。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾樘摂M語(yǔ)氣。It’s+形容詞（essential,necessary,important等）+從句（謂語(yǔ)是shoulddo,其中should可以省略）。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“Itisabsolutelyessentialthat完全有必要”可知C項(xiàng)“continue”正確。

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.

Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,or―independentlyofanycourse―simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.

Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocompriseincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.

Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.

1.Accordingtothepassage,scientificsubculturemeans____.

2.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause____.

3.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho____.

4.Accordingtothispassage,____.

5.Thispassagemostprobablyis____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientists

B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited

C.thescientificcommunity

D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists

B.scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife

C.scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture

D.itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience

B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets

C.workinastorehouseofdriedfacts

D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Englishisasexistlanguage

B.onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidly

C.womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage

D.malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.abookreview

B.theprefaceofabook

C.thepostscriptofabook

D.theconcludingpartofabook

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,scientificsubculturemeans____.根據(jù)文章，科學(xué)亞文化意味著______。

A.culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientistsA.由科學(xué)家組成的文化團(tuán)體

B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimitedB.那些科學(xué)知識(shí)非常有限的人

C.thescientificcommunityC.科學(xué)社區(qū)

D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscienceD.對(duì)科學(xué)有貢獻(xiàn)的人

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞scientificsubculture可定位到Para.1第三句，該處講到“亞文化（subculture）是科學(xué)家生活的地方”。可以推斷科學(xué)亞文化就是一個(gè)社區(qū)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“由科學(xué)家組成的文化團(tuán)體”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“那些科學(xué)知識(shí)非常有限的人”屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)科學(xué)有貢獻(xiàn)的人”屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause____.我們需要了解科學(xué)的結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)作，因?yàn)開(kāi)___。

A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientistsA.要理解那些使科學(xué)家激動(dòng)和沮喪的事情是不容易的

B.scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife.B.科學(xué)影響著我們生活的方方面面

C.scientistsliveinaspecificsubcultureC.科學(xué)家生活在一個(gè)特定的亞文化中

D.itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceD.這樣更容易理解科學(xué)的一般特征

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞scienceaffectsaspectofourlife可定位到Para.1第二句，該處講到“由于它幾乎涉及我們生活的方方面面，受過(guò)教育的人至少需要對(duì)它的結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)作有所了解。（Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife）”。這里的it指代上一句中的science，即科學(xué)涉及到方方面面。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“要理解那些使科學(xué)家激動(dòng)和沮喪的事情是不容易的”，文中提到如果一個(gè)人知道那些使科學(xué)家激動(dòng)不已和灰心喪氣的東西，就比較容易理解科學(xué)的一般特征以及具體的科學(xué)概念。該選項(xiàng)偷換概念;

C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家生活在一個(gè)特定的亞文化中”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“這樣更容易理解科學(xué)的一般特征”，文中講到如果一個(gè)人知道那些使科學(xué)家激動(dòng)不已和灰心喪氣的東西，才會(huì)比較容易理解科學(xué)的一般特征。這里屬于張冠李戴。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho____.這篇文章中提到的書(shū)是為那些____的讀者。

A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscienceA.聰明的大學(xué)生和不懂科學(xué)的外行

B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgetsB.擅長(zhǎng)生產(chǎn)各種小玩意（的人）

C.workinastorehouseofdriedfactsC.在干巴巴的事實(shí)倉(cāng)庫(kù)里工作（的人）

D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscienceD.想要對(duì)科學(xué)有一個(gè)膚淺的理解（的人）

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.2第一句，該處明確表示這本書(shū)是為那些對(duì)科學(xué)了解膚淺的聰明的學(xué)生或外行而寫(xiě)的（fortheintelligentstudentorlayperson）。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“擅長(zhǎng)生產(chǎn)各種小玩意（的人）”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“在干巴巴的事實(shí)倉(cāng)庫(kù)里工作（的人）”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“想要對(duì)科學(xué)有一個(gè)膚淺的理解（的人）”，文中說(shuō)到的是學(xué)生和外行而寫(xiě)，他們對(duì)科學(xué)的認(rèn)識(shí)膚淺。而不是想要對(duì)科學(xué)有膚淺認(rèn)識(shí)的人寫(xiě)。這里屬于偷換概念。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothispassage,____.根據(jù)文章，____。

A.EnglishisasexistlanguageA.英語(yǔ)是一種隱含性別歧視的語(yǔ)言

B.onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidlyB.只有在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，女性的作用才迅速增加

C.womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguageC.婦女正在為消除我們語(yǔ)言的不足作出重大貢獻(xiàn)

D.malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientistsD.男性名詞或代詞不應(yīng)該用來(lái)指代科學(xué)家

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】Para.3中可知我們用男性的名詞代指未指明的人（usesmalenounsorpronouns），為了消除這種歧視，我們采取了措施。也就是說(shuō)我們不應(yīng)該用男性名詞或代詞指未指明的人，其中也包含科學(xué)家。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“英語(yǔ)是一種隱含性別歧視的語(yǔ)言”，文中只是說(shuō)隨著越來(lái)越多的婦女進(jìn)入傳統(tǒng)上由男子主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域并做出重大貢獻(xiàn)，這一人口已成為社會(huì)各階層中明顯趨勢(shì)的一部分。然而，在討論這些變化和貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)，我們面對(duì)的是一種隱含性別歧視的語(yǔ)言。A選項(xiàng)過(guò)度推斷；

B選項(xiàng)“只有在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，女性的作用才迅速增加”，文中提到越來(lái)越多的女性進(jìn)入科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。B選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“婦女正在為消除我們語(yǔ)言的不足作出重大貢獻(xiàn)”，文中提到越來(lái)越多的婦女進(jìn)入傳統(tǒng)上由男子主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域并作出重大貢獻(xiàn)。并沒(méi)說(shuō)在消除語(yǔ)言不足方面。C選項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thispassagemostprobablyis____.這一段很可能是____。

A.abookreviewA.一個(gè)書(shū)評(píng)

B.theprefaceofabookB.一本書(shū)的序言

C.thepostscriptofabookC.一本書(shū)的附言

D.theconcludingpartofabookD.書(shū)的結(jié)尾部分

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)Para.2“這本書(shū)是為……而寫(xiě)”（Thisbookiswrittenfor）以及最后一段“我們還努力使這本書(shū)既有娛樂(lè)性又有知識(shí)性（triedtomakethebookentertaining）”可知這篇文章是一個(gè)序言。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)書(shū)評(píng)”，如果是書(shū)評(píng)的話會(huì)寫(xiě)書(shū)的好處或者壞處；

C選項(xiàng)“一本書(shū)的附言”，如果是附言，則會(huì)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明；

D選項(xiàng)“書(shū)的結(jié)尾部分”，書(shū)的結(jié)尾應(yīng)該會(huì)對(duì)整本書(shū)進(jìn)行一個(gè)結(jié)論說(shuō)明。

A、C、D均不正確。

10.填空題

Directions:YouaregoingtoreadamagazinearticleaboutthemeparksinBritain.Forquestions34-40,choosefromthethemeparks(A-E).Thethemeparksmaybechosenmorethanonce.Thereisanexampleatthebeginning(0).Markyouranswersontheseparateanswersheet.

Ofwhichthemeparksarethefollowingstated?

Wehadnopreviousexperienceofplaceslikethis.(0)B

Thechildrenwereallyoungenoughtoenjoyit.(34)（）

Itwasgoodthatyoucouldfindsomewheretorest.(35)（）

Itwasmoreenjoyablethanwehadexpected.(36)（）

Thechildrendisagreedaboutwhatwasthemostfrighteningride.(37)（）

Thesurroundingsarenotparticularlyattractive.(38)（）

Wedidn’tmindhavingtowaittogoontherides.(39)（）

Oneoftheridesseemedtofinishveryquickly.(40)（）

VariationsonaTheme

Ifyou’rethinkingoftakingchildrentoathemepark,therearedozenstochoosefrominBritain.Weaskedfivefamiliestotestthebest.

A.FunIsland

JanandSteveBurnstookdaughterSamantha,3,andhercousinsGary,8,andJemma,10.

LastyearwewenttoahugethemeparkintheUSandwethoughtthatFunIslandmightseemdullbycomparison.Infact,wewereimpressed.Theparktrieshardtocaterforyoungerchildren,soourthree-year-olddidn’tfeelleftout.ThekidsalllovedtheCrocodileRideandtheGiantWheel.There’saspecialdodgemsridefortheveryyoungkids,whichwasagreatsuccess.Forolderchildren,therearescarierrides,suchasSplashOut,whereyouendupjumpinginapool!Afterfivehours,SteveandIwerereadytocallitaday,butthechildrenobjectedbecausetheywerehavingsuchfun.Ouronlycriticismwouldbethattheparkisslightlylackinginatmosphere,andthescenerylavessomethingtobedesired.Butthestaffareextremelyhelpfulandwefeltitwasclean,well-organizedandverysecurity-conscious.

B.Wonderland

MariaMcMillanandherfriendFrancestookOscar,18months,Ellie,4,Alex,5,andAlexander,6.

Noneofushadbeentoathemeparkbefore,sowedidn’tknowwhattoexpect.WethoughtOscarmightbetooyoung,butheadoredit.HewasinheavenontheMountainTrain,andparticularlylikedLittleLand,withitssmallreplicasoffamousbuildingsthatwereathislevel!Theolderchildrenenjoyedtheferriswheel,andloveddrivingthetoycarsonaproperroadlayout.Wespentsixhoursthereandweregladthattherewereplaceswhereyoucouldputyourfeetup.Thelandscapingisperfectandthestaffveryhelpfulandfriendly.Andthere’ssomethingforeveryone,adultsincluded.

C.AdventureWorld

TimJeffreeandhiswifeClaretookTimothy,3,Olivia,7,andEmma,9.

Aftersevenhourswefelttherewasstillalottosee.Thisisanenormousthemepark,extremelywellrunandfullofgoodrides.ThechildrenlovetheBigTopCircus,whichhadafantasticTrapezeactandkeptusontheedgeofourseats.WewentontheTerrorLineand,althoughthegirlswereratherscaredandkepttheireyesshutmostofthetime,theysaidthey’denjoyedit.TheirfavoriteridewasRunningRiverwhereyouthinkyouaregoingtogetsoaked,butyoudon’t.Foryoungerchildren,ToyLandisgreatfun.Thechildrenhadalookatthenewride,FearFactor,butwebreathedasighofreliefwhentheyfoundthattheyweretoosmalltogoonit!Theparkissowelldesignedthatevenqueuingforridesisn’ttooboring.It’sspotlesslyclean,andthestaffaregreat.OnonerideIcouldn’tsitwithbothgirls,soamemberofstaffofferedtogowithoneofthem.

D.TheGreatPark

JennyLangridgeandherfriendLindatookBen,6,James,9,andSophie,12.

Wearrivedatoneo’clockandweredisappointedthattheparkwasonlyopenuntil5p.m.Thisisasuperthemeparkforyoungerchildrenbecausetheridesaren’ttooterrifying.I’marealcowardbutevenIenjoyedmyself.WealladoredExoticTravels,aboatridewhichstartsoffquitetamelyandthenbecomesterrificfun.WequeuedforhalfanhourforLightningRiver,andthenitwasoverbeforeweknewit!Iwouldn’tgoontheBigLeap,butifyouhavethenerve,itlookedgreat.TherearelotsofenjoyableboatandtraintripsaroundtheparkandIfeltalltheattractionswereverysafeandwellcontrolled.Ifthechildrenhadbeenalittleolder,theymighthavefounditabittame,buttheywereallintherightagegroupandtheylovedit.

E.FantasyWorld

BillBreakallandhiswifeRuthtookSarah,10,Tom,13,Jennie,15,andBen,19.

Accordingtothepark’sadvertisingthereis“NoLimittotheFun”,andwecertainlyfeltthatwastrue.Europe’stallestroller-coaster,theRocket,dominatestheskyline,andBenthoughtitwasthemostterrifyingoftherides,althoughJenniesaidtheHanger,whereyouhangupside-down30metersabovetheground,wasevenworse!Thereareadozenorsomainrides,whichtheolderchildrenwentonseveraltimes.Sarahwastoosmallforacoupleofthem,butenjoyedtheLongSlide.Tomlovedthezooandwildlifepark.Theparkiscleanandhasgoodparkingfacilities.Wefoundthestaffattitudesweremixed.Someofthemweregreatwiththeyoungerchildren,butthewelcomewasn’talwaysaswarm.YouneedafulldaytoenjoyFantasyWorld.Wewouldn’thavedaredtellthekidsweweregoinghomeearly.

【答案】34.D

35.B

36.A

37.E

38.A

39.C

40.D

【解析】34.句意：孩子們都足夠年幼，可以享受其中。由D部分中Ifthechildrenhadbeenalittleolder,theymighthavefounditabittame,buttheywereallintherightagegroupandtheylovedit.（如果孩子們?cè)俅笠稽c(diǎn)，他們可能會(huì)覺(jué)得這有點(diǎn)乏味，但他們都在合適的年齡段，他們都很喜歡。）可知，TheGreatPark適合年幼的孩子，6歲的本、9歲的詹姆斯和12歲的索菲年齡都足夠小，玩得很開(kāi)心。因此本題選D。

35.句意：你能找到地方休息，這很好。由B部分中Wespentsixhoursthereandweregladthattherewereplaceswhereyoucouldputyourfeetup.（我們?cè)谀抢锎?個(gè)小時(shí)，很高興那里有可以歇腳的地方。）可知，Wonderland有可以休息的地方。因此本題選B。

36.句意：這比我們預(yù)想的要愉快得多。由A部分中LastyearwewenttoahugethemeparkintheUSandwethoughtthatFunIslandmightseemdullbycomparison.Infact,wewereimpressed.（去年我們?nèi)チ嗣绹?guó)的一個(gè)大型主題公園，我們以為相比之下，F(xiàn)unIsland可能會(huì)很乏味。但事實(shí)上，我們印象深刻。）可知，我們本以為FunIsland可能會(huì)很乏味，但實(shí)際上比我們預(yù)期的要玩得開(kāi)心。因此本題選A。

37.句意：孩子們對(duì)什么是最可怕的項(xiàng)目意見(jiàn)不一。由E部分中Europe’stallestroller-coaster,theRocket,dominatestheskyline,andBenthoughtitwasthemostterrifyingoftherides,althoughJenniesaidtheHanger,whereyouhangupside-down30metersabovetheground,wasevenworse!（歐洲最高的過(guò)山車“火箭”占據(jù)了天際線，本認(rèn)為這是最恐怖的項(xiàng)目，不過(guò)珍妮說(shuō)倒掛在離地面30米的“倒掛金鐘”更可怕?。┛芍?，孩子們對(duì)于FantasyWorld里最可怕的項(xiàng)目有不同的意見(jiàn)。因此本題選E。

38.句意：周圍的環(huán)境不是特別吸引人。由A部分中Ouronlycriticismwouldbethattheparkisslightlylackinginatmosphere,andthescenerylavessomethingtobedesired.（我們唯一的批評(píng)是該公園略微缺乏氛圍，風(fēng)景也有待改善。）可知，F(xiàn)unIsland的環(huán)境不是很好。因此本題選A。

39.句意：我們并不介意等待玩游樂(lè)項(xiàng)目。由C部分中Theparkissowelldesignedthatevenqueuingforridesisn’ttooboring.（這個(gè)公園設(shè)計(jì)得很好，甚至排隊(duì)也不會(huì)太無(wú)聊。）可知，我們不介意在AdventureWorld排隊(duì)等待玩游樂(lè)項(xiàng)目。因此本題選C。

40.句意：其中一個(gè)游樂(lè)項(xiàng)目似乎很快就結(jié)束了。由D部分中WequeuedforhalfanhourforLightningRiver,andthenitwasoverbeforeweknewit!（我們?yōu)殚W電河排隊(duì)半個(gè)小時(shí)，然后不知不覺(jué)就結(jié)束了?。┛芍琓heGreatPark中的閃電河項(xiàng)目似乎很快就結(jié)束了。因此本題選D。

11.翻譯題

Thereareatleasttwowaysoftalkingaboutcontemporarycosmopolitancultures.Thefirstistosuggestthatcosmopolitanculturesarethedepthlesscommercialpleasuresoftheincreasinglyplacelesscapitalistelite.Inthisview,cosmopolitancultureisalignedwithapostmodernculturethatinvolvesthevisualandsensualpleasuresofglobalcities.Hollywoodcinema,MadonnaCDsandAustralianwine.Thisbuildsuponaprejudiceofcertainaspectsofleftthinkingthatpresumesthatifonemovesoutsidetheboundariesofthenationitisto‘wallowinaprivilegedandirresponsibledetachment’.Suchanotionofcosmopolitanismwouldtieafast-movingplacelesscultureintotheriseofanewmiddleandupperclassofcappuccinodrinkers.Herecosmopolitanismcanbecontrastedwiththemorelocalandnationalculturaldefinitionsthatareavailabletopoorandworkingpeople.Suchaviewsetsupasimplecontrastbetweencosmopolitansandlocals.Cosmopolitanism,onsuchaview,becomestheeverydaycurrencyofglobalcapitalism,whosemostobviouseffectisthereinforcementofsymbolicboundariesbetweensocialclasses.However,thesecondversionofcosmopolitanismhasamoreovertlyethicalvisionthanonemotivatedbythereproductionofclassprejudice.

Suchanotionofcosmopolitanismwouldnotpresumethattheglobe-trottingjournalistsareanymorecosmopolitanintheirorientationsthansomeonewhohasneverleftthecityoftheirbirth.Thisisbecausetoconceiveofcosmopolitanismethicallydetachesitfrommyabilitytoaccessexoticformsofconsumption,whileconnectingitfrommyabilitytolivewithdifferent.Whilecosmopolitanismcanindeedbeconnectedtoformsofculturalopenness,itismorecloselyconnectedtowhatJonathanRutherfordhascalled“theartoflife”thantomanicmobilityorhedonism.TheversionofcosmopolitanismIwishtodefendhasmoretodowithethicsandselfhoodthanexplicitconcernswithideology.

However,itdoesretainasociologicalpointofreferencethroughthemanynewclaimsandagendasthatarebeingopenedbyquestionsconnectedtothemobilityofcultures,multiculturalism,genderandsexuality.Yetthereareanumberofskepticsinthisregard.Forexample,Friedmanhasarguedthatintellectualsandeliteswhowishtotalkofhybridityandcosmopolitanismarelargelywritingfromthe‘particular’viewpointof‘de-territorialized’identities.

ThehybridityandculturalsophisticationofelitegroupsisinsharpdistinctiontotheprocessesofBalkanizationandtrivializationexperiencedatthebottomofthesystem.FriedmanmakesthesepointsagainstculturaltheoristslikeBhabha,whoseworkseekstoemphasizehowallformsofculturalandsymbolicproductionlacktheprimordialunityorfixityclaimedbyculturalnationalists.

Friedman’sviewisthatthisinsightislikelytobeoflittlehelpwhenfacedwithnationalistformsofculturalclosureandviolence.However,BhabhadoespointtoaconnectionbetweenquestionsofidentityandethicsmissedbyFriedma