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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安陽工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theworldisfacingthe_______ofwatershortagescausedbypopulationgrowth,unevensuppliesofwater,pollution,andotherfactors.

問題1選項

A.prospect

B.insight

C.location

D.anticipation

【答案】D

【解析】prospect展望,前途;insight洞察力,見識;location位置,場所;anticipation預(yù)期,預(yù)感。句意:世界將面臨著所預(yù)期的因人口增長,供水不平衡,污染等因素造成的水資源短缺問題。選項D符合句意。

2.單選題

Einstein’stheoryofrelativityseemedhardtobelieveatthetime______.

問題1選項

A.thathefirstintroducedit

B.whenhefirstintroduced

C.hefirstintroduced

D.whichhefirstintroducedit

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.thathefirstintroducedit他第一次介紹它B.whenhefirstintroduced他第一次介紹

C.hefirstintroduced他第一次介紹D.whichhefirstintroducedit他第一次介紹它

【考查點】定語從句。

【解題思路】分析句子可知,atthetime(在那時)為句子的時間狀語從句,句意是“愛因斯坦的相對論在當(dāng)時似乎難以置信”,空格處為定語從句修飾atthetime,引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語,所以從句主謂賓必須完整,故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】

B、C項缺少賓語it;

D項which應(yīng)該改為atwhich。

【句意】當(dāng)愛因斯坦第一次提出相對論時,他的理論似乎難以置信。

3.單選題

Itisnecessaryforthevaluablespeciesto()itselfinordertostayinexistence.

問題1選項

A.infer

B.propagate

C.inject

D.jerk

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:為了能夠使珍稀物種生存,必須進行。infer推論;propagate繁殖;inject注射;jerk猛拉。因此,B項符合句意。

4.不定項選擇題

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain’sneural(神經(jīng)的)networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepatternrecognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinbrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

1.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday(

).

2.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfrom(

).

3.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto(

).

4.What’stheauthor’sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?

5.Whichofthefollowingisclosetinmeaningtotheunderlinedphrase“theonlygameintown”(Line3,Para.4)?

問題1選項

A.arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheshapeofanobject

B.areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehavior

C.arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50’s

D.stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage

問題2選項

A.theshiftofthefocusofstudytotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjects

B.thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms

C.theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-oldchild

D.theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells

問題3選項

A.findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputers

B.buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitches

C.findouthowintelligencedevelopinnature

D.separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought

問題4選項

A.Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout.

B.It’sabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.

C.It’smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort.

D.Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects.

問題5選項

A.Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.

B.Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.

C.Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.

D.Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:作者說當(dāng)今強大的計算機……A選項“能夠可靠地識別物體的形狀”;B選項“接近人類行為的表現(xiàn)”;C選項“他們的表現(xiàn)和50年代的沒有什么不同”;D選項“仍然不能用人類的語言與人交流”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第二三句話:Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.(盡管計算機很有用,但是它們離實現(xiàn)類似人類行為這一早期愿望還差得很遠,更別提像對話這樣復(fù)雜的事情了:最強大的計算機也很難可靠地識別物體的形狀,然而這對一個10個月大的孩子來說是最基本的任務(wù)。),從這句可以看出,選項A、B錯誤,答案選D;選項C文章沒有提及。

第2題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:人工智能研究的新趨勢源于……。A選項“研究的重點轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)ξ矬w形狀的識別”;B選項“相信人類的智慧不能被邏輯上的、按部遞進的程序所復(fù)制”;C選項“科學(xué)家們渴望復(fù)制一個10個月大的孩子的智力”;D選項“科學(xué)家們在研究晶體管和腦細(xì)胞之間相似性方面所做的努力”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二三句話Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.(科學(xué)家們表示,問題在于,人工智能一直在試圖分離語言和數(shù)學(xué)等最高、最抽象的思維層次,并用邏輯的、循序漸進的程序來復(fù)制它們。另一方面,人工智能領(lǐng)域的一項新運動更深入地探討了自然與智能之間的間接聯(lián)系),從這句可以看出科學(xué)家指出問題在于人們一直在用看似有邏輯的步驟來復(fù)制抽象的思維,但其實這樣是行不通的,所以答案選B;A、C選項只是對文章內(nèi)容的拼接,不是問題所在;D選項文章沒有提及。

第3題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:康拉德和他的人工智能研究小組一直在努力……。A選項“找到一個迂回的方法來設(shè)計功能強大的計算機”;B選項“用一個巧妙的交換機網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建一臺計算機”;C選項“了解智能實際上是如何發(fā)展的”;D選項“將思維的最高層次和最抽象的層次分開”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文第三段第一句“計算機科學(xué)家兼生物物理學(xué)家邁克爾?康拉德(MichaelConrad)說,模仿大腦的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Imitatingthebrain’sneuralnetwork)是朝著正確方向邁出的一大步,但它仍然忽略了自然智能(naturalintelligence)的一個重要方面?!?,通過這一句話可以看出,康拉德所做的內(nèi)容是人工智能和自然智能之間的關(guān)系,康拉德贊同人工智能取得進步的想法,但是他同時認(rèn)為不能忽略自然智能的某一方面。再結(jié)合第三段最后兩句“具體來說,康拉德認(rèn)為,大腦的許多能力都源于構(gòu)成每個腦細(xì)胞(eachbraincell)的單個分子的模式識別能力。他聲稱,制造人工智能設(shè)備的最佳方法是圍繞同樣的分子技能(thesamesortofmolecularskills)來制造?!笨芍道乱恢痹谂α私獯竽X本身是如何運作的,再用于人工智能中,因此C選項正確。ABD三項都不符合題干,排除。

第4題:作者意圖題。A選項“它在人工智能研究人員中引起了轟動,但很快就會消失”;B選項“這是在復(fù)制人類思維過程方面的一個突破”;C選項“這更像是一個奇特的游戲,而不是真正的科學(xué)努力”;D選項“它可能被證明是在正確的方向上,盡管沒有人能確定它的未來前景”。定位到文章第二段最后一句話Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield(這些早期努力的成果既有希望,也有獨特之處,新的基于自然的人工智能運動正在緩慢但肯定地走向該領(lǐng)域的前沿),從這里可知答案選D,其他選項不符合題意。

第5題:語義推測題。A選項:“這是制造人工智能計算機的唯一途徑”;B選項“這是他們贏得人工智能研究獎的唯一途徑”;C選項“計算機科學(xué)中唯一值得學(xué)習(xí)的領(lǐng)域”;D選項“他們在城里唯一想玩的游戲”。第四段最后一句:Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.(但如果這是真的,那么康拉德和他的人工智能伙伴們的努力可能會成為())然后定位到第三段最后一句:Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills(他(康拉德)聲稱,建造人工智能設(shè)備的最好方法是圍繞同樣的分子技術(shù)來建造),從這里可以看出來康拉德另辟蹊徑的目的是為了建造人工智能,如果康拉德及其團隊的道路是正確的話那么這會是通往城市唯一的游戲,由此可以推測通往城市的唯一游戲是指建造人工智能唯一的方法,所以A選項正確,其他選項不符合題意。

5.單選題

Hisoriginalityasacomposeris(

)bythefollowinggroupofsongs.

問題1選項

A.exemplified

B.created

C.performed

D.realize

【答案】A

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。exemplify“例證”;create“創(chuàng)造”;perform“執(zhí)行;表演”;realize“實現(xiàn);認(rèn)識到”。句意:作為作曲家,下面例舉的幾首曲子可以證明他的獨創(chuàng)性。選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

Asanimportant()forouremotionsandideas,musiccanplayahugeroleinourlife.

問題1選項

A.vessel

B.vest

C.venture

D.vehicle

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項vessel“船,器皿”,B項vest“背心,汗衫”,C項venture“冒險旅行”,D項vehicle“車輛,交通工具,運載工具”。后文提到“音樂在生活中發(fā)揮重要作用”,根據(jù)前文的ouremotionandideas(我們的情感和思想)可知空格處表示“載體”。句意:作為情感和思想的重要載體,音樂在我們的生活中扮演著重要的角色。因此,該題D項正確。

7.單選題

Theauthorofthereportiswell(

)withtheproblemsinthehospitalbecausehehasbeenworkingthereformanyyears.

問題1選項

A.acquainted

B.informed

C.enlightened

D.advised

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。acquaint“使熟悉;使認(rèn)識”,常與with連用;inform“通知,報告”,常用搭配beinformedof;enlighten“啟蒙、教導(dǎo)”;advise“建議,勸告”。句意:這篇報道的作者非常了解醫(yī)院的問題,因為他在這家醫(yī)院已經(jīng)工作很多年了。A項符合題意,答案A

8.單選題

ItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliam(

)hisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties.

問題1選項

A.willcontinue

B.continued

C.continue

D.continues

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管有著一些學(xué)習(xí)困難,但是威廉卻完全有必要繼續(xù)自己的學(xué)習(xí)。

語法題??疾樘摂M語氣。It’s+形容詞(essential,necessary,important等)+從句(謂語是shoulddo,其中should可以省略)。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“Itisabsolutelyessentialthat完全有必要”可知C項“continue”正確。

9.不定項選擇題

Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.

Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,or―independentlyofanycourse―simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.

Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocompriseincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.

Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.

1.Accordingtothepassage,scientificsubculturemeans____.

2.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause____.

3.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho____.

4.Accordingtothispassage,____.

5.Thispassagemostprobablyis____.

問題1選項

A.culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientists

B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited

C.thescientificcommunity

D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience

問題2選項

A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists

B.scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife

C.scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture

D.itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience

問題3選項

A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience

B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets

C.workinastorehouseofdriedfacts

D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience

問題4選項

A.Englishisasexistlanguage

B.onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidly

C.womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage

D.malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists

問題5選項

A.abookreview

B.theprefaceofabook

C.thepostscriptofabook

D.theconcludingpartofabook

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,scientificsubculturemeans____.根據(jù)文章,科學(xué)亞文化意味著______。

A.culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientistsA.由科學(xué)家組成的文化團體

B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimitedB.那些科學(xué)知識非常有限的人

C.thescientificcommunityC.科學(xué)社區(qū)

D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscienceD.對科學(xué)有貢獻的人

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞scientificsubculture可定位到Para.1第三句,該處講到“亞文化(subculture)是科學(xué)家生活的地方”??梢酝茢嗫茖W(xué)亞文化就是一個社區(qū)。故C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“由科學(xué)家組成的文化團體”,屬于無中生有;

B選項“那些科學(xué)知識非常有限的人”屬于無中生有;

D選項“對科學(xué)有貢獻的人”屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause____.我們需要了解科學(xué)的結(jié)構(gòu)和運作,因為____。

A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientistsA.要理解那些使科學(xué)家激動和沮喪的事情是不容易的

B.scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife.B.科學(xué)影響著我們生活的方方面面

C.scientistsliveinaspecificsubcultureC.科學(xué)家生活在一個特定的亞文化中

D.itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceD.這樣更容易理解科學(xué)的一般特征

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞scienceaffectsaspectofourlife可定位到Para.1第二句,該處講到“由于它幾乎涉及我們生活的方方面面,受過教育的人至少需要對它的結(jié)構(gòu)和運作有所了解。(Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife)”。這里的it指代上一句中的science,即科學(xué)涉及到方方面面。比對選項,B選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“要理解那些使科學(xué)家激動和沮喪的事情是不容易的”,文中提到如果一個人知道那些使科學(xué)家激動不已和灰心喪氣的東西,就比較容易理解科學(xué)的一般特征以及具體的科學(xué)概念。該選項偷換概念;

C選項“科學(xué)家生活在一個特定的亞文化中”,屬于無中生有;

D選項“這樣更容易理解科學(xué)的一般特征”,文中講到如果一個人知道那些使科學(xué)家激動不已和灰心喪氣的東西,才會比較容易理解科學(xué)的一般特征。這里屬于張冠李戴。

3.【選項釋義】

Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho____.這篇文章中提到的書是為那些____的讀者。

A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscienceA.聰明的大學(xué)生和不懂科學(xué)的外行

B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgetsB.擅長生產(chǎn)各種小玩意(的人)

C.workinastorehouseofdriedfactsC.在干巴巴的事實倉庫里工作(的人)

D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscienceD.想要對科學(xué)有一個膚淺的理解(的人)

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.2第一句,該處明確表示這本書是為那些對科學(xué)了解膚淺的聰明的學(xué)生或外行而寫的(fortheintelligentstudentorlayperson)。比對選項,A選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“擅長生產(chǎn)各種小玩意(的人)”,屬于無中生有;

C選項“在干巴巴的事實倉庫里工作(的人)”,屬于無中生有;

D選項“想要對科學(xué)有一個膚淺的理解(的人)”,文中說到的是學(xué)生和外行而寫,他們對科學(xué)的認(rèn)識膚淺。而不是想要對科學(xué)有膚淺認(rèn)識的人寫。這里屬于偷換概念。

4.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothispassage,____.根據(jù)文章,____。

A.EnglishisasexistlanguageA.英語是一種隱含性別歧視的語言

B.onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidlyB.只有在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域,女性的作用才迅速增加

C.womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguageC.婦女正在為消除我們語言的不足作出重大貢獻

D.malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientistsD.男性名詞或代詞不應(yīng)該用來指代科學(xué)家

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】Para.3中可知我們用男性的名詞代指未指明的人(usesmalenounsorpronouns),為了消除這種歧視,我們采取了措施。也就是說我們不應(yīng)該用男性名詞或代詞指未指明的人,其中也包含科學(xué)家。比對選項,D選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“英語是一種隱含性別歧視的語言”,文中只是說隨著越來越多的婦女進入傳統(tǒng)上由男子主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域并做出重大貢獻,這一人口已成為社會各階層中明顯趨勢的一部分。然而,在討論這些變化和貢獻時,我們面對的是一種隱含性別歧視的語言。A選項過度推斷;

B選項“只有在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域,女性的作用才迅速增加”,文中提到越來越多的女性進入科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。B選項屬于無中生有;

C選項“婦女正在為消除我們語言的不足作出重大貢獻”,文中提到越來越多的婦女進入傳統(tǒng)上由男子主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域并作出重大貢獻。并沒說在消除語言不足方面。C選項無中生有。

5.【選項釋義】

Thispassagemostprobablyis____.這一段很可能是____。

A.abookreviewA.一個書評

B.theprefaceofabookB.一本書的序言

C.thepostscriptofabookC.一本書的附言

D.theconcludingpartofabookD.書的結(jié)尾部分

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)Para.2“這本書是為……而寫”(Thisbookiswrittenfor)以及最后一段“我們還努力使這本書既有娛樂性又有知識性(triedtomakethebookentertaining)”可知這篇文章是一個序言。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“一個書評”,如果是書評的話會寫書的好處或者壞處;

C選項“一本書的附言”,如果是附言,則會進行補充說明;

D選項“書的結(jié)尾部分”,書的結(jié)尾應(yīng)該會對整本書進行一個結(jié)論說明。

A、C、D均不正確。

10.填空題

Directions:YouaregoingtoreadamagazinearticleaboutthemeparksinBritain.Forquestions34-40,choosefromthethemeparks(A-E).Thethemeparksmaybechosenmorethanonce.Thereisanexampleatthebeginning(0).Markyouranswersontheseparateanswersheet.

Ofwhichthemeparksarethefollowingstated?

Wehadnopreviousexperienceofplaceslikethis.(0)B

Thechildrenwereallyoungenoughtoenjoyit.(34)()

Itwasgoodthatyoucouldfindsomewheretorest.(35)()

Itwasmoreenjoyablethanwehadexpected.(36)()

Thechildrendisagreedaboutwhatwasthemostfrighteningride.(37)()

Thesurroundingsarenotparticularlyattractive.(38)()

Wedidn’tmindhavingtowaittogoontherides.(39)()

Oneoftheridesseemedtofinishveryquickly.(40)()

VariationsonaTheme

Ifyou’rethinkingoftakingchildrentoathemepark,therearedozenstochoosefrominBritain.Weaskedfivefamiliestotestthebest.

A.FunIsland

JanandSteveBurnstookdaughterSamantha,3,andhercousinsGary,8,andJemma,10.

LastyearwewenttoahugethemeparkintheUSandwethoughtthatFunIslandmightseemdullbycomparison.Infact,wewereimpressed.Theparktrieshardtocaterforyoungerchildren,soourthree-year-olddidn’tfeelleftout.ThekidsalllovedtheCrocodileRideandtheGiantWheel.There’saspecialdodgemsridefortheveryyoungkids,whichwasagreatsuccess.Forolderchildren,therearescarierrides,suchasSplashOut,whereyouendupjumpinginapool!Afterfivehours,SteveandIwerereadytocallitaday,butthechildrenobjectedbecausetheywerehavingsuchfun.Ouronlycriticismwouldbethattheparkisslightlylackinginatmosphere,andthescenerylavessomethingtobedesired.Butthestaffareextremelyhelpfulandwefeltitwasclean,well-organizedandverysecurity-conscious.

B.Wonderland

MariaMcMillanandherfriendFrancestookOscar,18months,Ellie,4,Alex,5,andAlexander,6.

Noneofushadbeentoathemeparkbefore,sowedidn’tknowwhattoexpect.WethoughtOscarmightbetooyoung,butheadoredit.HewasinheavenontheMountainTrain,andparticularlylikedLittleLand,withitssmallreplicasoffamousbuildingsthatwereathislevel!Theolderchildrenenjoyedtheferriswheel,andloveddrivingthetoycarsonaproperroadlayout.Wespentsixhoursthereandweregladthattherewereplaceswhereyoucouldputyourfeetup.Thelandscapingisperfectandthestaffveryhelpfulandfriendly.Andthere’ssomethingforeveryone,adultsincluded.

C.AdventureWorld

TimJeffreeandhiswifeClaretookTimothy,3,Olivia,7,andEmma,9.

Aftersevenhourswefelttherewasstillalottosee.Thisisanenormousthemepark,extremelywellrunandfullofgoodrides.ThechildrenlovetheBigTopCircus,whichhadafantasticTrapezeactandkeptusontheedgeofourseats.WewentontheTerrorLineand,althoughthegirlswereratherscaredandkepttheireyesshutmostofthetime,theysaidthey’denjoyedit.TheirfavoriteridewasRunningRiverwhereyouthinkyouaregoingtogetsoaked,butyoudon’t.Foryoungerchildren,ToyLandisgreatfun.Thechildrenhadalookatthenewride,FearFactor,butwebreathedasighofreliefwhentheyfoundthattheyweretoosmalltogoonit!Theparkissowelldesignedthatevenqueuingforridesisn’ttooboring.It’sspotlesslyclean,andthestaffaregreat.OnonerideIcouldn’tsitwithbothgirls,soamemberofstaffofferedtogowithoneofthem.

D.TheGreatPark

JennyLangridgeandherfriendLindatookBen,6,James,9,andSophie,12.

Wearrivedatoneo’clockandweredisappointedthattheparkwasonlyopenuntil5p.m.Thisisasuperthemeparkforyoungerchildrenbecausetheridesaren’ttooterrifying.I’marealcowardbutevenIenjoyedmyself.WealladoredExoticTravels,aboatridewhichstartsoffquitetamelyandthenbecomesterrificfun.WequeuedforhalfanhourforLightningRiver,andthenitwasoverbeforeweknewit!Iwouldn’tgoontheBigLeap,butifyouhavethenerve,itlookedgreat.TherearelotsofenjoyableboatandtraintripsaroundtheparkandIfeltalltheattractionswereverysafeandwellcontrolled.Ifthechildrenhadbeenalittleolder,theymighthavefounditabittame,buttheywereallintherightagegroupandtheylovedit.

E.FantasyWorld

BillBreakallandhiswifeRuthtookSarah,10,Tom,13,Jennie,15,andBen,19.

Accordingtothepark’sadvertisingthereis“NoLimittotheFun”,andwecertainlyfeltthatwastrue.Europe’stallestroller-coaster,theRocket,dominatestheskyline,andBenthoughtitwasthemostterrifyingoftherides,althoughJenniesaidtheHanger,whereyouhangupside-down30metersabovetheground,wasevenworse!Thereareadozenorsomainrides,whichtheolderchildrenwentonseveraltimes.Sarahwastoosmallforacoupleofthem,butenjoyedtheLongSlide.Tomlovedthezooandwildlifepark.Theparkiscleanandhasgoodparkingfacilities.Wefoundthestaffattitudesweremixed.Someofthemweregreatwiththeyoungerchildren,butthewelcomewasn’talwaysaswarm.YouneedafulldaytoenjoyFantasyWorld.Wewouldn’thavedaredtellthekidsweweregoinghomeearly.

【答案】34.D

35.B

36.A

37.E

38.A

39.C

40.D

【解析】34.句意:孩子們都足夠年幼,可以享受其中。由D部分中Ifthechildrenhadbeenalittleolder,theymighthavefounditabittame,buttheywereallintherightagegroupandtheylovedit.(如果孩子們再大一點,他們可能會覺得這有點乏味,但他們都在合適的年齡段,他們都很喜歡。)可知,TheGreatPark適合年幼的孩子,6歲的本、9歲的詹姆斯和12歲的索菲年齡都足夠小,玩得很開心。因此本題選D。

35.句意:你能找到地方休息,這很好。由B部分中Wespentsixhoursthereandweregladthattherewereplaceswhereyoucouldputyourfeetup.(我們在那里待了6個小時,很高興那里有可以歇腳的地方。)可知,Wonderland有可以休息的地方。因此本題選B。

36.句意:這比我們預(yù)想的要愉快得多。由A部分中LastyearwewenttoahugethemeparkintheUSandwethoughtthatFunIslandmightseemdullbycomparison.Infact,wewereimpressed.(去年我們?nèi)チ嗣绹囊粋€大型主題公園,我們以為相比之下,F(xiàn)unIsland可能會很乏味。但事實上,我們印象深刻。)可知,我們本以為FunIsland可能會很乏味,但實際上比我們預(yù)期的要玩得開心。因此本題選A。

37.句意:孩子們對什么是最可怕的項目意見不一。由E部分中Europe’stallestroller-coaster,theRocket,dominatestheskyline,andBenthoughtitwasthemostterrifyingoftherides,althoughJenniesaidtheHanger,whereyouhangupside-down30metersabovetheground,wasevenworse!(歐洲最高的過山車“火箭”占據(jù)了天際線,本認(rèn)為這是最恐怖的項目,不過珍妮說倒掛在離地面30米的“倒掛金鐘”更可怕?。┛芍?,孩子們對于FantasyWorld里最可怕的項目有不同的意見。因此本題選E。

38.句意:周圍的環(huán)境不是特別吸引人。由A部分中Ouronlycriticismwouldbethattheparkisslightlylackinginatmosphere,andthescenerylavessomethingtobedesired.(我們唯一的批評是該公園略微缺乏氛圍,風(fēng)景也有待改善。)可知,F(xiàn)unIsland的環(huán)境不是很好。因此本題選A。

39.句意:我們并不介意等待玩游樂項目。由C部分中Theparkissowelldesignedthatevenqueuingforridesisn’ttooboring.(這個公園設(shè)計得很好,甚至排隊也不會太無聊。)可知,我們不介意在AdventureWorld排隊等待玩游樂項目。因此本題選C。

40.句意:其中一個游樂項目似乎很快就結(jié)束了。由D部分中WequeuedforhalfanhourforLightningRiver,andthenitwasoverbeforeweknewit!(我們?yōu)殚W電河排隊半個小時,然后不知不覺就結(jié)束了!)可知,TheGreatPark中的閃電河項目似乎很快就結(jié)束了。因此本題選D。

11.翻譯題

Thereareatleasttwowaysoftalkingaboutcontemporarycosmopolitancultures.Thefirstistosuggestthatcosmopolitanculturesarethedepthlesscommercialpleasuresoftheincreasinglyplacelesscapitalistelite.Inthisview,cosmopolitancultureisalignedwithapostmodernculturethatinvolvesthevisualandsensualpleasuresofglobalcities.Hollywoodcinema,MadonnaCDsandAustralianwine.Thisbuildsuponaprejudiceofcertainaspectsofleftthinkingthatpresumesthatifonemovesoutsidetheboundariesofthenationitisto‘wallowinaprivilegedandirresponsibledetachment’.Suchanotionofcosmopolitanismwouldtieafast-movingplacelesscultureintotheriseofanewmiddleandupperclassofcappuccinodrinkers.Herecosmopolitanismcanbecontrastedwiththemorelocalandnationalculturaldefinitionsthatareavailabletopoorandworkingpeople.Suchaviewsetsupasimplecontrastbetweencosmopolitansandlocals.Cosmopolitanism,onsuchaview,becomestheeverydaycurrencyofglobalcapitalism,whosemostobviouseffectisthereinforcementofsymbolicboundariesbetweensocialclasses.However,thesecondversionofcosmopolitanismhasamoreovertlyethicalvisionthanonemotivatedbythereproductionofclassprejudice.

Suchanotionofcosmopolitanismwouldnotpresumethattheglobe-trottingjournalistsareanymorecosmopolitanintheirorientationsthansomeonewhohasneverleftthecityoftheirbirth.Thisisbecausetoconceiveofcosmopolitanismethicallydetachesitfrommyabilitytoaccessexoticformsofconsumption,whileconnectingitfrommyabilitytolivewithdifferent.Whilecosmopolitanismcanindeedbeconnectedtoformsofculturalopenness,itismorecloselyconnectedtowhatJonathanRutherfordhascalled“theartoflife”thantomanicmobilityorhedonism.TheversionofcosmopolitanismIwishtodefendhasmoretodowithethicsandselfhoodthanexplicitconcernswithideology.

However,itdoesretainasociologicalpointofreferencethroughthemanynewclaimsandagendasthatarebeingopenedbyquestionsconnectedtothemobilityofcultures,multiculturalism,genderandsexuality.Yetthereareanumberofskepticsinthisregard.Forexample,Friedmanhasarguedthatintellectualsandeliteswhowishtotalkofhybridityandcosmopolitanismarelargelywritingfromthe‘particular’viewpointof‘de-territorialized’identities.

ThehybridityandculturalsophisticationofelitegroupsisinsharpdistinctiontotheprocessesofBalkanizationandtrivializationexperiencedatthebottomofthesystem.FriedmanmakesthesepointsagainstculturaltheoristslikeBhabha,whoseworkseekstoemphasizehowallformsofculturalandsymbolicproductionlacktheprimordialunityorfixityclaimedbyculturalnationalists.

Friedman’sviewisthatthisinsightislikelytobeoflittlehelpwhenfacedwithnationalistformsofculturalclosureandviolence.However,BhabhadoespointtoaconnectionbetweenquestionsofidentityandethicsmissedbyFriedma

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