考研考博-英語-天津中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:saltisbadforyouregardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard."Thereisadirectrelationship,"UScongressmanNealSmithnoted,"betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath."

Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar.“Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,”Dr.Dustaninsists.“Formostofusitprobablydoesn'tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat.”Dustan'smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureexperiencednochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.

“Anadequatetosomewhatexcessivesaltintakehasprobablysavedmanymorelivesthanithascostinthegeneralpopulation,”notesDr.JohnH.Laragh.“Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense.”

Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable“moderation”insaltconsumption.Fortheaverageperson,amoderateamountmightrunfromfourtotengramsaday,orroughly1/2to1/3ofateaspoon.Theequivalentofonetotwogramsofthissatallowancewouldcomefromthenaturalsodiuminfood.Therestwouldbeaddedinprocessing,preparationoratthetable.

Thosewithkidney,liverorheartproblemsmayhavetolimitdietarysalt,iftheirdoctoradvises.Buteventheveryvocal“l(fā)owsalt”exponent,Dr.ArthurHullHayes,Jradmitsthat“wedonotknowwhetherincreasedsodiumconsumptioncauseshypertension.”Infact,thereisgrowingscientificevidencethatotherfactorsmaybeinvolved:deficienciesincalcium,potassium,perhapsmagnesium;obesity(muchmoredangerousthansodium);geneticpredisposition;stress.

“Itisnotyourenemy,”saysDr.Laragh.“SaltistheNo.1naturalcomponentofallhumantissue,andtheideathatyoudon'tneeditiswrong.Unlessyourdoctorhasproventhatyouhaveasalt-relatedhealthproblem,thereisnoreasontogiveitup.”

1.Accordingtosomedoctorsandpoliticians,theamountofsaltconsumed（）.

2.FromDr.Dustan’sstudywecaninferthat（）.

3.Inthethirdparagraph,Dr.Laraghimpliesthat（）.

4.Thephrase“vocal...exponent”(Line2,Para.4)mostprobablyrefersto（）.

5.Whatisthemainmessageofthistext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhibitsasanaggravatingfactortopeopleinpoorhealth

B.curesdiseasessuchasstrokeandcirculatorydisorders

C.correlateshighlywithsomediseases

D.isirrelevanttopeoplesufferingfromheartdisease

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.alow-saltdietmaybeprescribedforsomepeople

B.theamountofsaltintakehasnothingtodowithone’sbloodpressure

C.thereductionofsaltintakecancureahypertensivepatient

D.anextremelylow-saltdietmakesnodifferencetoanyone

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldnotbeafraidoftakingexcessivesalt

B.doctorsshouldnotadvisepeopletoavoidsalt

C.anadequatetoexcessivesaltintakeisrecommendedforpeopleindisease

D.excessivesaltintakehasclaimedsomevictimsinthegeneralpopulation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.eloquentdoctor

B.articulateopponent

C.loudspeaker

D.strongadvocate

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thesaltscareisnotjustified.

B.Thecauseofhypertensionisnowunderstood.

C.Themoderateuseofsaltisrecommended.

D.Saltconsumptionistobepromoted.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thereisadirectrelationship,”UScongressmanNealSmithnoted,“betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath.”可知：一些醫(yī)生和政客認(rèn)為鈉的攝入量和身體健康有直接關(guān)系，并會(huì)引發(fā)多種疾病，甚至早逝。說明他們認(rèn)為食鹽的攝入量與某些疾病的發(fā)生息息相關(guān)，因此，C項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段Dustan'smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureexperiencednochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensalt,wasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.可知：在Dustan研究中，當(dāng)攝取極低的少鹽飲食或者恢復(fù)食用食鹽時(shí)，血壓正常的人不會(huì)有什么改變。然而，在高血壓人群中，少鹽飲食中一半的人確實(shí)出現(xiàn)血壓下降，而再次恢復(fù)食鹽的攝入時(shí)，血壓會(huì)返回到之前的水平。因此，A項(xiàng)“低鹽飲食可能適合某些人”表述正確。B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。文章并沒有談及“減少食鹽攝入量可能治愈高血壓”，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense?”可知：醫(yī)生不應(yīng)該建議人們不吃鹽，因此，B選項(xiàng)符合題意，為正確答案。

4.詞匯題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段buteventheveryvocal“l(fā)owsalt”exponent,Dr.ArthurHullHayes,Dr.admitsthat...可知：就連“低鹽論”最主要的支持者，Arthur博士都承認(rèn)鹽的攝入量是否與髙血壓有關(guān)。所以最恰當(dāng)?shù)睦斫鈶?yīng)該是強(qiáng)烈支持者。因此，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要討論了食鹽攝入量與人體健康的關(guān)系。通過人們對(duì)于鹽的恐慌引出相關(guān)話題，最后表明“除非醫(yī)生告知你有與攝取鹽分相關(guān)的健康問題，否則，沒有理由不攝取食鹽”。由此可知，食鹽恐慌是不合理的，A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.單選題

Althoughrecentyearshaveseensubstantialreductionsinnoxiouspollutantsfromindividualmotorvehicles,thenumberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasingconsequently,morethan100citiesintheUnitedStatesstillhavelevelsofcarbonmonoxide,particulatematter,andozone(generatedbyphotochemicalreactionswithhydrocarbonsfromvehicleexhaust)thatexceedlegallyestablishedlimits.Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleanerburningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgas,liquefiedpetroleumgasisethanol,ormethanol.

Allofthesealternativesarecarbon-basedfuelswhosemoleculesaresmallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline.Thesemoleculesbummorecleanlythangasoline,inpartbecausetheyhavefewer,ifany,carbon-carbonbonds,andthehydrocarbonstheydoemitarelesslikelytogenerateozone.Thecombustionoflargermolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds,involvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions.Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionandaremorelikelytoreleaseuncombustedandphotochemicallyactivehydrocarboncompoundsintotheatmosphere.Ontheotherhand,alternativefuelsdohavedrawbacks.Compressednaturalgaswouldrequirethatvehicleshaveasetofheavyfueltanks—aseriousliabilityintermsofperformanceandfuelefficiency—andliquefiedpetroleumgasfacesfundamentallimitsonsupply.

Ethanolandmethanol,ontheotherhand,haveimportantadvantagesoverothercarbon-basedalternativefuels:theyhaveahigherenergycontentpervolumeandwouldrequireminimalchangesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotorfuel.Ethanoliscommonlyusedasagasolinesupplement,butitiscurrentlyabouttwiceasexpensiveasmethanol,thelowcostofwhichisoneofitsattractivefeatures.Methanol’smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatfromozone,themostseriousurbanpollutant.

Likeanyalternativefuel,methanolhasitscritics.Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof“gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol.Itistrue,forexample,thatagivenvolumeofmethanolprovidesonlyaboutone-halfoftheenergythatgasolineanddieselfueldo;otherthingsbeingequal,thefueltankwouldhavetobesomewhatlargerandheavier.However,sincemethanol-fueledvehiclescouldbedesignedtobemuchmoreefficientthan“gasolineclone”vehiclesfueledwithmethanol,theywouldneedcomparativelyless-fuel.Vehicles—incorporatingonlythesimplestoftheengineimprovementsthatmethanolmakesfeasiblewouldstillcontributetoanimmediatelesseningofurbanairpollution.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,incompletecombustionismorelikelytooccurwithgasolinethanwithanalternativefuelbecause________.

3.Theauthordescribeswhichofthefollowingasthemostappealingfeatureofmethanol?

4.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagemostlikelyregardsthecriticismofmethanolinthelastparagraphas________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reconcilingcontradictorypointsofviewaboutthenatureofaproblem

B.identifyingthestrengthsofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem

C.discussingaproblemandarguinginfavorofonesolutiontoit

D.outliningaplanofactiontosolveaproblemanddiscussingtheobstaclesblockingthatplan

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.combustionofgasolineinvolvesanintricateseriesofreactions

B.thecombustionofgasolinereleasesphotochemicallyactivehydrocarbons

C.gasolinemoleculeshaveasimplemolecularstructure

D.gasolineiscomposedofsmallmolecules

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itissubstantiallylessexpensivethanethanol.

B.ithasahigherenergycontentthanotheralternativefuels.

C.Itsusewouldmakedesignimprovementsinindividualvehiclesfeasible.

D.Itsusewouldsubstantiallyreduceozonelevels.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.flawedbecauseoftheassumptionsonwhichitisbased

B.inapplicablebecauseofaninconsistencyinthecritics’arguments

C.misguidedbecauseofitsexclusivelytechnologicalfocus

D.inaccuratebecauseitignoresconsumers’concerns

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith________.本文作者主要關(guān)注的是________。

A.reconcilingcontradictorypointsofviewaboutthenatureofaproblemA.調(diào)和關(guān)于問題本質(zhì)的矛盾觀點(diǎn)

B.identifyingthestrengthsofpossiblesolutionstoaproblemB.確定問題解決方案的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

C.discussingaproblemandarguinginfavorofonesolutiontoitC.討論某個(gè)問題并提出解決方案

D.outliningaplanofactiontosolveaproblemanddiscussingtheobstaclesblockingthatplanD.列出解決問題的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，并討論阻礙該計(jì)劃的障礙

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段提出人們?nèi)找嬲J(rèn)識(shí)到減輕汽車對(duì)環(huán)境的污染（reductionsinvehicleemissions），唯一有效的方法是把傳統(tǒng)燃料換成清潔燃料（replaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleanerburningfuels）；第二段總體對(duì)比了傳統(tǒng)燃料和清潔燃料的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)；第三段講了甲醇和乙醇的優(yōu)勢(shì)（Ethanolandmethanol...haveimportantadvantages）；第四段通過反駁甲醛批評(píng)者，來說明甲醛的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。綜上所述，作者提出了使用清潔能源來解決車輛對(duì)環(huán)境的污染問題，并且通過各個(gè)角度闡述其優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“調(diào)和關(guān)于問題本質(zhì)的矛盾觀點(diǎn)”：文中沒有提到問題本質(zhì)的矛盾觀點(diǎn)，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“討論某個(gè)問題并提出解決方案”：這是第一段的內(nèi)容，后文是在講述解決方案的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“列出解決問題的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，并討論阻礙該計(jì)劃的障礙”：文中沒有列出一步一步的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，以及該計(jì)劃的阻礙，屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,incompletecombustionismorelikelytooccurwithgasolinethanwithanalternativefuelbecause________.根據(jù)文章，與替代燃料相比，汽油更容易不完全燃燒，原因是________。

A.combustionofgasolineinvolvesanintricateseriesofreactionsA.油的燃燒涉及一系列復(fù)雜的反應(yīng)

B.thecombustionofgasolinereleasesphotochemicallyactivehydrocarbonsB.油燃燒釋放出光化學(xué)活性碳?xì)浠衔?/p>

C.gasolinemoleculeshaveasimplemolecularstructureC.油分子的分子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單

D.gasolineiscomposedofsmallmoleculesD.油由小分子組成

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞incompletecombustion定位到第二段第三、四句，該處講到“有多個(gè)碳碳雙鍵的大分子燃燒涉及更復(fù)雜的一系列反應(yīng)（complexseriesofreactions）。這些反應(yīng)增加了不完全燃燒的可能性（Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustion）。”，可知汽油不容易完全燃燒的原因是涉及一系列復(fù)雜的反應(yīng)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“油燃燒釋放出光化學(xué)活性碳?xì)浠衔铩保簩?duì)應(yīng)第二段第四句“這些反應(yīng)增加了不完全燃燒的可能性，并且更有可能（andaremorelikely）將未燃燒的和光化學(xué)活性碳?xì)浠衔镝尫诺酱髿庵?。”，本選項(xiàng)說的是汽油不完全燃燒導(dǎo)致的后果，而不是原因，屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“油分子的分子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第一句“所有這些替代品都是碳基燃料（carbon-basedfuels），它們的分子比汽油的更小、更簡(jiǎn)單（simplerthanthoseofgasoline）。”，可知分子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單的是汽油替代燃料，而不是汽油，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“油由小分子組成”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第一句“所有這些替代品都是碳基燃料（carbon-basedfuels），它們的分子比汽油的更小、更簡(jiǎn)單（smallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline）。”，可知分子小的是汽油替代燃料，而不是汽油，屬于張冠李戴。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthordescribeswhichofthefollowingasthemostappealingfeatureofmethanol?作者描述以下哪項(xiàng)是甲醇最吸引人的特性？

A.Itissubstantiallylessexpensivethanethanol.A.比乙醇便宜得多。

B.ithasahigherenergycontentthanotheralternativefuels.B.比其他替代燃料能量含量更高。

C.Itsusewouldmakedesignimprovementsinindividualvehiclesfeasible.C.其使用將使改進(jìn)個(gè)別車輛設(shè)計(jì)成為可能。

D.Itsusewouldsubstantiallyreduceozonelevels.D.其使用將大大降低臭氧水平。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞mostappealingfeature定位到第三段最后一句，該處講到“甲醇最吸引人的特點(diǎn)（Methanol’smostattractivefeature）是，它可以減少約90%的車輛臭氧排放（reducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatfromozone）?！?，可知甲醇最吸引人的是可以降低臭氧排放，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“比乙醇便宜得多”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第二句“甲醇的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠（lowcost）是其吸引人的特點(diǎn)之一（oneofitsattractivefeatures）”，可知便宜是吸引人的特點(diǎn)之一，而不是最吸引人的特點(diǎn)，屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“比其他替代燃料能量含量更高”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第一句“乙醇和甲醇相對(duì)于其他碳基替代燃料有重要的優(yōu)勢(shì)（importantadvantages），它們的單位體積能量含量更高（higherenergycontentpervolume）?！?，能量含量高是甲醇的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但不是最突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“其使用將使改進(jìn)個(gè)別車輛設(shè)計(jì)成為可能”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第一句“乙醇和甲醇相對(duì)于其他碳基替代燃料有重要的優(yōu)勢(shì)（importantadvantages），它們對(duì)現(xiàn)有的汽車燃料分配網(wǎng)絡(luò)改變很小（minimalchanges）。”，文中指的是使用甲醇對(duì)現(xiàn)有車輛設(shè)計(jì)的影響很小，不是針對(duì)個(gè)別車輛，也不是需要更多改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)，屬于偷換概念。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagemostlikelyregardsthecriticismofmethanolinthelastparagraphas________.可以推斷，文章的作者最有可能認(rèn)為最后一段對(duì)甲醇的批評(píng)________。

A.flawedbecauseoftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedA.有缺陷，因其假設(shè)前提

B.inapplicablebecauseofaninconsistencyinthecritics’argumentsB.不可采納，因?yàn)榕u(píng)者論點(diǎn)不一

C.misguidedbecauseofitsexclusivelytechnologicalfocusC.有誤導(dǎo)性，因?yàn)橹魂P(guān)注技術(shù)

D.inaccuratebecauseitignoresconsumers’concernsD.不準(zhǔn)確，因?yàn)闆]有考慮到消費(fèi)者的擔(dān)憂

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞定位到最后一段，第二句講到“然而，許多對(duì)甲醇的批評(píng)是基于‘汽油克隆’汽車，這種汽車即便是在最簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)計(jì)上的改進(jìn)，也無法與甲醇的使用相結(jié)合。”，可知作者認(rèn)為批評(píng)者觀點(diǎn)的立足點(diǎn)站不住腳，立足點(diǎn)也就是“汽油克隆”汽車的這個(gè)假設(shè)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“不可采納，因?yàn)榕u(píng)者論點(diǎn)不一”：文中只提到一種觀點(diǎn)，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“有誤導(dǎo)性，因?yàn)橹魂P(guān)注技術(shù)”：作者沒有認(rèn)為批評(píng)者只關(guān)注技術(shù)，并且觀點(diǎn)有誤導(dǎo)性，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“不準(zhǔn)確，因?yàn)闆]有考慮到消費(fèi)者的擔(dān)憂”：這里沒有提到消費(fèi)者，屬于無中生有。

3.單選題

Thepresident's（）remarksinhisspeechmetwithalotofattacksfromothercountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.offensive

B.impressive

C.permissive

D.expressive

【答案】A

【解析】句意:總統(tǒng)在演講中的攻擊性言論遭到了許多來自其他國(guó)家的攻擊。

考查形容詞辨析。offensive攻擊的，冒犯的，令人不適的；impressive令人贊嘆的，令人欽佩的；permissive許可的，自由的，放任的；expressive表現(xiàn)的，有表現(xiàn)力的。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“遭到了許多來自其他國(guó)家的攻擊”可知A符合句意。

4.單選題

Practitionersoflawandmedicineareesteemedinmanycountrieswhichseemstoindicatethat（

）dependsonprofessionortitle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prestige

B.superiority

C.privilege

D.merit

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。prestige“聲望；聲譽(yù)”；superiority“優(yōu)越；優(yōu)越性”；privilege“特權(quán)；優(yōu)待”；merit“優(yōu)點(diǎn)；價(jià)值”。句意：法律和醫(yī)生從業(yè)者在許多國(guó)家都受到尊敬，這似乎說明聲望取決于職業(yè)和頭銜。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)-richandtheinfo-poor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess…afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructureincludingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon…werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.

TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.

1.Digitaldivideissomething（）.

2.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit（）.

3.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof（）.

4.Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsforeigninvestmentseemstobe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet

B.therichcountriesareresponsiblefor

C.theworldmustguardagainst

D.consideredpositivetoday

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.offerseconomicpotentials

B.canbringforeignfunds

C.cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty

D.connectspeopleallovertheworld

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.providingfinancialsupportoverseas

B.preventingforeigncapital’scontrol

C.buildingindustrialinfrastructure

D.acceptingforeigninvestment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.howwelldevelopeditiselectronically

B.whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants

C.whetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialpattern

D.howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.pessimistic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：數(shù)字鴻溝是_______。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞“digitaldivide”定位到第一段。第一句是對(duì)“數(shù)字鴻溝”所下的一個(gè)定義。其后作者提到MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago（他和妻子20年前就談到這種隱伏的危險(xiǎn)），這里的loomingdanger指的就是“thedigitaldivide”，即在世界范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生信息富裕和信息貧乏的兩類國(guó)家。當(dāng)時(shí)，作者就認(rèn)為前途是樂觀的，因?yàn)樵缭?0年前就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一些防止產(chǎn)生這種分化的積極因素，只是當(dāng)時(shí)這些因素還不太明顯。同時(shí)定位到第二段，作者提到了“因特網(wǎng)的普及使這種鴻溝正得到縮小”，可見，A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)橐蛱鼐W(wǎng)而變得糟糕”與原文意思相反，是錯(cuò)誤的。B選項(xiàng)“富裕國(guó)家應(yīng)該承擔(dān)責(zé)任”，此內(nèi)容文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有，所以B選項(xiàng)不正確。D選項(xiàng)“今天被認(rèn)為是積極的”，根據(jù)第二段最后一句AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.（網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及能幫助世界戰(zhàn)勝貧困。），在作者看來，這種鴻溝是不好的現(xiàn)象。D選項(xiàng)的說法顯然是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)樽髡呔褪且@個(gè)鴻溝。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)“全世界都要警惕”，是正確的。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：政府重視因特網(wǎng)是因?yàn)樗黖______。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞“government”“internet”定位到第二段，文中提到AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.（政府之所以大力推廣因特網(wǎng)是出于因特網(wǎng)可能成為消除貧困的最好的工具的考慮）。第三段更是提到“Butithasenormouspotential”（因特網(wǎng)可能具有巨大的潛力）。因此可以判斷A選項(xiàng)“提供很多經(jīng)濟(jì)可能”是正確的。B選項(xiàng)“可以帶來海外投資”。在第四段ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.（在建設(shè)“第三次浪潮”的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上利用外資越多，你將變得越富裕。）。作者建議貧窮國(guó)家在利用外資方面放棄一些過時(shí)的偏見—如殖民、侵犯主權(quán)等概念，積極利用外資建立自己的電子基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，以便充分利用國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供的機(jī)遇，走向富裕。這里的邏輯并不是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來外資，而是利用外資發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程，所以B選項(xiàng)不正確。C選項(xiàng)“能很快消滅世界貧困”。雖然作者提到了國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的利用可能是戰(zhàn)勝貧困的工具，但這僅僅是一種潛在的力量，把這種力量轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)則取決于不同國(guó)家的努力，并沒有說能夠很快消除貧困，C選項(xiàng)不正確。D選項(xiàng)“將世界人民連到一起”。正像上面所分析的，政府關(guān)注國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是因?yàn)樗鼮榻?jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展帶來的巨大潛力，而不僅僅是它將世界連成一片這個(gè)事實(shí)，D選項(xiàng)過于片面。綜上所述，A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.作者意圖題。題干：作者提到美國(guó)的案例是為了證明_________政策是對(duì)的。在第四段，美國(guó)和巴西的例子都被作者用以說明拋棄過去的在那種在利用外資上的過時(shí)的反殖民偏見，提出充分利用外資建立電子基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的重要性，并且指出，哪個(gè)國(guó)家在建設(shè)“第三次浪潮”的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上利用外資多，哪個(gè)國(guó)家就將變得更富裕。因此可以判斷正確選項(xiàng)是D“接受外國(guó)投資”。A選項(xiàng)“為海外提供資金支持”，把吸收外資的重要性和美國(guó)提供海外資金混淆起來。B選項(xiàng)“防止外資的控制”，第四段最后兩句指出，利用外資并不意味著繳械或受愚弄，也不意味著放任外國(guó)公司肆意妄為，此說法無法從美國(guó)這個(gè)案例中推斷出來。C選項(xiàng)“建立工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”。由以上的分析可以看出，本文提到的不是建立“工業(yè)”基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的問題。C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在“工業(yè)”這個(gè)概念上。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干：現(xiàn)在，一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)看起來極大地依賴于_________。文章最后一段提到哪個(gè)國(guó)家在建設(shè)“第三次浪潮”的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上利用外資多，哪個(gè)國(guó)家就將變得更富裕。這里的“第三次浪潮”指的就是“電子基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)”。因此選項(xiàng)A“它的電子發(fā)展程度”是正確的。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，B選項(xiàng)“它是否歧視移民”和D選項(xiàng)“它對(duì)外國(guó)公司的控制有多大”，在文中都沒有提到，屬于無中生有，排除。C選項(xiàng)“它是否采用美國(guó)的工業(yè)模式”，再次出現(xiàn)“工業(yè)模式”，因此不正確。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干：作者對(duì)于外國(guó)投資的態(tài)度是______。文中作者提到，哪個(gè)國(guó)家在建設(shè)“第三次浪潮”的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上利用外資多，哪個(gè)國(guó)家就將變得更富裕。說明作者對(duì)外國(guó)投資屬于積極的態(tài)度，選項(xiàng)A“肯定的，積極的”是正確選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“消極的，否定的”，C選項(xiàng)“冷漠的”，和D選項(xiàng)“悲觀的”，均不符合題意。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Ifyoucan’tgiveupsmokingcompletely,atleasttryto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takedown

B.turndown

C.cutdown

D.setdown

【答案】C

【解析】takedown放下,記下；turndown關(guān)小,調(diào)低；cutdown削減,減少；settledown定居,專心于。句意:如果你不能完全戒煙,至少應(yīng)該試著減少吸煙。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Theremarkable（

）oflifeontheGalapagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwinto

establishhistheoryofevolution.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.classification

B.variety

C.density

D.diversion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。classification“分類，類別”；variety“多樣化”；density“密度”；diversion“轉(zhuǎn)移，消遣”。句意：加拉帕戈斯群島上生物顯著的多樣性激發(fā)了達(dá)爾文去建立自己的進(jìn)化論。由后半句“激發(fā)了達(dá)爾文去建立自己的進(jìn)化論”可推知該島上的生物是多樣的。答案B

8.單選題

TheAmericanmilitarytribunalssetuptopassjudgmentonterrorismsuspectsatGuantanamoBaylurchedintolifethisweekwhenDavidHicks,the“AustralianTaliban”,unexpectedlypleadedguilty.ThePentagonwillberelievedthatthetribunalshavestartedtoshowresultsafterfiveyearsofcontroversyoverthestatusof“enemycombatants”,claimsoftorture,theadmissibilityofforcedconfessionsandaSupremeCourtrulinglastyearthathaltedanearlierversionofthetribunals.YettheHickscaseishardlyanimpressivestartforAmerica’soffshorejustice.Criticssaythe31-year-oldMr.Hicks,aformerkangarooskinnerandallegedal-Qaedafighter,facesa“kangaroocourt”.TwoofhiscivilianlawyerswerebarredfromthehearingonMarch26th.Hismilitarylawyer,MajorMichaelMori,hasbeenthreatenedwithprosecutionforharshlycriticizingthetribunals.

Theprosecutor,ColonelMorrisDavis,saidthedefencelawyermayhavebreachedmilitarylawthatbansofficersfromusing“contemptuouswords”againstthepresidentorseniorofficials.MajorMorifiledacounter-chargeagainsttheprosecution,sayingittryingtointimidatehim.IntheendthemotionwillnotbeheardbecauseMr.Hicks,lookingpaleandbedraggled,admittedthechargeof“providingmaterialsupportforterrorism”.Achargeof“attemptedmurderinviolationofthelawsofwar”wasdropped.AsTheEconomistwenttopress,thetribunalwasduetoheardetailsofhispleaandpasssentence,whichMr.HicksisexpectedtoserveoutinAustralia.Hisfather,TerryHicks,saidhissonhadhad“fiveyearsofabsolutehell”sincebeingcapturedinAfghanistanandallegedlysufferingbeatings,rapeandforcedinjectionsinAmericancustody—accusationsrejectedbythePentagon.Theguiltypleawasjust“awaytogethome”,saidMr.Hicks’sfather.

ManyinAustraliaregardMr.Hicksasmoreofalostsoulthanadangerousterrorist.Indeed,hischargesheetportrayshimaslittlemorethananal-Qaedafoot-soldier,andapooroneatthat.HisjihadiCVispitifulcomparedwiththeevidencebeinggivenbysomeofthe14“highvaluedetainees”belatedlybroughttoGuantánamofromCIAsecretprisonsinSeptember.Theyincludeal-Qaeda’soperationalchief,KhalidSheikhMohammed,whoinaclosedhearingtodeterminewhetherhewasan“enemycombatant”earlierthismonthboastedthathehadorganizedtheSeptember11thattacks“fromAtoZ”，and30otherplots.Meanwhile,AhmedGhalfanGhailaniandWaleedbinAtttash,fromTanzaniaandYemenrespectively,haveadmittedsupplyingequipmentforthebombingoftheAmericanembassiesinKenyaandTanzaniain1998.

Manyofthesebignameswillfacetrial,andperhapsthedeathpenalty.Butthetribunalsareexpectedtotryonly60-80ofthemorethan380prisonerscurrentlyinGuantanamo.Overtheyearshundredsofdetaineeshavebeensentbacktotheircountries,wheresomehavebeenjailedandmosthavebeenreleased—andsometimesre-arrested.TheBushAdministrationsaysitwantstophaseoutandeventuallyclosethejail.Butitisunlikelytodosoforsomeyearseitherbecauseitlackstheevidencetoprosecutedetainees(evenunderthemorelaxmilitaryrulesitisusing),orbecauseothercountriesareunwillingtotakethemback.

46.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewiththeHickscase?

47.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?

48.Whatdoes“kangaroocourt”(Line8,Paragraph1)mean?

49.Thefourthparagraphsuggeststhat____.

50.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThecaseisnotencouraginginpromotingAmerica’sjusticeoutsidethecountry.

B.ThePentagonisfinallybeginningtoworkeffectivelytotrythedetaineesofitsanti-terroristwar.

C.Thedetaineesarenotsupposedtohavecivilianlawyers,whileonlymilitarylawyersareallowed.

D.ThefactthatthePentagonhasbeeninvolvedinaseriesofcontroversiesleadstothepublicattentionoftheHickscase.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hicks’smilitarylawyerwasalsosuedbytheprosecutor.

B.ThereasonthatMr.Hickspleadedguiltywastoescapefromthebadtreatment.

C.Mr.Hickshasadmittedguiltyofbothchargesbytheprosecutor.

D.ThePentagonisunawareoftheaccusationtowardtheAmericancustody.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.acourtdealingwithkangaroosmuggle

B.aweirdcourt

C.amilitarycourt

D.anunfaircourt

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thegovernmentistoooptimisticinclosingthejail

B.thejailinGuantánamoBaywillbeclosedinthenearfuture

C.thetribunalswilleventuallytryallthedetainees

D.allthedetaineeswillbesentbacktotheirowncountries

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThewholepassageispermeatedbyanironictonetowardsthesayingthattheHickscaseshowcasesAmerica’sjustice.

B.KhalidSheikhMohammedischargedofhisorganizationoftheentireeventoftheSeptember11attach.

C.Mostdetaineeswillfaceseveretrailsandsentenceswhentheyaresentbacktotheirhomecountries.

D.AustraliansregardMr.Hicksasaherosinceheisabignameintheal-Qaedaorganization.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】46.目的意圖題。題干“作者想用Hicks的案例說明什么？”對(duì)于Hicks案件切入，本文說美國(guó)軍事法庭開始了對(duì)Guantánamo灣監(jiān)獄恐怖主義嫌疑人的審判，一邊借Hicks父親之口說Hicks是為了逃避虐待才承認(rèn)的，并在第3段寫了澳大利亞人認(rèn)為他并不是真正的危險(xiǎn)的恐怖主義分子。原文第1段第3句YettheHickscaseishardlyanimpressivestartforAmerica’soffshorejustice.（然而，對(duì)于美國(guó)的離岸司法來說，Hicks案并不是一個(gè)令人贊美的開始。）由此可以看出，作者借他人之口表達(dá)了對(duì)美國(guó)Guantánamo灣監(jiān)獄司法性的懷疑態(tài)度。A選項(xiàng)“這一案件不鼓勵(lì)在國(guó)外推廣美國(guó)的法律”表述正確。B選項(xiàng)“五角大樓終于開始有效地審判反恐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的在押人員”，并不是作者的目的，排除；C選項(xiàng)“被拘留者不應(yīng)該有民事律師，只有軍事律師被允許”，題目問的是作者的意圖，而選項(xiàng)描述的是案件的細(xì)節(jié)，不符合題意，排除；D選項(xiàng)“由于五角大樓卷入了一系列爭(zhēng)議，Hicks事件引起了公眾的關(guān)注”，原文并未提及公眾關(guān)注的問題，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

47.判斷推理題。題干“我們能從第二段推斷出什么”，定位到原文第2段。A選項(xiàng)“Hicks的軍事律師也被檢察官起訴”，可定位到第1段最后一句Hismilitarylawyer,MajorMichaelMori,hasbeenthreatenedwithprosecutionforharshlycriticizingthetribunals.（他的軍事律師邁克爾?莫里少校因嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)法庭而受到起訴的威脅。）由此可知，他的軍事律師只是受到起訴的威脅，并不是已經(jīng)被起訴。另外，這是第1段的內(nèi)容，不符合題意，排除。B選項(xiàng)“Hicks認(rèn)罪的原因是為了逃避虐待”，可定位到的2段最后兩句Hisfather,TerryHicks,saidhissonhadhad“fiveyearsofabsolutehell”…andallegedlysufferingbeatings,rapeandforcedinjectionsinAmericancustody—accusationsrejectedbythePentagon.Theguiltypleawasjust“awaytogethome”,saidMr.Hicks’sfather.（Hicks的父親TerryHicks說，他的兒子“經(jīng)歷了五年地獄般的生活”……據(jù)稱在美國(guó)拘留期間遭受毆打、強(qiáng)奸和強(qiáng)制注射——五角