考研考博-英語-四川警察學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川警察學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ifyou’replanningongoingsightseeingaroundtheoldcity,aguideis（）.

問題1選項

A.indicative

B.indifferent

C.indispensable

D.incredible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。indicative“象征的；指示的”；indifferent“冷淡的，不關心的”；indispensable“不可缺少的”；incredible“難以置信的”。句意：如果你打算去舊城觀光的話，向?qū)莀_____。根據(jù)句意可知，選項C符合題意。

2.單選題

Byadvocatingmoderatechange,theythinkthattheycankeepconsumercostslow.

問題1選項

A.reasonable

B.radical

C.immediate

D.minimum

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過提倡……改變，他們認為可以保持消費者的低成本狀態(tài)。reasonable“合理的，明智的”；radical“根本的，徹底的”；immediate“立即的”；minimum“最低的”。根據(jù)后面的“消費者的低成本狀態(tài)”可知前面的改變是“適度的”，即劃線單詞的意思是“適度的；合理的”。因此選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

Peoplelikebeingtrusted.Theyareannoyed,angry,orfeelhurtiftheyareregardedwith（1）.Theythinkthattheyare（2）aninjustice.Theylikebeingtrustedfortworeasons:(l)Itisatributetotheirhonesty,truth,strength,（3），kindnessandgoodcharacter;(2)Theyfinditeasiertocheatothers.Thesetwo（4）Suggestwhatourattitudetowardstrustin（5）shouldbe.Itisnotasimpleattitude.Wemustkeepabalancebetweentwo（6）oversuspiciousnessandinfantilenaivety.

Aparalleltoourtrustinpeoplecouldbeourtrustinnatural（7）.Howevercarefulweare,wecannotguarantee（8）safetyforourselvesinthephysicalworld,yetweactas（9）wecantrustanorderedseriesofphysicalevents.Wetakethebustoworkinthemorning（10）thatwewillarrivesafelyatourofficeorschool.Wehaveno（11）thatwewill.Thebuscouldbe（12）inanaccident.

Ifwewereto（13）everyaccidentthatmighthappentouswewouldneverdoanything.

Wewouldjustremainsittingathome.Eventhenwecouldneverbeabsolutely（14）thattheceilingwouldnotcollapseonus.（15）wearetodoanythingatall,wemusttakerisks.Ofcoursewetrytoreduceriskstoa（16）。

Similarlywithregardtopeople,trustingtheminvolvestakingtherisksofbeing（17）.Nottrustingthemplacesusoutsidetheareaofcommunityactivity,（18）trustisanessentialbondincommunityliving.Inacompetitive,materialisticworlditwouldbe（19）totrusteveryoneineverything.However,weshouldwidentheareaoftrustasfaraspossible.Wecannoteliminateallrisksinsuchtrust（20）weshouldlessenthemasfaraspossiblebyrelianceonintelligenceandexperienceworthourownandthoseofadultswhosereliabilityhasbeenproven.

問題1選項

A.superstition

B.supervision

C.suspicion

D.suspension

問題2選項

A.suffering

B.challenging

C.releasing

D.offending

問題3選項

A.occupation

B.performance

C.recommendation

D.intelligence

問題4選項

A.reasons

B.examples

C.facts

D.truths

問題5選項

A.another

B.others

C.other

D.anyone

問題6選項

A.ends

B.extremes

C.spots

D.sides

問題7選項

A.matters

B.occasions

C.events

D.situations

問題8選項

A.mechanical

B.material

C.relevant

D.absolute

問題9選項

A.if

B.that

C.as

D.long

問題10選項

A.given

B.provided

C.such

D.so

問題11選項

A.measurement

B.calculation

C.guarantee

D.optimism

問題12選項

A.evolved

B.enclosed

C.engaged

D.involved

問題13選項

A.makeuseof

B.takeadvantageof

C.takeaccountof

D.makecertainof

問題14選項

A.certain

B.doubtful

C.suspicions

D.indifferent

問題15選項

A.Unless

B.If

C.Lest

D.Before

問題16選項

A.dilemma

B.minimum

C.maximum

D.reduction

問題17選項

A.flattered

B.assured

C.deceived

D.convinced

問題18選項

A.however

B.so

C.therefore

D.because

問題19選項

A.evident

B.unwise

C.creative

D.romantic

問題20選項

A.but

B.or

C.and

D.also

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:C

第14題:A

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:A

【解析】（1）形近詞辨析。前一句句意:人們樂于得到別人的信任，因此推斷此句意為:而當不被信任時.人們會感到氣惱、生氣或受到傷害”，故該空應填trust的反義詞。結合選項考慮，應填suspicion。toberegardedwithsuspicion表示“受到猜疑，不被人信任”。

（2）動詞辨析。此處應填一個謂語動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。句意為:他們覺得自己了不公正待遇。Suffer遭受;challenge挑戰(zhàn);release釋放；offend冒犯。故選A。

（3）名詞辨析。該句提到，“賦予信任是對人們的誠實、求真、能力、、善良和好性格的尊敬”，據(jù)此推測這個空也應相應選擇intelligence。occupation職業(yè)；performance表現(xiàn)；recommendation推薦;intelligence智力。

（4）語義連接。根據(jù)上文中的“Theylikebeingtrustedfortworeasons”推測此處選A項。

（5）代詞辨析。句意:這兩個原因說明了我們對他人的信任所應持有的態(tài)度。another另一個人；other不加復數(shù)時必須跟名詞，或者與any,another連用。anyone—般用在否定句與疑問句中。因此選B項others。

（6）名詞辨析。句意:我們必須在過度猜疑和天真幼稚這兩個極端之間保持平衡。

（7）名詞辨析。我們對人們的信任可以和我們對自然的信任類比。下文提示:Wecantrustanorderedseriesofphysicalevents。因此推測此處選C項events。

（8）形容詞辨析。句意:不管我們多么小心，我們也無法保證我們在世界中的安全。mechanical機械的；material物質(zhì)的；relevant相關的;absolute絕對的。

（9）固定搭配。asif表示“似乎”，“我們表現(xiàn)得似乎”。

（10）連詞辨析。句意:我們早上坐公車,安全達到辦公室或?qū)W校，這里應該填一個連詞。given作連詞指“考慮到”；provided表示“如果”，是一種假設，such不能這樣用，因此D項正確,表示“因此,以便”。

（11）名詞辨析。參照第18空的那句話:我們無法保證…，因此此處為“保證”的名詞形式。measurement為尺寸，度量calculation計算；guarantee保證;optimism樂觀。

（12）固定搭配。tobeinvolvedinsth.指“牽扯到，卷入到”，一般指不好的事件。

（13）短語辨析。如果我們每一場可能的發(fā)生在我們身上的事故，那我們什么都不能做了?！憋@然應當是“考慮、擔心”，takeaccountof固定短語，指“考慮，將...并入到考慮范圍內(nèi)”。其他選項maleuseof,takeadvantageof都是“利用”的意思，takeaccountof考慮，將...并入到考慮范圍內(nèi);makecertainof確定。因此C項符合句意。

（14）形容詞辨析。我們不能老是對危險惴惴不安，否則我們得一直待在家里。即使待在家里，也不能屋頂不會塌下來。Certain確定,肯定。

（15）邏輯分析。句意:我們想做點什么事，任何事，都必須承擔風險。因此B項if(如果)符合句意。

（16）名詞辨析。句意:我們得承擔風險，但是可以將風險降到最低。

（17）動詞辨析。句意:與人打交道類似，相信別人可能有被的風險。flattered被奉承，assure是確定，一般不用在被動語態(tài)，過去分詞assured作形容詞，指“確定的，確信的”；deceived被欺騙;convinced確信。故C項符合句意。

（18）邏輯分析。句意:不相信別人會讓我們被排除在大家的活動之外，信任是大家一起生活至關重要的紐帶。前后為因果關系,故選D。

（19）形容詞辨析。信任所有人所有事是明顯。evident明顯的，unwise理智的,creative創(chuàng)新的，romantic浪漫的。故B項符合句意。

（20）邏輯分析。句意:我們不能消除所有風險,我們可以盡可能減少。前后為轉折關系,故選A。

4.單選題

Thechairmanwasaskedtoresign,（

）totallyunfitforhispost.

問題1選項

A.havingconsidered

B.considering

C.tobeconsidered

D.beingconsidered

【答案】D

【解析】分析句子可知，逗號前后沒有連接詞，所以逗號后面不能是完整的句子，這里是分詞短語做狀語，前后為因果關系，所以選項C目的狀語可首先排除；再根據(jù)句意可知，這里表被動，所以選項D正確。句意：主席被要求辭職，因為他被認為完全不適合這個職位。

5.單選題

Thecompany（

）ariseinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappenedyet.

問題1選項

A.ispromised

B.hasbeenpromised

C.ispromising

D.promised

【答案】B

【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時的用法。forages時間狀語，常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，表示現(xiàn)在以前的這一段時間里一直在做的事情。選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

This（）tothestudyofdiseasesistechnicallyreferredtoasepidemiological.

問題1選項

A.method

B.solution

C.means

D.approach

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。由句意可知，tothestudyofdiseases修飾空缺處的名詞，A、C、D三個選項都可以表示“方法，方式”，但是只有approach可以與to搭配表示“.…..的方法”，method和means后不接to。solution表示“解決方案”，與句意不符，可排除。因此，本題正確答案為D項。【句意】這種疾病研究方法在技術上稱之為流行病學法。

7.單選題

（

）theissueofslaveryandracehasbeenfundamentalinAmerica’sdevelopment.

問題1選項

A.Promoting

B.Confronting

C.Conquering

D.Measuring

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：美國發(fā)展中所面臨的最基本的問題是奴隸制與種族問題。promote“提升”；confront“面臨”；conquer“戰(zhàn)勝”；measure“測量”。根據(jù)句意，選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

Therearealways______andreligiousdisputesbetweenIsraelandPalestine.

問題1選項

A.eligible

B.engaged

C.prone

D.prospective

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項eligible“合格的；中意的”；B選項engaged“使用中的；占線的”；C選項prone“有做……傾向的”；D選項prospective“預期的；前瞻性的”。句意：以色列和巴勒斯坦之間總是存在著______和宗教性的爭議。根據(jù)語境，D選項prospective“預期的；前瞻性的”搭配disputes“爭議”比較合理，意思指色列和巴勒斯坦的爭議是遲早的事。因此D選項正確。

9.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

RecentlybadairpollutioninBeijinghasledtoafloodofstrongcriticismfromthecountry'sstate-runmedia.Governmentofficialswereorderedtoreducevehicleuseovertheweekend,accordingtothestate-runXinhuanewsagency,whichalsocoveredthepollutionstoryextensively.Environmentalprotectionauthoritiespublisheddailyair-qualitymeasurements,butthosedidn'ttakeintoaccountthesmallerpollutionparticles,knownasPM2.5,thatpublichealthexpertssayarethemostdamagingtohumanhealth.

People'sDaily,meanwhile,ranafronteditorialundertheheadline"ABeautifulChinaStartswithHealthyBreathing"onMonday."Thevast,unmovinghazehasobscuredourvision,butithasmadetheurgencyofpollutioncontrolclearertous,"theeditorialsaid,notingthechallengestoChina’senvironmentfromrapidongoingindustrializationandurbanization.Post-crisisemergencymeasures,itcontinued,"cannotreplacesystematic,scientific,efficientandpowerfulmanagementoftheproblematitssource.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.

科學就是探求真理。在探求真理的過程中，人們對客觀規(guī)律的認識要經(jīng)過艱苦曲折的過程。常常有這樣的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握資料的差異，認識方法的不同，以至引起學術上的爭論。因此，有作為的科學工作者都把反對的意見看作對自己的莫大幫助，把對自己的批評當作最珍貴的友誼。這都是因為，贊同的意見未必正確，反對的意見未必錯誤。退一步說，即使錯誤的反對意見，對自己的科學研究也是很有好處的。

【答案】SectionA

最近，北京嚴重的空氣污染引發(fā)了中國官方媒體的強烈批評。據(jù)廣泛報道污染事件的新華社報道，政府官員被要求在周末期間減少車輛使用。環(huán)境保護部門公布了每天的空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)，但這些數(shù)據(jù)沒有將PM2.5等較小的污染顆粒計算在內(nèi)。公共衛(wèi)生專家說，PM2.5對人體健康的危害最大。

與此同時，《人民日報》周一在頭版發(fā)表了一篇題為《美麗中國從健康呼吸開始》的社論。注意到中國快速發(fā)展的工業(yè)化和城市化給中國環(huán)境帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，

社論指出：巨大的、靜止的霧霾遮蔽了我們的視野，但它讓我們更加清楚地認識到控制污染的緊迫性。它還指出，危機后的緊急措施“不能從根本上取代對問題進行系統(tǒng)、科學、有效和強有力的管理”。

SectionB

Sciencemeanstheexplorationoftruth.Intheprocessofexploringtruth,people'sunderstandingofobjectivelawhastogothroughaarduousandtortuousprocess.Itisoftenthecasethatacademicdisputesarisebecauseofdifferentresearchperspectives,differentmasteryofmaterialsanddifferentmethodsofcognition.Therefore,accomplishedscientistsregardopposingopinionsasagreathelptothemselves,andtheircriticismasthemostvaluablefriendship.Thisisbecause,theopinionthatagreesmaynotberight,theopinionthatdisagreesmaynotbewrong.Tosaytheleast,evenafalseobjectionisgoodforone'sownscientificresearch.

10.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthetactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-collarandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoredmatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong.etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Fromdiepassagewecaninterthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

3.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould（）.

4.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

問題1選項

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

C.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

D.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

問題3選項

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題4選項

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推斷,作者將人比喻成機械中運轉良好的齒輪,實則是想表明人們相對于社會中其他部分來說已經(jīng)變得不那么重要了。選項C符合原文。

2.信息推理題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,作者認為這些人之所以焦慮是因為處于一個競爭激烈的社會之中,只有遠離了競爭激烈的社會,才會有真正幸福的生活。所以選項C正確。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者建議將官僚主義的工業(yè)轉變?yōu)橐匀藶楸镜墓I(yè)主義，使人能充分發(fā)揮他的潛力。選項C符合原文。

4.態(tài)度判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,作者認為現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)主義使人喪失了其在社會中應發(fā)揮的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建議將工業(yè)主義轉變?yōu)橐环N以人為本的工業(yè)主義,所以作者對待工業(yè)主義的態(tài)度是不滿的。選項B正確。

11.單選題

I’msorryI’mlate—Ihadamental（

）andforgetthatwewouldhaveameetingtoday.

問題1選項

A.aberration

B.perversion

C.imbalance

D.sanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。aberration“神經(jīng)迷亂；離開正路；越軌”；perversion“反常，顛倒，曲解”；imbalance“不平衡，不安定”；sanity“明智，頭腦清楚”。句意：很抱歉我遲到了。我有點精神恍惚忘記了今天還有個會議。選項A符合題意。

12.單選題

Whathesaidinthemeeting（）everybodypresent.

問題1選項

A.disgusted

B.dismissed

C.disposed

D.disabled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。disgust“使厭惡，使作嘔”；dismiss“解散，解雇”；dispose“處理，處置”；disable“使失去能力”。句意：他在會議上說的話使在場的每個人都（）。只有A項符合句意。

13.單選題

Ican'twaittohearaboutyourEnglishclass

問題1選項

A.ameagerto

B.amlateto

C.amindifferent

D.amhappyto

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語詞義辨析。題目中can'twaittodosth表示“迫不及待去做某事”；A選項為“渴望去做某事”；B選項為“遲到”;C選項為“對……漠不關心”；D選項為“開心做某事”。由題意可知，我已經(jīng)迫不及待要聽你的英語課了。因此，正確答案是A項。

14.單選題

1.Flattery,RichardStengelwritesbywayofdefininghisterms,“isstrategicpraise,praisewithapurpose.Itmaybeinflatedorexaggeratedoritmaybeaccurateandtruthful,butitispraisethatseekssomeresult,whetheritbeincreasedlikingoranofficewithawindowFlatteryisalsoakindofbribe,anemotionalgratuitythatweacceptandwhichveryoftenrepaysthegiverwithsomethinghewants.ItisabribewewanttopocketFlatteryatitscoreislanguagethatadvancesself-interestwhileconcealingitatthesametime.”

2.Allofwhichisperfectlytrue,butitneedstobequalified(asintimeStengeldoes)inoneimportantway:Flatteryisalmostalwaysrecognizableforexactlywhatitis.Ifitistrue,asprobablyitis,thatmostofusaresusceptibletoflatteryandwillingtoemployitinourowninterests,itisequallytruethatflatteryisinfrequentlysubtleandoftenblatant.Inmylineofwork,forexample,whenIseeinapublisher’scataloguethatawriterwithwhomIamacquaintedhasanewbookforthcoming,Icanpredictalmosttothedaytheletterorcallfromsaidauthorinwhich,inonefashionoranother,myownperspicacityandstylisticelegancewillbepraisedfulsomely,accompanied,perhaps,byaninvitationtolunch.Similarly,aletterore-mailfromsomeonewhollyunknowntomewillbeginwithpraiseformylatestbookrevieworcolumn,followed,apace,withthenewsthatthewriteroftheletter―orarelative,orafriend,oracolleague―isabouttocomeforthwith...abook.

3.Itisthewayoftheworld.Thoughinmycaseflatteryinfrequentlyproducesthedesiredresults——quitetothecontrary,ifthetruthbeknown——Icannotclaimthatthesilkenwordswhisperedinmyeargounheeded.StengelquotesLordChesterfield:“Thisprincipleofvanityandprideissostronginhumannature,thatisdescendseventothelowestobjects;andoneoftenseespeopleanglingforpraise.”Thoughwewouldpreferpraisethatisofferedwithoutulteriormotives,thatisheartfeltandgenerous,wereadilysettleformereflattery;wemaynotdeliverthequidproquosotransparentlysoughtbeneaththeoleaginouswords—wemayevenholdtheflattererincontempt—yetwearenotimpervioustothestrokingheorsheadministers;indeedwemayluxuriateinitevenaswepretendtoridiculeit.

4.“Todescribesomeoneasasocialclimberoraself-promoterisgenerallynotconsideredacompliment.Thosetwolabelsseemlikeparticularlymodernputdowns(andinthecultureofcelebritytheyhavebecomefull-timeoccupations).ButIwouldmakethecasethattheyaresimplyneutraltermsforfundamentalhumanbehavior,Infact,I’dcontendthatbasedontheprinciplesofevolutionarybiology,social-climbingandself-promotion.Theyareinourgenes.”

5.Flattery,hequitecorrectlysays,“isaformofcooperation,andcooperationisthesuccessfulevolutionaryprincipleofreciprocalaltruism.”AsSamRayburnusedtosay,duringhislongandproductivetenureasspeakeroftheHouseofRepresentatives,“Ifyouwanttogetalong,goalong.”Tobesureflatteryisroutinelycarriedtoobscenelengthsinthiscity,whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout“isinsomewaysclosertothecourtsofRenaissanceEuropethanitistoourmodernera,”yetitisthegreasethatoilsthewheelsofpoliticsandoftenenablesthegovernmentanditssatellitestoaccomplishworthwhilethings.ThespectaclethatmembersoftheSenatepresentwhentheyfawnovereachotheras“honorable”and“distinguished”ishardlyaprettyone,yetitisnotwithoutpurpose.

6.InAmericanlife,flatteringinfluentialindividualsisanessentialpartofthemachineryofsocietyandbusiness.InaperceptivechaptercalledHowDaleCarnegieWonFriendsandInfluencedPeople,Stengelshowshow“thesimplestdevicesofpayingattention,offeringappreciationandthegivingofsmallflatteries”havebecomesoengrainedthatitishardtoimaginefunctioningwithoutthem.Therulesofflattery—oritshandmaiden,ingratiation—areclear:“avoidcomplimentingthetarget...inawaythatmakesitclearyouwantareward;makesurethecomplimentisplausible;praiseanattributeaboutwhichthetargetisuncertain;anddon’tleavetheimpressionthatyouareapromiscuouspraise.”Doallofthatandyoutoocansucceedinbusiness—oranythingelse—withoutreallytrying?

7.Allofwhichshould,makeclear—especiallytoyou,gentleandquick-wittedreader—thatStengelhaswrittennotmerelyapopularhistoryofflatterybutalsoaguidetoitsemployment.Hedoesthelatterwithtongueslightlyincheek—attimestothepointthathisprosebecomesexcessivelychattyandbreezy—yetthetruthisthathiscounsel,andthatofthemanyotherswhomhequotes,probablycanbeusedtogoodpurpose.Ifyoumustflatter-andtherearetimeswhenflatteryisclearlythewisestcourse—thenbyallmeansdoitwell.

1.whenflatteryisclearlythewisestcourse—thenbyallmeansdoitwell.

2.AccordingtoRichardStengel,allofthefollowingaretrueofflatteryEXCEPT（

）.

3.Inthesecondparagraph,thewritermakesthepointthat

（

）.

4.Themainideaofthethirdparagraphisthat

（

）.

5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecourtsofRenaissanceEurope(Para.5)?Thewriter'sattitudetowardRichardStengel'sviewsregardingflatterycanbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項

A.itcanstretchthetruth

B.ithasapurpose

C.itisanunsuccessfulbribe

D.itcanbeexpressedsubtly

問題2選項

A.flatterersoftenachievetheirobjectives

B.flatteryisoftenblatant

C.thewriterisoftenflattered

D.weareoftentemptedbyflattery

問題3選項

A.flatteryseldomproducesthedesiredresults

B.humansarevainandproud

C.it'sonlyhumantoenjoyflattery

D.wefindflatteryobjectionable

問題4選項

A.Theywereverysimilartoourmodernera.

B.Theybannedflattery.

C.Theyencouragedflattery.

D.Theywerenotpopularwiththegeneralrepublic.

問題5選項

A.neutral

B.favorable

C.doubtful

D.critical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Flatteryisalsoakindofbribe,anemotionalgratuitythatweacceptandwhichveryoftenrepaysthegiverwithsomethinghewants.（阿諛奉承也是一種賄賂，一種我們可以接受的情感饋贈，常常會用回報給贈予者他想要的東西）可知阿諛奉承是一種成功的賄賂，因此選C。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Flatteryisalmostalwaysrecognizableforexactlywhatitis...itisequallytruethatflatteryisinfrequentlysubtleandoftenblatant.（阿諛奉承幾乎總是可以確切地認出它是什么……同樣的事實是，奉承不那么微妙，常常是明目張膽的）可知選B。A選項為第一段的內(nèi)容；C選項只是作者用自己的經(jīng)歷舉例說明，阿諛奉承很顯而易見；D選項在第二段中沒有出現(xiàn)，因此選B。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Itisthewayoftheworld...indeedwemayluxuriateinitevenaswepretendtoridiculeit.（阿諛奉承是人之常情……事實上，即使我們假裝嘲笑它，我們也可以盡情享受它）可知C選項“喜歡聽阿諛奉承的話是人類的天性”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的Tobesureflatteryisroutinelycarriedtoobscenelengthsinthiscity,whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout“isinsomewaysclosertothecourtsofRenaissanceEuropethanitistoourmodernera”（阿諛奉承在這座城市里到處都有，正如Stengel正確的指出“在某些方面更接近文藝復興時期的歐洲，而不是我們的現(xiàn)代時代”）可推測阿諛奉承在文藝復興時期的歐洲宮廷也十分流行，因此選C。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。由文章第二段中的Allofwhichisperfectlytrue（所有這些都是完全正確的）和第五段中的Flattery,hequitecorrectlysays（阿諛奉承，他說得很對）與whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout（正如Stengel正確的指出）可知作者對RichardStengel的觀點都是用的正面肯定的詞，故可知作者是贊成RichardStengel的觀點的，因此選B。

15.單選題

ProfessorSmith’snewinventionhascreatedagreat______onthecampus.

問題1選項

A.sensation

B.selection

C.imitation

D.irrigation

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項sensation“感覺，轟動”，B項selection“選擇，挑選”，C項imitation“模仿，仿造”，D項irrigation“灌溉”。根據(jù)句子關鍵詞newinvention“新發(fā)明”可知，空格處填入A項符合語境。句意：史密斯教授的新發(fā)明在校園里引起了很大的轟動。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

16.單選題

Thetwogovernmentsarecompletelyin______onthequestionsofpreservingpeace.

問題1選項

A.paradox

B.accord

C.conversion

D.dissertation

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項paradox“矛盾”，B項accord“符合，一致”，C項conversion“轉換”，D項dissertation“專題，論文”。根據(jù)關鍵信息onthequestionsofpreservingpeace“在維護和平的問題上”，結合空格前面的in，可知填入accord符合語境，inaccord固定搭配，表示“符合，一致”。句意：兩國政府在維護和平的問題上意見完全一致。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

17.單選題

I.Jurisprudence

ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000,theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore:“Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.”

Thousandsofotherexamplescouldbecited.TheRuleofLawisseenasafragilebutcrucialideal,andonethatisappropriatelyinvokedwhenevergovernmentstrytogettheirwaybyarbitraryandoppressiveactionorbyshort-circuitingthenormsandprocedureslaiddowninacountry’slawsorconstitution.Interferingwiththecourts,jailingsomeonewithoutlegaljustification,detainingpeoplewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess,manipulatingtheconstitutionforpartisanadvantage—alltheseareseenasabusesoftheRuleofLaw.

Iwouldliketoconsidertheroleofthisidealingeneraljurisprudence,thatis,intheconceptualworkthatwedoinlegalphilosophywhenwetrytoexplainwhatlawis.Iamgoingtoarguefortwopropositions:IshallarguethatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawandourunderstandingoftheconceptoflawoughttobemuchmorecloselyconnectedthantheyareinmodernjurisprudence;IshallarguealsothatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizenotjustthevalueofsettled,determinaterulesandthepredictabilitythattheymakepossible,butalsotheimportanceoftheproceduralandargumentativeaspectsoflegalpractice.

Ishallargue,moreover,thatthesetwopropositionsareconnected.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflawwhenweunderstandtheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemesthanwhenweseeitpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.TheproceduralaspectoftheRuleofLawhelpsbringourconceptualthinkingaboutlawtolife;andanunderstandingoflegalsystemsthatemphasizesargumentinthecourtroomasmuchastheexistenceandrecognitionofrulesprovidesthebasisforamuchricherunderstandofthevaluesthattheRuleofLawcomprisesinmodernpoliticalargument.

51.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

52.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTanabuseoftheRuleofLaw?

53.Accordingtothe3rdparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.

54.Whichstatementiscorrectaccordingtothe4thparagraph?

問題1選項

A.JusticeStevensdidnotagreewiththemajorityoftheJustices.

B.Theyear2000wasayearwherePresidentialelectionwasheld.

C.TheJusticesknewwhotheloserwasintheelection.

D.Ateverystageofthedebate,theRuleofLawwasinvoked.

問題2選項

A.LettingthecourtdecidethefinalresultofthePresidentialelection.

B.Arrestingsomeonewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess.

C.Agovernmentagencygivingorderstocourtsforspecificcases.

D.Puttingsomeoneintojailwithoutatrialbycourt.

問題3選項

A.thescholars’understandingoftheRuleofLawiscorrect

B.theunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizeboththesubstantiveandproceduralaspects

C.whenpeopletrytoexplainwhatlawis,theytalkabouttheRuleofLaw

D.lawsaresettled,determinaterules

問題4選項

A.OneshouldlookattheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemes.

B.TheRuleofLawshouldbeseenpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.

C.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflaw.

D.UnderstandingoflawsbothasrulesandasthoseusedincourtroomshelpstounderstandtheRuleofLaw.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】51.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore（每一個階段，每個問題的各方都援引了《法治》，最終以大法官史蒂文斯在布什訴戈爾案中提出的著名異議告終），結合法律知識，此處的異議是指案外人對執(zhí)行標的提出不同的意見，而不是大法官史蒂文斯不同意大多數(shù)人的意見，A選項“法官史蒂文斯不同意大多數(shù)法官的意見”和原文不符，同時可知D選項“辯論的每一階段都援引了《法治》”符合原文；第一段ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000…（許多讀者會記得2000年佛羅里達選舉失敗時的情形……）可知2000年正在進行總統(tǒng)選舉，B選項“2000年是總統(tǒng)選舉舉行的一年”符合原文；第一段Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.（盡管我們可能永遠無法完全確定今年總統(tǒng)選舉的贏家是誰，但輸家的身份是非常清楚的。這是國家對法官作為法治公正監(jiān)護人的信任）可知C選項“法官們知道誰是選舉中的失敗者”符合原文。因此A選項符合題意。

52.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“anabuseoftheRuleofLaw”定位到原文第二段