考研考博-英語(yǔ)-喀什職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-喀什職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Mostenvironmental______—fromclimatechangestofreshwaterandforesthabitatloss—havebecomemarkedlyworse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.symptoms

B.highlights

C.indicators

D.symbols

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.symptoms癥狀；征兆B.highlights最好（或最精彩、最激動(dòng)人心）的部分

C.indicators指示信號(hào)D.symbols象征；符號(hào)

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格后用了破折號(hào)，說(shuō)明破折號(hào)的內(nèi)容是補(bǔ)充解釋空格處所要填的名詞，根據(jù)破折號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容“從氣候變化到淡水和森林棲息地的喪失”可知，這是環(huán)境惡化的征兆，故空格處表示“征兆”，該題選擇A項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】大多數(shù)環(huán)境癥狀——從氣候變化到淡水和森林棲息地的喪失——已經(jīng)明顯惡化。

2.單選題

Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.

“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likehandwashingwithsoap,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”saidDr.Curtis,thedirectoroftheHygieneCenterattheLondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicine.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”

ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusedtointroducenewroutines.

Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrandsadvertisingthatnomorningiscompletewithoutaminty-freshmouth.

Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizers—whichareeffectiveevenifappliedathighnoon—areadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.

“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,”saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thecompanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers’lives,andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”

Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.ButforactivistslikeDr.Curtis,thisemergingresearchoffersatypeofsalvation.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,consumers’goodhabitsinthepastweredevelopedby（）.

2.Judgingfromthecontext,theword“killers”(Line1,Para.2)mostprobablyrefersto（）.

3.Judgingfromthecontext,ColgateandCrestaremostprobably（）.

4.Bottledwater,chewinggum,andskinmoisturizersareusedinparagraph5asexamplestoindicate（）.

5.Whichofthefollowinggroupshasunfavorableopiniononadvertising?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theeffortsofmanycompanies

B.themselvesautomatically

C.perfectartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors

D.acarefullydesignedsetofdailycues

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.fundamentalpublichealthproblems

B.thingswhichareextremelydifficulttodealwith

C.peoplewhodeliberatelytakeother’slife

D.newbehaviorsthathappenautomatically

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.famousAmericancompanies

B.dailyconsumerproducts

C.tooth-pastebrands

D.pearlywhitejewelry

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceofgoodhabits

B.somedailynecessitiesforthecommonpeople

C.someproductsthathavesuccessfullychangedpeople’shabits

D.partofdailyorweeklypatternsofpeople’slife

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Consumerpsychologists

B.Socialscientists

C.Companypresidents

D.ActivistslikeDr.Curtis

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段首句“Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.在過(guò)去的十年中，許多公司已經(jīng)完善了在消費(fèi)者群體中形成自發(fā)性的行為或者說(shuō)是習(xí)慣的藝術(shù)?！庇纱丝芍^(guò)去消費(fèi)者的許多習(xí)慣實(shí)際上是很多公司努力培養(yǎng)的結(jié)果，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.詞義推斷題。根據(jù)第二段首句“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likehandwashingwithsoap,thatremainkillers.還有一些基本的公共衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題，比如用肥皂洗手，仍然是殺手?！庇纱丝芍?，“killer”指的就是“fundamentalpublichealthproblems”，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“Today,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrandsadvertisingthatnomorningiscompletewithoutaminty-freshmouth.如今，由于精明的廣告宣傳和公共健康宣傳活動(dòng)，許多美國(guó)人習(xí)慣給他們珍珠般潔白的牙齒一天兩次的防蛀牙刷洗，常用的是高露潔、佳潔士或其他品牌中的某一個(gè)，這些產(chǎn)品經(jīng)常宣傳說(shuō)，沒(méi)有薄荷清新的口腔，早晨是不完整的?！庇纱丝赏茰y(cè)出，Colgate和Crest是牙膏品牌，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.判斷推理題。原文第六段的首句提及“當(dāng)我們的產(chǎn)品成為日?；蛎恐苣Ｊ降囊徊糠謺r(shí)，我們的產(chǎn)品就成功了”，也就是說(shuō)，這些產(chǎn)品之所以成功，是因?yàn)樗鼈兏淖兞巳藗兊纳盍?xí)慣，而這些產(chǎn)品就是上文所提及的瓶裝水，口香糖和潤(rùn)膚霜。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的內(nèi)容可知“通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)和觀察，像伯寧博士這樣的社會(huì)科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到，通過(guò)無(wú)休止的廣告，將某些行為與習(xí)慣暗示聯(lián)系起來(lái)是有用的。隨著這種新的習(xí)慣科學(xué)出現(xiàn)，當(dāng)這種策略被用于銷售有問(wèn)題的美容霜或不健康食品時(shí)，爭(zhēng)議就爆發(fā)了。”由此可知，社會(huì)科學(xué)家們可能會(huì)對(duì)廣告有不好的看法，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.單選題

Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto（

）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。refreshing意為“使恢復(fù)精神，提醒”；restoring意為“修復(fù)，整修”，強(qiáng)調(diào)恢復(fù)原貌，一般指被毀壞的藝術(shù)品或建筑物；renovating意為“翻新，修復(fù)”，一般整修舊建筑物；renewing意為“重新開(kāi)始，重申”。

句意：大量的工作已投入恢復(fù)大教堂以前的輝煌。

4.單選題

Andersonheldouthisarmsto（）theattack,butthesharkgrabbedhisrightforearmanddived.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnoff

B.wardoff

C.triggeroff

D.calloff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)turnoff“關(guān)掉”；B選項(xiàng)wardoff“避開(kāi)、擋住”；C選項(xiàng)triggeroff“引起、激起”；D選項(xiàng)calloff“取消、放棄”，句意為：安德森伸出雙臂擋住鯊魚(yú)的攻擊，但鯊魚(yú)咬住他的右前臂，潛入水中。wardoff“避開(kāi)、擋住”符合題意，因此選B。

5.案例題

Completethesesentencesbelow.

USENOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.

1.SolvingtheMorriswormwasdifficultbecausetherepairmethodwassent（）andthereforeuseless.

2.TheteenagerwhohackedintoBellAtlanticwouldgetamaximumprisonsentenceof（）ifhecommittedthesamecrimenow.

3.Somehackersarescaredthatgovernmentauthoritiescouldnowconsiderthemtobe（）.

4.Onedisadvantageof（）isthattheycanmakeacompanyfeelprotectedfromattackeventhoughthesystemisnotperfect.

【答案】1.viaE-mail

2.twoyears

3.terrorists

4.firewall

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第三段，“However,the‘fixes’weretobedistributedviaE-mailandsothesolutionwasself-defeating.”，可知修復(fù)程序?qū)⑼ㄟ^(guò)電子郵件分發(fā)，因此解決方案是弄巧成拙的。

2.根據(jù)文章第五段，“In1997,ateenagerhackedintoaBellAtlanticnetwork…Andwhatwasthepunishmentforthisoffence?Twoyears’probationcommunityserviceandafineof$US5,000.”，可知入侵貝爾大西洋的少年如果現(xiàn)在再犯同樣的罪行，他將面臨2年的監(jiān)禁。

3.根據(jù)文章第六段，“Thishaspushedsomehackersfurtherunderground,fearfulthatwhattheyhadpreviouslybeendoingoutofboredomorchallengecouldnowbeviewedasanactofterrorism.”，可知這將一些黑客推向了更深的深淵，他們擔(dān)心以前無(wú)論是出于無(wú)聊或挑戰(zhàn)而做的事情，現(xiàn)在可能被視為恐怖主義行為?？膳袛喑鏊麄儞?dān)心政府把他們視為恐怖分子。

4.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段，“Itistruethatthesefirewallshaveanumberofadvantages,nevertheless,theyshouldnotbeseenasapanaceatoallISsecuritywoes,merelyanenhancement.”，可知這些防火墻有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但它們不應(yīng)被視為解決所有安全問(wèn)題的萬(wàn)能藥，而僅僅是一種增強(qiáng)。可判斷出防火墻的缺陷之一是：盡管系統(tǒng)不完善，公司也會(huì)感覺(jué)到被保護(hù)而免遭侵害。

6.單選題

Landbelongstothecity;thereis（）thingasprivateownershipofland.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nosucha

B.notsuch

C.notsucha

D.nosuch

【答案】D

【解析】句意:土地屬于城市所有；根本沒(méi)有私有土地所有權(quán)這一說(shuō)。

考查固定搭配。nosuchthingas沒(méi)有…的事。

7.單選題

Hemadea____gesture,whichoffendedtheyoungladygreatly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vague

B.vulgar

C.vogue

D.vigorous

【答案】B

【解析】

【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.vague（思想上）不清楚的；含糊的B.vulgar粗野的；粗魯?shù)?；下流?/p>

C.vogue時(shí)髦的；流行的D.vigorous充滿活力的；果斷的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：他做了一個(gè)……的手勢(shì)，這讓這位年輕的女士非常生氣。根據(jù)邏輯，由后半句這位女士非常生氣可以推測(cè)這個(gè)人做了一個(gè)非常粗魯下流的手勢(shì)，冒犯到了這位女士。因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】他做了一個(gè)粗俗的手勢(shì)，這使那位年輕的女士非常生氣。

8.單選題

Hewas（）fromthecompetitionbecausehehadnotcompliedwiththerules.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forbidden

B.barred

C.disqualified

D.excused

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:forbid“禁止，指禁止某人進(jìn)入某地、或禁止某人用某物或做某事”；B:bar“禁止，指用障礙物阻止或禁止”；C:disqualify“取消……的資格”；D:excuse“原諒”。句意：他被禁止參加比賽，因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有遵守比賽規(guī)則。結(jié)合句意，故C為正確答案。

9.單選題

Chinaneedstoincreaseitsoverseasinvestment,especiallyinenergyandrawmaterials,asthiswill______worldsuppliesandbevitalforrebalancingtheworldeconomy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indict

B.recruit

C.poke

D.boost

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.indict控告；起訴B.recruit吸收；招募

C.poke（用手指或其他東西）捅，戳，杵D.boost使增長(zhǎng)；使興旺

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)as可知，as在這里作為連詞，表示原因，由主句Chinaneedstoincreaseitsoverseasinvestment（中國(guó)需要增加海外投資）可推知，will______worldsupplies指的是“將增加世界供應(yīng)”，故該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】中國(guó)需要增加海外投資，特別是在能源和原材料領(lǐng)域，因?yàn)檫@將增加世界供應(yīng)，對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的再平衡至關(guān)重要。

10.單選題

Ingeneral,the（

）amountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotalforlivingexpenses.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acceptable

B.advisable

C.available

D.applicable

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)acceptable“可接受的”；B選項(xiàng)advisable“明智的”；C選項(xiàng)available“可獲得的”；D選項(xiàng)applicable“可應(yīng)用的”。

句意：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)生在住房上的花費(fèi)應(yīng)控制在可支配的生活費(fèi)的五分之一以內(nèi)。available其后常接介詞for或to構(gòu)成形容詞短語(yǔ)，作后置定語(yǔ)。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

11.單選題

Emotionsaredefinedasstrong,relativelyuncontrolledfeelingsthataffectourbehavior.Everyoneexperiencesawiderangeofemotions.Thinkforamomentaboutarecentemotionalexperience.Whatcharacterizedthisexperience?Allemotionalexperiencestendtohaveseveralelementsincommon.

Emotionsaregenerallytriggeredbyenvironmentalevents.Anger,joyandsadnessaremostfrequentlyaresponsetoasetofexternalevents.However,internalprocesses,suchasimagery,canalsoinitiateemotionalreactions.

Allemotions,assubjectivelyexperiencedandidentified,appeartobeassociatedwithphysiologicalchanges.Theemotionslabeledas“joy”,“fear”and“anger”occurinconjunctionwithverysimilarphysiologicalpatterns.Currentthinkingleanstowardsacceptingtheprimacy(首要性)ofphysiologicalchanges,whicharetheninterpretedbasedonenvironmentaloccurrences.Forexample,asuddenfallingsensationwillinitiatephysiologicalchanges.Thesechangeswouldbeinterpretedonthebasisofthesituationinwhichtheyoccur,exhilarationorexcitementofbungeejumping;fearoffallingfromaledge(巖脊).

Anothercharacteristicfeatureofanemotionalexperienceiscognitivethought.Emotionsgenerally,althoughnotnecessarily,areaccompaniedbythinking.Thetypesofthoughtsandourabilitytothink“rationally”varywiththetypeanddegreeofemotion.Extremeemotionalresponsesarefrequentlyusedasanexplanationforinappropriatethoughtsoractions:“IwassomadIcouldn’tthinkstraight.”

Emotionsalsohaveassociatedbehaviors.Whilethebehaviorsvarybetweenindividualsandwithinindividualsacrossdifferenttimesandsituations,thereareuniquebehaviorscharacteristicallyassociatedwithdifferentemotions:feartriggersfleeingresponses,angertriggersstrikingout,grieftriggerscrying,andsoon.

Finally,andmostimportantly,emotionsinvolvesubjectivefeelings.Infact,itisthefeelingcomponent(成分)thatisgenerallyreferredtowhenemotionsarementioned.Grief,joy,anger,jealousyandfearfeelverydifferentfromoneanother.Thesesubjectivelydeterminedfeelingsaretheessenceofemotion.

Whileallindividualsgenerallyevaluateemotionsinaconsistentmannerandwithinindividualsovertime,therearesomeindividualandsituationalvariations.Forexample,fewpeoplegenerallywanttobesadorafraid,yetwealloccasionallyenjoyamovieorabookthatscaresorsaddensus—orevensomeofthefrighteningridesatthemeparks(主題樂(lè)園)!

Ifasked,wecoulddoubtlessnamenumerousemotions.Agroupof20orsopeoplecangenerallynameordescribeseveralhundredemotions.Therefore,itisnotsurprisingthatresearchershaveattemptedtocategorizeortypeemotionsintomoremanageableclusters.Plutchiklistseightbasicemotionalcategories:fear;anger;joy;sadness;acceptance;disgust;expectancy;surprise.

AccordingtoPlutchik,allotheremotionsaresecondaryemotionsandrepresentcombinationsofthesebasiccategories.Forexample,delightisacombinationofsurpriseandjoy,andcontemptiscomposedofdisgustandanger.

61.Whataretheelementsthatproducehumanemotions?

62.Thetwoexamplesgiveninthethirdparagraphshowsthat（）.

63.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutemotionsisNOTTRUE?

64.Thepassageindicatesthatindividualemotions（）.

65.Whydotheresearcherstrytoclassifyemotions?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Somestronguncontrolledforceswhichtriggeremotions.

B.Internalprocessessuchasillnesses,happiness,anger,etc.

C.Externalhappeningssuchasdeaths,divorce,promotions,etc.

D.Externalenvironmentaleventsaswellasinternalmentalprocesses.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.emotionsaretheresultsofphysiologicalreactionsbasedonexternalevents

B.excitementandfeararecommonlyseenhumanemotions

C.physiologicalchangesdetermineallhumanactions

D.environmentaloccurrencesarerelatedwithmentalthinking

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Emotionsareaccompaniedbysomecertainbehaviors.

B.Emotionsarecombinationsofsubjectivefeelings.

C.Extremeemotionalreactionsarethefeaturesofemotionalcognitivethought.

D.Emotionaloccurrencesarealsotheprocessesofmentalthinking.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.varyfrompersontoperson

B.followmoreorlessthesamepatterns

C.keepchanginginconsistently

D.aregeneticallyinherited

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheytrytoplacetheirresearchonamanageablebasis.

B.Becausetheretoomanyemotionstorecognize.

C.Becauseeachemotionrepresentsadifferentimplication.

D.Becausetherearesomesecondaryemotions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】61.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段Emotionsaregenerallytriggeredbyenvironmentalevents...However,internalprocesses,suchasimagery,canalsoinitiateemotionalreactions.（情緒通常是由環(huán)境事件觸發(fā)的。憤怒、快樂(lè)和悲傷通常是對(duì)一系列外部事件的反應(yīng)。然而，內(nèi)部過(guò)程，如意象，也可以啟動(dòng)情感反應(yīng)。）通過(guò)這句話可知情感是由外在和內(nèi)在兩大因素引起的。因此D選項(xiàng)“外部環(huán)境事件和內(nèi)部心理過(guò)程”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一些強(qiáng)烈的不受控制的力量會(huì)引發(fā)情緒”，是文章對(duì)emotions所下的定義，而非產(chǎn)生和影響emotions的因素；B選項(xiàng)“內(nèi)在過(guò)程，如疾病、快樂(lè)、憤怒等”以及C選項(xiàng)“外部事件，如死亡、離婚、晉升等”只是產(chǎn)生情感的一個(gè)方面，不能完整概括情感產(chǎn)生的全部因素，因此錯(cuò)誤。

62.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段最后Forexample,asuddenfallingsensationwillinitiatephysiologicalchanges.Thesechangeswouldbeinterpretedonthebasisofthesituationinwhichtheyoccur,exhilarationorexcitementofbungeejumping;fearoffallingfromaledge.（例如，突然的下降感覺(jué)會(huì)引發(fā)生理變化。這些變化將根據(jù)它們發(fā)生的情況加以解釋。蹦極的興奮；害怕從窗臺(tái)上掉下來(lái)。）這部分舉例蹦極所產(chǎn)生的興奮以及從懸崖處掉下來(lái)產(chǎn)生的恐懼感說(shuō)明了外部環(huán)境對(duì)生理產(chǎn)生了變化，然后表現(xiàn)出人類諸如興奮和恐懼這樣的結(jié)果，因此A選項(xiàng)“情緒是基于外部事件的生理反應(yīng)的結(jié)果”正確。B選項(xiàng)“興奮和恐懼是常見(jiàn)的人類情緒”是自然常識(shí)，同文章主題思想沒(méi)有關(guān)系；C選項(xiàng)“生理變化決定了人類的一切行為”以及D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境事件與心理思考有關(guān)”文章中未提及。

63.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。C選項(xiàng)“極端情緒反應(yīng)是情緒認(rèn)知思維的特征”在第四段Extremeemotionalresponsesarefrequentlyusedasanexplanationforinappropriatethoughtsoractions（極端的情緒反應(yīng)經(jīng)常被用來(lái)解釋不恰當(dāng)?shù)南敕ɑ蛐袨椋┑撬菍?duì)原文的曲解，因此是不符合原文的，當(dāng)選。A選項(xiàng)“情緒伴隨著某些特定的行為”出現(xiàn)在第五段Emotionsalsohaveassociatedbehaviors.（情緒也有相關(guān)的行為。）因此A選項(xiàng)是文章中有提及的；B選項(xiàng)“情感是主觀感受的組合”在第六段Finally,andmostimportantly,emotionsinvolvesubjectivefeelings.（最后，也是最重要的，情感包含主觀感受。）也是文章提到的；D選項(xiàng)“情感事件也是心理思考的過(guò)程”在第四段Emotionsgenerally,althoughnotnecessarily,areaccompaniedbythinking.（情感通常，雖然不一定，是伴隨著思考的。）可以得出D選項(xiàng)是文章提到的。

64.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第六段的第三四句話Grief,joy,anger,jealousyandfearfeelverydifferentfromoneanother．Thesesubjectivelydeterminedfeelingsaretheessenceofemotion.（悲傷、喜悅、憤怒、嫉妒和恐懼彼此感覺(jué)非常不同。這些主觀決定的感受是情感的本質(zhì)。）可以推斷出雖然悲傷、歡樂(lè)、生氣、嫉妒以及恐懼各有不同的感受，但是這些主觀的感受都是情感的基本要素，因此B選項(xiàng)“或多或少遵循相同的模式”正確。A選項(xiàng)“因人而異”；C選項(xiàng)“不斷改變不一致”以及D選項(xiàng)“基因遺傳”都與原文不符。

65.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第八段第三句話Therefore，itisnotsurprisingthatresearchershaveattemptedtocategorizeortypeemotionsintomoremanageableclusters．（因此，研究人員試圖將情緒分類或歸類到更易于管理的集群中也就不足為奇了。）根據(jù)這句話可以得知A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)噲D把研究放在易于管理的基礎(chǔ)上”正確。B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)橛刑嗟那楦行枰R(shí)別”，文章沒(méi)有提到；C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槊糠N情緒都代表著不同的含義”，文章沒(méi)有提及；D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)橛幸恍┐渭?jí)情緒”，在最后一段AccordingtoPlutchik,allotheremotionsaresecondaryemotionsandrepresentcombinationsofthesebasiccategories.Forexample,delightisacombinationofsurpriseandjoy,andcontemptiscomposedofdisgustandanger.（根據(jù)Plutchik的觀點(diǎn)，所有其他情緒都是次級(jí)情緒，代表這些基本類別的組合。例如，喜悅是驚奇和喜悅的組合，輕蔑是厭惡和憤怒的組合。），可見(jiàn)所有其他情緒都是刺激情緒，因此D選項(xiàng)與最后一段的內(nèi)容不符。

12.填空題

YesterdayIwent（1）adrinkwiththreeCanadiangeologistswhocametohearmypresentation.It（2）outthatwehaveanumberofresearchinterestsin（3）,sowe（4）thepossibilityofworkingtogether,usingnewmaterialfromsitesinCanadaandChina.

【答案】for;turned;common;discussed

【解析】句意:昨天我和三個(gè)過(guò)來(lái)聽(tīng)我報(bào)告的加拿大地質(zhì)學(xué)家一起喝酒。發(fā)現(xiàn)我們?cè)谘芯颗d趣上有很多相同點(diǎn)，所以我們探討共同工作的可能性，使用來(lái)自加拿大和中國(guó)地皮上的新材料。

1.固定搭配。goforadrink出去喝點(diǎn)。

2.固定搭配。Itturnsoutthat...結(jié)果是…,這里應(yīng)該用過(guò)去式turned。

3.固定搭配。havesth.incommon有相同之處。

4.語(yǔ)義題。句意推測(cè)為:所以我們探討共同工作的可能性。

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Islifetodaymoredangerousthanitusedtobe?Itcertainlyseemsthatway.LastweektheentireMetrosysteminWashingtonhadtoclosedownbecausesomeonemightbeblownontothetracksduringahurricane.ThisweekchildreninWashingtonwerenotallowedtogotoschoolforawholedaybecausestreetswereblockedbyfallentreesandpowerlines,andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.

Aftersomeseriousaircrashes,thousandsofpeopleinthiscountrysworeoffairplanesandbegandrivingcars.Infact,thenumberofdeathsonU.S.highwaysinatypicalyearismorethandoublethenumberofpeoplewhohavediedinallcommercialairplaneaccidentsinthepast40years.Bytakingtheprecautionofnotflying,manypeopledied.

Therearesomeclearpsychologicalexplanationsforsomeofthis.Itisafact,forexample,thatpeoplefearman-madedisasters(terrorism)farmorethantheyfearnaturaldisasters(hurricanes,snowstorms),evenwhenthelatteraremoredangerous.Equallyillogical,peoplearealsomoreafraidofthingstheydonotcontrol,whichiswhydrivingacardoesfeelsaferthanflyinginanairplane.Finally—althoughIhavenoproof—peoplearedisproportionatelyfrightenedbythingstheyreadaboutinthenewspaper.Bycontrast,theyaredisproportionatelywillingtodiscounttheevidenceoftheirownexperience.Ifyoulookaroundyourneighborhood,you’llnoticethatthewaterisclean—whichitwouldn’tnecessarilyhavebeen100yearsago—andthatthefoodisn’trottenorstale.Mostchildrenaren’tdyingyoung.Mostadultsaren’tdyinginmiddleage.

LifeisfarsaferandlastsmuchlongerfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhasforjustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory.Butnowthatwe’veeliminatedmostofthethingsthatthehumanraceoncefeared,we’vejustinventednewonestoreplacethem.

1.ChildreninWashingtonarenotallowedtogotoschoolforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT________.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatthepreviousgeneration________.

3.Itisindicatedinthepassagethatinthepast________.

4.Theauthorbelievesthat________.

5.Thetoneoftheauthorinwritingthepassageis________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fallentrees

B.fallenpowerlines

C.acominghurricane

D.brokentrafficlights

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.knewbetterhowtoavoiddanger

B.livedinalessdangerousworld

C.wasbetteratprotectingthemselves

D.waslessfussyaboutdangers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.lifewasmoreenjoyable

B.waterwaslesscleanandfresh

C.foodswereofbettertasteandquality

D.streetsweresaferforchildrentocross

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.peopleareoverreactingtodangersnowadays

B.peoplehavegoodreasonstofearthedangerstoday

C.flyingismoredangerousaftersomeseriousaircrashes

D.childrenshouldbebetterprotectedagainstdangers

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.complaining

B.depressing

C.factual

D.ironic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“ChildreninWashington”定位到原文第一段第三句ThisweekchildreninWashingtonwerenotallowedtogotoschoolforawholedaybecausestreetswereblockedbyfallentreesandpowerlines,andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.（這周居住在華盛頓地區(qū)的孩子一整天都不準(zhǔn)去學(xué)校，因?yàn)榈缆繁淮档沟牡臉?shù)還有電線桿封住了，而且一些十字路口的交通信號(hào)燈壞了），從這里可以看出孩子不準(zhǔn)去學(xué)校的原因是因?yàn)榇档沟臉?shù)和電線桿以及壞掉的燈，這里選擇的是不屬于停學(xué)的原因，所以A選項(xiàng)“倒在路邊的大樹(shù)”，B“倒在路邊的電線桿”，D“壞掉的交通信號(hào)燈”排除；而且第一段第二句話LastweektheentireMetrosysteminWashingtonhadtoclosedownbecausesomeonemightbeblownontothetracksduringahurricane.（上周華盛頓整個(gè)地鐵系統(tǒng)都不得不被關(guān)閉，因?yàn)槟承┤嗽谂_(tái)風(fēng)來(lái)襲時(shí)可能會(huì)被吹到軌道里），從這里可以看出臺(tái)風(fēng)在上周就來(lái)了，不可能到了這周還是一個(gè)將要來(lái)（coming）的狀態(tài)，所以答案是C選項(xiàng)“即將到來(lái)的龍卷風(fēng)”。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“previousgeneration”定位到文章第一段最后一句話Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.（前面一代人可能會(huì)走過(guò)大樹(shù)倒地的街道，然后在穿過(guò)馬路的時(shí)候看看兩邊會(huì)不會(huì)有車，但是這一代年輕人顯然生活在一個(gè)更危險(xiǎn)的世界，我們需要提供保護(hù)）以及最后一段第一句話LifeisfarsaferandlastsmuchlongerfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhasforjustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory.（我們生活在更加安全的世界并且對(duì)于普通美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，我們會(huì)比人類歷史上任何時(shí)代里的任何人都要活的更久。），這兩句話相對(duì)應(yīng)我們就可以知道并不是B選項(xiàng)“以前人們生活的時(shí)代更加愜意”，也不是C選項(xiàng)“他們更懂得保護(hù)自己或更懂得避險(xiǎn)”，而是以前的人們不那么在意風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的存在。所以答案是D選項(xiàng)“街道更加安全，行人可以更加放心地通過(guò)”。A選項(xiàng)“我們的前一代人更知道怎么避險(xiǎn)”文章沒(méi)有提及。

第3題:主旨大意題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“inthepast”定位到文章第三段最后兩句話“Ifyoulookaroundyourneighborhood,you’llnoticethatthewaterisclean—whichitwouldn’tnecessarilyhavebeen100yearsago—andthatthefoodisn’trottenorstale.Mostchildrenaren’tdyingyoung.Mostadultsaren’tdyinginmiddleage.（環(huán)顧四周，你會(huì)注意到水是清澈的——這在一百年前是不可能的，食物是新鮮的。大部分孩子不會(huì)夭折。很多成年人也不會(huì)在壯年的時(shí)候去世）”在過(guò)去——食物可能不新鮮，水也不會(huì)比現(xiàn)在清澈，所以B選項(xiàng)“水不那么清澈新鮮”正確，C“食物更加可口”錯(cuò)誤；A選項(xiàng)“生活更加愜意”文中并沒(méi)有提及所以排除；根據(jù)最后一段第一句話LifeisfarsaferandlastsmuchlongerfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhasforjustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory.（我們生活在更加安全的世界并且對(duì)于普通美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，我們會(huì)比人類歷史上任何時(shí)代里的任何人都要活的更久。），D選項(xiàng)“過(guò)去的街道會(huì)比現(xiàn)在的要安全”這種說(shuō)法文章中沒(méi)有提及。

第4題:推理判斷題。由題干，我們定位到文章第二段第二，三，四句話Itisafact,forexample,thatpeoplefearman-madedisasters(terrorism)farmorethantheyfearnaturaldisasters(hurricanes,snowstorms),evenwhenthelatteraremoredangerous.Equallyillogical,peoplearealsomoreafraidofthingstheydonotcontrol,whichiswhydrivingacardoesfeelsaferthanflyinginanairplane.Finally—althoughIhavenoproof—peoplearedisproportionatelyfrightenedbythingstheyreadaboutinthenewspaper.（這是事實(shí)，例如，人們對(duì)人為災(zāi)害（恐怖主義）的恐懼遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)對(duì)自然災(zāi)害（颶風(fēng)、暴風(fēng)雪）的恐懼，即使后者更為危險(xiǎn)。同樣不合邏輯的是，人們也更害怕他們無(wú)法控制的東西，這就是為什么開(kāi)車確實(shí)感覺(jué)比坐飛機(jī)更安全。最后——盡管我沒(méi)有證據(jù)——人們會(huì)被報(bào)紙上讀到的東西嚇壞。）從文章中的illogical（不符合邏輯的），disproportionately（不成比例的）兩個(gè)詞可知，作者認(rèn)為人們對(duì)危險(xiǎn)的反應(yīng)有點(diǎn)過(guò)激，其實(shí)沒(méi)有充足的理由來(lái)害怕這些，所以A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)危險(xiǎn)的反應(yīng)過(guò)激”正確，B選項(xiàng)“人們有充足的理由害怕這些”錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“在飛機(jī)失事后乘飛機(jī)出行變得更加危險(xiǎn)”，飛機(jī)失事的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并不會(huì)因?yàn)槌霈F(xiàn)了事故而增加或者降低，出現(xiàn)事故后增加的只是人們的憂慮；根據(jù)最后一段第一句話LifeisfarsaferandlastsmuchlongerfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhasforjustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory.（我們生活在更加安全的世界并且對(duì)于普通美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，我們會(huì)比人類歷史上任何時(shí)代里的任何人都要活的更久。），作者是認(rèn)為世界更加安全的，所以孩子不需要額外增加保護(hù)的，D選項(xiàng)“孩子們應(yīng)該更好的保護(hù)起來(lái)從而對(duì)抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”錯(cuò)誤。

第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)“抱怨”；B選項(xiàng)“壓抑”；C選項(xiàng)“真實(shí)”；D選項(xiàng)“諷刺”。根據(jù)題意我們定位到文章第一段最后第一句話butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.（但這一代的孩子顯然生活在一個(gè)更加危險(xiǎn)的世界里，我們需要保護(hù)他們）和最后一段第一句話LifeisfarsaferandlastsmuchlongerfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhasforjustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory.（我們生活在更加安全的世界并且對(duì)于普通美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，我們會(huì)比人類歷史上任何時(shí)代里的任何人都要活的更久。）這里對(duì)比，如果按照正常的邏輯考慮，作者的話是前后矛盾的，所以作者的語(yǔ)氣是諷刺的，答案選D。

14.單選題

We（）thatweareunabletoattendthereceptionon18September.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.regret

B.sympathize

C.beg

D.apologize

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞的用法。A選項(xiàng)regret“感到遺憾，惋惜，后悔”，B選項(xiàng)sympathize“同情，贊同，支持”，C選項(xiàng)beg“懇求，祈求，哀求”，D選項(xiàng)apologize“道歉，謝罪，認(rèn)錯(cuò)”。句意：很抱歉我們不能參加9月18日的招待會(huì)。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.單選題

Ifagirl’seyes（

）whenshelooksatyou,itmeanssheisinterestedinyou.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.glitter

B.sparkle

C.flash

D.flicker

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。glitter意為“閃爍，閃現(xiàn)(某種強(qiáng)烈情感)”；sparkle意為“閃耀，閃爍”；flash意為“使閃光，使閃爍”，帶有“興奮、喜悅、高興之色”，指快速地發(fā)出強(qiáng)光；flicker意為“閃爍”，指閃出不太強(qiáng)的光。

句意：如果一個(gè)女孩看著你，她的眼睛放光，意思是她對(duì)你感興趣。

16.單選題

Asthemanagerwasawayonabusinesstrip,Iwasaskedto（

）theweeklystaffmeeting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preside

B.introduce

C.chair

D.dominate

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:因?yàn)榻?jīng)理在外出差，我被要求一周一次的員工會(huì)議。

preside主持，擔(dān)任會(huì)議主席,后面一般接介詞over;introduce介紹；chair擔(dān)任會(huì)議的主持;dominate控制；支配,故選C。

17.單選題

Itisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin（

）populatedareas.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.densely

B.intensely

C.abundantly

D.highly

【答案】A

【解析】densely濃密地，密集地；intensely強(qiáng)烈地，緊張地，熱情地；abundantly豐富地，大量地；highly高度地；非常。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為住在小城鎮(zhèn)的人似乎比住在人口稠密地區(qū)的人更友好。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

18.單選題

Thehospitalisnowdiscounting10standardoperations,________havingababytoundergoingaheartbypass.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rangingfrom

B.covering

C.consistingof

D.comprising

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)“從……到……”；B選項(xiàng)“覆蓋，包含”；C選項(xiàng)“包括，組成”；D選項(xiàng)“包括”。句意：這家醫(yī)院現(xiàn)在不考慮（做）10種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手術(shù)，（）接生到心臟搭橋手術(shù)。從句子關(guān)鍵詞“to”，選項(xiàng)中和to搭配的只有rangefrom...to；所以答案選A。consistof和comprise后面列舉的例子一般用and連接。

19.單選題

Ethologistsareconvincedthatmanyanimalssurvivethroughlearning—butlearningthatisindicatedbytheirgeneticprogramming,learningasthoroughlyasthemost______instinctiveofbehavioralresponses.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stereotyped

B.superseded

C.transient

D.incompatible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)stereotyped“刻板的，老一套的”，B項(xiàng)superseded“作廢的，被取代的”，C項(xiàng)transient“短暫的，路過(guò)的”，D項(xiàng)incompatible“不相容的，矛盾的”。句子前部分說(shuō)的是“動(dòng)物行為學(xué)家相信，許多動(dòng)物是通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)生存下來(lái)的，但這種學(xué)習(xí)是由它們的遺傳程序決定的”，結(jié)合后面的instinctiveofbehavioralresponses（本能的行為反應(yīng)）可推，空格處填入的修飾詞應(yīng)該是“刻板的”，A項(xiàng)符合。句意：動(dòng)物行為學(xué)家相信，許多動(dòng)物是通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)生存下來(lái)的，但這種學(xué)習(xí)是由它們的遺傳程序決定的，學(xué)習(xí)就像最刻板的本能行為反應(yīng)一樣徹底。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

20.單選題

Ihappenedtobecaughtinashower.Itwasjustacoupleofminutes（）Iwaswetthrough.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.before

B.since

C.that

D.until

【答案】A

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。A選項(xiàng)before“在……之前”，說(shuō)明兩個(gè)時(shí)間或兩個(gè)事件之間的先后關(guān)系，句子一般用過(guò)去時(shí)，例如：Shedidn’tunderstandmebeforeIexplainedittoher.（在我向她解釋之前，她不理解我的意思。）；B選項(xiàng)since“自……以來(lái)”，通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，例如：Heleftthevillagein1982andIhaven’tseenhimsincethen.（1982年他離開(kāi)這個(gè)村子，從那以后，我沒(méi)再見(jiàn)過(guò)他。）；C選項(xiàng)that“那個(gè)”，做代詞或引導(dǎo)從句，這里在名詞后應(yīng)該引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句或者同位語(yǔ)從句，在此題中不適用，排除C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)until“直到……時(shí)候”，不符合句意，排除D選項(xiàng)。句意：我碰巧遇上陣雨了。只過(guò)了幾分鐘我就渾身濕透了。綜上所述，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

21.單選題

Superstitionisabiasedword.Lookupalmostanydictionarydefinitionandyouwillseethatitimpliesthateveryreligionnotbasedonreasonorknowledgeiscalledasuperstition.Eventhewordknowledgeisatwo-facedword.Presumably,itisusedasasynonymforreason.Whatitallcomesdowntoisthatpeopledesignateassuperstitiouswhattheydonotthinkreasonableinsomeoneelse’sreli