考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京石油化工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京石油化工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

（）itornot,Manchesterwasthehomeofthemostproductivecottonmillsintheworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Believe

B.Believing

C.Tobelieve

D.Believed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞用法。believeitornot其實(shí)是口語(yǔ)里常用的句子，是個(gè)省略的句子，完整表達(dá)為(Whetheryou)believeitornot。A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thesecondmajorcauseofthechangesinculturalpolicythatwearewitnessingatthepresenttimeistheradicaltransformationoftheeconomicenvironmentinwhichculturalgoodsareproduced,distributedandconsumed,broughtaboutbywhatislooselyreferredtoas"globalization".Thistermiswidelyusedinthecontemporarydiscoursetoidentifyaseriesofrelatedtrendsthatcanbeobservedineconomic,socialandgeopoliticalspheres.Essentially,globalizationcanbedefinedasthreephenomena:thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofresources,especiallycapitalandlabor,betweencountriesandregions;theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities,withincreasedcommercialopportunitiesforbothnationalandtransnationalcompanies;andtheinternationalizationofcommunications,leadingto,amongotherthings,thefreetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld.Therearebothtechnologicalandeconomiccausesunderlyingthesephenomena;thedigitalrevolution,theexplosionincomputationalpoweravailableacrossawiderangeofapplications,thegrowthoftheinternetandtheinventionofnewdevicesforcommunicationanddatatransmissionhavetogetherprovidedthetechnologicalimpetusforglobalization,whileitsoperationshavebeenenabledbyawidespreadacceptanceofneoliberaleconomicprinciplesasthebasisfornationalandinternationalpolicy-making.

Theeffectsofthesetrendsonartists,creativeworkers,commercialandnon-commercialfirmsproducinganddistributingculturalproducts,culturalagenciesandinstitutions,andconsumers,havebeenprofound.Tobeginwith,ontheproductionsidenewcommunicationstechnologistshavefosterednewformsofculturalexpressionandopenedupnewavenuesforculturalexchange.Atthecuttingedge,artistsworkinginnewmediaareexperimentingwithinnovativemethodsformakingartandcommunicatingittoconsumers;thesedevelopmentscanbelikenedtoR&Dactivitiesinindustry,giventhattheeventualpayoff(inbothartisticandcommercialterms)isuncertainbutcouldbesubstantial.ManuelCastellshasobservedthatthisnewtechnologicalenvironmentcanbedescribedasculturalinsofarasitsdynamicsaredependenton"thecultureofinnovation,onthecultureofrisk,onthecultureofexpectationsand.ultimately,onthecultureofhopeinthefuture."

Furthermore,newtechnologistshaveledtonewwaysforculturalproducerstocarryontheirbusinessoperations,throughimprovedinformationandmarketingservices,moreefficientmanagementsystems,andsoon.Forexample,museumsandgalleriesaredigitizingtheircollections,performinggroupsareadoptingelectronicticketing,andnewspapersarebeingmadeavailableon-line.Atthesametime,threatshaveemergedtotraditionalmodesofculturalproductionanddistribution,nowheremoreevidentthaninthemusicindustry,whereillegaldownloadsfromtheinternetcontinuetoaffecttherevenuestreamsofperformers,publishersandrecordcompanies.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassageisprobably（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingphenomenacloselyrelatedto"globalization"isNOTmentionedinthepassage?

3.Oneofthecausesunderlyingtheglobalizationtrendsisthat（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheeffectsofglobalizationonculturalindustry?

5.Thewordimpetusinparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.NewTrendsBroughtaboutbyGlobalization

B.TheCulturalCausesofGlobalization

C.TheEmergenceofGlobalization

D.GlobalizationandCulturalIndustry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofcapitalresources.

B.Theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities.

C.Thevanishingofculturaldiversity.

D.Thefreetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theuniversalacceptanceofneoliberaleconomicprinciples

B.thefreemovementoflaborresourcesacrosstheworld

C.theemergenceofmanytransnationalcompanies

D.thesupportofpolicy-makersacrosstheworld

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theeffectsofglobalizationonartistsandcreativeworkershavebeenmoreprofoundthanonculturalagenciesandinstitutions.

B.Itthreatensthetraditionalmodesofculturalproductionanddistribution.

C.Museumsandgalleriescandisplayandselltheirdigitizedcollections.

D.Downloadsfromtheinternetcontinuetoaffecttherevenuestreamsofperformers,publishersandrecordcompanies.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.impede

B.fuel

C.impact

D.impeachment

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨題。縱觀全文，文章主要提到了在全球化的環(huán)境給文化產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來(lái)了一些影響，全球化對(duì)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)在構(gòu)成一定的威脅和挑戰(zhàn)。所以文章內(nèi)容主要是圍繞全球化和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)展開(kāi)的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Essentially,globalizationcanbedefinedasthreephenomena:thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofresources,especiallycapitalandlabor,betweencountriesandregions;theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities,withincreasedcommercialopportunitiesforbothnationalandtransnationalcompanies;andtheinternationalizationofcommunications,leadingto,amongotherthings,thefreetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld.”，可知文中提到的全球化帶來(lái)現(xiàn)象包括thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofresources“打破資源流動(dòng)的障礙”，theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities“許多商品在全球市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)”，freetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld“文化符號(hào)和信息的自由傳播”，所以只有文化的多樣性沒(méi)有提及。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Therearebothtechnologicalandeconomiccausesunderlyingthesephenomena…whileitsoperationshavebeenenabledbyawidespreadacceptanceofneoliberaleconomicprinciplesasthebasisfornationalandinternationalpolicy-making.”，可知這些現(xiàn)象的背后既有技術(shù)原因，也有經(jīng)濟(jì)原因，而只有新自由主義經(jīng)濟(jì)原則作為國(guó)家和國(guó)際決策的基礎(chǔ)得到廣泛接受，才能使全球化成為可能。所以造成全球化趨勢(shì)的原因之一是新自由主義經(jīng)濟(jì)原則的普遍接受。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，“Theeffectsofthesetrendsonartists…h(huán)avebeenprofound.”，可知對(duì)于全球化對(duì)各方面的影響沒(méi)有進(jìn)行對(duì)比。選項(xiàng)A不符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Forexample,museumsandgalleriesaredigitizingtheircollections”，可知博物館和畫廊正在把他們的收藏品數(shù)字化，所以并沒(méi)有提到displayandsell，選項(xiàng)C不符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“…threatshaveemergedtotraditionalmodesofculturalproductionanddistribution,nowheremoreevidentthaninthemusicindustry,whereillegaldownloadsfromtheinternetcontinuetoaffecttherevenuestreamsofperformers,publishersandrecordcompanies.”，可知來(lái)自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的非法下載繼續(xù)對(duì)演員、出版商和唱片公司的收入來(lái)源造成影響。選項(xiàng)D并未提到下載是非法還是合法的，不符合文意，可排除。同時(shí)根據(jù)此句，可知傳統(tǒng)的文化生產(chǎn)和傳播方式受到了威脅。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.詞義理解題。impede“妨礙”；fuel“燃料，刺激因素”；impact“影響，撞擊”；impeachment“彈劾，控告”。句意：為全球化提供技術(shù)動(dòng)力。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.Somearepets,whichofferhimcompanion-ship;somegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.Dogs,whichservemaninallthreecapacities,arefoundinvariousbreedsinallcountriesoftheworld.TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.Theinhabitantsofcertaincountriesaredependentfortheirverylivesonthecamel.IntheWestIndiesthelittledonkey,strongandsure-footed,carryingheavyloadseveninmountainousplaces,isafamiliarsight.

Trainedandtamedformanygenerations,domesticanimalsarenotaccustomedtoroa-minginsearchoffoodandshelter.Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.

Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.Itmustbesuitableforthem,sufficientinquantity，freshandclean.Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistlessanddull.Thequantityoffoodde-pendsonthesizeoftheanimalandtheamountofexerciseittakes.Overfeedingisasbadasunderfeeding.Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.

Evenwellcaredanimalsmaysometimesfallill.Ifthishappens,thewisemasterseeksthebestadvicehecanget.Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickani-mals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.Useful,friendly，hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime，moneyandat-tentionspentontheirhealth.

1.Whatmainideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Whenananimalisunderfed,itwillprobably（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofdogsaccordingtothepassage?

4.Tokeepadomesticanimalphysicallyfit,itsownerisadvised（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbebestTITLEforthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thereexiststhousandsofspeciesofanimalsintheworld.

B.Mancametoestablishacloserelationshipwithanumberofanimals.

C.Insomeregionsadonkeyseemstobeaveryusefulbeast.

D.Ananimalwillbeuselessunlessdomesticated.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.refusetoobeyitsmaster

B.immediatelyfallill

C.requireitsmastertooffersomefood

D.seekforfoodonitsown

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theycanactasfriends,guards,andservantstoman.

B.Theyhavegreatadaptationfortheenvironment.

C.Thereliveagreatvarietyofbreedsofdogsontheglobe.

D.TheHuskyandtheSalukiarethestrongestbreedeverknownintheworld.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.nottohesitatetospendenormousamountofmoneyonit

B.topayattentiontoitsproperfeeding

C.nottoallowittotakeexcessiveamountsofexercise

D.tojoinsomesortofpet-keepingorganizations

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.DomesticatedAnimals—Man’sBestFriend

B.ProperDiet—theRoadtoHealth

C.TheAdvantagesofRaisingDomesticAnimals

D.SomeTipsonPet-keeping

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】6.文章開(kāi)篇指出：Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber（世界上現(xiàn)存的動(dòng)物種類成千上萬(wàn)，人類和其中很大一部分成為朋友）。據(jù)此可知，B項(xiàng)正確。

7.根據(jù)文中第二段：Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.（家養(yǎng)的動(dòng)物指望主人給它們提供需要的東西，只要這些需要滿足了，他們就會(huì)聽(tīng)從主人）。據(jù)此可以推測(cè)，A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

8.根據(jù)D選項(xiàng)中的HuskyandtheSaluki定位至文中第一段：TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.文中并未提及這兩種犬是世界上已知的最強(qiáng)壯品種。據(jù)此可知，D項(xiàng)是不正確的。

9.根據(jù)第三段：Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood…Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.（所有家養(yǎng)的動(dòng)物都需要合適的食物……放置食物和水的容器必須定期清洗，這樣才能使動(dòng)物們保持健康。）據(jù)此可知，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

10.本文開(kāi)篇就點(diǎn)明了文章的主題，即世界上現(xiàn)存的動(dòng)物種類成千上萬(wàn)，人類和其中很大一部分成為朋友。而且這里說(shuō)的動(dòng)物主要是指家養(yǎng)的動(dòng)物，因此A項(xiàng)是本文的最佳標(biāo)題。

4.單選題

Theymanagedto（）theenemy’ssecrettelegramandthuswereabletowinthevictory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decompose

B.decode

C.enlighten

D.enclose

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Decompose“分解，腐爛”；decode“解密，破譯”；enlighten“啟示”；enclose“圍繞，裝入”。句意：他們?cè)O(shè)法破譯了敵人的密電，從而贏得了勝利。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Weliveinanincreasinglydeodorizedworld.Inrecentyears,lawshavebeenpassedprohibiting“offensive”bodyodorinpublicspacessuchaslibraries,aswellaspoliciesthatbanthewearingofscentedproductsorperfumestowork.Someofficeemployeesarenotevenallowedtobring“smelly”foodtowork.

Asuddenspateofscentedtechnologiespromisestoreversethetrendbysimulatingscentsforconsumers.Althoughscentedtechnologieshavebeenderidedasgimmicks,failinginboththesmellandtechnologycategories,they’reproofthatsomethingisliterallyintheairanditmightevensmelllikerosesemanatingfromawristwatchtotellyouthatit’s3o’clock.

MoresophisticatedandambitiousistheoPhone(“o”for“olfactory”).DevelopedbyHarvardengineeringprofessorDavidEdwards,alongwithhisstudentsRachelFieldandAmyYinandahandfulofdesignersandartistsatLeLaboratoirethinktankinParis,theoPhone,initsrealizedstate,willallowuserstosendthescentequivalentofsentencesandparagraphs,thankstooChipsthatcanproducehundredsandeventually,thousandsofodorsignals.Thesequencingcouldcreateanewlanguageofthenose.TheoPhonewillbecommerciallyavailableinthefuture.

Scentedtechnologieshavetheirdetractors.Anti-techfolksseethesetechnologiesaspartofanongoingefforttoalienateusfromenjoyinganunmediatedrelationtoreality.(Stopandsmelltherosesonarosebush,theywouldsay,notthesimulated,rose-scentpuffingfromyourphone.)Andthentherearethetechpuristswhoseemtomeasurethedevicesonlyintermsoftheirconventionalutility.Describinganearlyscentedtechnologythatlostfundingthe2001Digiscents’iSmell,whichwassupposedtoconnecttoyourPC’sUSBporttoprovideanolfactorydimensiontotheInternetexperience,awriterforCnameditoneofthe50worstfailsintechhistory,claiming,“Wecan’tseewhyanyonewouldneedoneofthesefatalflaws:Ridiculousconcept.”

Butperhapsratherthanseeingattemptsaddingscenttotechnologyasasignofourseparationfromreality,orcomplainingthattheydon’tfulfillanurgentneed,weshouldseetheseeffortsasarapprochementbetweentechnologyandsmell,andatriumphforourolfactorysensethatsomewouldrepress.Freeyournoseandyourmindwillfollow.

46.Whichofthefollowinghasgotlegislativeattentionaccordingtothepassage?

47.Accordingtothepassage,scentedtechnology______.

48.Accordingtothepassage,thenoveltyofoPhoneisthat______.

49.Accordingtothepassage,someopposedtothescentedtechnologiesfortheythink______.

50.Accordingtothepassage,whatwouldbetheattitudeofthewritertoscentedtechnologies?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Smellyfood

B.Scentedproducts

C.Offensivebodyodor

D.Peoplewearingperfumes

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hasnotbeenofficiallycategorized

B.hasdonesomethingintheair

C.isnotregardedasanewtechnology

D.isregardedassomethingmysterious

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.odorsignalswillberecorded

B.noselanguagewillbecreated

C.engineeringandartareunited

D.scentequivalenceareinvented

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereisadangertolosefunding

B.peopleprefertoliveconventionally

C.rosescentmaynevercomeoutofphones

D.peoplemaylosechancetoenjoyrealitydirectly

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Optimistic

B.Realistic

C.Romantic

D.Indifferent

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】46.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干的意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)受到法律關(guān)注？”。第一段提到Inrecentyears,lawshavebeenpassedprohibiting“offensive”bodyodorinpublicspacessuchaslibraries,aswellaspoliciesthatbanthewearingofscentedproductsorperfumestowork.Someofficeemployeesarenotevenallowedtobring“smelly”foodtowork.（最近幾年，政府通過(guò)了一些法律，禁止在圖書館等公共場(chǎng)所散發(fā)“令人厭惡的”體臭，還出臺(tái)了一些政策，禁止在上班時(shí)使用有香味的產(chǎn)品或香水。有些辦公室員工甚至不允許帶“有味道”的食物去上班），由此可知，受到法律禁止和關(guān)注的是offensivebodyodor，其他選項(xiàng)雖然有提及，但是只是一些政策，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

47.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干的意思是“氣味技術(shù)是怎樣的？”。從第二段第二句話中failinginboththesmellandtechnologycategories（嗅覺(jué)和技術(shù)都不過(guò)關(guān)），可以得知?dú)馕都夹g(shù)并沒(méi)有被正式的定位它的類別，它在氣味和技術(shù)行業(yè)類別中都沒(méi)有得到認(rèn)可；B項(xiàng)“對(duì)空氣做了點(diǎn)什么”，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)是通過(guò)一些氣味信號(hào)來(lái)使人感覺(jué)到氣味，沒(méi)有對(duì)空氣做什么；C項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有被視為一種新科技”，文中只是說(shuō)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)被認(rèn)為是玩笑，但是有研究團(tuán)隊(duì)研究；D項(xiàng)“被視為某種神秘的東西”，沒(méi)有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

48.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干的意思是“oPhone的新穎之處在哪里？”。從第三段倒數(shù)第二句Thesequencingcouldcreateanewlanguageofnose（氣味信號(hào)的排序可以創(chuàng)造一門新的鼻子語(yǔ)言），可以看出oPhone可以創(chuàng)造出一種鼻子語(yǔ)言；題干問(wèn)“oPhone的新穎之處是什么”，A項(xiàng)“氣味信號(hào)將被記錄”、C項(xiàng)“工程和藝術(shù)是統(tǒng)一的”和D項(xiàng)“發(fā)明了氣味等效”均不是它的新穎之處，所以B選項(xiàng)最符合題意。

49.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干的意思是“這些對(duì)氣味技術(shù)持反對(duì)的人認(rèn)為……？”。根據(jù)第四段第二句Anti-techfolksseethesetechnologiesaspartofanongoingefforttoalienateusfromenjoyinganunmediatedrelationtoreality.（反對(duì)者們認(rèn)為這樣的技術(shù)將會(huì)把我們與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界隔離）；可知反對(duì)者認(rèn)為人們會(huì)直接脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)。A項(xiàng)“失去資金的危險(xiǎn)”沒(méi)有提到，B項(xiàng)“人們更喜歡傳統(tǒng)的生活”，文中只提到Andthentherearethetechpuristswhoseemtomeasurethedevicesonlyintermsoftheirconventionalutility.（一些技術(shù)純粹主義者，他們似乎只根據(jù)這些設(shè)備的傳統(tǒng)用途來(lái)衡量它們），沒(méi)有提及傳統(tǒng)生活；C項(xiàng)“玫瑰香味從來(lái)不會(huì)從手機(jī)里面?zhèn)鞒鰜?lái)”，根據(jù)句子Stopandsmelltherosesonarosebush,theywouldsay,notthesimulated,rose-scentpuffingfromyourphone.（他們會(huì)說(shuō)，停下來(lái)，聞聞玫瑰叢上的玫瑰，而不是手機(jī)里模擬的玫瑰香味）可知，氣味技術(shù)是通過(guò)香味模擬而傳達(dá)氣味，反對(duì)者用玫瑰的例子只是來(lái)說(shuō)明人們會(huì)與現(xiàn)實(shí)脫離。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

50.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干的意思是“作者對(duì)這項(xiàng)氣味技術(shù)的態(tài)度是什么？”。最后一段指出But…,weshouldseetheseeffortsasarapprochementbetweentechnologyandsmell,andatriumphforourolfactorysensethatsomewouldrepress.Freeyournoseandyourmindwillfollow.（或許我們不應(yīng)該把氣味添加到技術(shù)中的嘗試看作是我們脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)的標(biāo)志，或者抱怨它們不能滿足我們的迫切需求，但是我們應(yīng)該把這些努力看作是對(duì)科技和氣味友好關(guān)系的建立，是被壓制的嗅覺(jué)的一種勝利；隨之而來(lái)的是你的鼻子和心靈的自由）；由這一段話可以得出作者對(duì)這樣的技術(shù)是持支持的態(tài)度，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Theperiodofhistorywhichiscommonlycalled“modern”hasamentaloutlookwhichdiffersfromthatofthemedievalperiodinmanyways.Ofthese,twoare（1）:thediminishingauthorityoftheChurch,andtheincreasingauthorityofscience.（2）,othersareconnected.Thecultureof（3）ismorelaythanclerical.StatesincreasinglyreplacetheChurchasthegovernmentalauthoritythatcontrolsculture.Thegovernmentofnationsis,atfirst,mainly（4）kings;then,asinancientGreece,thekingsaregraduallyreplacedbydemocraciesortyrants.ThepowerofthenationalState,andthefunctionsthatitperforms,（5）throughoutthewholeperiod(apartfromsomeminorfluctuations);butatmosttimestheStatehaslessinfluenceontheopinionsofphilosophersthantheChurch（6）intheMiddleAges.Thefeudalaristocracy,（7）,northoftheAlps,hasbeenable,tillthefifteenthcentury,toholditsownagainstcentralgovernments,losesfirstitspoliticalandthenitseconomicimportance.Itisreplacedbytheking（8）richmerchants;thesetwosharepowerindifferentproportionsindifferentcountries.Thereisatendencyfor（9）tobecomeabsorbedintothearistocracy.FromthetimeoftheAmericanandFrenchRevolutionsonwards,democracy,inthemodernsense,becomesanimportantpoliticalforce.Socialism,（10）democracybasedonprivateproperty,firstacquiresgovernmentalpowerin1917.Thisformofgovernment,however,ifitspreads,mustobviouslybringwithitanewformof（11）:theculturewithwhichweshallbeconcernedisinthemain“l(fā)iberal”,（12）,ofthekindmostnaturallyassociatedwithcommerce.（13）thereareimportantexceptions,especiallyinGermany;FichteandHegel,totaketwoexamples,haveanoutlookwhichistotallyunconnectedwithcommerce.But（14）arenottypicaloftheirage.

Therejectionofecclesiasticalauthority,whichisthenegativecharacteristicofthemodernage,beginsearlierthan（15）characteristic,whichistheacceptanceof（16）.IntheItalianRenaissance,scienceplayedaverysmallpart;theoppositiontotheChurch,inmen’sthoughts,wasconnectedwithantiquity,andlookedstilltothepast,buttoamoredistantpastthan（17）theearlyChurchandtheMiddleAges.Thefirstseriousirruptionof（18）wasthepublicationoftheCopemicantheoryin1543;but（19）didnotbecomeinfluentialuntilitwastakenupandimprovedbyKeplerandGalileointheseventeenthcentury.Thenbeganthelong（20）betweenscienceanddogma,inwhichtraditionalistsfoughtalosingbattleagainstnewknowledge.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreimportant

B.theleastimportant

C.lessimportant

D.themostimportant

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Withthesetwo

B.Ofthesetwo

C.Amongthese

D.Aboutthese

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.medievalperiod

B.Christiantime

C.moderntimes

D.scientifictime

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.inthehandsof

B.athandof

C.athandsof

D.inthehandof

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.growingsteady

B.growsteadily

C.growssteadily

D.growsteady

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.has

B.had

C.is

D.was

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.forwhich

C.which

D.what

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.inallegianceto

B.beingallergicto

C.inalliancewith

D.inallianceof

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.theking

B.theChurch

C.theAlps

D.therichmerchants

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.asopposingto

B.inoppositeto

C.asopposedto

D.inoppositionbetween

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.culture

B.government

C.democracy

D.socialism

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.however

B.furthermore

C.moreover

D.thatistosay

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.Forthis

B.Tothis

C.Atit

D.Byit

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.suchexamples

B.theseoutlooks

C.suchexceptions

D.thesetwofigures

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.thepositive

B.apositive

C.thepessimistic

D.apessimistic

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.churchauthority

B.scientificauthority

C.liberalism

D.socialism

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.thatof

B.thatin

C.of

D.in

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.thepublication

B.anauthority

C.science

D.atheory

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.thispublication

B.thistheory

C.theirruption

D.science

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.compromise

B.opposition

C.fight

D.period

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:B

第20題:C

【解析】（1）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格前一句，“whichdiffersfromthatofthemedievalperiodinmanyways”，可知現(xiàn)代的精神面貌在很多方面與中世紀(jì)不同，空格下文提到在這些方面中，有兩個(gè)方面應(yīng)該是最重要的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（2）固定搭配。根據(jù)空格后“connected”可知，題目考查固定搭配“beconnectedwith”，意為“和……聯(lián)系”，文意為其他方面與這兩個(gè)方面相互聯(lián)系。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（3）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格后的“ismorelaythanclerical”，可知這種文化是比教權(quán)主義更加世俗的。根據(jù)上文提到了這種文化是教會(huì)主義的削弱和科學(xué)權(quán)威的提升，可知應(yīng)該是指現(xiàn)代文化。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（4）固定搭配。根據(jù)空格前“Thegovernmentofnationsis”，可知起初，國(guó)家的政府主要由國(guó)王掌握管理。固定搭配“inthehandsof”意為“由……掌握”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（5）考查語(yǔ)法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，可排除A和D項(xiàng)。根據(jù)空格前的“performs”可知，句子應(yīng)該為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為“ThepowerofthenationalState,andthefunctions”，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用原形grow，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（6）語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)題意，可知國(guó)家對(duì)哲學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)的影響比中世紀(jì)教會(huì)帶來(lái)的影響更小，所以空格中提到的是中世紀(jì)教會(huì)的影響，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（7）語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)文章，“Thefeudalaristocracy…h(huán)asbeenable…toholditsownagainstcentralgovernments…”，可知空格前后兩句的關(guān)系為修飾關(guān)系，空格后一句是用來(lái)修飾空格前的“Thefeudalaristocracy”。兩句有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，可知空格所在的句子為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，由關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（8）固定搭配。inalliancewith“與……聯(lián)盟”，inallegianceto“獻(xiàn)身于”，beingallergicto“對(duì)是過(guò)敏的”；沒(méi)有固定搭配inallianceof。句意：取而代之的是，國(guó)王和富商聯(lián)盟。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（9）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格上文，“thesetwosharepowerindifferentproportionsindifferentcountries.”，這兩種階層在不同的國(guó)家有不同的權(quán)力。“thesetwo”是指國(guó)王和富商。根據(jù)空格后“tobecomeabsorbedintothearistocracy”，可知這類人有被吸收成為貴族階級(jí)的趨勢(shì)，所以這類人應(yīng)該是富商。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（10）固定搭配。asopposedto“與……截然相反，對(duì)照”；inoppositeto“反對(duì)，在……對(duì)面”；沒(méi)有搭配asopposingto；inoppositionbetween“在……間的對(duì)立面”。句意：社會(huì)主義與民主主義相反，民主主義是基于私有的民主，而社會(huì)主義在1917年首次獲得政府權(quán)利。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（11）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格后的theculture可知，上文應(yīng)該提到的是帶來(lái)一種新的文化形式，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（12）連詞詞義辨析。however“然而，可是”；furthermore“此外，而且”；moreover“而且，此外”；thatistosay“就是，換言之”。句意：我們所關(guān)心的的文化主要是“自由主義者”，換言之，就是自然而然地和商業(yè)聯(lián)系起來(lái)的一種文化。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（13）固定搭配?？崭窈蟮膃xceptions和介詞to構(gòu)成固定搭配，意為“針對(duì)……的例外情況”。句意：針對(duì)這種文化會(huì)與商業(yè)自然而然聯(lián)系起來(lái)的這種情況，也存在很多重要的例外，特別是在德國(guó)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（14）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，空格前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，空格前提到了文化不與商業(yè)聯(lián)系的例外情況，所以空格后句意應(yīng)為：這樣的例外在他們的年代并不典型。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（15）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格前，“whichisthenegativecharacteristicofthemodernage”，可知提到了現(xiàn)代的消極特征，那么與空格的“積極特征”形成對(duì)應(yīng)，消極特征比積極特征開(kāi)始得早得多。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（16）邏輯關(guān)系。空格前提到了否定教會(huì)的權(quán)威是現(xiàn)代的消極特征，根據(jù)空格后文提到的文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，科學(xué)發(fā)揮了重大作用，可知空格中指代“對(duì)科學(xué)權(quán)威的接受”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（17）語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)單詞than可知前后存在比較關(guān)系，用指示代詞that指代thepast，使前后具有可比性?？崭窈蟮脑缙诮烫煤椭惺兰o(jì)年代對(duì)that起限定修飾作用，所以用介詞of連接，使其充當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（18）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格后文“thepublicationoftheCopernicantheory”，可知哥白尼理論的發(fā)表是一種科學(xué)的介入。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（19）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，內(nèi)容形成對(duì)應(yīng)。空格前提到了哥白尼理論，空格后繼續(xù)闡述哥白尼理論直到17世紀(jì)被開(kāi)普勒和伽利略采用和改善才變得有影響力。所以空格指代哥白尼理論。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（20）名詞詞義辨析。compromise“妥協(xié)，折衷”；opposition“反對(duì)”；fight“斗爭(zhēng)”；period“周期，時(shí)期”。句意：這開(kāi)始了科學(xué)和教條之間的長(zhǎng)期斗爭(zhēng)，傳統(tǒng)主義在與新知識(shí)的戰(zhàn)斗中失敗了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Apetitionerbroughtabillinequitybeforethecourt.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.warrant

B.answer

C.document

D.complaint

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。Billinequity意思是“平衡法控訴書”，即一種訴狀；A選項(xiàng)warrant“證明，委任狀”；B選項(xiàng)answer“回答，答辯”；C選項(xiàng)document“文件，公文”；D選項(xiàng)complaint“抱怨”，也可以表示法律上的“控告”。句意：請(qǐng)?jiān)溉讼蚍ㄔ禾峤灰环萜胶夥卦V書。根據(jù)句意D項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Exactlyhowmanypeopleexperiencestress-relatedeatingisn'tknown,butastheobesity_______worsens,there'sgrowingscientificinterestinthetopic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peregrination

B.origination

C.epidemic

D.fragrance

【答案】C

【解析】peregrination游歷,旅行;origination起源;epidemic（風(fēng)尚等的）流行,傳染病;fragrance芬芳,香氣。句意：到底有多少人經(jīng)歷過(guò)在壓力下進(jìn)食還不清楚,但是隨著肥胖的流行越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重,人們對(duì)這個(gè)話題的科學(xué)興趣也越來(lái)越大。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

CharlesDarwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”iscreditedwithsparkingevolution’srevolutioninscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreat,accordingtotheArnoldarboretum’snewdirector.

WilliamFriedman,theArnoldProfessorofOrganismandEvolutionaryBiologywhotookoverasarboretumdirectorJan.1hasstudiedDarwin’swritingsaswellasthoseofhispredecessorsandcontemporaries.WhileDarwiniswidelycreditedasthefatherofevolution,Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch”thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtomollifythosewhodemandedcreditfortheirownearlierideas.

Thehistoricalsketchgrewwitheachsubsequentprinting,FriedmantoldanaudienceMonday(Jan.10)，until,bythe6thedition,34authorswerementionedinit.

Scholarsnowbelievethatsomewherebetween50and60authorshadbeatenDarwinintheirwritingsaboutevolution.IncludedwasDarwin’sgrandfather,ErasmusDarwin,aphysicianwhoirritatedclergymenwithhisinsistencethatlifearosefromlowerforms,specificallymollusks.

Friedman’stalk,“ADarwinianLookatDarwin’sEvolutionistAncestors，”tookplaceatthearboretum’sHunnewellBuildingandwasthefirstinanewDirector’sLectureSeries.

ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin’sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew,mostprominentlyAlfredWallace,whosewritingonthesubjectafteryearsinthefieldspurredDarwin’swritingof“OntheOriginofSpecies”.Althoughthebookrunsmorethan400pages,FriedmansaiditwasneverthebookonevolutionandnaturalselectionthatDarwinintended.In1856,threeyearsbeforethebookwaspublished,hebeganworkonadetailedtomeonnaturalselectionthatwouldn’tseepublicationuntil1975.

Theseminaleventincreating“OntheOriginofSpecies”occurredin1858,whenWallacewroteDarwindetailingWallace’sideasofevolutionbynaturalselection.ThearrivalofWallace’sideasgalvanizedDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan“abstract”oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.ThiswasaluckybreakforDarwin,becauseitforcedhimtowritehisideasinplainlanguage,whichledtoabookthatwasnotonlyrevolutionary,despitethosewho’dtreadsimilargroundbefore,butthatwasalsoveryreadable.

ThoughothersthoughtaboutevolutionbeforeDarwin,scientificdiscoveryrequiresmorethanjustanidea.Inadditiontotheconcept,discoveryrequirestheunderstandingofthesignificanceoftheidea，somethingsomeoftheearlierauthorsclearlydidnothave一suchasthearboristwhoburiedhisthoughtsonnaturalselectionintheappendixofabookonnavaltimber.Lastly,scientificdiscoverydemandstheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessofanidea.Darwin,through“OntheOriginofSpecies，”wastheonlythinkerofthetimewho