考研考博-英語-中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)涉外學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)涉外學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.填空題

Ahealthydietwithpropernutritionisessentialformaintaininggoodoverallhealth.（1）itwasdiscoveredearlierinthiscentury,peoplehaveroutinely

（2）takingsupplementsforthispurpose.TheRecommendedDietaryAllowance(RDA)isausednutritional

（3）

formaintainingoptimalhealth.TheRDAspecifiestherecommended

（4）ofanumberofnutrientsforpeople

（5）manydifferentageandsexgroups.TheNationalResearchCouncil’sCommitteeonDietandHealth（6）proposedadefinitionoftheRDAtobethatamountofanutrient

（7）meetstheneedsof98percentofthepopulation.TheRDAapproachhasanumberofshortcomings.First,itis

（8）

ontheassumptionthat

（9）ispossibletoaccuratelydefinenutritionalrequirementsforagivengroup.

（10），individualnutritional（11）canvarywidelywithineachgroup.Theefficiencywithwhichapersonconvertsfoodintake

（12）nutrientscanalsovarywidely.Certainfoodswheneatenincombinationactually

（13）theabsorptionofnutrients.Forexample,spinachcombinedwithmilkreducestheamountofcalciumavailabletothebody（14）

themilk.Also,theRDAapproachspecifiesadifferentdietaryrequirementforeachageand

（15）.

【答案】（1）since

（2）been

（3）guideline或reference

（4）intake

（5）of

（6）has

（7）which

（8）based

（9）it

（10）second

（11）needs

（12）into

（13）affect

（14）in

（15）sex

【解析】（1）語法題。空格所在句的主句部分是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行吋（表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始的某動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在），所以空格這是應(yīng)填寫一個(gè)連詞since表示時(shí)間的開始，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。

（2）語法題。根據(jù)上一題解析知道這里是完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，taking用的是現(xiàn)在分詞形式，根據(jù)固定搭配（主語）+助動(dòng)詞（have/has）+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他成分）知這里填寫been。

（3）句意分析題。根據(jù)該句句意“RecommendedDietaryAllowance（推薦膳食許可量）是保持最佳身體健康的”可知這里要填一個(gè)跟RDA對(duì)等的名詞，guideline或reference都可以。

（4）句意分析題。根據(jù)該句句意“針對(duì)不同年齡及性別的人們，RDA（推薦膳食許可量）列舉了一些營(yíng)養(yǎng)物的推薦攝入量。”‘?dāng)z入量’填寫intake。

（5）介詞用法。根據(jù)第4題的句意分析知這里句意是“針對(duì)不同年齡及性別的人們”，應(yīng)該填介詞of來構(gòu)成介詞短語作定語修飾前面的people。

（6）時(shí)態(tài)用法題。由上文可知本句也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，所以這里填寫has。

（7）語法題。根據(jù)句意和空格后動(dòng)詞確定這是一個(gè)從句，這里應(yīng)填一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞（指代前面的“amount”）來構(gòu)成一個(gè)后置定語從句修飾amount，修飾物可以填which或者that，但是前面的amount前有形容詞that，所以這里填寫which較為合適。

（8）固定搭配。bebasedon為固定用法，‘建立在…基礎(chǔ)上’。

（9）固定句式：it+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+that從句。it作形式主語。

（10）推斷題。由前一句中的“first（首先）”及前后句的句意，推斷這里應(yīng)該填跟其詞性一樣的詞（其次），所以填寫“second”。

（11）推斷題。根據(jù)前一句句意‘首先，它是基于這樣一種假設(shè)，即有可能準(zhǔn)確定義特定人群的營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求?！茢噙@里應(yīng)該是“個(gè)人的營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求”，所以可以填寫needs或者requirements，但是上一句已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過requirements，為避免重復(fù)，填寫needs。

（12）固定短語。該句句意是‘一個(gè)人轉(zhuǎn)換食物攝取營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的效率也會(huì)有很大差異?！疇I(yíng)養(yǎng)轉(zhuǎn)化’用固定短語convert…into…，所以填介詞into。

（13）句意分析。由后一句的例子可知此處表達(dá)“食物混合在一起，可能影響營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的吸收?！敝髡Zfoods是復(fù)數(shù)形式，動(dòng)詞affect‘影響’用原形。

（14）句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析。這里的theamountofcalcium應(yīng)該是milk中的，故填寫介詞in‘在...之內(nèi)’。

（15）對(duì)應(yīng)前文。對(duì)應(yīng)前面第五題空格后的“differentageandsexgroups”，故這里填寫sex。

2.單選題

Shelookedcloselyatthepictureforalongtime（

）everydetailinit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.jeopardizing

B.visualizing

C.dissecting

D.scrutinizing

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。jeopardize意為“危及，損害”；visualize意為“使形象化，想象，構(gòu)思”；dissect意為“解剖(人或動(dòng)植物)，仔細(xì)研究”；scrutinize意為“仔細(xì)檢查，細(xì)致審查”。

由空格后的“everydetail（每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)）”可知D選項(xiàng)更為恰當(dāng)。

句意：她近距離看了這幅畫很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，仔細(xì)觀察了其中的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。

3.翻譯題

Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind;itissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexplanation.Thereisnomoredifference,butthereisjustthesamekindofdifference,betweenthementaloperationsofamanofscienceandthoseofanordinaryperson.,asthereisbetweentheoperationsandmethodsofabakerorofabutcherweighingouthisgoodsincommonscales,andtheoperationsofachemistinperformingadifficultandcomplexanalysisbymeansofhisbalanceandfinelygradedweights.Itisnotthatthescalesintheonecase,andthebalanceinother,differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking;butthatthelatterisamuchfinerapparatusandofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthantheformer.

【答案】科學(xué)研究的方法只不過是人類思維活動(dòng)的必要方式的表達(dá)；它只是對(duì)所有現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行推理并給予精確和準(zhǔn)確解釋的方式。科研人員與普通人在思考方面的差別與下面的差別類似：如面包師或屠夫用普通的秤來秤量商品，而化學(xué)家用精密的天平和砝碼來進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的分析。關(guān)鍵不是使用的秤和天平在構(gòu)造原理和工作方式上有什么差別，而是后者是一個(gè)更精密的儀器，當(dāng)然測(cè)量結(jié)果就更準(zhǔn)確。

4.單選題

Thecentipedehaspoisonclawsonthefirstsegmentofitsbody（

）todefenditselfandtokillitsprey.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.andtheseuses

B.alsousesthese

C.thesealsoused

D.andusesthese

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知句子的主語為Thecentipede，謂語是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列謂語，has和uses為句子的謂語部分。句意：蜈蚣身體的第一節(jié)有毒爪，用來自我保護(hù)和殺死獵物。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Theextentofanation’spoweroveritscoastalecosystemsandthenaturalresourcesinitscoastalwatershasbeendefinedbytwointernationallawdoctrines:freedomoftheseasandadjacentstatesovereignty.Untilthemid-twentiethcentury,mostnationsfavoredapplicationofbroadopen-seasfreedomsandlimitedsovereignrightsovercoastalwaters.Anationhadtherighttoincludewithinitsterritorialdominiononlyaverynarrowbandofcoastalwaters(generallyextendingthreemilesfromtheshoreline),withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities.But,becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.

Regardlessofwhetherornotnationsenforcedregulationsintheirterritorialwaters,largeoceanareasremainedfreeofcontrolsorrestrictions.Thecitizensofallnationshadtherighttousetheseunrestrictedoceanareasforanyinnocentpurpose,includingnavigationandfishing.Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.And,sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.

Thelackofstandardsistraceabletopopularperceptionsheldbeforethemiddleofthiscentury.Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitieswasgenerallybelievedtobelimitedtothatcausedbynavigation.Moreover,thefreedomtofish,oroverfish,wasanessentialelementofthetraditionallegaldoctrineoffreedomoftheseasthatnomaritimecountrywishedtoseelimited.Andfinally,thetechnologythatlaterallowedexploitationofotheroceanresources,suchas,oil,didnotyetexist.

Todate,controllingpollutionandregulatingoceanresourceshavestillnotbeencomprehensivelyaddressedbylaw,butinternationallaw-establishedthroughthecustomsandpracticesofnations-doesnotprecludesuchefforts.Andtworecentdevelopmentsmayactuallyleadtofutureinternationalrulesprovidingforecosystemmanagement.First,theestablishmentofextensivefisheryzones,extendingterritorialauthorityasfaras200milesoutfromacountry’scoast,hasprovidedtheopportunityfornationsindividuallytomanagelargerecosystems.Thisopportunity,combinedwithnationalself-interestinmaintainingfishpopulations,couldleadnationstoreevaluatepoliciesformanagementoftheirfisheriesandtoaddresstheproblemofpollutioninterritorialwaters.Second,theinternationalcommunityisbeginningtounderstandtheimportanceofpreservingtheresourcesandecologyofinternationalwatersandtoshowsignsofacceptingresponsibilityfordoingso.Asaninternationalconsensusregardingtheneedforcomprehensivemanagementofoceanresourcesdevelops,itwillbecomemorelikelythatinternationalstandardsandpoliciesforbroaderregulationofhumanactivitiesthataffectoceanecosystemswillbeadoptedandimplemented.

61.Accordingtothepassage,untilthemid-twentiethcenturytherewerefewjurisdictionaldisputesoverinternationalwatersbecause______.

62.Accordingtheinternationallawdoctrinesapplicablebeforethemid-twentiethcentury,ifcommercialactivitywithinaparticularnation’sterritorialwatersthreatenedallmarinelifeinthosewaters,thenationwouldhavebeen______.

63.Theauthorsuggeststhatbeforethemid-twentiethcentury,mostnations’actionswithrespecttoterritorialandinternationalwatersindicatedthat______.

64.Theauthorciteswhichoneofthefollowingasaneffectoftheextensionofterritorialwatersbeyondthethreemileslimit?

65.Thepassageasawholecanbestbedescribedas______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fewcontrolsorrestrictionsappliedtooceanareas

B.theoceanareaswereusedforonlyinnocentpurposes

C.thefreedomoftheseasdoctrinesettledallclaimsconcerningnavigationandfishing

D.broadauthorityoverinternationalwaterswassharedequallyamongallnations

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.formallycensuredbyaninternationalorganizationfornotproperlyregulatingmarineactivities

B.calleduponbyothernationstoestablishrulestoprotectitsterritorialwaters

C.ablebutnotrequiredtoplacelegallimitsonsuchcommercialactivities

D.allowedtoresolvetheproblematitsowndiscretionprovidingitcouldcontainthethreattoitsownterritorialwaters

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.managingecosystemsineitherterritorialorinternationalwaterswasgiverlowpriority

B.unlimitedresourcesininternationalwatersresultedinlittleinterestinterritorialwaters

C.nationsconsideredittheirresponsibilitytoprotectterritorialbutnotinternationalwaters

D.althoughnationscouldextendtheirterritorialdominionbeyondthreemilesfromtheirshoreline,mostchosenottodoso

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Increasedpoliticalpressureonindividualnationstoestablishcomprehensivelawsregulatingoceanresources.

B.Agreaternumberofjurisdictionaldisputesamongnationsovertheregulationoffishingontheopenseas.

C.Theopportunityforsomenationstomanagelargeoceanecosystems.

D.Apoliticalincentiveforsmallernationstosolvetheproblemsofpollutionintheircoastalwaters.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.achronologyoftheeventsthathaveleduptoapresent-daycrisis

B.alegalinquiryintotheabuseofexistinglawsandthelikelihoodofreform

C.apoliticalanalysisoftheproblemsinherentindirectingnationalattentiontoaninternationalissue

D.ahistoricalanalysisofaproblemthatrequiresinternationalattention

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】61.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章，直到20世紀(jì)中葉，國(guó)際水域的管轄權(quán)爭(zhēng)議很少，因?yàn)椤?。由第二段第四句And，sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.（因?yàn)樵趲缀鯖]有任何行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被用到‘公海’上，所以國(guó)家間幾乎沒有管轄權(quán)的沖突）可知，國(guó)際水域的管轄權(quán)爭(zhēng)議很少，是因?yàn)閹缀鯖]有任何行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被用到‘公?！希@里的“openseas”就相當(dāng)于題干中的“internationalwaters”，因此A項(xiàng)“幾乎沒有控制或限制使用到海洋領(lǐng)域”正確。B項(xiàng)“海洋領(lǐng)域僅用于沒有惡意的行為”沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“海洋自由化的條例解決了所有有關(guān)航海及捕魚的紛爭(zhēng)”文中沒有提到，且C項(xiàng)太絕對(duì)；D項(xiàng)“各國(guó)平等地享有公海使用權(quán)”，這不是管轄權(quán)爭(zhēng)議少的原因。故該題選A。

62.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)20世紀(jì)中葉以前適用的國(guó)際法理論，如果某一國(guó)家領(lǐng)水內(nèi)的商業(yè)活動(dòng)威脅到該水域內(nèi)的所有海洋生物，那么該國(guó)應(yīng)……”。根據(jù)第一段第三句withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities（在這一范圍內(nèi)它有權(quán)但沒有責(zé)任管理所有活動(dòng)）和第二段第三句Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.（除了對(duì)其本國(guó)公民的控制外，沒有任何國(guó)家有責(zé)任控制國(guó)際水域內(nèi)的這種活動(dòng)，更不用說單方面的權(quán)力了）可推斷，如果某一國(guó)家領(lǐng)水內(nèi)的商業(yè)活動(dòng)威脅到該水域內(nèi)的所有海洋生物，該國(guó)可以根據(jù)自身情況自行解決，因此可知D項(xiàng)“被允許自行決定解決這個(gè)問題，只要它能夠遏制對(duì)自己領(lǐng)海的威脅”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“因未能適當(dāng)管理海洋活動(dòng)而受到國(guó)際組織的正式譴責(zé)”和B項(xiàng)“被其他國(guó)家呼吁建立保護(hù)其領(lǐng)海的規(guī)則”在文中沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“能夠但無須對(duì)此類商業(yè)活動(dòng)做出法律限制”，根據(jù)第一段最后一句提到becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.（由于這一領(lǐng)土范圍非常有限，大多數(shù)國(guó)家沒有建立管理或保護(hù)其領(lǐng)海的規(guī)則）可推斷，大多數(shù)國(guó)家對(duì)領(lǐng)海保護(hù)方面沒有建立相應(yīng)的法律規(guī)定，因此C項(xiàng)不對(duì)。故該題選D。

63.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者認(rèn)為，在二十世紀(jì)中葉以前，大多數(shù)國(guó)家在領(lǐng)海和國(guó)際水域方面的行動(dòng)表明了……”。由第三段第二句Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitieswasgenerallybelievedtobelimitedtothatcausedbynavigation.（總的來說，海洋污染不被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)重大問題，部分原因是沿?；顒?dòng)對(duì)海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的不利影響沒有得到廣泛認(rèn)識(shí)，而人類活動(dòng)造成的污染一般被認(rèn)為僅限于航海造成的污染）可推斷，大多數(shù)國(guó)家對(duì)領(lǐng)海和國(guó)際水域的生態(tài)管理不重視，因此A項(xiàng)“無論是領(lǐng)海還是國(guó)際水域的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理都沒有得到足夠的重視”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“國(guó)際水域的無限資源導(dǎo)致對(duì)領(lǐng)海的興趣不大”和D項(xiàng)“雖然這些國(guó)家可以把領(lǐng)土延伸到海岸線三英里以外，但大多數(shù)國(guó)家選擇不這么做”文中沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“各國(guó)認(rèn)為他們有責(zé)任保護(hù)領(lǐng)海，而不是國(guó)際水域”，文章只在第一段提到各國(guó)有權(quán)但沒責(zé)任管理領(lǐng)海的活動(dòng)，所以各國(guó)沒有責(zé)任保護(hù)領(lǐng)海，C項(xiàng)不正確，故該題選A。

64.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“作者引用下列哪一項(xiàng)作為領(lǐng)海延伸超過三英里界限的影響?”。由第四段第三句中extendingterritorialauthorityasfaras200milesoutfromacountry’scoast,hasprovidedtheopportunityfornationsindividuallytomanagelargerecosystems（將領(lǐng)土權(quán)力擴(kuò)展到一個(gè)國(guó)家海岸外200英里的地方，為各國(guó)單獨(dú)管理更大的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)提供了機(jī)會(huì)）可知，C項(xiàng)“這是一些國(guó)家管理大型海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的機(jī)會(huì)”正確。A項(xiàng)“對(duì)個(gè)別國(guó)家施加更大的政治壓力，要求它們制定管理海洋資源的全面法律”，B項(xiàng)“各國(guó)之間在公海漁業(yè)管理方面有更多的管轄權(quán)爭(zhēng)端”和D項(xiàng)“這是小國(guó)家解決沿海污染問題的政治動(dòng)機(jī)”在文中都未提及，故該題選C。

65.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“總的來說這篇文章作為……來描述最好”。A項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致當(dāng)今危機(jī)的一系列事件的年表”，B項(xiàng)“對(duì)現(xiàn)行法律濫用和改革可能性的法律調(diào)查”，C項(xiàng)“對(duì)國(guó)家關(guān)注國(guó)際問題所固有問題的政治分析”，D項(xiàng)“對(duì)一個(gè)需要國(guó)際關(guān)注的問題的歷史分析”。文章的主要內(nèi)容是對(duì)海洋污染和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)遭到破壞的歷史原因和現(xiàn)狀的分析，指出國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和政策才能更廣泛地管制影響海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的人類活動(dòng)，因此根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，該題D項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

TheBeatGenerationisalabelappliedtoanon-conformistsocialmovementbeguninNewYorkCityinthe1950s.Itsmessagewascarriedbyagroupofwriterswhousedstream-of-consciousnessformstoexpresstheinsightsandlongingsofthosewhorejectedthemainstreamvaluesofthetimes.AlthoughtheBeatwritersproducedfewlastingworks,theirattitudesinspiredrockmusicartistsandsocialmovementsofthe1960sandbeyond.

Thetermbeatwascoinedin1964byHerbertHuncke.Hemeantittobeasynonymfortiedordownandout.In1948,thewordwasusedbyJackKerouacinhisphraseBeatGeneration,bywhichhechangedthereferencetomeanupbeatandbeatific.Thephrasefinallyenteredpublicconsciousnessin1952withJohnClellonHolmes’sarticleintheNewYorkTimesMagazinecalled“ThisistheBeatGeneration.”

TheoriginalBeatswereagroupoffriendsfromNewYorkCitywhometinthemid-1940s.TheyincludedJackKerouac,AllenGinsberg,NealCassady,andWilliamS.Burroughs.ThatcoregroupmovedtoSanFrancisco,wheretheywerejoinedbythepoetLawrenceFerlinghettiandmanyothers.

ThefirstfamousworkofBeatliteraturewasthelongpoem,Howl,byAllenGinsberg.In1955,GinsbergreadthepoemaloudatagalleryinSanFrancisco,causingastirwithitsportrayalofdruguseandhomosexuality.ItsfamewasfueledbytheobscenitytrialofLawrenceFerlinghetti,whosoldthepoeminhisbookstore.ButFerlinghettiwasacquittedwhenthejudgeruledthattheworkdidhave“redeemingsocialimportance”andthuswasnotobscene.

ThemostsuccessfulBeatnovelistwasJackKerouac.Inhisbestnovel,OntheRoad,publishedin1957,KerouacdescribedanautomobiletriparoundtheUnitedStatesbyacharacterbasedonhimself,SalParadise,andDeanMoriarty,basedonKerouac’sfriendNealCassady.ThenovelmadeCassadyintoaculturaliconknownforhisirresponsiblelifestyle,womanizing,amorality,andlustforlife.

OntheRoadbecameknownasmuchforhowKerouacwroteitasforitscontent.Kerouacallegedlywashighonpillswhilehewroteit,andhetypeditonacontinuousscrollofpapersothathewouldnothavetointerrupthisthoughtsbychangingpaper.Heissaidtohavebelievedthat“thefirstthoughtisthebestthought”,andheclaimedthatheneverrevisedwhathewrote.Thoughhesaidthathewrotethebookinjustthreeweeks,thetruthisthathehadbeenplanningthenovelforyearsandthathewroteseveraldrafts.

AlsoinfluentialwasanovelbyWilliamS.Burroughs,NakedLunch,whichalsosurvivedanobscenitytrial.Inthatwork,Burroughs,whowasadrugaddicthimself,tellsofhisdrug-inducedfantasiesandhistravelsamongaddictsandcriminals.

Inthe1960s,thosewhofollowedBeatphilosophybecameknownashippiesoryippies.TheirculturewascenteredinSanFrancisco,whichbecameacenterofrockmusic,drugculture,andprotestagainstthewarinVietnam.

TheBeatGeneration’slastingcontributiontoliteratureisthatitencouragedwritingonmorepersonaltopics,includingthoseshowingtheunpleasantsidesofhumannatureandofsociety.Itvalidatedexpressionthroughinformal,conversationallanguageandmadeprofanityapermissibletoolforrevealinghumanfeelings.

26.Thewordcoinedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheNewYorkTimesMagazineinthepassage?

28.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofOntheRoad?

29.Thewordinterruptinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

30.Accordingtothepassage,Beatliteraturecanbestbedescribedas________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.invented

B.spread

C.minted

D.explained

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ToshowtheoriginofthetermBeat.

B.ToidentifywhenthetermBeatGenerationbecamewidelyknown.

C.TonametheNewYorkTimesasaBeatnewspaper.

D.TogiveinformationaboutJohnClellonHolmes.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ItportraystherecklesslifestyleofAmericanyoungstersinthelate1950s.

B.ItwascompletedinashorttimewhileJackKerouacwasondrugs.

C.ItmadeNealCassadyanimportantsymbolofalibertinelifestyle.

D.ItisbasedontwocharacterstakingaroadtriparoundNorthAmerica.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.suspend

B.introduce

C.express

D.exclaim

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.beingbannedbythecourts

B.havinglittlelastinginfluence

C.addressingpersonalfeelings,ofteninrebellionagainstsociety

D.expressingtheconservativeviewsofthe1950s

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】26.語義推測(cè)題。Coined意思是創(chuàng)造（新詞等），根據(jù)第二段Thetermbeatwascoinedin1964byHerbertHuncke.In1948,thewordwasusedbyJackKerouac…Thephrasefinallyenteredpublicconsciousnessin1952withJohnClellonHolmes’sarticleintheNewYorkTimesMagazinecalled“ThisistheBeatGeneration.”（beat這個(gè)詞是由HerbertHuncke在1964年創(chuàng)造。1948年，杰克?凱魯亞克使用了這個(gè)詞……這個(gè)詞在1952年約翰?克萊倫?霍姆斯在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)雜志》發(fā)表的一篇題為《這是垮掉的一代》的文章中才最終進(jìn)入公眾的意識(shí)。），可知第二段在講beat這個(gè)詞的前世今生，從來源到如今的運(yùn)用，所以A選項(xiàng)“發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造；捏造”正確，B選項(xiàng)“傳播”和D選項(xiàng)“解釋”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“新生產(chǎn)的”：根據(jù)時(shí)間推算不合理，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Thephrasefinallyenteredpublicconsciousnessin1952withJohnClellonHolmes’sarticleintheNewYorkTimesMagazinecalled“ThisistheBeatGeneration.”（這個(gè)詞在1952年JohnClellonHolmes在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)雜志》上發(fā)表的一篇題為《這是垮掉的一代》的文章中才最終進(jìn)入公眾的意識(shí)），可知“垮掉的一代”因?yàn)闀r(shí)代雜志在1952年被廣為人知，所以B選項(xiàng)“確定‘垮掉的一代’這個(gè)術(shù)語何時(shí)廣為人知”正確，D選項(xiàng)“提供關(guān)于JohnClellonHolmes的信息”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“為了說明Beat這個(gè)詞的起源”：這個(gè)詞是HerbertHuncke創(chuàng)造的，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“紐約時(shí)報(bào)是一份垮掉的報(bào)紙”：不符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句ThenovelmadeCassadyintoaculturaliconknownforhisirresponsiblelifestyle,womanizing,amorality,andlustforlife.（這部小說使卡薩迪成為一個(gè)文化標(biāo)簽，以他不負(fù)責(zé)任的生活方式、好色、不道德和對(duì)生活的欲望而聞名。），可知人們把浪子和NealCassady聯(lián)系在一起，所以C選項(xiàng)“這使得NealCassady成為放蕩不羈的生活方式的重要代表”正確，A選項(xiàng)“描繪了20世紀(jì)50年代末美國(guó)年輕人魯莽，不計(jì)后果的生活方式”中文化形象跟美國(guó)年輕人現(xiàn)實(shí)的生活方式不是一個(gè)概念，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“在JackKerouac吸毒的時(shí)候短時(shí)間完成”：根據(jù)第六段倒數(shù)第一句hehadbeenplanningthenovelforyearsandthathewroteseveraldrafts（他已經(jīng)計(jì)劃這本小說好幾年了，并且寫了好幾次草稿），可知這部小說花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間完成，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“基于兩個(gè)人物在北美的公路旅行”：根據(jù)第五段第二句KerouacdescribedanautomobiletriparoundtheUnitedStatesbyacharacterbasedonhimself,SalParadise,andDeanMoriarty,basedonKerouac’sfriendNealCassady.（Kerouac描述了一個(gè)以他自己為原型的SalParadise和以他朋友NealCassady為原型的DeanMoriarty環(huán)游美國(guó)的公路旅行。），可知是環(huán)游美國(guó)而非在北美，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

29.語義推測(cè)題。interrupt意思是中斷，根據(jù)第六段第二句hetypeditonacontinuousscrollofpapersothathewouldnothavetointerrupthisthoughtsbychangingpaper.（他把這篇文章打印在一卷連續(xù)的紙上，這樣就不會(huì)因?yàn)閾Q紙而打斷自己的想法），把文章打印在連續(xù)的紙張上，可知是想讓想法也是連續(xù)的，推測(cè)interrupt和連續(xù)意思相反，所以A選項(xiàng)“暫?！狈项}意，故正確。B選項(xiàng)“介紹”，C選項(xiàng)“表達(dá)”和D選項(xiàng)“驚叫”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

30.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第九段第一句TheBeatGeneration’slastingcontributiontoliteratureisthatitencouragedwritingonmorepersonaltopics,includingthoseshowingtheunpleasantsidesofhumannatureandofsociety.（“垮掉的一代”對(duì)文學(xué)的長(zhǎng)久貢獻(xiàn)在于，它鼓勵(lì)人們寫更多關(guān)于個(gè)人的話題，包括那些顯示人性和社會(huì)不愉快一面的話題。），可知垮掉的一代文學(xué)作品主要寫個(gè)人感情，包括人性和社會(huì)中讓人不悅的內(nèi)容，所以C選項(xiàng)“處理個(gè)人感情，通常是對(duì)社會(huì)的反抗”正確，B選項(xiàng)“沒有持久的影響”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“被法院禁止”：根據(jù)第四段最后一句Ferlinghettiwasacquittedwhenthejudgeruledthattheworkdidhave“redeemingsocialimportance”andthuswasnotobscene.（但是當(dāng)法官裁定這項(xiàng)工作確實(shí)具有“補(bǔ)償性的社會(huì)重要性”，因此不是淫穢的時(shí)候，F(xiàn)erlinghetti被無罪釋放），可知這不被法院禁止，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“表達(dá)20世紀(jì)50年代的保守觀點(diǎn)”：根據(jù)第八段Inthe1960s,thosewhofollowedBeatphilosophybecameknownashippiesoryippies.（在20世紀(jì)60年代，那些遵循垮掉哲學(xué)的人被稱為嬉皮士或雅皮士。），可知垮掉的文學(xué)表達(dá)的是非傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

1.TheCenterforMediaResearchrecentlyreleasedareportaboutblogs.Itsaysallstudiesagreethatblogsareprevalentaroundtheworld.

2.Onestudyfoundthatmorethanonehundredeightymillionpeoplearoundtheworldhavestartedablog.Andmorethanthreehundredfortymillionpeoplearoundtheworldreadblogs.Anotherstudyfoundbloggersinsixty-sixcountriesonsixcontinents.Itfoundblogsineighty-onelanguages.

3.Peopleinmanyprofessions,includingtheentertainmentindustryandnewsorganizations'arewritingblogs.VOAwritersareamongthem.AlexBelindaisthechiefwriteroftheVOAnewsblog.4.HediscussesissuesoffreedomofthepressandVOAprogramming.Healsoanswersquestions,commentsandcriticismfromthepublic.

5.Onarecentblog,MisterBelinda(貝林達(dá))wroteaboutVOA’srulesdemandingaccuracyandobjectivity.HewrotethatVOArulesstatethatVOAreporters“donotspeakfortheUnitedStatesgovernment.”HealsowrotethattheideathatanygovernmentagencycantellVOAwhattosayisfalse.

【答案】1.媒體研究中心最近發(fā)布了一份關(guān)于博客的報(bào)告。它說，所有的研究都認(rèn)為博客在世界各地都很流行。

2.一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，全世界有超過1.8億人開始寫博客。全世界有超過3.4億人閱讀博客。

3.許多行業(yè)的人，包括娛樂業(yè)和新聞機(jī)構(gòu)的人都在寫博客。美國(guó)之音記者也在其中。

4.他討論了新聞自由和VOA節(jié)目的問題。他還回答公眾的問題、評(píng)論和批評(píng)。

5.在最近的一篇博客中，貝琳達(dá)先生提到了美國(guó)之音要求準(zhǔn)確性和客觀性的規(guī)定。他寫道，VOA規(guī)則規(guī)定，美國(guó)之音記者“不代表美國(guó)政府發(fā)言”。

8.單選題

Improvedconsumerconfidenceis______toaneconomicrecovery.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.crucial

B.subordinate

C.cumulative

D.satisfactory

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.crucial至關(guān)重要的，關(guān)鍵性的B.subordinate隸屬的，從屬的

C.cumulative（在力量或重要性方面）聚積的，積累的D.satisfactory令人滿意的，夠好的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“消費(fèi)者信心的增強(qiáng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇______”可知，空格處表示“至關(guān)重要的”符合句意。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】消費(fèi)者信心的增強(qiáng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇至關(guān)重要。

9.填空題

THEIRONBRIDGE

TheIronBridgewasthefirstofaskindinEuropeandisuniversallyrecognizedasasymboloftheIndustrialRevolution.

A:TheIronBridgecrossestheRiverSeverninCoalbrookdale,inthewestofEngland.Itwasthefirstcast-ironbridgetobesuccessfullyerected,andthefirstlargecast-ironstructureoftheindustrialageinEurope,althoughtheChinesewereexpertiron-castersmanycenturiesearlier.

B:Riversusedtotheequivalentoftoday’smotorways,inthattheywereextensivelyusedfortransportation.TheRiverSevern,whichstartsitslifeontheWelshmountainsandeventuallyenterstheseabetweenCardiffandBristol,isthelongestnavigableriverinBritain.Itwasidealfortransportationpurpose,andspecialboatswerebuilttonavigatethewaters.Bythemiddleoftheeighteenthcentury,theSevernwasoneofthebusiestriversinEurope.Localgoods,includingcoal,ironproducts,wool,grainandcider,weresentbyriver.Amongthegoodscomingupstreamwereluxuriessuchassugar,tea,coffeeandwine.Inplaces,theriverbankswerelinedwithwharvesandtheriverwasoftencrowdedwithboatsloadingorunloading.

C:In1638,BasilBrookepatentedasteel-makingprocessandbuiltafurnaceatCoalbrookdale.ThislaterbecamethepropertyofAbrahamDarby(referredtoasAbrahamDarbyItodistinguishhimfromhissonandgrandsonofthesamename.)AfterservinganapprenticeshipinBirmingham,DarbyhadstartedabusinessinBristol,buthemovedtoCoalbrookdalein1710withanideathatcokederivedfromcoalcouldprovideamoreeconomicalalternativetocharcoalasafuelforironmaking.Thisledtocheaper,moreefficientironmakingfromtheabundantsuppliesofcoal,ironandlimestoneinthearea.

D:Hisson,AbrahamDarbyII,pioneeredthemanufactureofcastiron,andhadtheideaofbuildingabridgeovertheSevern,asferryingstoresofallkindsacrosstheriver,particularlythelargequantitiesoffuelforthefurnacesatCoalbrookdaleandothersurroundingironworks,involvedconsiderableexpenseanddelay.However,itwashissonAbrahamDarbyIII(bornin1750)who,in1775,organizedameetingtoplanthebuildingofabridge.Thiswasdesignedbyalocalarchitect,ThomasPritchard,whohadtheideaofconstructingitofiron.

E:Sectionswerecastduringthewinterof1778-9fora7-metre-widebridgewithaspanof31metres,12metresabovetheriver.Constructiontookthreemonthsduringthesummerof1779,andremarkably,nobodywasinjuredduringtheconstructionprocess-afeatalmostunheardofeveninmodernmajorcivilengineeringprojects.Workontheapproachroadscontinuedforanothertwoyears,andthebridgewasopenedtotrafficin1781AbrahamDarbyⅢfundedthebridgebycommissioningpaintingsandengravings,buthelostalotontheproject,whichhadcostnearlydoubletheestimate,andhediedleavingmassivelargerdebtsin1789,agedonly39.Thedistrictdidnotflourishformuch1onger,andduringthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesfactoriescloseddown.Since1934thebridgehasbeenopenonlytopedestrians.UniversallyrecognizedasthesymboloftheIndustrialRevolution,theIronBridgenowstandsattheheartoftheIronBridgeGorgeWorldHeritageSite.

F:Ithasalwaysbeenamysteryhowthebridgewasbuilt.Despiteitspioneeringtechnologynoeye-witnessaccountsareknownwhichdescribetheironbridgebeingerected—andcertainlynoplanshavesurvived.However,recentdiscoveries,researchandexperimentshaveshednewlightonexactlyhowitwasbuilt,challengingtheassumptionsofrecentdecades.In1997asmallwatercoloursketchbyEliasMartincametolightintheSwedishcapital,Stockholm.Althoughthereisawealthofearlyviewsofthebridgebynumerousartists,thisistheonlyonewhichactuallyshowsitunderconstruction.

G:Upuntilrecentlyithadbeenassumedthatthebridgehadbeenbuiltfrombothbanks,withtheinnersupportstiltedacrosstheriver.Thiswouldhaveallowedrivertraffictocontinueunimpededduringconstruction.Butthepictureclearlyshowssectionsofthebridgebeingraisedfromabargeintheriver.Itcontradictedeverythinghistorianshadassumedaboutthebridge,anditwasevenconsideredthatthepicturecouldhavebeenafakeasnootherhadcometolight.Soin2001ahalf-scalemodelofthebridgewasbuilt,inordertoseeifitcouldhavebeenconstructedinthewaydepictedinthewatercolour.Meanwhile,adetailedarchaeological,historicalandphotographicsurveywasdonebytheIronbridgeGorgeMuseumTrust,alongwitha3DCAD(computer–aideddesign)modelbyEnglishHeritage.

H:Theresultstellusalotmoreabouthowthebridgewasbuilt.Wenowknowthatallthelargecastingsweremadeindividuallyastheyareallslightlydifferent.Thebridgewasn’tweldedorboltedtogetherasmetalbridgesarethesedays.Insteaditwasfittedtogetherusingacomplexsystemofjointsnormallyusedforwood—butthiswasthetraditionalwayinwhichironstructureswerejoinedatthetime.Theconstructionofthemodel