考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京林業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京林業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thedoctorsareverymuchworriedaboutthe（

）ofthepatient’sconditionafteroperation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deterioration

B.differentiation

C.diversion

D.donation

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)deterioration“惡化”；B選項(xiàng)differentiation“變異”；C選項(xiàng)diversion“轉(zhuǎn)移，消遣”；D選項(xiàng)donation“捐贈(zèng)”。句意：醫(yī)生們非常擔(dān)心手術(shù)后病人的病情惡化。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

建設(shè)生態(tài)文明，是關(guān)系人民福祉、關(guān)于民族未來(lái)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)大計(jì)。面對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化的嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)，我們必須樹(shù)立尊重自然、保護(hù)自然的生態(tài)文明理念，把生態(tài)文明建設(shè)放在突出地位，融入經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會(huì)建設(shè)各個(gè)方面和全過(guò)程，努力建設(shè)美麗中國(guó)，實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族的永續(xù)發(fā)展。

【答案】Promotingecologicalprogressisalong-termtaskofvitalimportancetothepeople’swellbeingandChina’sfuture.Facedwithadeterioratingecosystem,wemustraiseourecologicalawarenessoftheneedtorespectandprotectnature.Wemustgivehighprioritytomakingecologicalprogressandincorporateitintoallaspectsandthewholeprocessofadvancingeconomic,cultural,andsocialprogress,workhardtobuildabeautifulcountry,andachievelastingandsustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenation.

3.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

北京計(jì)劃未來(lái)投資7600億元治理污染，從減少PM2.5排放入手。

中文熱詞通常反映社會(huì)變化和文化，有些在外國(guó)媒體上愈來(lái)愈流行。

土豪以前指欺壓佃戶和仆人的鄉(xiāng)村地主，現(xiàn)在用于指花錢(qián)如流水或喜歡炫耀財(cái)富的人。

大媽是對(duì)中年婦女的稱呼，但是現(xiàn)在特指不久前金價(jià)大跌時(shí)大量購(gòu)買(mǎi)黃金的中國(guó)婦女。

她就是那個(gè)到明年年底會(huì)攢一萬(wàn)美元的那個(gè)女孩。

你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)警察一直在找的小偷嗎？

自從她出生以來(lái)她就從未見(jiàn)過(guò)她爸爸。

你知道你們班長(zhǎng)喜歡的女孩兒是賊的女兒?jiǎn)幔?/p>

他很謙遜，認(rèn)為自己離成功還很遠(yuǎn)。

宗教和科學(xué)其實(shí)不但可以調(diào)和，而且可以共存共生。

【答案】Beijingisgoingtoinvest760billionyuaninthefuturetocontrolpollution,beginningwithcuttingdowntheemissionofPM2.5.

TheChineseheatedwordsusuallyreflectsocialchangesandculture,someofwhichareincreasinglypopularwithforeignmedia.

Thewordtuhaousedtomeanrurallandlordswhooppresstheirtenantsandservants,whilenowitreferstopeoplespendingmoneywithoutlimitsorthoseshowingofftheirwealthallaround.

Theworddamaisusedtodescribemiddle-agedwomen.However,itisregardedasaspecialwordtocallthoseChinesewomenwhorushedtopurchasegoldwhenthegoldpricedecreasedsharplynotlongago.

Sheisthegirlwhowillhavemadetenthousanddollarsbytheendofnextyear.

Doyouknowthethiefwhomthepolicemanhasbeenlookingfor?

Shehasneverseenherfathersincehewasborn.

Doyouknowthegirlwhoislikedbyyourmonitoristhedaughterofathief?

9.Heishumbleandthinksheisfarfromsuccess.

10.Religionandsciencearenotonlyreconcilable,butalsosymbiotic.

4.單選題

Morecarewill（

）youagainstmakingsomanymistakes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.guarantee

C.convince

D.assure

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。convince意為“使相信，說(shuō)服，使承認(rèn)”，ensure、guarantee和assure都含有“保證”的意思。ensure指確保某種行為一定會(huì)發(fā)生；guarantee指對(duì)某事物的品質(zhì)或人的行為“提出擔(dān)?！?，對(duì)事物、商品等質(zhì)量、性能等方面的欺詐行為做出保證；assure指向某人保證某事一定會(huì)發(fā)生（內(nèi)含有讓某人放心之意，以消除疑慮）assuresb.ofsth/assuresb.that...

句意：多加小心會(huì)確保你不會(huì)犯這么多的錯(cuò)誤。

5.單選題

Everybodylikeshim.Heisvery（

）withallhiscolleagues.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.popular

B.familiar

C.close

D.vulgar

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，大家都很喜歡他，說(shuō)明他很受歡迎。選項(xiàng)A最符合語(yǔ)境。

6.單選題

Withoutyourhelp,____wesomuch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’tachieve

B.wouldnothaveachieved

C.willnotachieve

D.don’tachieve

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。without引出虛擬語(yǔ)氣，并且是對(duì)過(guò)去的事情進(jìn)行虛擬，所以要用“wouldhavedone”。本句的意思是：“如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不可能取得這么大的成就?！?/p>

7.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Youaregiven30minutesonthistask.Writedownyourunderstandingof“ItPaystoBeHonest”withnolessthan150words.

【答案】略

8.翻譯題

Brown最新出版的書(shū)中提出：關(guān)于人類對(duì)生態(tài)的影響，最樂(lè)觀的估計(jì)也表明它已經(jīng)超過(guò)了地球再生能力的20%左右。拯救巨大壓力下的地球和麻煩不斷的人類文明迫在眉睫。Brown在書(shū)中使用了一連串令人沮喪的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)物種滅絕、水資源短缺以及石油生產(chǎn)量下降所引發(fā)的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)蕩進(jìn)行了描述，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)了氣候變化帶來(lái)的系列負(fù)面效應(yīng)以及應(yīng)對(duì)措施。他所描述的由氣候變化引起的混亂狀態(tài)令人震驚，但有說(shuō)服力：世界上最貧窮的人們與似乎更加饑餓的生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)之間在開(kāi)展食物爭(zhēng)奪。在石油價(jià)格日益上漲，產(chǎn)量逐漸變少，最后有可能枯竭的情況下，生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)的任務(wù)是確保發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的越野車能在道路上疾馳。窮人始終處于劣勢(shì)地位。Brown認(rèn)為拯救地球的計(jì)劃必須是消除貧困，穩(wěn)定人口。但是，在執(zhí)行本計(jì)劃過(guò)程中，必須處理好經(jīng)濟(jì)利益和全球金融機(jī)構(gòu)的“民主赤字”問(wèn)題，因?yàn)楦F人通常被排除在外。

【答案】InBrown’slatestbook,hearguesthatthemostoptimisticestimatesofman’simpactonecologysuggestthatithasexceededabout20%oftheplanet’sregenerativecapacity.Itisimperativetosaveaplanetundergreatpressureandatroubledhumancivilization.Brownusesaseriesofdepressingstatisticstodescribetheeconomicturmoilcausedbyspeciesextinction,watershortagesanddecliningoilproduction,withaparticularemphasisonthenegativeeffectsofclimatechangeandwhatcanbedoneaboutthem.Hisdescriptionofthechaoscausedbyclimatechangeisshockingbutpersuasive:acompetitionforfoodbetweentheworld’spoorestpeopleandabiofuelsindustrythatseemsevenhungrier.Asoilpricesriseandproductionrunsout,thebiofuelindustry’sjobistokeepthedevelopedworld’soff-roadvehiclesontheroad.Thepoorarealwaysatadisadvantage.Brownbelievesthattheplantosavetheplanetmustbetoeradicatepovertyandstabilizepopulation.However,inimplementingtheplan,the“democraticdeficit”ofeconomicinterestsandglobalfinancialinstitutionsmustbeaddressed,sincethepoorareoftenexcluded.

9.單選題

Ifoundthesubjectverydifficult,andatonetimethoughtIshouldhavetogiveitup,butyourdirectionsaresoclearand（）thatIhavesucceededingettingapictureweallthinkpretty,thoughwantinginthetendergraceofyours.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthepoint

B.offthepoint

C.tothepoint

D.uptoapoint

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞詞組辨析。onthepoint“即將……的時(shí)候”；offthepoint“離題”；tothepoint“中肯，切題”；uptoapoint“在一定程度上”。句意：我覺(jué)得這個(gè)主題很難，我曾經(jīng)想放棄；但是你的指導(dǎo)清晰又切題，我已經(jīng)成功獲得一張我們都認(rèn)為非常漂亮的畫(huà)，盡管沒(méi)有你的優(yōu)雅。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

Tobe（）withyou,Ithinkyou’remakingadreadfulmistakebyrefusingtocooperate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.candid

B.pertinent

C.mild

D.vivid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)candid“坦白的”；B選項(xiàng)pertinent“相關(guān)的”；C選項(xiàng)mild“溫和的”；D選項(xiàng)vivid“生動(dòng)的”。句意：坦率地說(shuō)，我認(rèn)為你拒絕合作是犯了一個(gè)可怕的錯(cuò)誤。本句表示坦白說(shuō)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

I’d（）hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeintoaccount

B.accountfor

C.makeupfor

D.makeout

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)takeintoaccount“考慮、顧及”；B選項(xiàng)accountfor“說(shuō)明、解釋”；C選項(xiàng)makeupfor“補(bǔ)償、填補(bǔ)”；D選項(xiàng)makeout“理解、辨認(rèn)”，句意為：我想知道他在當(dāng)?shù)仄渌r(nóng)民和商人中的聲望，然后決定是否批準(zhǔn)貸款。D選項(xiàng)符合句意，因此選D。

12.單選題

Pickingflowersintheparkisabsolutely（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.avoided

B.prohibited

C.rejected

D.repelled

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在公園里摘花是絕對(duì)禁止的。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

13.單選題

Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatablethattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy'slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmerican-four-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother'sbackinfantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencode（編碼）ordecode（解碼）meaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthattheproperplacetofocusone'sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone'sconversationpartner."

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingat,thespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:iftheyarenotlookingthespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

1.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（

）.

2.AccordingtothepassagetheJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner'sneckbecause

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto

（

）.

4.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theydon’tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker

B.theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontact

C.theydon'tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact

D.theydidn’thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhood

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactsofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段第四句“arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile.一張真正的人臉如果遮住了眼睛不會(huì)讓小寶寶發(fā)笑，或者側(cè)面的臉，只能看到一只眼睛時(shí)，小寶寶也不會(huì)發(fā)笑?！惫蔆項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第一段“InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sbackinfantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencode（編碼）ordecode（解碼）meaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthattheproperplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner.在日本，嬰兒被背在母親的背上，他們對(duì)眼神交流的依戀不像其他文化中那么強(qiáng)烈。結(jié)果就是，日本成年人很少用面部表情來(lái)理解或解釋含義。事實(shí)上，Argyle揭示了在日本談話時(shí)，一個(gè)人的目光應(yīng)該集中在談話對(duì)象的脖子上。”可知日本人說(shuō)話時(shí)喜歡把目光聚焦在另一個(gè)人的脖子上是由于小時(shí)候沒(méi)有太多機(jī)會(huì)通過(guò)眼神來(lái)交流。故答案D

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“iftheyarenotlookingthespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.如果他們沒(méi)有看著說(shuō)話人，說(shuō)話人就會(huì)認(rèn)為他們是不感興趣的，要么就會(huì)停下來(lái)直到重新開(kāi)始眼神交流，要么就會(huì)終止談話?！笨芍鸢窩

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章末尾“Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.兩個(gè)說(shuō)話的人都戴著墨鏡時(shí)，這種眼神交流對(duì)維持對(duì)話的重要性就變得顯而易見(jiàn)了：可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)由打斷、錯(cuò)誤的開(kāi)始和不可預(yù)知的停頓引起的話語(yǔ)堵塞?！笨芍髂R對(duì)話會(huì)造成中斷，錯(cuò)誤的開(kāi)始和不可預(yù)計(jì)的停頓。故為了保持通暢的對(duì)話，最好不要戴墨鏡說(shuō)話。答案A

14.單選題

Veryfewexpertshavebeenableto（

）withcompletelynewanswerstotheworld’seconomicproblem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeup

B.cometo

C.comeon

D.comeround

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。comeupwith“提出，想出”。句意：很少有專家能夠提出應(yīng)對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題的全新方案。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Farmerswereencouragedtokeeptheirlivestockinpensratherthanlettingthem（）freely.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.roam

B.wander

C.wonder

D.roar

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)roam“閑逛，漫步”；B選項(xiàng)wander“游蕩，漫游”；C選項(xiàng)wonder“想知道，納悶”；D選項(xiàng)roar“咆哮，呼喊”。句意：鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民們把家畜關(guān)進(jìn)欄圈，而不是讓它們到處亂跑。由ratherthan可知，句子后半句表達(dá)的意思應(yīng)該“和把家畜關(guān)進(jìn)欄圈”相反，C，D不符合句意。roam常指在廣闊地方以自得其樂(lè)的愉快心情作無(wú)固定目標(biāo)的漫游，wander多指人無(wú)目的地到處徘徊或閑蕩，A選項(xiàng)與其意思對(duì)應(yīng)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.填空題

Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereisamixtureofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswherepeoplearesimilarinmany（1）.Thesimple（2）forthisisthattherearemoredifferentwaysoflookingatthings（3）inthefirstkindofsociety.Therearemoreideas,moredisagreements

（4）

interest,andmoregroupsandorganizations（5）differentbeliefs.In（6）,thereisusuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandgreatertolerancein（7）societies.Allthesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangeby（8）moreareasoflifetodecision.Inasimple-racial（9）,thereare（10）occasionsforpeopletoseetheneedortheopportunityfor（11）becauseeverythingseemstobethesame.And（12）conditionsmaynotbesatisfactory,theyareatleastcustomaryandundisputed.

Socialchangeisalsolikelytooccurmorefrequentlyand（13）inthematerialaspectsoftheculturethaninthenon-material,forexample,intechnologyratherthaninvalues;inthe（14）basicandemotionalaspectsofsocietythanintheiropposites;informratherthanin（15）;andinelementsthatare（16）tothecultureratherthaninstrangeelements.

（17）,socialchangeiseasierifitisgradual.Forexample,itcomes（18）readilyinhumanrelationsonacontinuousscaleratherthanonewithsharpdifferences.Thisisonereasonwhychangehas（19）comemorequicklytoBlackAmericansas（20）tootherAmericanminorities,becauseofsharpdifferencebetweenthemandtheirwhitecounterparts.

A.takedown

B.turndown

C.cutdown

D.setdown

【答案】1、ways

2、reason

3、present

4、in

5、with

6、addition

7、mixed

8、opening

9、society

10、fewer

11、change

12、though/although

13、readily

14、less

15、substance

16、acceptable

17、Furthermore

18、more

19、not

20、compared

【解析】1、根據(jù)句意可知，這里指人們?cè)谠S多方面都很相似。inmanyways為常見(jiàn)搭配，表示在許多方面。

2、上句提到社會(huì)變革大多發(fā)生在融合了不同種族的人類社會(huì)中，本句是解釋這個(gè)現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的原因。

3、根據(jù)句意：一個(gè)很簡(jiǎn)單的原因是，有更多不同的方法看待存在于第一類社會(huì)中的事物。presentin表示存在于，出現(xiàn)于。

4、in表示在...方面，原文指在興趣方面有更多的想法和分歧。

5、with表示擁有，原文指更多的團(tuán)體和組織擁有不同的信仰。

6、下文的內(nèi)容是對(duì)上文的補(bǔ)充，Inaddition表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。

7、這里講的是擁有不同種族人群的社會(huì)，用mixed表示混合的。

8、根據(jù)句意：所有這些因素都傾向于通過(guò)更多的生活領(lǐng)域來(lái)促進(jìn)社會(huì)變革。open表示打開(kāi)，開(kāi)放，符合原文句意，by+v-ing形式，所以這里填入opening。

9、本段前半部分提到的是擁有不同種族人群的社會(huì)，這里應(yīng)該指種族單一的社會(huì)。

10、根據(jù)下文，因?yàn)楹芏鄸|西都是一樣的，所以人們很少有機(jī)會(huì)看到變革的必要性或機(jī)會(huì)。fewer和上文的more相對(duì)。

11、根據(jù)原文可知，這里指社會(huì)變革。

12、根據(jù)句意：生活條件可能不令人滿意，但它們至少是一貫的無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議的。though/although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

13、根據(jù)句意可知，這里指社會(huì)變革在文化的物質(zhì)方面比在非物質(zhì)方面發(fā)生得更頻繁，也更容易發(fā)生。readily表示容易地。

14、根據(jù)句意，這里指在社會(huì)中不那么基礎(chǔ)的和不那么情緒化的方面。

15、填空處填入的詞應(yīng)和form相對(duì)，form表示形式上的，substance表示實(shí)質(zhì)上的，符合原文語(yǔ)境。

16、根據(jù)下文的strangeelements可推測(cè)，這里應(yīng)填入可接受的，合理的elements。

17、第三段是在前面兩段的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步加深，所以用Furthermore表示還有另一種情況。

18、根據(jù)句意：它更容易出現(xiàn)在持續(xù)的人際關(guān)系中，而不是出現(xiàn)在有明顯差異的人際關(guān)系中。morereadily表示更加容易，符合原文句意。

19、句意：這就是為什么變革在美國(guó)黑人當(dāng)中沒(méi)有來(lái)更快的原因。

20、原文句意指，跟美國(guó)少數(shù)民族相比較，所以用compared。

17.寫(xiě)作題

Writeanessayofabout250to300wordsonthetopic“ScienceandArts:theIntegrationintheDisciplineResearched"accordingtotheideagivenbelowandoutlineinChinese.

科學(xué)和藝術(shù)是促進(jìn)人類社會(huì)發(fā)展的兩個(gè)翅膀，一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，客觀，深遂而鍥而不舍地探究自然和社會(huì)的內(nèi)在構(gòu)架和發(fā)展路徑，一個(gè)表現(xiàn)華麗，張揚(yáng)，豐富多彩而魅力四射地展示著人們獨(dú)具的感知和想象的夢(mèng)境。兩者各具不同的特點(diǎn)但卻互相關(guān)聯(lián)著，在學(xué)術(shù)研究中，注重科學(xué)活動(dòng)過(guò)程的科學(xué)性和藝術(shù)性的這種相輔相成也會(huì)為我們的不同專業(yè)研究帶來(lái)絢麗而又實(shí)誠(chéng)的果實(shí)。請(qǐng)你結(jié)合自己的學(xué)科專業(yè)研究實(shí)際的例證，談?wù)勓芯炕顒?dòng)中科學(xué)性和藝術(shù)性關(guān)系會(huì)對(duì)自己未來(lái)發(fā)展的影響作用。

1）科學(xué)和藝術(shù)定義及其相輔相成的關(guān)系。

2）本專業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)研究中的科學(xué)性和藝術(shù)性相輔相成的特點(diǎn)。

3）用實(shí)例說(shuō)明兩者結(jié)合會(huì)為我的專業(yè)發(fā)展和研究帶來(lái)重要的突破和發(fā)展。

【答案】略

18.單選題

Bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,manydifferentkindsofProtestants（新教徒）livedtoAmerica.AlthoughtheChurchofEnglandwasanestablishedchurchinseveralcolonies,Protestantslivedsidebysideinrelativeharmony.Alreadytheyhadbeguntoinfluenceeachother.TheGreatAwakeningofthe1740s,a“revival”movementwhichsoughttobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligioncutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroups,ordenominations.

AtthesametimetheworksofJohnLockewerebecomingknowninAmerica.JohnLockereasonedthattherighttogoverncomesfromanagreementor“socialcontract”voluntarilyenteredintobyfreepeople.ThePuritanexperienceinformingcongregationsmadethisideaseemnaturaltomanyAmericans.Takingitoutoftherealmofsocialtheory,theymadeitarealityandformedanation.

ItwaspoliticsandnotreligionthatmostoccupiedAmericans’mindsduringtheWarofIndependenceandforyearsafterward.AfewAmericansweresoinfluencedbythenewscienceandnewideasoftheEnlightenmentinEuropethattheybecamedeists,believingthatreasonteachesthatGodexistsbutleavesmanfreetosettlehisownaffairs.

ManytraditionalProtestantsanddeistscouldagree,however,that,astheDeclarationofIndependencestates，”allmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheircreatorwithcertainunalienablerights,”andthat“thelawsofNatureandNature’sGod”entitledthemtoformanewnation.Amongtherightsthatthenewnationguaranteed,asapoliticalnecessityinareligiouslydiversesociety,wasfreedomofreligion.

TheFirstAmendment（修正案）totheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesforbadenewfederalgovernmenttogivespecialfavorstoanyreligionortohinderthefreepractice,orotherwiseofreligion.TheUnitedStateswouldhavenostate-supportedreligioninthisway,thosemenwhoformulatedtheprincipaltenetsofthenewlyestablishedpoliticalsystemhopedtoinsurethatdiversityofreligionbeliefshouldneverbecomethesourceofsocialorpoliticalinjusticeordisaffection.

TheFirstAmendmentinsuredthatAmericangovernmentwouldnotmeddleinreligiousaffairsorrequireanyreligiousbeliefsofitscitizens.Butdiditmeanthatgovernmentwouldbereligiouslyneutral,treatingallreligionsalike?

Insomeways,thegovernmentsupportsallreligions.ReligiousgroupsdonotpaytaxestotheUnitedStatesPresidentsandotherpoliticalleadersoftencallonGodtoblesstheAmericannationandpeople.Thosewhosereligionforbidsthemtofightcanperformotherservicesinsteadofbecomingsoldiers.Butgovernmentdoesnotpayministerssalariesorrequireanybelief-notevenabeliefinGod-asaconditionofholdingpublicoffice.Oathsareadministered,butthosewho,likeQuakers,objecttothem,canmakeasolemnaffirmation,ordeclaration,instead.

Thetruthisthatforsomepurposesgovernmentignoresreligionandforotherpurposedittreatsallreligionsalikeatleastasfarasispractical.Whendisputesabouttherelationshipbetweengovernmentandreligionarise,Americancourtsmustsettlethem.

1.WhatistheGreatAwakening?

2.WhatcontrolledAmericans’mindsduringtheWarofIndependence?

3.（

）

entitledAmericanstohavethefreedomofreligion.

4.IntheFirstAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,itisstipulatedthat

5.Whichofthefollowingistheproofthatthegovernmentignoresreligioninsomeways?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TocutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroupsordenomination.

B.Arevivalmovementofseekingtobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligion.

C.Tolivesidebysideinrelativeharmony.

D.Tospreadreligiousideatoothercountries.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Politics

B.Religion

C.Protestants

D.Church

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheFirstAmendment

B.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates

C.AmericanGovernment

D.TheDeclarationofIndependence

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thegovernmentcanentitlestate-supportedreligiontoenjoysomespecialrights

B.thegovernmentcannottakeanyactiontolimitthepracticeofanyreligion

C.theUnitedStateswouldhavenonationalreligion

D.thegovernmentwillnotinterveneinthesocialorpoliticalinjustice

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ReligiousgroupneednotpaytaxesintheUnitesStates.

B.PresidentseldomcallsonGodtoblessAmericaanditspeople

C.Forthosewho,likeQuakers,objecttothem,oathscanbereplacedbyasolemnaffirmationordeclaration.

D.Forthosewhosereligionforbidsthemtofight,performingotherservicescantaketheplaceofbeingsoldiers.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句TheGreatAwakeningofthe1740s,a“revival”movementwhichsoughttobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligioncutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroups,ordenominations提及“大覺(jué)醒運(yùn)動(dòng)”是為了為宗教帶來(lái)新氣象和新力量，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第三段第一句ItwaspoliticsandnotreligionthatmostoccupiedAmericans’mindsduringtheWarofIndependenceandforyearsafterward提到戰(zhàn)時(shí)政治占據(jù)了人們的思想，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.文章第四段提及《獨(dú)立宣言》（theDeclarationofIndependence）提倡人生而平等，并肯定了人們具有某些不可剝奪的權(quán)利，宗教自由就是其中之一。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第五段和第六段提及美國(guó)《憲法》《第一修正案》禁止政府樹(shù)立官方宗教或阻礙宗教自由，也不允許參與宗教事務(wù)和對(duì)公民的強(qiáng)加宗教信仰（forbadenewfederalgovernmenttogivespecialfavorstoanyreligionortohinderthefreepractice,orotherwiseofreligion）。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Oathsareadministered,butthosewho,likeQuakers,objecttothem,canmakeasolemnaffirmation,ordeclaration,instead提到向上帝宣誓并非強(qiáng)制性的，例如貴格派教徒可以用其他方式代替宣誓。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

19.單選題

Ifacompanyisalreadyeffectively（

）itscompetitorsbecauseitprovidesservicethatavoidsadamagingreputationandkeepscustomers（

）leavingatanunacceptablerate,theninvestmentinhigherservicelevelsmaybewasted,sinceserviceisadecidingfactorforcustomersonlyinextremesituation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inparwith...from

B.inaparwith...in

C.onparwith...outof

D.onaparwith...from

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。第一空的固定搭配是onaparwith“與……同等；和……一樣”；第二個(gè)空格處的搭配是“keepsb.fromdoingsth.”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.單選題

It’swellknownthatthebrainisafood-guzzlinggreedyguts,consuming20%ofthebody’senergythoughitonly________2%ofitsweight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accountsfor

B.contributesto

C.figuresout

D.makesupfor

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.accountsfor占……比例B.contributesto有助于，促成

C.figuresout想出，弄明白D.makesupfor補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。

【解題思路】though引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)從句內(nèi)容所得出的某種預(yù)期應(yīng)與上文“consuming20%ofthebody’senergy（消耗著身體百分之二十的能量）”之間存在相反的邏輯關(guān)系，說(shuō)明該預(yù)期應(yīng)為“消耗的身體能量很少”。通常來(lái)說(shuō)只有占了很多的身體重量，才會(huì)消耗更多的身體能量，由此可知從句部分所表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“只占很少的身體重量”。accountfor指組成或形成某物的一部分，因此A選項(xiàng)accountfor“占……比例”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)contributesto“有助于，促成”指作為促進(jìn)某件事的因素，不能和“weight（體重）”進(jìn)行搭配；

C選項(xiàng)figuresout“想出，弄明白”指通過(guò)思考理解某事物或找到解決辦法，不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)makesupfor“補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)”指做出行動(dòng)來(lái)糾正或改進(jìn)某事物，不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯。

【句意】眾所周知，大腦是一個(gè)狼吞虎咽的貪吃鬼，盡管它只占身體重量的百分之二，卻消耗著身體百分之二十的能量。

21.單選題

（）dullhemaybe，heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Although

B.Whatever

C.As

D.However

【答案】D

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，后面可以直接修飾形容詞的只有D選項(xiàng)however。A選項(xiàng)although“盡管，雖然”，作為連詞可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，后面接句子，應(yīng)用到這個(gè)句子里面應(yīng)該是：althoughhemaybedull；B選項(xiàng)whatever“不論什么”，后面應(yīng)該接名詞；C選項(xiàng)as“盡管，正如”，作為連詞可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，后面接句子，應(yīng)用到這個(gè)句子里面應(yīng)該是：dullashemaybe；句意：無(wú)論他多么遲鈍，他都是一名當(dāng)之無(wú)愧的成功高層主管人員。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

22.單選題

Acloseanalogytostudydesignistheroughsketchmadebyanartistbeforebecommitshisvisiontocanvas.Thebroadoutlinesaredrawn,theproperperspectiveachieved,andthetotalimpactofthepicture-to-becanbepartiallyappreciatedinadvance.Soitiswiththedesignofresearch;itspecifiesinadvancethekindsofstatementsthatcanbemadeonthebasisofitsfindingsandfixtheperspectivesagainstwhichthesefindingsaretobeevaluated.

Onemajorpurposeofthisstudywastodemonstratewhetherornotthenewersocialresearchtechniquescouldhelpinbroadeninganddeepeningknowledgeconcerningjuveniledelinquency.Constructionofthedesignwasguidedbythisgoalofexploringnewmethodsintheanalysisofjuveniledelinquency.However,researchtechniquedevelopedinonecontentcannotbemechanicallytransferredtoanother.Anewapplicationofaresearchtechniquerequiressubstantialchangesanditistheseinnovativemodificationsthatthisstudyoffersasitscontribution.

Juveniledelinquencyhasbeenthesubjectofmanypreviousstudiesusingavarietyofresearchtechniques.Thisstudymakesanadditionalcontributionbyusingadesignspeciallyplannedtopermitacomparisonofseveralapproaches.Thedrawingupofthestudydesignprofitedgreatlyfromanextensivesurveyofpreviousresearchesoncrime,undertakenduringtheearlieststageoftheproject.Itwasfoundthatmoststudiescouldbeclassifiedasbelongingstudyandpersonalmotivationstudy.

Eachtypehasitscharacteristicdesignandmodeofinterpretationandeachhasproducedinformationofconsiderableimportance.Yetnoattemptwasmadeinanyofthestudiestointegrateoneormoreofthesethreedesigntypes.Itbecameapparentthatonofthemajorcontributionsapilotstudycouldmaketobothmethodandsubstantivefindingswouldbetobringallthreestudytypestogetherinonedesignforthepurposeofcorrelatingtheirfindingsandevaluatingtheirrelativeimportanceinproducingdataofusetothepractitioner.

1.Thephrase"theproject"（Paragraph3）refersto（）.

2.InParagraphOnetheauthordrawsananalogybetween（）.

3.Themajorcontributionofthisstudyisto（）.

4.Thesubjectunderdiscussioninthepassageisabout（）.

5.Threedesigntypesofpreviousresearchesare（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anextensiveresearchoncrime

B.afullexplorationofresearchdesigns

C.anelaborateinvestigationintonewtechniques

D.acomprehensiveresearchofjuveniledelinquency

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aresearchandanartist

B.doingresearchanddrawingasketch

C.designingaresearchandmakingasketch

D.researchfindingandpicture’sperspectives

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.carryoutacomprehensiveanalysisofjuveniledelinquency

B.developanewresearchtechniqueeasilytransferredfromoneareatoanother

C.modifycreativelythepreviousresearchfindingofjuveniledelinquency

D.demonstratethesuccessfulapplicationofnewresearchtechniquesinanewarea

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.aresearchdesignconcerningjuveniledelinquency

B.applicationofanalogyinstudyingjuveniledelinquency

C.crimeandjuveniledelinquency

D.extensivesurveyofresearchersinjuveniledelinquency

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.interrelatedtoeachother

B.supplementarytoeachother

C.tobemodifiedconsiderably

D.tobeintegratedintoonedesign

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第三段Thedrawingupofthestudydesignprofitedgreatlyfromanextensivesurveyofpreviousresearchesoncrime,undertakenduringtheearlieststageoftheproject.該研究設(shè)計(jì)的制定得益于項(xiàng)目早期對(duì)以往犯罪研究的廣泛調(diào)查?？芍@個(gè)項(xiàng)目早期就已經(jīng)對(duì)青少年犯罪進(jìn)行了廣泛的研究。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。由第一段Acloseanalogytostudydesignistheroughsketchmadebyanartistbeforebecommitshisvisiontocanvas.學(xué)習(xí)設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)很好的類比就是藝術(shù)家在將他的視覺(jué)交付給畫(huà)布之前所畫(huà)的草圖?？芍司鋵⒆鲅芯吭O(shè)計(jì)與藝術(shù)家畫(huà)草圖進(jìn)行類比。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“contribution”可定位到第二段Anewapplicationofaresearchtechniquerequiressubstantialchangesanditistheseinnovativemodificationsthatthisstudyoffersasitscontribution.一項(xiàng)研究技術(shù)的新應(yīng)用需要實(shí)質(zhì)性的變化，而本研究的貢獻(xiàn)正是這些創(chuàng)新的改進(jìn)?？芍狢項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造性地改進(jìn)了以往關(guān)于青少年犯罪的研究成果?！闭_。

4.主旨大意題。文章開(kāi)頭就表明了主題是關(guān)于研究設(shè)計(jì)的。再由第二段Onemajorpurposeofthisstudywastodemonstratewhetherornotthenewersocialresearchtechniquescouldhelpinbroadeninganddeepeningknowledgeconcerningjuveniledelinquency.這項(xiàng)研究的一個(gè)主要目的是證明新的社會(huì)研究技術(shù)是否能夠幫助拓寬和加深有關(guān)青少年犯罪的知識(shí)。故A項(xiàng)“關(guān)于青少年犯罪的研究設(shè)計(jì)”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段Yetnoattemptwasmadeinanyofthestudiestointegrateoneormoreofthesethreedesigntypes.Itbecameapparentthatonofthemajorcontributionsapilotstudycouldmaketobothmethodandsubstantivefindingswouldbetobringallthreestudytypestogetherinonedesignforthepurposeofcorrelatingtheirfindingsandevaluatingtheirrelativeimportanceinproducin