考研考博-英語-中國石油大學（華東）考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國石油大學（華東）考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Improvedconsumerconfidenceis______toaneconomicrecovery.

問題1選項

A.crucial

B.subordinate

C.cumulative

D.satisfactory

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.crucial至關重要的，關鍵性的B.subordinate隸屬的，從屬的

C.cumulative（在力量或重要性方面）聚積的，積累的D.satisfactory令人滿意的，夠好的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“消費者信心的增強對經(jīng)濟復蘇______”可知，空格處表示“至關重要的”符合句意。因此，該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】消費者信心的增強對經(jīng)濟復蘇至關重要。

2.翻譯題

Employersneedtobetterunderstandpeoplewhoaredisabled.MostofustakeoffenceattheassumptionthatcollectingSocialSecurityIncomecanprovideuseverythingweneed.Unemploymentishumiliatingandawfullyboring,andthere’snomeaningthere.Excludingsomeonebecauseheorshehasadisabilitythatdoesnotaffectperformanceisequivalenttowrongssuchashiringbasedonrace.Everyonedeservestohavetheopportunitytodoagoodjob,andasaresulthaveasenseofprideinbeingapartofsociety.

【答案】【參考譯文】雇主需要更好地了解身體有障礙的人。一想到領取社會保障收入就能提供我們所需要的一切，我們大多數(shù)人都感到很生氣。失業(yè)是恥辱的，而且非常無聊，沒有任何意義。一個人的殘疾并不影響他或她的工作表現(xiàn)，但是卻因為這個而將他或她排除在外，這是錯誤的做法，這種錯誤無異于種族歧視。每個人都應該有機會做好工作，并因此對成為社會的一份子而感到自豪。

3.單選題

Itistruethat（

）awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.

問題1選項

A.multiplying

B.breeding

C.magnifying

D.generation

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。multiply意為“乘”；breed意為“飼養(yǎng)，培育(動植物)”；magnify意為“放大”；generation作名詞時，意為“產(chǎn)生，繁殖”。

句意：將野生植物培育成小麥等主要糧食作物需要進行大量的研究，這一點是千真萬確的。

4.單選題

Dailynutrition,weight,andphysicalactivitiesinthefamilywilllargelydeterminewhetheryourchildrenare（）tochildrendiabetes.

問題1選項

A.likely

B.susceptible

C.influential

D.sustainable

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。likely“很可能的，合適的”；susceptible“易受影響的”；influential“有影響力的”；sustainable“可以忍受的”。句意：家庭中的日常營養(yǎng)、體重和體育活動在很大程度上決定了你的孩子是否容易患上糖尿病。選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

Afterseveralnucleardisasters,a（

）hasragedoverthesafetyofnuclearenergy.

問題1選項

A.quarrel

B.suspicion

C.controversy

D.verdict

【答案】C

【解析】句意:發(fā)生幾次核災難之后，關于核能安全的問題引發(fā)了一場激烈的爭論。

名詞辨析。quarrel吵架,口角;suspicion懷疑,疑心;controversy爭論,辯論;verdict（陪審團的）裁定。故C符合句意。

6.單選題

WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways______enough.

問題1選項

A.inexplicable

B.healthy

C.sound

D.straight

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項inexplicable“費解的；無法說明的；不能解釋的”；B選項healthy“健康的，健全的；有益于健康的”；C選項sound“合理的；無損的；有能力的；充足的；徹底的；熟睡的；資金充實的；嚴厲的；健全的”；D選項straight“直的；連續(xù)的；筆直的；正直的；整齊的；異性戀的”。句意：我們可以靠威廉去完成這個任務，因為他的決策總是合理的。因此C選項正確。

7.單選題

Crimesbychildrenhavebeenrisingatafasterratethanthejuvenilepopulation.Abouthalfofsuchcrimesinvolvethetraditionaloffensesofthetheft,breakingandentering,andvandalism,butserious,violentcrimesaregoingupatastartlingrate.Therateofarmedrobbery,rape,andmurderbyjuvenileshaddoubledinadecade.Ifalltheneedsoftheadolescentcouldbemetadequatelyandwithoutdelay,withoutviolatinglaws,therewouldbenopointinviolation,andaminimumofinternal,indirect,anddirectcontrolwouldsufficetosecureconformity.Theobjectionmaybemadethatmanyviolationsarecommittedfortheexcitementoftheviolationitself.However,otherpossibilitiesforexcitementexistbesidesviolatinglawsandregulations.

Nocompleteandgenerallysatisfactorylistofneeds,eitherofchildrenoradults,hasbeencompiled.Theredoesseemtobeessentialconsensusontheneedsforaffection,andsecurity.Althoughthesecategoriesdonotexhausttheneedsofchildren,theyare,atleast,abeginning.

Onlysomeofthechild’sneeds,particularlythoseoftheadolescent,canbesatisfiedwithinthefamily.Thefamilydoes,however,alsogreatlyaffectthechancestheadolescentwillhaveinsatisfyinghisneedsintheschool,inhispeergroup,andlater,inhisoccupation.Ifheisabletosatisfyhisneedsreasonablywelloutsidethehome,insociallyapprovedways,thereislesspressuretoachievethemthroughdelinquentbehavior.

Astherearelimitationsuponwhatcanbeachievedbyindirectanddirectcontrol,soalsoaretherelimitationsastoneedsatisfactions.Adolescentshavewantsthatmustbedeferred,atleast,suchasforforeignsportcars,sexualsatisfactions,andadultincomeandstatus.Likewise,noteveryonecanbethecaptainofthefootballteam,thecampusqueenorthewinnerofscholarshiphonors.Atpresent,thereisnowaythatadolescentscanalwaysbemadetofeellovedandsecuredandnoassurancethattherewillalwaysbesomethinginterestingtodo.Ontheothersideoftheledger,thereisalwayssomeworktobedonetoobtain,inalegitimatemanner,whateverrecognitionandprivilegesarepossible.

Eventhoughcompleteandimmediatesatisfactionofneedsisnotordinarilypossible,familiescangofartowardthelegitimatesatisfactionofneedswithinthefamily,andtheycanprepareandlaunchtheadolescentinhisinteractionwithschool,peergroup,andoccupation,otherwisetheycanfailalmosttotallyinhelpingtomeetneedsinandoutsidethefamilythroughacceptablebehavior.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,juvenilescommitviolationsbecause（

）.

2.Thefourthparagraphiswrittentoillustratethat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingshouldthefamilydotoreducejuveniledelinquency?

4.Whichofthefollowingthemesdoestheauthorfocuson?

問題1選項

A.theywanttoderivepleasurefromtheviolationitself

B.theirneedsarenotsatisfiedcompletelyandimmediately

C.violatinglawsandregulationsoffersthemgreaterexcitement

D.notenoughcontrolisexercisedtomakethemconformtolaws

問題2選項

A.theimportantthingistogivechildrensomethinginterestingtodo

B.allthatchildrenneed,likeadults,arerecognitionandprivileges

C.childrencanbemadetofeellovedandsecureonlyathome

D.alltheneedsofanadolescentcannotbesatisfied

問題3選項

A.Exertdirectandindirectcontroloverthechildwithinthefamily.

B.Don’tinterfereinchildren’sbehaviorinoroutsidethefamily.

C.Trytohelpthechildrenmeetlegitimateneedsinandoutsidethefamily.

D.Tryitsbesttosatisfyallofthechildren’sneedswithinthefamily.

問題4選項

A.Needsatisfactionandjuveniledelinquency.

B.Adolescents’interactionwithfamily,schoolandsociety.

C.Familyaffectionanddevelopment.

D.Indirectanddirectcontroloveradolescents.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段第四句“Ifalltheneedsoftheadolescentcouldbemetadequatelyandwithoutdelay,withoutviolatinglaws,therewouldbenopointinviolation...”如果在不違反法律的情況下，能夠充分地及時地滿足青少年的所有需要，那么青少年就不會犯罪。選項B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第四段的二三句，青少年的某些需要必須被推遲，比如外國跑車，性滿足，成人的收入和地位。同樣，不是每個人都能成為足球隊隊長、?；ɑ颡剬W金獲得者。作者意在說明并不是青少年所有的需求都能得到滿足，選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)最后一段的內容可知，家庭可以在很大程度上滿足家庭內部的需求，并且可以鼓勵孩子與學校，同齡人團體以及職業(yè)相關的人和事交往互動。即幫助孩子滿足家庭內外的合法需求。選項C符合原文。

4.結合文章內容可知，本文主要討論的是滿足需要與青少年犯罪，選項A最能概括全文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

8.單選題

Sheisvery（

）aboutherappearance.Halfofhersalarygoestoclothes.

問題1選項

A.particular

B.peculiar

C.special

D.unusual

【答案】A

【解析】particularabout為固定短語搭配，意為“對...挑剔，過分講究的”。這里指她對自己的外表很講究。選項A符合句意。

9.單選題

Withhisstrongaccent,it’shardto___whathe’stryingtosay.

問題1選項

A.handout

B.sortout

C.sendout

D.figureout

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.handout分發(fā)B.sortout挑選出；分類

C.sendout發(fā)送；派遣D.figureout想出；弄明白

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】固定句型itis+形容詞+forsbtodosth，對某人來說做……是……的。With短語做原因狀語。句意為因為他的口音，我們很難聽清他在嘗試說什么。綜上所述，D選項figureout“想出、弄明白”可引申為此句所需的邏輯“弄清”以滿足上述條件。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均無法與空格前后構成相應邏輯關系。

【句意】他的口音很重，很難聽懂他想說什么。

10.填空題

5.A:Look!Thewindowis（1）.Becareful（2）thepiecesofglassonthefloor.They’re（3）.

B:Johnsayssomeone（4）arockthroughthewindowthismorning.Noonehasany（5）whoitwas.

【答案】1.broken

2.of

3.sharp

4.threw

5.idea

【解析】1.語義題。句意:窗戶壞了。bebroken表示“損壞的狀態(tài)”。

2.固定搭配。Becarefulof小心…。

3.語義題。這部分是形容玻璃碎片，故可以填入表示“鋒利”的sharp。

4.語義題。Throw扔(石頭)。句子說的是thismorning(早上)發(fā)生的事,因此用一般過去時。

5.固定搭配。Hasidea知道。

11.單選題

Broughtupinademocraticatmosphere,thestudentwasshockedbythe______andnarrownessexpressedbyseveralofhisclassmates.

問題1選項

A.indecisiveness

B.bigotry

C.callus

D.calumny

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項indecisiveness表示“猶豫不定”，B項bigotry表示“偏執(zhí)，頑固”，C項callus表示“愈合組織，老繭”，D項calumny表示“誹謗，中傷”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處和narrowness（狹隘）為并列成分，因此，四個選項中只有“偏執(zhí)”符合語境。句意：在民主的環(huán)境中長大的這個學生對他的幾個同學表現(xiàn)出的偏執(zhí)和狹隘感到震驚。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

12.單選題

They（

）hisclaimofinnocencewitheye-witnesstestimony

問題1選項

A.objected

B.opposed

C.contradicted

D.refuted

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。object“反對（一般與介詞to搭配使用）”；oppose“反對；對抗，抗爭”；contradict“反駁；否定；與······矛盾”；refute“駁斥”。句意：他們用目擊者的證詞來駁斥他聲稱自己無辜。選項D符合題意。

13.翻譯題

II.(本題3段，每段10分)

HumanisticpsychologyHumanisticpsychologistsbelievethatbehavioristsareover-concernedwiththescientificstudyandanalysisoftheactionsofmanasanorganism,totheneglectofbasicaspectsofmanasafeeling,thinkingindividual,andthattoomucheffortisspentinlaboratoryresearch,whichquantifiesandreduceshumanbehaviortoitselements.Humanistsalsotakeissuewiththedeterministicorientationofpsychoanalysis,whichpostulatesthatman’searlyexperiencesanddrivesdeterminehisbehavior.Humaniststendtobelievethattheindividualisresponsibleforhislifeandactionsandmaytimecreativelychangehisattitudesorbehaviorthroughawarenessandwill.Thehumanistisconcernedwiththefullestgrowthoftheindividualintheareasoflove,fulfillment,self-worth,andautonomy;maturationisconsideredaprocessduringwhichoneestablishesandfollowsone’ssystemofvalues.

ExperimentmethodTheexperimentisaresearchinwhichtheinvestigatormanipulatesavariablecarefullycontrolledconditionsandobserveswhetheranychangesoccurinasecondvariableasaresult.Thus,thepurposeofanexperimentistofindouthowonevariable,let’scallitX,affectsanothervariable,whichwe’llcallY.Inthisformulation,werefertoXastheindependentvariabletoYasthedependentvariable.Anindependentvariableisaconditionoreventthatanexperimentervariesinordertoseeitsimpactonanothervariable.Agoodshortcutforsortingouttheindependentvariablesinexperimentsistofitthevariablesintotheequation“HowXaffectsY.”

IntelligenceIntelligencereferstocognitiveabilitiesofanindividualtolearnfromexperience,toreasonwell,andtocopeeffectivelywiththedemandsofdailyliving.Inshort,intelligencehastodowithhowwellapersonisabletousecognitionincopingwiththeworld.Thetermintelligencewasnotinwidespreaduseuntilitwaspopularizedinthelate1800sbythewritingsofSirFrancisGalton.GaltonwasacousinofCharlesDarwin,thescientistcreditedfordevelopingthetheoryofevolutionbasedonnaturalselectionofinheritedcharacteristics.Galtonbelievedthatintellectualabilitywasinherited,andhetriedunsuccessfullytodevelopanintelligencetesttouseinhisresearch.Althoughhewasunsuccessfulinhisownresearch,Galtongavepsychologytheconceptofintelligence.

【答案】人本心理學14.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Afteryearsofexpansion,thesmartphonemarketispeaking.Somefirmsstillthrive:China'sHuawei,atelecomsgiant,predictsthatrevenuesfromitsconsumer-devicesdivisionwillrisebyabout50%thisyear.ButXiaomi,aninnovativeelectronicsfirmonceseenasChina'sanswertoApple,islosingsteam.AppleitselfannouncedweakerresultsonApril26th.RevenuesfromsalesingreaterChinafellby26%yearonyear.Asthemarketfordevicesmatures,however,consumerspendingisshiftingtoservices:datausagehasgrownattriple-digitratessince2012.

UntillastyearhousepriceswererisingpredominantlyinprosperouscentralLondonboroughs.Thatwaslargelybecauseofaninfluxofcash-richbuyers,saysNealHudsonofSavills,anestateagency.Peoplesawposhpropertyinthecapitalasashelterfromeconomicturmoilabroad.ElsewhereinBritain,however,thehousingmarketwastorpid.Potentialbuyersstruggledtofindmortgages.Fallingrealwages,economicuncertaintyandthememoryofplummetinghousepricesduringthecrisiscurbedtheobsessionwithpropertyintheseareas.

【答案】經(jīng)過多年的擴張，智能手機市場正處于頂峰狀態(tài)。一些企業(yè)仍在茁壯成長：中國電信巨頭華為預測，其自身消費設備部門今年的收入將增長約50%。然而，曾經(jīng)被看成是中國對蘋果公司競爭回應的一家創(chuàng)新性電子公司小米卻正在失去收入增加的動力。在4月26日，蘋果自己也宣布了較弱的業(yè)績。蘋果在大中華地區(qū)銷售額同比下降26%。然而，隨著電子設備市場的成熟，消費者的支出也正在轉向服務方面：自2012年以來，數(shù)據(jù)流量使用一直保持三位數(shù)的增長率。

直到去年，在繁榮的倫敦市中心地區(qū)的房價一直在顯著上升。房地產(chǎn)中介第一太平戴維斯公司(SaviHs)的尼爾?哈德遜(NealHudson)聲稱，這在很大程度上是因為現(xiàn)金充裕的買家涌入。人們把首都的高檔房產(chǎn)看作是國外經(jīng)濟動蕩的避風港。然而，在英國的其他地方，房地產(chǎn)市場卻是萎靡不振的。潛在買家為了找到抵押貸款而苦苦掙扎。在經(jīng)濟危機期間，實際工資的下降、經(jīng)濟的不穩(wěn)定性和對房價暴跌的記憶都遏制了英國人對這些地區(qū)房地產(chǎn)的癡迷。

15.單選題

Ourcommitteehaselectedanew（）.

問題1選項

A.chief

B.principal

C.head

D.chairman

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查名詞用法。A選項chief“首領，頭目”，B選項principal“校長”，C選項head“負責人，領導人”，D選項chairman“（會議的）主席，主持人，（委員會的）委員長，主席，（公司等的）董事長”。句意：我們委員會選出了一位新的委員長。因此，D選項符合句意。

16.單選題

In1923theinnovativeRussianfilmmakerDzigaVertovdescribedfilmmakingasaprocessthatleadsviewerstowarda“freshperceptionoftheworld.”Vertov’sdescriptionoffilmmakingshouldapplytofilmsonthesubjectofart.Yetfilmsonarthavenothadapowerfulandpervasiveeffectonthewaywesee.

Publicationsonartflourish,butthesebooksandarticlesdonotnecessarilysucceedinteachingustoseemoredeeplyormoreclearly.Muchwritinginarthistoryadvancesthediscourseinthefieldbutisunlikelytoinformtheeyeofoneunfamiliarwithitspolemics.Films,however,withtheircapacitytopresentmaterialvisuallyandtoreachabroaderaudience,havethepotentialtoenhancevisualliteracy(theabilitytoidentifythedetailsthatcharacterizeaparticularstyle)moreeffectivelythanpublicationscan.Unfortunately,fewofthehundredorsofilmsonartthataremadeeachyearintheUnitedStatesarebroadcastnationallyonprime-timetelevision.

Thefactthatfilmsonartarerarelyseenonprime-timetelevisionmaybeduenotonlytolimitationsondistributionbutalsototheshortcomingsofmanysuchfilms.Someoftheseshortcomingscanbeattributedtothefailureofarthistoriansandfilmmakerstocollaboratecloselyenoughwhenmakingfilmsonart.Theseprofessionalsareable,withintheirrespectivedisciplines,toincreaseourawarenessofvisualforms.Forclosecollaborationtooccur,professionalsineachdisciplineneedtorecognizethatfilmsonartcanbebotheducationalandentertaining,butthiswillrequirecompromiseonbothsides.Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.Filmmakersneedtoresisttheimpulsetomovethecameraquicklyfromdetailtodetailforfearofboringtheviewer,toframetheimageforthesakeofdramaalone,toadmusicforfearofsilence.Filmmakersareawarethatanartobjectdemandsconcentrationand,atthesametime,areconcernedthatitmaynotbecompellingenough-andsotheyhopetoprovidereliefbyinterposing“real”scenesthatbearonlyatangentialrelationshiptothesubject.Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.Ontheotherhand,arthistoriansneedtotrustthatonecanindicateandanalyze,notsolelywithwords,butalsobydirectingtheviewer’sgaze.Thespecializedwrittenlanguageofarthistoryneedstoberelinquishedoratleasttemperedforthescreen.Onlyaneffectivecollaborationbetweenfilmmakersandarthistorianscancreatefilmsthatwillenhanceviewers’perceptionsofart.

1.Thepassagesuggeststhatafilmmakerdesiringtoenhanceviewers’perceptionsofartshoulddowhichofthefollowing?

2.TheauthorofthepassagereferstoVertovinthefirstparagraphmostprobablyinorderto

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

4.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

5.Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfilmandvisualliteracy?

6.Accordingtothepassage,arthistoriansdesiringtoworkwithfilmmakerstoenhancethepublic’sappreciationofartneedtoacknowledgewhichofthefollowing?

7.Whichofthefollowingwoulddescribetheauthor’smostlikelyreactiontoaclaimthatfilmsonartwouldmoresuccessfullypromotevisualliteracyiftheyfollowedthestandardssetforrockvideos?

問題1選項

A.Relyonthepreciselanguageofarthistorywhendevelopingscriptsforfilmsonart.

B.Relyondramaticnarrativeandmusictosetafilm’stoneandstyle.

C.Recognizethataworkofartbyitselfcanbecompellingenoughtoholdaviewer’sattention.

D.Dependmorestronglyonnarrationinsteadofcameramovementstoguidetheviewer’sgaze.

問題2選項

A.provideanexampleofhowfilmscanbeusedtoinfluenceperceptions

B.presentevidencetosupporttheargumentthatfilmshavebeenusedsuccessfullytoinfluenceviewers’perceptions

C.introducethenotionthatfilmcaninfluencehowviewerssee

D.contrastatraditionalviewoftheusesoffilmwithamoremodemview

問題3選項

A.Anobservationaboutanunsatisfactorysituationisoffered,thereasonsforthesituationarediscussed,andthenwaystochangeitaresuggested.

B.Twoopinionsregardingacontroversialphenomenonarecontrasted,supportingevidenceforeachispresented,andthenthetwoopinionsarereconciled.

C.Criticismofapointofviewisdiscussed,thecriticismisanswered,andthenthecriticismisappliedtoanotherpointofview.

D.Apointofviewisdescribed,evidencesupportingtheviewisprovided,andthenasummaryispresented.

問題4選項

A.discussingwhyfilm’spotentialasamediumforpresentingarttothegeneralpublichasnotbeenfullyrealizedandhowfilmmightbemademoreeffectiveinthisregard

B.discussingtheshortcomingsoffilmsonartandthetechnologicalinnovationsrequiredtoincreasetheimpactoffilmonvisualliteracy

C.discussingtheadvantagesandthedisadvantagesofusingfilmsratherthanpublicationstopresentworksofarttothegeneralpublic

D.presentinginformationtosupporttheviewthatfilmsonartmustfocusmoreoneducationandlessonentertainmentinordertoincreasevisualliteracy.

問題5選項

A.Readingapublicationaboutaworkofartandthenseeingafilmaboutthesameworkisthemosteffectivewaytodevelopvisualliteracy.

B.Anincreaseinaviewer’sawarenessofvisualformswillalsoleadtoanincreasedattentionspan.

C.Filmhasagreatbutnotyetfullyexploitedcapacitytoincreaseviewers’awarenessofvisualforms.

D.Afilmthatfocusesonthedetailsofaworkofartwillhinderthedevelopmentofvisualliteracy.

問題6選項

A.Thearthistorian’sroleinthecreationofafilmonartislikelytobearelativelyminorone.

B.Filmcanusenonverbalmeanstoachievesomeofthesameresultsthataspokenorwrittendiscoursecanachieve.

C.Anin-depthanalysisofaworkofartisnotanappropriatetopicforafilmonart.

D.Althoughsilencemaybeanappropriateback-groundwhenviewingaworkofartinamuseum,itisinappropriateinafilm.

問題7選項

A.Ambivalence

B.Indifference

C.Sympathy

D.Disdain

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第三段：Filmmakersareawarethatanartobjectdemandsconcentration.制片人要意識到藝術的目標就是吸引注意力。確定C選項‘承認藝術作品本身有足夠的魅力可以吸引觀眾的注意’正確。A選項‘在創(chuàng)作藝術類電影時，需要精準的藝術史語言’、B選項‘設計電影基調與風格時，需要戲劇性的敘事與音樂’和D選項‘要抓住觀眾的注意力，更多的依靠的是敘事，而不是移動的鏡頭’與原文不符，排除。

2.根據(jù)文章第一段：...describedfilmmakingasaprocessthatleadsviewerstowarda“freshperceptionoftheworld”.Vertov’sdescriptionoffilmmakingshouldapplytofilmsonthesubjectofart.認為電影制作是一個讓觀眾重新感知世界的過程。托夫影制作的描述是把電影看成是一種藝術。確定C選項‘闡述一個概念：電影是如何影響觀眾的視覺’正確。A選項‘舉個例子說明電影可以影響感知力’、B選項‘為以下論點提供論據(jù)：電影已經(jīng)成功影響了觀眾的感知力’和D選項‘將對電影作用的傳統(tǒng)觀點與現(xiàn)代觀點進行比較’與原文不符，排除。

3.整個文章是按照先講問題，再分析原因，最后提出解決辦法這一模式行文的，所以A選項‘先提出觀察到的令人不滿意的現(xiàn)狀，再分析原因，最后給出解決方法’正確。B選項‘先提出兩個矛盾的觀點，再提出各自支持的論據(jù)，最后將兩個矛盾綜合’、C選項‘先批駁一個觀點，再反駁回去，然后再批駁另一個觀點’和D選項‘先提出一個觀點，再給支持該觀點的論據(jù)，最后總結’不符合原文的寫作結構，排除。

4.根據(jù)文章第二段：Films...havethepotentialtoenhancevisualliteracymoreeffectivelythanpublicationscan:電影比出版物更具有提高觀眾視覺認識能力的潛力。第三段：Thefactthatfilmsonartarerarelyseenonprime-timetelevisionmaybeduenotonlytolimitationsondistributionbutalsototheshortcomingsofmanysuchfilms.藝術類電影很少在黃金時段播出，究其原因，一方面是因為分配的限制，另一方面就是許多這類影片本身的不足之處。由確定B選項‘討論藝術類電影本身的不足之處以及技術創(chuàng)新，要求提高對視覺認識能力的影響力’符合題意。A選項‘討論電影作為媒體，其向大眾傳播藝術的潛力沒有得到充分發(fā)揮的原因，以及電影在這方面或許有著更大的效應’、C選項‘討論與出版物相比，運用電影這一方式向大眾宣傳藝術作品的優(yōu)勢與劣勢’和D選項‘為以下觀點提供論據(jù)：藝術類電影為了提高觀眾的視覺認識能力，把重點放在教育意義上而非娛樂性‘不符合原文，排除。

5.根據(jù)文章第三段：Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.創(chuàng)作藝術類影片的制片人不應當遵循拍攝搖滾影片和廣告的標準。Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.Ontheotherhand,arthistoriansneedtotrustthatonecanindicateandanalyze,notsolelywithwords...藝術作品需要開發(fā)出屬于自己的特色語言或術語。藝術歷史學家也要相信觀眾有能力去辨析，而不是僅僅依靠言語。確定C選項‘電影在提高觀眾的視覺形式意識方面，大有潛力可挖’正確。A選項‘閱讀有關藝術作品的出版物，然后看一場同類型的電影，這是提高觀眾視覺認識能力最有效的方法’、B選項‘觀眾視覺認識能力的擴大將擴大觀眾注意力的范圍’和D選項‘以藝術類作品為題裁的電影將會阻礙視覺認識能力的發(fā)展’不符合原文。

6.根據(jù)文章第三段：Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.創(chuàng)作藝術類影片的制片人不應當遵循拍攝搖滾影片和廣告的標準。Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.Ontheotherhand,arthistoriansneedtotrustthatonecanindicateandanalyze,notsolelywithwords...：藝術作品需要開發(fā)出屬于自己的特色語言或術語。藝術歷史學家也要相信觀眾有能力去辨析，而不是僅僅依靠言語。由此確定B選項‘演講或書面言語所取得的效果，電影可以通過非言語的方式獲得同樣的效果‘正確。A選項‘藝術歷史學家創(chuàng)作藝術類電影的作用相對降低了’、C選項‘進一步分析藝術類作品不適合成為藝術類電影的主題的原因’和D選項‘在博物館欣賞藝術作品時，寂靜與之最為相村，可是這一點并不適合用在電影中’不符合原文，排除。

7.根據(jù)文章第三段：Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.合作藝術類影片的制片人不應當遵循拍攝搖滾影片和廣告的標準。Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.藝術作品需要開發(fā)出屬于自己的特色語言或術語。由此得出，如果遵照做了，勢必產(chǎn)生相反的效果。所以D選項‘蔑視’符合題意。A選項‘矛盾心理’、B選項‘漠不關心’和C選項‘同情’不符合原文，排除。

17.單選題

Theyarelookingforsomewayto（）theirappetite.

問題1選項

A.satiate

B.apply

C.strengthen

D.sustain

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項satiate“充分滿足；使厭膩”；B選項apply“申請；涂，敷；適用”；C選項strengthen“加強；鞏固”；D選項sustain“維持；支撐，承擔”。句意：他們正在尋找填飽肚子的方法。此題選A，可以把“satiateappetite”理解為“填飽肚子”。

18.單選題

Thereissupposedtobeasafety（）whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide,thusitcanavoidheavylosses.

問題1選項

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】句意:應該要有一個可以避免火車相撞的機制，從而避免重大損失。

考查名詞辨析。appliance器具，器械，裝置，家用電器；accessory配件，附件，［法］從犯，（衣服的）配飾；machine機械；mechanism機制，機械裝置。因此D符合句意。

19.單選題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses—thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargeandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatstructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What”andifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinbornandaresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handling,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnection.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“l(fā)anguagesubjects”andboysbetteratmath’sandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectsandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviacorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvingintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,braindifferencesarecausedby______factors.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepsychologists’attitudetowardstheissuethatwomen’smindsaredifferentfrommen’s?

3.“Thesedifferences”inParagraph5referstothosein______.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorsuggestsmoreworkon______.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.biological

B.psychological

C.mental

D.social

問題2選項

A.Theyusedtoconsidertheissueuninterestingandnotworthresearching.

B.Theyfindthatthedifferenceisattributedtotheinfluenceofthesociety.

C.Theyhavealreadygivenupfindingouttherealcauseofthedifference.

D.Theystudytheissuefromaperspectivedifferentfromthatofthebiologists.

問題3選項

A.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

B.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

C.theperformanceonschoolsubjects

D.theskillsofmenandwomen

問題4選項

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen

C.thefunctioningofpartsofthebrain

D.theeffectsofthetrunkline10.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問題5選項

A.Toproposenewfieldsinbrainresearch.

B.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariouscausesofstructuraldifferencesinbrain.

D.Toexplaintherelationshipbetweengenderandbrainstructure.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，大腦的差異是由……因素造成的”。第三段提到Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?（我們傾向于認為是社會的影響造成了這些差異。但我們可能錯了嗎？），聯(lián)系后文并沒有否定這個認為，因此D項“社會”符合題意；A項“生理”、B項“心理”和C項“精神”在文中都沒有明確提到是其因素。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。題干意思是“以下哪一個最好地描述了心理學家對女性的思想不同于男性這一問題的態(tài)度？”。根據(jù)第一段中的Women’smindswor