考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Hopehelps.Itkeepsusgoinginbleaktimesandamid（）news.Buthopehasmorecredibilitywhenwecanpointtothereasonforit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disheartened

B.disheartening

C.enlightening

D.enlightened

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。disheartening“使沮喪”；disheartened“沮喪的”；enlightening“使人領(lǐng)悟的”；enlightened“被啟發(fā)的”。根據(jù)題意，空格中的形容詞用來形容news，形容物體用-ing形式的形容詞，選項(xiàng)A，D可排除。句意：希望是有幫助的。在暗淡的時光和令人沮喪的消息中，能夠保持繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。但是希望更讓人信服，當(dāng)我們有理由去相信的時候。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.問答題

Themuseumisclosedthisafternoon.(Thereis)

【答案】Thereisnomuseumavailablethisafternoon.

3.單選題

Thegreatflames（）throughthedarkness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glared

B.shone

C.shot

D.flared

【答案】D

【解析】glare怒視，瞪眼；shine閃耀，多指光照，光線等；shoot射擊；flare閃耀，多指火焰等。句意：巨大的火焰在夜空中閃耀。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.單選題

Whywasthesuggestionthatshe（

）toourpartyrejectedthedaybeforeyesterday?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beinvited

B.tobeinvited

C.beinginvited

D.hasbeeninvited

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在表示“建議、要求、命令、意愿”等意義的名詞，后面跟的表語從句中和同位語從句中謂語動詞用“（should）+動詞原形”的虛擬語氣，should可以省略，因此選A。

句意：為什么前天她受邀參加我們聚會的建議被拒絕了？

5.單選題

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:Saltisbadforyou—regardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard.“Thereisadirectrelationship，”USCongressmanNealSmithnoted,betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath.”

Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar.“Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,”Dr.Dustaninsists.“Formostofusitprobablydoesn’tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat.’’Dustan’smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureunderwentnochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.

“Anadequatetosomewhatexcessivesaltintakehasprobablysavedmanymorelivesthanithascostinthegeneralpopulation，”notesDr.JohnH.Laragh.“Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense.”

Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable“moderation”insaltconsumption.Foranaverageperson,amoderateamountmightrunfromfourtotengramsaday,orroughly1/2to1/3ofateaspoon.Theequivalentofonetotwogramsofthissaltallowancewouldcomefromthenaturalsodiuminfood.Therestwouldbeaddedinprocessing,preparationoratthetable.Thosewithkidney,liverorheartproblemsmayhavetolimitdietarysalt,iftheirdoctoradvises.Buteventheveryvocal“l(fā)owsalt”exponent,Dr.ArthurHullHayesJr.admitsthat“wedonotknowwhetherincreasedsodiumconsumptioncauseshypertension.’’Infact,thereisincreasingscientificevidencethatotherfactorsmaybeinvolved:deficienciesincalcium,potassium,perhapsmagnesium,obesity(muchmoredangerousthansodium),genericpredisposition,stress.

“Itisnotyourenemy，”saysDr.Laragh.“SaltistheNo.1naturalcomponentofallhumantissue,andtheideathatyoudon’tneeditiswrong.Unlessyourdoctorhasproventhatyouhaveasalt-relatedhealthproblem,thereisnoreasontogiveitup.”

1.Accordingtosomedoctorsandpoliticians,theamountofsaltconsumed（

）

2.FromDr.Dustan’sstudywecaninferthat（

）

3.Inthethirdparagraph,Dr.Laraghimpliesthat（

）

4.Whatisthemainmessageofthistext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhibitsasanaggravatingfactortopeopleinpoorhealth.

B.curesdiseasessuchasstrokeandcirculatorydisorders.

C.correlateshighlywithsomediseases.

D.isirrelevanttopeoplesufferingfromheartdisease.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.alow-saltdietmaybeprescribedforsomepeople.

B.theamountofsaltintakehasnothingtodowithone’sbloodpressure.

C.thereductionofsaltintakecancureahypertensivepatient.

D.anextremelylow-saltdietmakesnodifferencetoanyone.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldnotbeafraidoftakingexcessivesalt.

B.doctorsshouldnotadvisepeopletoavoidsalt.

C.anadequatetoexcessivesaltintakeisrecommendedforpeopleindisease.

D.excessivesaltintakehasclaimedsomevictimsinthegeneralpopulation.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thatthesaltscareisnotjustified.

B.Thattheoriginofhypertensionisnowfound.

C.Thatthemoderateuseofsaltisrecommended.

D.Thatsaltconsumptionistobepromoted.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的文章意思，以及第三句中的“directrelationship”，可以得出選項(xiàng)C最符合題意。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的內(nèi)容，試驗(yàn)中一半的高血壓患者在食用低鹽食品時血壓有所降低，可以推斷出低鹽飲食可以作為治療高血壓患者的一個方法。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，充足或者稍微過量的攝入鹽，會拯救更多的人，而不是只會害死人，不可能建議所有人群都禁止食用食鹽。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.信息歸納題。根據(jù)文章意思，A選項(xiàng)中的理論并未得到證實(shí)，B和D選項(xiàng)文中沒有提及。用排除法可知，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Theascenttothemountainis（）butanyonewhomakesittothetopisrewardedbyaspectacularview.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.helpful

B.assiduous

C.arduous

D.unique

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。helpful“有幫助的”；assiduous“刻苦的，勤勉的”；arduous“努力的，費(fèi)力的”；unique“特別的”。句意：登到山頂是艱苦的，但任何成功登頂?shù)娜硕紩蕾p到壯觀的景色。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

（

）1980thatVoyagertransmittedphotographsofSaturntoearth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whenitwas

B.During

C.Itwasin

D.Thatwasin

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題目中的that和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可判斷本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型為：Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who……，句意：正是在1980年，“旅行者”號向地球傳送了土星的照片。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.翻譯題

過去，人們并沒有充分認(rèn)識到污染給環(huán)境造成的影響。只是把它看成一種會熏黑房屋，弄臟河流的令人討厭的東西。

【答案】

Inthepast,peoplewerenotfullyawareoftheimpactofpollutionontheenvironment.Weregarditasanobnoxiousthingwhichcanblackenhouseanddirtyriver.

9.單選題

Onlyonemoreweekandthecontractwill____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.runout

B.bringabout

C.putthrough

D.carryon

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.runout用完；到期B.bringabout引起

C.putthrough給……接通電話；使……遭受D.carryon繼續(xù)；從事；進(jìn)行

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】句意：再過一個星期，合同就……。根據(jù)句意，可以推測，再過一個星期，有效的合同就到期結(jié)束了。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合句意；

D選項(xiàng)，這里指的是合同再過一個星期就到期了，而不是合同繼續(xù)，該選項(xiàng)不符合邏輯。

【句意】再過一個星期合同就到期了。

10.單選題

Thisbookshouldbewell-recommendedwithinthe（

）ofanyonewhohasstudiedEnglishforfouryears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.possession

B.competence

C.confidence

D.qualification

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:應(yīng)向?qū)W過四年英語的人力薦這本書。

possession:擁有，所有,個人財(cái)產(chǎn)。competence:能力，勝任,本領(lǐng)。confidence:信心。qualification:資格，條件。

11.單選題

Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo（

）bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unrecorded

B.tobeunrecorded

C.unrecording

D.tohavebeenunrecorded

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配題。根據(jù)句意‘這些調(diào)查表明許多犯罪…，主要因?yàn)椴皇撬械氖芎φ叨紩e報(bào)。’確定空格處填的意思是否定含義‘沒有被記錄’，動詞go與否定式的過去分詞連用，表示某動作未發(fā)生，A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Onlineschools,which（）theneedsofdifferentpeople,haveemergedasanincreasinglypopulareducationalternative.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consentto

B.stirup

C.switchon

D.caterto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)consentto“同意；答應(yīng)；贊成”；B選項(xiàng)stirup“激起；煽動；攪拌；喚起”；C選項(xiàng)switchon“接通，開啟”；D選項(xiàng)caterto“迎合；為……服務(wù)”。句意：滿足不同人群需求的網(wǎng)上學(xué)校已經(jīng)成為一種日益流行的教育方式。由空格后的關(guān)鍵詞“theneedsof……的需求”可知“迎合”符合句意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

（）outsideinthestreet,themanwassenttohospitalatonce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tobefounddying

B.Findingdead

C.Foundlyinganddyingfast

D.Foundlyingandalmostdied

【答案】C

【解析】考查分詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Tobefounddying“被發(fā)現(xiàn)奄奄一息”；動詞不定式表將來，本句所用一般過去式，故排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)Findingdead“發(fā)現(xiàn)死者”；主語是theman和find之間的關(guān)系為被動關(guān)系，故排除B選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)Foundlyingandalmostdied有語病，die是瞬間動詞，也不能用almost修飾，可以用die的連續(xù)性動詞dying“奄奄一息的”。句意：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個男人躺在大街上奄奄一息的時候，立即將他送往醫(yī)院。故選C。

14.單選題

AbigprobleminlearningEnglishasaforeignlanguageislackofopportunitiesfor（

）interactionwithproficientspeakersofEnglish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instantaneous

B.provocative

C.verbal

D.dual

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)instantaneous“瞬間的；即時的”；B選項(xiàng)provocative“刺激的；氣人的”；C選項(xiàng)verbal“口頭的；言語的”；D選項(xiàng)dual“雙的；雙重的”。句意：把英語作為一門外語來學(xué)習(xí)的大問題在于缺少與精通英語的人進(jìn)行……交流的機(jī)會。綜合句意與選項(xiàng)可知，大問題是缺少與speakerofEnglish進(jìn)行“口頭交流”的機(jī)會。C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohastheuseoftheEnglishlanguage.

AftertheBritishBroadcastingCorporation(BBC)wasfoundedin1927,theparticularstyleofspeechoftheBBCannouncerswasrecognizedasStandardEnglishorReceivedPronunciation(RP)English.Now,mostpeoplestillconsiderthatthepronunciationanddeliveryofBBCannouncersistheclearestandmostunderstandablespokenEnglish.

Englishhashadastrongassociationwithclassandsocialstatus.However,sincetheSecondWorldWartherehasbeenaconsiderablechangeofattitudetowardsspeechsnobbery,andhallmarksofclassdistinctionsuchasstylesofspeechhavebeengraduallydiscarded,especiallybytheyoungergeneration.

Astheneedhasarisen,newwordshavebeeninventedorfoundfromotherlanguagesandincorporatedintoEnglish.Similarly,oldwordsandexpressionshavebeendiscardedastheirusefulnesshasdiminishedorthefashionshavepassed.Thisalsohappenstostylesandmodesofspeechwhichbecamefashionableataparticulartimeandinspecificcircumstances.

Bytheendofthe1960sitbecameapparentthatitwasnotnecessarytospeakStandardEnglishorevencorrectgrammartobecomepopular,successfulandrich.Thefashionablespeechofthedaywasnolongertheprerogativeofaprivilegedclassbutratheradefiantexpressionofclasslessness.

ThegreatestsingleinfluenceoftheshapingoftheEnglishlanguageinmoderntimesistheAmericanEnglish.Overthelast25yearstheEnglishusedbymanypeople,particularlybythoseinthemedia,advertisingandshowbusiness,hasbecomemoreandmoremid-Atlanticinstyle,deliveryandaccent.

Inthe1970s,fashionfavoredstresslesspronunciationandalanguagefullofjargon,slangand“in”words,muchofitquiteincomprehensibletotheoutsideworld.WhatisconsideredmodernandfashionableinBritaintodayisoftennotthekindofEnglishtaughtinschoolsandcolleges.

1.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“therehasbeenaconsiderablechangeofattitudetowardsspeechsnobbery”(Para.3)?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasatrendintheU.S.fortheyoungpeople______.

4.Theword“mid-Atlantic”inthepassage(Para.6)probablymeans______.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheuseoftheEnglishlanguagehasnotchangedmuchinthiscentury.

B.TheBBCannouncersspeakStandardEnglish.

C.Englishhasnoassociationwithclassandsocialstatusnow.

D.YoungpeopleallspeakEnglishinthesameway.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.PeopleallspeakEnglishlikeBBCannouncers.

B.ThereisagreatchangeofattitudeabouthowEnglishshouldbespoken.

C.Somepeoplestillthinktheirwayofspeakingisinferior.

D.Mostpeopledon’tbelievetheirwayofspeakingisinferior.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tospeakStandardEnglish

B.tospeakEnglishwithoutclassdistinction

C.tospeakEnglishwithclassdistinction

D.tospeakEnglishwithgrammarmistakes

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanandEuropean

B.AmericanandBritish

C.theAtlanticOcean

D.inthemiddleoftheAtlanticOcean

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.StandardEnglishistaughtinschoolandcolleges

B.theyoungpeoplearedefiantbecausetheyrefusetospeakStandardEnglish

C.EnglishlanguageisinfluencedbyAmericanEnglishinthelast25years

D.therehasbeenagreatchangeintheEnglishlanguageinthiscentury

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohastheuseoftheEnglishlanguage.（在這個世紀(jì)里，隨著英語語言的快速變化，英語語言的使用也在快速變化。），說明隨著英語語言有了很大的改變，英語語言的使用也同樣如此。因此A選項(xiàng)“本世紀(jì)以來，英語的使用沒有什么變化”與原文不符，本題選A。B選項(xiàng)“BBC的播音員說的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語”，C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在英語與階級和社會地位沒有關(guān)聯(lián)”，D選項(xiàng)“年輕人都以同樣的方式說英語”在文中均有所提及，所以排除B,C,D。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第二句However,sincetheSecondWorldWartherehasbeenaconsiderablechangeofattitudetowardsspeechsnobbery（然而，自第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來，人們對言語勢利的態(tài)度發(fā)生了相當(dāng)大的變化），“言語勢利”是指通過言語判斷社會階層，說明大部分人不認(rèn)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語有什么了不起了。因此D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人不認(rèn)為他們的說話方式是低劣的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人們都像BBC播音員一樣說英語”在文中沒有提及，所以A錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“對如何說英語的態(tài)度有了很大的改變”，原文只說對于言語勢利的態(tài)度發(fā)生了變化，所以B錯誤。C選項(xiàng)“有些人仍然認(rèn)為他們的說話方式是低劣的”與原文意思相反，所以C錯誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第二句andhallmarksofclassdistinctionsuchasstylesofspeechhavebeengraduallydiscarded,especiallybytheyoungergeneration.（諸如言論風(fēng)格等階級區(qū)分的標(biāo)志逐漸被摒棄，尤其是在年輕一代中。），說明年輕人使用英語沒有了階級劃分。因此B選項(xiàng)“說英語不分等級”正確。A選項(xiàng)“說標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語”，C選項(xiàng)“說有階級差別的英語”，D選項(xiàng)“說有語法錯誤的英語”均不符合題意，所以A,C,D錯誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“mid-Atlantic”可以定位到文章第六段第二句Overthelast25yearstheEnglishusedbymanypeople,particularlybythoseinthemedia,advertisingandshowbusiness,hasbecomemoreandmoremid-Atlanticinstyle,deliveryandaccent.（在過去的25年里，許多人使用的英語，尤其是媒體、廣告和演藝界使用的英語，在風(fēng)格、表達(dá)方式和口音上越來越像大西洋中部的英語。），說明美式英語對英語影響很大，前文第二段又說到BBC英式英語一直是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語，那么現(xiàn)在的英語就必定是受美式英語很大影響的英式英語，而地理上大西洋正好位于英、美之間。因此B選項(xiàng)“美國和英國”正確。A選項(xiàng)“美國和歐洲”，C選項(xiàng)“大西洋”，D選項(xiàng)“在大西洋的中間”均不符合題意，所以A,C,D錯誤。

5.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校里教的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語”，由原文可知，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語就是BBC英語，學(xué)校不可能都在教BBC英語，所以A錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“年輕人拒講標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語因?yàn)樗麄兪桥涯娴摹?，由原文可知，年輕人主要是不想在講話時顯出階級差別，事實(shí)上二戰(zhàn)后很多人都這樣，不僅是年輕人，不能根據(jù)這一點(diǎn)說明年輕人是叛逆的，所以B錯誤。C選項(xiàng)“在過去的25年里，英語受到美國英語的影響”，由原文可知，語言的影響是一個長期的過程，不能說在特定一段時間影響，所以C錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“本世紀(jì)以來，英語有了很大的變化”，根據(jù)文章第一段AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohastheuseoftheEnglishlanguage.（在這個世紀(jì)里，隨著英語語言的快速變化，英語語言的使用也在快速變化。）可知，本世紀(jì)以來英語有了很大的變化，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Toomanypeoplebelievethattoachievegreatthingswemustmakebrutalsacrifices,thattosucceedinworkwemustfocussingle-mindedly,atthe（

）ofeverythingelseinlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heart

B.beginning

C.mercy

D.expense

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。attheexpenseof意為“以……為代價”。

句意：太多的人相信為了成就大事我們必須做出殘酷的犧牲，為了在工作中取得成功，我們必須一心一意，以犧牲生活中的其他一切為代價。

17.單選題

Theexplorerlosthiswaysoheclimbedtothetopofthehillto（）himself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spot

B.situate

C.place

D.locate

【答案】D

【解析】spot使認(rèn)出；situate使位于；place放置；locate定位。句意：探險者迷了路,所以他爬到山頂以確定自己的位置（定位）。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

18.單選題

Brushingremoveslargerparticles,butdentistssuggestbrushingthebackofthetongueaswell,wherefoodresiduesandbacteria_______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flourish

B.collaborate

C.embark

D.congregate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“flourish”意為“繁榮，茂盛；處于旺盛時期；炫耀”；B選項(xiàng)“collaborate”意為“合作；勾結(jié)，通敵”；C選項(xiàng)“embark”意為“上船（或飛機(jī)）；（使）上船（或登機(jī)）；從事”；D選項(xiàng)“congregate”意為“聚集”。句意：刷牙可以清除較大的顆粒，但牙醫(yī)建議也要刷舌頭后部，那里有食物殘?jiān)图?xì)菌聚集。由題干可知，foodresiduesandbacteria（食物殘?jiān)图?xì)菌），可以推測出是有這些東西的聚集，所以牙醫(yī)建議也要刷舌頭的后部。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruegladiators.We’repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATprepcoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.Wesayourmotivesareselflessandsensible.AdegreefromStanfordorPrincetonistheticketforlife.IfAaronandNicoledon’tgetin,they’reforeverdoomed.Gosh,we’redelusional.

I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.It’sone-upmanshipamongparents.Weseeourkids’collegepedigreesastrophiesattestingtohowwell-orhowpoorly-we’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Admissionsanxietyafflictsonlyaminorityofparents.It’struethatgettingintocollegehasgenerallybecometougherbecausethenumberofhighschoolgraduateshasgrown.From1994to2006,theincreaseis2.8percent.Still,64percentoffreshmenattendschoolswhereacceptanceratesexceed70percent,andtheapplicationsurgeateliteschoolsdwarfspopulationgrowth.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughtrophiestogoaround.Fearfulparentsprodtheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.“Theepicentersofparentalanxietyusedtobeonthecoasts:Boston,NewYork,Washington,LosAngeles,saysTomParker,Amherst’sadmissionsdean.“Butit’sradiatedthroughoutthecountry.”

Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthat’splausible-andmostlywrong.“Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters,”saysErnestT.PascarellaoftheUniversityofIowa,co-authorofHowCollegeAffectsStudents,an827evaluationofhundredsofstudiesofthecollegeexperience.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanless-selectiveschools,accordingtoastudybyPascarellaandGeorgeKuhofIndianaUniversity.Somedo;somedon’t.Ontwomeasures-professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams-selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.

Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2percentto4percentforevery100-pointincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-knownstudybyPrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerandStacyBergDaleofMathematicaPolicyResearchexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.

Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarket,graduateschool—theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.KruegerstudiedadmissionstoonelopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGraduateRecordExamhelpedexplainwhogotin;IvyLeaguedegreesdidn’t.

So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyofstudents20yearsoutfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

Whatfiresparents’fanaticismistheirself-servingdesiretoannouncetheirownsuccess?ManySuccumb;Ididn’tlocatedmyidealschoolformydaughter.Shegotinandwentelsewhere.Takethat,Dad.Ilocatedtheidealschoolformyson.Heck,hewouldn’tevenvisittheplace.Pow,Dad.Theybothlovetheirschoolsandseemamplystimulated.FoolishDad.

6.Theword“gladiators”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans（）

7.Theauthor’sattitudetotheparents’claim“ourmotivesareselflessandsensible”isoneof（）

8.Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthat（）

9.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutselectiveschoolsisTRUE?

10.Theauthorsuggeststhatparentsnotimposetheirambitionontheirchildrenbecause（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.colossus

B.commanders.

C.warriors.

D.gluttons.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.antipathy.

B.apathy.

C.ambivalence.

D.dissent.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Americanyouthhavefewerchoicesbuttogotoeliteschools.

B.thecompetitionforeliteschoolsisfiercerintheUnitedStates.

C.theparentsshouldnotputtoomuchpressureontheirchildren.

D.thechildren’sfuturewillbebleakwithoutgoingtoeliteschools.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Selectiveschoolsofferbetterinstructionalapproachestotheirstudents.

B.Therearemoreassayexamsinselectiveschoolsthanotherschools.

C.Theirnewteachingmethodssecuretheirgraduates’highsalaries.

D.Theydon’toutperformotherschoolsintermsofprofessors’feedback.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.toomuchpressuremightleadtounsatisfactoryresults.

B.theirownambitionshouldn’tberealizedbytheirchildren.

C.theirchildrenmightpracticejob-hoppingfrequently.

D.theirchildrenmightnotsharesimilarinterestswiththem.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】6.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】詞義推測題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段第一句Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruegladiators.（在大學(xué)入學(xué)的戰(zhàn)爭中，我們父母是真正的角斗士）。C選項(xiàng)“戰(zhàn)士”與“角斗士”的意思相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“巨人”，不符合文章內(nèi)容。B選項(xiàng)“指揮官”，不符合文章內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)D“貪吃的人”不符合詞義，可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段倒數(shù)第三句Wesayourmotivesareselflessandsensible.（我們說我們的動機(jī)是無私和理智的。）D選項(xiàng)“不同意的”正確，根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可推測，父母宣稱是無私的和明智的是虛假的，因此作者不同意這個觀點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)“反感的”，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“冷漠的”，作者態(tài)度并不是冷漠的，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“矛盾”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第四段（我們有一種全面的威望恐慌；我們擔(dān)心沒有足夠的獎杯?？謶值母改复叽偎麄兊暮⒆由暾埍纫酝嗟膶W(xué)校。阿默斯特學(xué)院招生主任湯姆?帕克（TomParker）說，過去，父母焦慮的中心集中在沿海地區(qū)：波士頓、紐約、華盛頓和洛杉磯）。選項(xiàng)C“父母不應(yīng)該給孩子太多的壓力”，文中所說父母催促孩子申請比以往更多的學(xué)校，因此可推測，父母給孩子的壓力過大，C選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)A“美國年輕人的選擇很少，只能去精英學(xué)?！?，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。選項(xiàng)B“在美國，精英學(xué)校的競爭更加激烈”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除，選項(xiàng)D“如果不上精英學(xué)校，孩子們的未來將是暗淡的”，沒有必然的關(guān)系。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第六段中最后一句Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.（他們掙的錢和那些地位較高的學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生一樣多）。D選項(xiàng)“在教授反饋方面，他們的表現(xiàn)并不優(yōu)于其他學(xué)?！?，由掙錢這一點(diǎn)反映，他們的表現(xiàn)并不優(yōu)于其他學(xué)校，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“重點(diǎn)學(xué)校為學(xué)生提供更好的教學(xué)方法?！蔽恼碌谖宥翁岬健懊２⒉槐确敲Ｏ到y(tǒng)地采用更好的教學(xué)方法”，因此A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“重點(diǎn)學(xué)校的考試比其他學(xué)校多?！钡谖宥巫詈笠痪涮岬健敖淌诘姆答伜驼撐目荚嚨臄?shù)量——重點(diǎn)學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)略差”，B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“他們的新教學(xué)方法確保了畢業(yè)生的高薪”，文中第六段提到“他們掙的錢和那些地位較高的學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生一樣多”，因此C選項(xiàng)可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】作者意圖題。由題干可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.（我們強(qiáng)加給孩子們的雄心壯志可能會讓一些孩子進(jìn)入哈佛，但也可能會讓他們失望）。由此可知選項(xiàng)A“太多的壓力可能會導(dǎo)致不滿意的結(jié)果”，符合文章內(nèi)容，A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“他們自己的抱負(fù)不應(yīng)該由他們的孩子來實(shí)現(xiàn)”，文章沒有提到父母的抱負(fù)讓孩子實(shí)現(xiàn)，B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“他們的孩子可能經(jīng)常跳槽”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“他們的孩子可能和他們沒有共同的興趣愛好”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Ironically,racialdiscrimination,whichis____withdemocraticprinciples,hasexistedinAmerica,“thegreatestdemocracyintheworld”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incompatible

B.unanimous

C.disagreeable

D.contrary

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.incompatible（與某事物）不一致，不相配B.unanimous（決定或意見）一致的，一致同意的

C.disagreeable不合意的；令人不快的D.contrary相對立的；相反的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】固定搭配：incompatiblewith表示“格格不入的；矛盾的；互斥的”，由句意“具有諷刺意味的是，在‘世界上最偉大的民主國家’美國，卻存在著與民主原則……種族歧視?！笨芍摯钆浞暇湟?。句意為：具有諷刺意味的是，在“世界上最偉大的民主國家”美國，卻存在著與民主原則格格不入的種族歧視。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)unanimous“（決定或意見）一致的，一致同意的”，與句意相反，不符合語境；

C選項(xiàng)disagreeable“不合意的；令人不快的”，不符合語境；

D選項(xiàng)contrary“相對立的；相反的”，與to搭配不與with搭配。

【句意】具有諷刺意味的是，在“世界上最偉大的民主國家”美國，卻存在著與民主原則格格不入的種族歧視。

21.單選題

Wemustensurearationalproportionbetween（）andconsumption.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conformation

B.acceleration

C.coordination

D.accumulation

【答案】D

【解析】conformation構(gòu)造,一致；acceleration加速,促進(jìn)；coordination協(xié)調(diào),對等；accumulation積聚,累積。根據(jù)句意可知,這里應(yīng)填入consumption的反義詞,只有選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

22.單選題

Athirdofbreadscontainmoresaltthanrecommendedunderguidelinesbeingintroducednextyear,asurveyfound.

Mostbreadswerewithinthecurrentguidelinesofl.lgofsaltper100g-butthisisbeingcuttolgperl00g.CampaignforActiononSaltandHealth(CASH),whichlookedat300breads,saiditwas“outrageous”thatbreadcontainedeventhecurrentlevel.TheDepartmentofHealthsaid’’considerable"saltreductionshadalreadybeenmade.Manufacturerssaidmanyloaveswiththelowestsaltlevelsweresupermarketbrands,whichwerethemostpopular.Eatingtoomuchsaltislinkedtohighbloodpressure,whichinturnincreasestheriskofdevelopingheartdisease.

Recommendeddietarysaltlevelsvarywithage.Adultsaremeanttohavenomorethan6gofsaltintheirdietperday,whiletoddlersshouldhavenomorethan2g.

Saltlevelsinbreadhavefallenbyaboutathirdoverthepastdecade,withsomefallingbyupto40%.ButCASHsayslevelsarestilltoohigh,andwarnsthereiswidevariationintheamountfoundinloaves.Mostarewithinhalfagramofthecurrenttargetofl.lgofsaltperl00gofbreadabouttwohickslices.ButCASHfoundsomesignificantlyexceededit.CASHsaysconsumersshouldlookatnutritionlabels,wherepossible,toseehowmuchsaltbreadcontains.Butitwarnsfreshbreads,fromin-storeorhigh-streetbakerieshavenonutritionallabeling,meaningpeoplecannottellhowmuchsalttheycontain.Anditsaidbakerybreadsoftenhadhigherlevelsthantheirpackagedproducts.

CASHchairmanProf.GrahamMacGregor,oftheWolfsonInstituteofPreventativeMedicine,said:"Itisfranklyoutrageousthatbreadstillcontainssomuchsalt.TheDepartmentofHealthneedstoensurethatallbreadisclearlylabeledandthatallmanufacturersreducethesaltofbreadtolessthatthesalttargetoflgperl00g.Itistheveryhighlevelsofsaltthatishiddenineverydayfood,suchasbread,thatputsupbothadults'andchildren'sbloodpressure.“VictoriaTaylor,seniordietitianattheBritishHeartFoundation,said:"Weknowtoomanypeopleareeatingtoomuchsalteachday.Somemanufacturersareworkingtowardstargetsforsaltreduction,butweneedmoreactiontocutthesaltcontentinbreadandmakesuretheyprovidecolour-codedfoodlabelstohelptheircustomers."ButFederationofBakersdirectorGordonPolsonsaid:"Themajorityofwrappedslicedbreadavailablealreadymeetsthe2012targetsandourmembersarecontinuingtoendeavourtoreducesaltbycontributingtoongoingresearchtoestablishwhichothermeansareavailabletoreducesaltinbread.ThevastmajorityofbreadssingledoutintheCASHreportashigherinsaltarenotthemainstreamproductsproducedbyourmembers;whichdoproducearound80%ofthenation'sbreadina￡3bnindustry.n

ADepartmentofHealthspokesmansaidthegovernmentwelcomedthe’’considerable"saltreductionsthatbreadmakershadalreadymade,anditwas"verypleasing"thataround60%oftheproductsmetsalttargetsfor2012."Thisisanimportantstepinhelpingtoreducesaltintake,aswellasloweringtheriskofhighbloodpressureandresultingstrokesandheartdisease.Welookforwardtoseeingfurtherreductionsasmorecompaniesmeetthetargets,”headded.

BritishRetailConsortiumfooddirectorAndrewOpiesaidretailersandmanufacturersaretofondindependentresearchtolookforwaysofmeetingthe2012target-"whilestillmakingfoodswhichconsumerswanttobuy”.

1.What’sGordonPolson’sattitudetowardthemajorityofwrapped,slicedbreadavailable?

2.AccordingtoCASH,thecurrentsaltlevelsofbreadare（

）.

3.CASHsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

5.WhataretheharmfuleffectsoftoomuchsaltaccordingtoCASH?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Positive.

B.Critical.

C.Skeptical.

D.Indifferent

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.amazinglylow

B.proper

C.toohigh

D.considerable

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.saltlevelsinbreadshouldbereducedby40%

B.theamountfoundinloavesshouldvarywithbreads

C.consumersshouldfigureouthowmuchsaltbreadcontains

D.onlyfreshbreadsshouldbelabeled

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Saltreductionsaretobemade.

B.Theloavesinsupermarketsarewiththelowestsaltlevels.

C.Womencanhavemoresaltintheirdietperdaythanmen.

D.Recommendeddietarysaltlevelsaredifferentwithage.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.malnutrition

B.highbloodpress