考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州城市學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州城市學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Inmostpeople’smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation.So,whichiscorrect:growthmeansprosperityandnogrowthmeansadversity,orgrowthmeansadversityandnogrowthmeans...what?

Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld.Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous,ifnotcruel,thepompouspostulatingofthecomfortableandthesecure.Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccountforthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?

ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growthnostrumpropoundedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-businessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothedevelopmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofluxurycars,thepaddingofSwissbankaccounts,andthebuyingofcondominiumsinMiami?

Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification,whichappliestonocountryinitsentiretyandtosomecountriesnotatall.Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid;thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmed,onwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.

So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman’sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstanding.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.

11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

12.ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.

13.WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.

14.Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.

15.Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountries

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountries

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanisms

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromit

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopment

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossible

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintact

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowth

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowth

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativity

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophes

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.vague

D.inconclusive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】11.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?作者支持下列哪一種說(shuō)法？

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.A.國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的可靠指標(biāo)。

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.B.人口增長(zhǎng)將是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的主要威脅。

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.C.繁榮的衰落將不可避免地導(dǎo)致人口的增長(zhǎng)。

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.D.自然資源的減少不利于人類(lèi)的福祉。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】本題要求選擇作者會(huì)贊同的一項(xiàng)，那么就要選擇符合原文的表述。原文第1段第3句，該句提到“對(duì)日益減少的自然資源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越來(lái)越大的壓力，必然會(huì)不可避免地導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity）”，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為自然資源減少不利于繁榮。第4段最后一句提到“從這種角度來(lái)看，在這個(gè)背景下，增長(zhǎng)對(duì)地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好處”，“這個(gè)角度或背景”指的是第3段的內(nèi)容，其中有一點(diǎn)提到“如果這意味著為了外國(guó)投資者和少數(shù)當(dāng)?shù)睾献髡叩睦娑鴦儕Z他們土地上的礦產(chǎn)和樹(shù)木資源（strippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasures）”由此可知，作者認(rèn)為，為外國(guó)投資者和少數(shù)人利益而大量開(kāi)采自然資源的發(fā)展是不利于增進(jìn)人民福祉的。綜上所述，作者應(yīng)該會(huì)贊同D選項(xiàng)“自然資源的減少不利于人類(lèi)的福祉”的觀點(diǎn)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的可靠指標(biāo)”，可定位到原文第1段第2句，該句提到“國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值據(jù)說(shuō)（supposedly）是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)指標(biāo)”，根據(jù)其中“supposedly”提示，作者并不肯定這個(gè)指標(biāo)可靠，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于過(guò)度推理；

B選項(xiàng)“人口增長(zhǎng)將是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的主要威脅”，可定位到原文第1段第3句，該句提到“對(duì)日益減少的自然資源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越來(lái)越大的壓力，必然會(huì)不可避免地導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity），特別是再加上人口增長(zhǎng)的話(huà)（accompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation）?！庇纱丝芍?，該句提到經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的兩個(gè)威脅：日益減少的自然資源和人口增長(zhǎng)，其中前者的影響更大，人口增長(zhǎng)并不是主要威脅。該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“繁榮的衰落將不可避免地導(dǎo)致人口的增長(zhǎng)”，同樣可定位到原文第1段第3句，由該句可知，“人口增長(zhǎng)”是因，“繁榮衰落”是果，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，顛倒了因果。

12.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.第2、3段暗示____。

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

A.經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行依賴(lài)于持續(xù)的繁榮

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountriesB.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)并沒(méi)有加劇第三世界國(guó)家的貧困

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountriesC.富裕國(guó)家的增長(zhǎng)是以犧牲第三世界國(guó)家為代價(jià)的

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanismsD.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的各個(gè)階段不能被社會(huì)機(jī)制所取代或改變

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】本題需要掌握原文第2、3段的主旨大意。原文在第2段首句提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)“增長(zhǎng)（growth）對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行是必要的（isnecessary）”，然后舉第三世界國(guó)家的例子，在第2、3段提出了很多質(zhì)疑。在第2段提出“會(huì)不會(huì)是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，尤其是富裕國(guó)家的增長(zhǎng)（thegrowthofthewealthiercountries），導(dǎo)致了（hascontributed）第三世界國(guó)家的貧困，而不是進(jìn)步（theimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries）？”第3段首句說(shuō)“要弄清楚這是怎么回事（Toseehowthismightbethecase），我們必須著眼于這種增長(zhǎng)對(duì)第三世界國(guó)家的影響”，緊接著詳細(xì)介紹了這些影響：機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品供出口，而不是供當(dāng)?shù)叵M(fèi)（notforlocalconsumptionbutforexport）；為了外國(guó)資本的利益（thebenefitofforeigninvestors）剝削礦產(chǎn)和森林資源；沉重的外債（acrushingforeignindebtedness）等。綜上所述，這兩段表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是，在第三世界國(guó)家，有些經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)完全是為了外國(guó)資本即富裕國(guó)家的利益，促進(jìn)了富裕國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，不僅沒(méi)有增加本國(guó)人民的福祉，反而導(dǎo)致了勞動(dòng)力資源的占用、自然資源的流失以及大量的外債。C選項(xiàng)“富裕國(guó)家的增長(zhǎng)是以犧牲第三世界國(guó)家為代價(jià)的”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行依賴(lài)于持續(xù)的繁榮”，是第2段首句提出的背景信息，是作者要反駁的觀點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)并沒(méi)有加劇第三世界國(guó)家的貧困”，與原文表述相反，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的各個(gè)階段不能被社會(huì)機(jī)制所取代或改變”，這兩段并沒(méi)有提及社會(huì)機(jī)制的問(wèn)題，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

13.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.關(guān)于第三世界國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，作者實(shí)際上說(shuō)的是____。

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromitA.這些國(guó)家的人民并沒(méi)有真正從中受益

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopmentB.投資不足嚴(yán)重影響了發(fā)展

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossibleC.沉重的債務(wù)實(shí)際上使這些國(guó)家不可能進(jìn)一步增長(zhǎng)

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintactD.這些國(guó)家的農(nóng)業(yè)本應(yīng)完好無(wú)損

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】由第12題的解析可知，第三世界國(guó)家的發(fā)展實(shí)際上服務(wù)于外國(guó)投資商，而本國(guó)人民并未從中受益；并且第4段最后一句說(shuō)到“這種增長(zhǎng)對(duì)地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好處”，由此可知，這種增加，對(duì)于第三世界的人民來(lái)說(shuō)，不僅沒(méi)有受益反而有危害，A選項(xiàng)“這些國(guó)家的人民并沒(méi)有真正從中受益”是作者想表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“投資不足嚴(yán)重影響了發(fā)展”，原文并沒(méi)有提到投資不足，而是這些投資都是為了外國(guó)投資者和少數(shù)人的利益，并不是為了大眾的福祉，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“沉重的債務(wù)實(shí)際上使這些國(guó)家不可能進(jìn)一步增長(zhǎng)”，原文雖然提到了沉重的債務(wù)，且這些借來(lái)的錢(qián)沒(méi)有用于國(guó)家的發(fā)展，但是作者是為了說(shuō)明這種發(fā)展對(duì)第三世界國(guó)家沒(méi)有好處，并不是想說(shuō)阻礙了發(fā)展。何況，經(jīng)濟(jì)并沒(méi)有發(fā)展，更不存在進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了。該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推理；

D選項(xiàng)“這些國(guó)家的農(nóng)業(yè)本應(yīng)完好無(wú)損”，原文提到農(nóng)業(yè)，是為了說(shuō)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品都用于出口了，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)農(nóng)業(yè)不該機(jī)械化，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

14.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.作者似乎認(rèn)為繁榮____。

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowthA.只有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowthB.能在沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativityC.是對(duì)人類(lèi)能力和創(chuàng)造力的頌揚(yáng)

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophesD.在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】本文在第1段就質(zhì)疑了繁榮與增長(zhǎng)之間的關(guān)系，第一段最后一句提到“哪個(gè)是正確的（whichiscorrect）：增長(zhǎng)意味著繁榮，沒(méi)有增長(zhǎng)就意味著逆境，或者增長(zhǎng)意味著逆境，沒(méi)有增長(zhǎng)就意味著……什么？”由此可以推斷，作者不認(rèn)為繁榮與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)之間存在著必然的聯(lián)系。由第12題解析可知，作者在2-3段論述了“第三世界國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)就沒(méi)有給本國(guó)帶來(lái)繁榮”；第4段首句提到“這是一種過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單化的說(shuō)法（anoversimplification），沒(méi)有一個(gè)國(guó)家是完全適用的，有的國(guó)家甚至完全不適用”，即“增長(zhǎng)意味著繁榮”并不適用于所有國(guó)家；第5段首句提出疑問(wèn)“我們需要增長(zhǎng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎（doweneedgrowthforprosperity）？”而作者的回答是“只有采用零增長(zhǎng)才能提供答案（Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer）”。作者雖然沒(méi)有直接回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題，但他給出的建議是試一試“零增長(zhǎng)”，再結(jié)合作者前文中認(rèn)為增長(zhǎng)并不意味著繁榮推斷，作者認(rèn)為繁榮在沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的情況下也有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。B選項(xiàng)“能在沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“只有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)”，表述錯(cuò)誤，作者認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)不一定能帶來(lái)繁榮；

C選項(xiàng)“是對(duì)人類(lèi)能力和創(chuàng)造力的頌揚(yáng)”，可定位到原文最后一段第2句，該句提到“現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)是令人難以置信的復(fù)雜現(xiàn)象，這是對(duì)人類(lèi)組織能力的贊揚(yáng)。”原文指的是“經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)雜性是對(duì)人類(lèi)能力的贊揚(yáng)”，而非繁榮，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的”，可定位到原文最后一段最后一句，該句提到了“不采取行動(dòng)的話(huà)（thefailuretoactcouldmean），現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式可能會(huì)帶來(lái)威脅人類(lèi)生存的環(huán)境災(zāi)難（environmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence）”，并不是說(shuō)“繁榮在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的”，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

15.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.對(duì)于“我們需要增長(zhǎng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎？”這個(gè)問(wèn)題，作者的答案是____。

A.positiveA.肯定的

B.negativeB.否定的

C.vagueC.模糊的

D.inconclusiveD.不確定的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】由第14題解析可得，作者認(rèn)為實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮不需要經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，即作者對(duì)“我們需要增長(zhǎng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎？”的答案是B選項(xiàng)negative“否定的”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。（C、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)意義一致，可以先排除。）

2.單選題

Thesevariedracialgroupshavelearnedtolivetogetherinpeaceand（

），settinganexamplewellworthfollowing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.harmony

B.grace

C.rhythm

D.relief

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。harmony和睦，融洽；grace優(yōu)雅；rhythm節(jié)奏，韻律；relief救濟(jì)，減輕；peaceandharmony和諧和平，是固定搭配。句意：這些不同的種族群體已學(xué)會(huì)和平共處地生活在一起，樹(shù)立了值得學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣。答案A

3.單選題

Allcultureshavesomesystemofmeasuringduration,orkeepingtime,butinwesternindustrializedsocieties,wekeeptrackoftimeinwhatseemstootherpeoplesalmostanobsessivefashion.Weviewtimeasmotiononaspace,akindoflinearprogressionmeasuredbytheclockandthecalendar.Thisperceptioncontributestooursenseofhistoryandthekeepingofrecords,whicharetypicalaspectsofwesterncultures.

Althoughourperceptionsoftimeseemnaturaltous,wemustnotassumethatotherculturesoperateonthesametimesystem.Forinstance,whyshouldweassumethataHopiraisedintheHopiculturewouldhavethesameintuitionsabouttimethatwehave?InHopihistory,ifrecordshadbeenwritten,wewouldfindadifferentsetofculturalandenvironmentalinfluencesworkingtogether.TheHopipeopleareapeacefulagriculturalsocietyisolatedbygeographicfeatureandnomadenemiesinalandoflittlerainfall.Theiragricultureissuccessfulonlybythegreatestperseverance.Extensivepreparationsareneededtoensurecropgrowth.ThustheHopivaluepersistenceandrepetitioninactivity.Theyhaveasenseofthecumulativevalueofnumerous,small,repeatedmovements,fortothemsuchmovementsarenotwastedbutarestoreduptomakechangesinlaterevents.TheHopihavenointuitionoftimeasmotion,asasmoothflowinglineonwhicheverythingintheuniverseproceedsatanequalrateawayfromapast,throughapresent,intoaforeseeablefuture.

LongandcarefulstudyoftheHopilanguagehasrevealedthatitcontainsnowords,grammaticalforms,constructions,orexpressionsthatrefertowhatwecalltime—thepast,present,orfuture—ortothedurationorlastingaspectoftime.TotheHopi,“time”isa“gettinglater”ofeverythingthathasbeendone,sothatpastandpresentmergetogether.TheHopidonotspeak,aswedoinEnglish?Ofa“newday”or“anotherday”comingeverytwenty-fourhours;amongtheHopi,thereturnofthedayislikethereturnofaperson,alittleolderbutwithallthecharacteristicsofyesterday.ThisHopiconception,withitsemphasisontherepetitiveaspectoftimeratherthanitsonwardflow,maybeclearlyseenintheirritualdancesforrainandgoodcrops,inwhichthebasicstepisashort,quickstampingofthefootrepeatedthousandsoftimes,hourafterhour.

Ofcourse,theAmericanconceptionoftimeissignificantlydifferentfromthatoftheHopi.Americans’understandingoftimeistypicalofWesternculturesingeneralandindustrializedsocietiesinparticular.Americansviewtimeasacommodity,asa“thing”thatcanbesaved,spent,orwasted.Webudgetourtimeaswebudgetourmoney.Weevensay,“Timeismoney”.WeareconcernedinAmericawithbeing“ontime”;wedon’tliketo“waste”timebywaitingforsomeonewhoislateorbyrepeatinginformation;andweliketo“spend”timewiselybykeepingbusy.ThesestatementsallsoundnaturaltoaNorthAmerican.Infact,wethink,howcoulditbeotherwise?Itisdifficultforusnottobeirritatedbytheapparentcarelessnessabouttimeinothercultures.Forexample,individualsinothercountriesfrequentlyturnupanhourormorelateforanappointment—although“beinglate”isatleastwithinourculturalframework.Forinstance,howcanwebegintoentertheculturalworldoftheSioux,inwhichthereisnowordfor“l(fā)ate”or“waiting”.Ofcourse,thefactisthatwehavenothadtoentertheSiouxculture;theSiouxhavehadtoenterours.Itisonlywhenweparticipateinotherculturesontheirtermsthatwecanbegintoseetheculturalpatterningoftime.

1.Fromthepassage,theHopihavenointuitionoftimeasmotionbecause（

）.

2.WhatistheHopi’sconceptionoftime?

3.Theconceptoftimeasacommodityinthelastparagraphmeansthat（

）.

4.IfyouweretovisitaSiouxfestival,itwouldprobablybenecessarythat（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingviewsseemsmostoppositetotheWesternperceptionoftime?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theirwayoflivingdependsgreatlyonperseveranceandrepetition

B.theythinkitnecessarytoinventtheirownperceptionoftime

C.theirlanguagedoesnotcontainwordsreferringtomotion

D.theythinkeverythingshouldproceedinalinearway

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Repeatingfootstepsisthewaytheycounttime.

B.Thelinebetweenpastandpresentisclear.

C.Whenapersonreturns,thedayreturns.

D.Todayistherepetitionofyesterday.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.timecanbeusedandspentlikeconsumergoods

B.peoplewhoworklonghourswillbepaidhandsomely

C.peoplecanbuytimejustliketheybuyaproduct

D.timeisconsideredpricelessthatpeoplecan’tafford

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.youcallinadvanceifyouaregoingtobelate

B.youarrangefortransportationwellinadvance

C.youhaveadelayedscheduleofalltheactivities

D.youhaveanexactscheduleofthevariousevents

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Makeahaywhilethesunshines.

B.Procrastinationisnecessary.

C.Punctualityisthesoulofbusiness.

D.Ayoungidler,anoldbeggar

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)二三句可知，霍皮族人重視活動(dòng)中的持久性和重復(fù)。他們對(duì)無(wú)數(shù)的、小的、重復(fù)的動(dòng)作的累積價(jià)值有一種感覺(jué)，因?yàn)閷?duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，這些動(dòng)作不是浪費(fèi)，而是儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)，以便在以后的事件中做出改變。所以霍皮族人對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)間沒(méi)有什么直覺(jué)，是因?yàn)樗麄兊纳罘绞皆诤艽蟪潭壬弦蕾?lài)于毅力和重復(fù)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，對(duì)霍皮人來(lái)說(shuō)，“時(shí)間”是所有已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情的“以后”，這樣過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在就會(huì)融合在一起?；羝と说倪@一觀念強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的重復(fù)性，而不是時(shí)間的繼續(xù)流動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)最后一段的三四句“Americansviewtimeasacommodity,asa“thing”thatcanbesaved,spent,orwasted.Webudgetourtimeaswebudgetourmoney.”美國(guó)人認(rèn)為時(shí)間是一種商品，是一種可以節(jié)省、花費(fèi)或浪費(fèi)的“東西”。我們預(yù)算時(shí)間就像我們預(yù)算金錢(qián)一樣。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段“Sioux,inwhichthereisnowordfor“l(fā)ate”or“waiting”.”蘇族人的文化世界里沒(méi)有“遲到”或“等候”這些詞，所以如果要去參加蘇族人的節(jié)日，你可能有必要把所有的活動(dòng)都推遲，選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，美國(guó)人對(duì)時(shí)間的理解是西方文化的典型特征，他們認(rèn)為時(shí)間就是金錢(qián)，所以選項(xiàng)B與之觀念相反。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

4.單選題

（）,thelionisamemberofthecatfamily.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Likethetiger

B.Aliketothetiger

C.Likingthetiger

D.Itislikethetiger

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。分析題干和選項(xiàng)可知，空格后面已經(jīng)是完整的句子，因此空格處應(yīng)為形容詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)，故選B。句意：和老虎一樣，獅子也是貓科動(dòng)物中的一員。

5.單選題

Afterthefiercequarrel,theybegantohavea（

）loathingforeachother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.boring

B.reciprocal

C.friendly

D.standing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。boring“無(wú)聊的；令人厭煩的”；reciprocal“互惠的；相互的”；friendly“友好的；親切的”；standing“長(zhǎng)期存在的”。句意：在那次激烈的爭(zhēng)吵后，他們開(kāi)始相互厭惡。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Athirdofbreadscontainmoresaltthanrecommendedunderguidelinesbeingintroducednextyear,asurveyfound.

Mostbreadswerewithinthecurrentguidelinesofl.lgofsaltper100g-butthisisbeingcuttolgperl00g.CampaignforActiononSaltandHealth(CASH),whichlookedat300breads,saiditwas“outrageous”thatbreadcontainedeventhecurrentlevel.TheDepartmentofHealthsaid’’considerable"saltreductionshadalreadybeenmade.Manufacturerssaidmanyloaveswiththelowestsaltlevelsweresupermarketbrands,whichwerethemostpopular.Eatingtoomuchsaltislinkedtohighbloodpressure,whichinturnincreasestheriskofdevelopingheartdisease.

Recommendeddietarysaltlevelsvarywithage.Adultsaremeanttohavenomorethan6gofsaltintheirdietperday,whiletoddlersshouldhavenomorethan2g.

Saltlevelsinbreadhavefallenbyaboutathirdoverthepastdecade,withsomefallingbyupto40%.ButCASHsayslevelsarestilltoohigh,andwarnsthereiswidevariationintheamountfoundinloaves.Mostarewithinhalfagramofthecurrenttargetofl.lgofsaltperl00gofbreadabouttwohickslices.ButCASHfoundsomesignificantlyexceededit.CASHsaysconsumersshouldlookatnutritionlabels,wherepossible,toseehowmuchsaltbreadcontains.Butitwarnsfreshbreads,fromin-storeorhigh-streetbakerieshavenonutritionallabeling,meaningpeoplecannottellhowmuchsalttheycontain.Anditsaidbakerybreadsoftenhadhigherlevelsthantheirpackagedproducts.

CASHchairmanProf.GrahamMacGregor,oftheWolfsonInstituteofPreventativeMedicine,said:"Itisfranklyoutrageousthatbreadstillcontainssomuchsalt.TheDepartmentofHealthneedstoensurethatallbreadisclearlylabeledandthatallmanufacturersreducethesaltofbreadtolessthatthesalttargetoflgperl00g.Itistheveryhighlevelsofsaltthatishiddenineverydayfood,suchasbread,thatputsupbothadults'andchildren'sbloodpressure.“VictoriaTaylor,seniordietitianattheBritishHeartFoundation,said:"Weknowtoomanypeopleareeatingtoomuchsalteachday.Somemanufacturersareworkingtowardstargetsforsaltreduction,butweneedmoreactiontocutthesaltcontentinbreadandmakesuretheyprovidecolour-codedfoodlabelstohelptheircustomers."ButFederationofBakersdirectorGordonPolsonsaid:"Themajorityofwrappedslicedbreadavailablealreadymeetsthe2012targetsandourmembersarecontinuingtoendeavourtoreducesaltbycontributingtoongoingresearchtoestablishwhichothermeansareavailabletoreducesaltinbread.ThevastmajorityofbreadssingledoutintheCASHreportashigherinsaltarenotthemainstreamproductsproducedbyourmembers;whichdoproducearound80%ofthenation'sbreadina￡3bnindustry.n

ADepartmentofHealthspokesmansaidthegovernmentwelcomedthe’’considerable"saltreductionsthatbreadmakershadalreadymade,anditwas"verypleasing"thataround60%oftheproductsmetsalttargetsfor2012."Thisisanimportantstepinhelpingtoreducesaltintake,aswellasloweringtheriskofhighbloodpressureandresultingstrokesandheartdisease.Welookforwardtoseeingfurtherreductionsasmorecompaniesmeetthetargets,”headded.

BritishRetailConsortiumfooddirectorAndrewOpiesaidretailersandmanufacturersaretofondindependentresearchtolookforwaysofmeetingthe2012target-"whilestillmakingfoodswhichconsumerswanttobuy”.

1.What’sGordonPolson’sattitudetowardthemajorityofwrapped,slicedbreadavailable?

2.AccordingtoCASH,thecurrentsaltlevelsofbreadare（

）.

3.CASHsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

5.WhataretheharmfuleffectsoftoomuchsaltaccordingtoCASH?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Positive.

B.Critical.

C.Skeptical.

D.Indifferent

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.amazinglylow

B.proper

C.toohigh

D.considerable

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.saltlevelsinbreadshouldbereducedby40%

B.theamountfoundinloavesshouldvarywithbreads

C.consumersshouldfigureouthowmuchsaltbreadcontains

D.onlyfreshbreadsshouldbelabeled

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Saltreductionsaretobemade.

B.Theloavesinsupermarketsarewiththelowestsaltlevels.

C.Womencanhavemoresaltintheirdietperdaythanmen.

D.Recommendeddietarysaltlevelsaredifferentwithage.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.malnutrition

B.highbloodpressure

C.Diabetes

D.chronicdisease

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞GordonPolson’s,wrapped,slicedbread定位至第五段:Themajorityofwrapped,slicedbreadavailablealreadymeets…whichdoproducearound80%ofthenationsbreadina￡3bnindustry(市場(chǎng)上大多數(shù)包裝切片面包已經(jīng)符合2012年指標(biāo)，我們的成員廠家正在努力研究尋找其他可以降低含鹽量的途徑。絕大多數(shù)在低鹽與健康運(yùn)動(dòng)報(bào)告中被指含鹽量較高的面包都不是我們的主流產(chǎn)品，在全國(guó)30億英鎊的面包產(chǎn)業(yè)中，我們生產(chǎn)了其中的80%的面包)。由此可知他的態(tài)度是積極的。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。。第四段指出：ButCASHsayslevelsarestilltoohigh...：但是CASH認(rèn)為含鹽量仍然太高.因此C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段：CASHsaysconsumersshouldlookatnutritionlabels,wherepossible,toseehowmuchsaltbreadcontains.Butitwarnsfreshbreads,fromin-storeorhigh-streetbakerieshavenonutritionallabeling,meaningpeoplecannottellhowmuchsalttheycontain.低鹽與健康運(yùn)動(dòng)建議消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該看看營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽，如果可能的話(huà)，看看鹽面包含有多少。但它警告說(shuō)，新鮮面包，從店內(nèi)或商業(yè)街面包店沒(méi)有營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽，這意味著人們無(wú)法知道他們含有多少鹽。因此應(yīng)選擇C:消費(fèi)者應(yīng)當(dāng)估計(jì)面包里包含多少鹽。A:面包中鹽的含量應(yīng)為40%。B:面包中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的含量會(huì)依據(jù)面包的不同而有所不同。D:只有新鮮面包才會(huì)貼標(biāo)簽。此三項(xiàng)不符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段指出：...saltreductionshadalreadybeenmade面包中所含鹽分已經(jīng)減少了。由此得知，選項(xiàng)A:將要降低面包中所含的鹽分是錯(cuò)誤的；選項(xiàng)B:超市里的面包是含鹽最低的，與選項(xiàng)C:女性每天攝入鹽量要高于男性，無(wú)從推斷。第三段：Recommendeddietarysaltlevelsvarywithage.對(duì)于不同的年齡段，推薦的食鹽量也不同。可以得出選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段指出：Eatingtoomuchsaltislinkedtohighbloodpressure,whichinturnincreasestheriskofdevelopingheartdisease.吃太多的鹽會(huì)導(dǎo)致高血壓，繼而提高心臟病的發(fā)病率。由此得知，選擇B項(xiàng):高血壓。

7.單選題

The（）ofallkindsofnecessarygoodswascausedbynaturalcalamity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.variety

B.scarcity

C.solidarity

D.commodity

【答案】B

【解析】同形詞辨析題。variety“多樣”；scarcity“不足；缺乏”；solidarity“團(tuán)結(jié)”；commodity“商品”；根據(jù)naturalcalamity“自然災(zāi)害”可知此處應(yīng)該說(shuō)的是各種必需品的“缺乏”，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。句意為：各種必需品的缺乏是自然災(zāi)難造成的。

8.單選題

Shehastakengreatpainstoconcealheremotions,andtherebymadethem（

）conspicuous.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allthemore

B.allthemuch

C.allmore

D.allmuch

【答案】A

【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意：她竭力隱藏她的情緒，但是她卻讓他們更加明顯了。這里選固定搭配A選項(xiàng)allthemore“更加”；其他選項(xiàng)不能作為副詞修飾conspicuous這個(gè)形容詞。

9.單選題

Thereceptionwasattendedby（）membersofthelocalcommunity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.excellent

B.conspicuous

C.prominent

D.noticeable

【答案】C

【解析】C選項(xiàng)prominent意為“突出的；著名的”。句意：參加這次招待會(huì)的是當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的（）人士。A選項(xiàng)excellent極好的；B選項(xiàng)conspicuous顯而易見(jiàn)的；C選項(xiàng)prominent突出的；著名的；D選項(xiàng)noticeable引人注目的，C選項(xiàng)prominent符合句意。

10.單選題

Youcan（

）thevideocameraonatripod（三腳架），sothatyoudon'thavetoworryaboutholdingitsteadywhileyouaskquestions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withstand

B.fix

C.plant

D.dwell

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。withstand抵抗，反抗；fix固定；plant種植，培養(yǎng)；dwell居住，存在于。

句意：你可以將攝像機(jī)固定在三腳架上，這樣當(dāng)你提問(wèn)的時(shí)候就不用擔(dān)心需要穩(wěn)穩(wěn)的抓住它了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

11.單選題

Beforetakingastandardizedtest,oneshould（）himselforherselfwithalltheitemsthatconstitutethetestpaper.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquaint

B.fascinate

C.acquit

D.familiar

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acquaint“使熟悉，使認(rèn)識(shí)”；B選項(xiàng)fascinate“使著迷，使神魂顛倒”；C選項(xiàng)acquit“無(wú)罪釋放，表現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)familiar“熟悉的，常見(jiàn)的，親近的”。句意：在參加標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試之前，考生應(yīng)該_____構(gòu)成試卷的所有項(xiàng)目。句子表達(dá)的是，在考試之前，要熟悉構(gòu)成試卷的項(xiàng)目，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Clarkfeltthathis______inoneofthemostdramaticmedicalexperimentsofalltimewasworththesufferingheunderwent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appreciation

B.participation

C.presentation

D.apprehension

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appreciation“欣賞；理解；感激”；B選項(xiàng)participation“參與”；C選項(xiàng)presentation“頒發(fā)；展示會(huì)”；D選項(xiàng)apprehension“憂(yōu)慮；逮捕”。句意：克拉克認(rèn)為，他對(duì)有史以來(lái)最引人注目的醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)之一的______，配得上他所遭受的痛苦。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，B選項(xiàng)participation“參與”搭配experiments“實(shí)驗(yàn)”比較合理，意思指參與實(shí)驗(yàn)，符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Romanticloveisaculturetraitfoundprimarilyinindustrializedsocieties.Elsewhereintheworld,pragmaticconsiderationsratherthanflightsoffancyareoftenusedtomakeachoiceofpartner,andromanticloveisseenasanunfortunateinconveniencethatgetsinthewayoftheordinary,rationalprocessofmateselection.TracesofthisattitudepersistintheAmericanupperclasses,wheredaughtersareexpectedtomarry“well”thatis,toamalewhoiseligiblebyreasonoffamilybackgroundandearningpotential.MostAmericans,however,seeromanticloveasessentialforasuccessfulmarriage,andtendtolookaskance（輕蔑地）atanyonewhomarriesforamorepracticalreasoninwhichloveplaysnopart.

Thephenomenonofromanticloveoccurswhentwoyoungpeoplemeetandfindoneanotherpersonallyandphysicallyattractive.Theybecomemutuallyabsorbed,starttobehaveinwhatappearstobeaflighty（充滿(mǎn)幻想的）evenirrationalmanner,decidethattheyarerightforoneanother,andmaythenenteramarriagewhosesuccessisexpectedtobeguaranteedbytheirenduringlove.Behaviorofthiskindisportrayedandwarmlyendorsed（贊同）throughoutAmericanpopularculture,bybooks,magazines,comics,records,popularsongs,movies,andTV.

Romanticloveisanobleideal,anditcancertainlyprovideabasisforthespousesto“l(fā)ivehappilyeverafter.”Butamarriagecanequallywellbefoundedonmuchmorepracticalconsiderations—asindeedtheyhavebeeninmostsocietiesthroughoutmostofhistory.Whyisromanticloveofsuchimportanceinthemodernworld?Thereasonseemstobethatithassomebasicfunctionsinmaintainingtheinstitutionofthenuclearfamily（小家庭）.

31.Romanticloveislessfrequentlyfoundinmanynon-industrialsocietiesbecausepeopleinthesesocieties_____.

32.Theunderlinedword“eligible”inPara.1couldbestbereplacedby_____.

33.Accordingtothepassage,mostAmericans_____.

34.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraphaboutromanticlove?

35.Theauthorseemstobelievethat_____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.firmlybelievethatonlymoneycanmaketheworldgoround

B.failtobringtheimaginativepowerofthemindintofullplay

C.fondly