考研英語(yǔ)作文寫作資料匯總

英文寫作中常用的邏輯詞匯.并列關(guān)系and,furthermore,morethanthat,also,likewise,moreover,inaddition,whatismore,fbrinstance,forexample.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系although,however,onthecontrary,but,inspiteof,nevertheless,yet,otherwise,despite.順序關(guān)系first,second,third,andsoon,then,after,before,next.因果關(guān)系asaresult,fbr,thus,because,fbrthisreason,so,therefore,as,since,consequently,onaccountof.歸納關(guān)系asaresult,finally,therefore,accordingly,inshort,thus,consequently,inconclusion,so,inbrief,inaword幾個(gè)用得比較多的句子：AsfarasIamconcerned,theadvantagesof...outweighitsdisadvantages.Nevertheless,thedisadvantagesof...isundeniable.Tosumup/Ingeneral/Onthewhole/Inbrief?Inshort/Inaword,itistruethat...bringaboutbothpositiveandnegativeresults.Butwecantryourbesttoreducethenegativeinfluencetotheleastextent.Obviously,ineveryaspect,...Thisdiagramunfoldsaclearcomparisonbetween...and...Astotheotherthree,thoughthegrowthrateswerenotsohigh,theywereindeedremarkableandimpressive.英文作文中常用套句下文中出現(xiàn)的A,B,“…”(某事物),"sb"(somebody),要在寫作中要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行適當(dāng)替換.開頭：Whenitcomestosomethink...Thereisapublicdebatetodaythat...Aisacommenwayof…，butisitawiseone?Recentalytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocus.提出觀點(diǎn)：Nowthereisagrowingawarenessthat...Itistimeweexplorethetruthof...Nowhereinhistoryhastheissuebeenmorevisible.進(jìn)一步提出觀點(diǎn)：...butthatisonlypartofthehistory.Anotherequallyimportantaspectis...Aisbutoneofthemanyeffects.Anotheris...Besides,otherreasonsare...提出假想例子的方式：Supposethat...Justimaginewhatwouldbelikeif...Itisreasonabletoexpect...Itisnotsurprisingthat...舉普通例子：Forexample(instance),......suchasA,B?Candsoon(soforth)Agoodcaseinpointis...Aparticularexampleforthisis...引用：Oneofthegreatestearlywriterssaid..."Knowledgeispower",suchistheremardof...” **.Thatishowsbcomment(criticize/praise...).” "?Howoftenwehearsuchwordslikethere.講故事(先說故事主體),thisstoryisnotrare....，suchdelimmaweoftenmeetindailylife.thestorystillhasarealisticsignificance.提出原因：Therearemanyreasonsfor...Why....,foronething,...Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.Anydiscussionaboutthisproblemwouldinevitablyinvolves...Thefirstreasoncanbeobiviouslyseen.Mostpeoplewouldagreethat...Somepeoplemayneglectthatinfact...Otherssuggestthat...Partoftheexplanationis...進(jìn)行對(duì)比：TheadvantagesfbrAforoutweighthedisadvantagesof...AlthoughAenjoysadistinctadvantage...Indeed,AcarriesmuchweightthanBwhensthisconcerned.Amaybe...,butitsuffersfromthedisadvantagethat...承上啟下：Tounderstandthetruthof...,itisalsoimportanttosee...Astudyof...willmakethispointclear讓步：Certainly,Bhasitsownadvantages,suchas...IdonotdenythatAhasitsownmerits.結(jié)尾：>Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat...Insummary,itiswiser...Inshort...在作文中引用合適的名言警句，會(huì)給你的文章增色許多。這里收集了我本人喜愛的一些名言，可能會(huì)對(duì)你有用。我們使用引用的位置可以在開頭結(jié)尾或正文段落中，常見的使用形式如下：Oneofthegreatestearlywriterssaid..."Knowledgeispower**,suchistheremardof...” **.Thatishowsbcomment(criticize/praise...)." Howoftenwehearsuchwordslikethere.Usefulquotations逆境byRobertCollierIneveryadversitythereliestheseedofanequivalentadvantage.Ineverydefeatthereisalessonshowingyouhowtowinthevictorynexttime.努力與成功byAnnLandersOpportunitiesareusuallydisguisedashardwork,somostpeopledon'trecognizethem.堅(jiān)持byRalphWaldoEmersonNoonecancheatyououtofultimatesuccessbutyourselves.Confucius孔子Ourgreatestgloryisnotinneverfalling...butinrisingeverytimewefall.堅(jiān)持MotherTeresaTokeepalampburningwehavetokeepputtingoilinit.HenryFordNothingisparticularlyhardifyoudivideitinuosmalljobs.WinstonChurchillNever,never,never,nevergiveup.AlbertEinsteinInuhemiddleofdifficultyliesopportunity.努力與成功byCrassusThosewhoaimatgreatdeedsmustsuffergreatly.ThomasEdisonThereisnosubstitutefbrhardwork.LeoTolstoiThestrongestofallwarriorsarethesetwo-TimeandPatience.ThomasJeffersonI'magreatbelieverinluck,andIfindtheharderIwork...themoreIhaveofit.RobertCollierSuccessisthesumofsmallefforts,repeateddayinanddayout.RayA.CrocLuckisadividendofsweat.Themoreyousweat,theluckieryouget.實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)與間接經(jīng)驗(yàn)Youlllearnmoreaboutaroadbytravelingit...thanbyconsultingallthemapsintheworld.動(dòng)機(jī)與結(jié)果VinceLombardiWinningisn'teverything...butwantingtowinis.JohnF.KennedyWechoosetogo!tothemoonandotherthings,ootbecausetheyareeasy,butbecausetheyarehard.ThucydidesThestrongdowhattheywill.Theweakdowhattheymust.為人態(tài)度：JohnWoodenTalentisGodgiven-BeHumble.Fameismangiven-BeThankful.Conceitisselfgiven-BeCareful.行動(dòng)：TheodoreRooseveltDowhatyoucan,withwhatyouhave,withwhereyouare.PubliliusSyrusMaximNooneknowswhathecandotillhetries.TerenceThereisnothingsoeasybutthatitbecomesdifficultwhenyoudoitreluctantly.ThomasFullerAwisemanturnschanceintogoodfortune.WilliamHazlittProsperityisagreatteacher;adversityisagreater.WilliamPennNopains,nopalm;nothorns,nothrone;nogall,noglory;nocross,nocrown.WillRogersEvenifyou'reontherighttrack,you'llgetrunover...ifyoujustsitthere.Opportunityrarelyknocksonyourdoor.Knockratheronopportunity'sdoorifyouardentlywishtoenter.成功與失敗VinceLombardiIt'snotwhetheryougetknockeddown....It'swhetheryougetupagain.WinstonChurchillAnoptimistseesanopportunityineverycalamity;apessimistseesacalamityineveryopportunity.熱情（年輕/年老）RalphWaldoEmersonNothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm.信心JamesAllenThewilltodospringsfromtheknowledgethatwecando.SamuelJohnsonFewthingsareimpossibletodiligenceandskill.AugheyLosttimeisneverfoundagain.VoltaireNoproblemcanstandtheassaultofsustainedthinking.NapoleonVictorybelongstothemostpersevering.細(xì)心EuipidesLeavenostoneunturned.計(jì)劃與工作NormanVincentPealePlanyourworkfortodayandeveryday;thenworkyourplan.HenryFordFailureisonlytheopportunitytomoreintelligentlybeginagain.ThomasEdisonIstartwherethelastmanleftoff.理想與現(xiàn)實(shí)Whatthemindofmancanconceiveandbelieve,themindofamancanachieve.勤奮BenjaminFranklinPloughdeepwhilesluggardssleep.目標(biāo)HenryDavidThoreauInthelonerunmenhitonlywhattheyaimat.幸運(yùn)EmilyDickinsonLuckisnotchance...It*stoil...Fortune'sexpensivesmileisearned.勤奮ThomasEdisonGeniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration.UsefulQuotations想象力AlbertEinsteinImaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.挑戰(zhàn)：WalterBegehotThegreatpleasureinlifeisdoingwhatpeoplesayyoucannotdo.機(jī)會(huì)與準(zhǔn)備AbrahamLincolnIwillprepareandsomedaymychancewillcome.信心與事實(shí)HenryFordWhetheryouthinkyoucanorthinkyoucan't—youareright.EnglishProverbWherethere*sawillthere'saway.Thereisnofailureexceptingnolongertrying.Luckiswhathappenswhenpreparationmeetsopportunity.能為四六級(jí)寫作加分的精彩好句一、用于駁性和比較性論文Ingeneral,Idon'tagreewithInmyopinion,thispointofviewdoesn'tholdwater.Thechiefreasonwhy...isthat...Thereisnotruethat...Itisnottruethat...Itcanbeeasilydeniedthan...Wehavenoreasontobelievethat...Whatismoreseriousisthat...Butitispitythat...Besides,weshouldnotneglectthat...Buttheproblemisnotsosimple.Therefore...Othersmayfindthistobetrue,butIbelieverthat...PerhapsIwasquestionwhy...Thereisacertainamountoftruthinthis,butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto...Thoughweareinbasicagreementwith...,butWhatseemstobethetroubleisAYetdifferenceswillbefound,that'swhyIfeelthat...Itwouldbereasonabletotaketheviewthatbutitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthat...Thereisinfactonreasonforussobelievethat...Whatthesepeoplefailtoconsideristhat...Itisonethingtoinsistthat...,itisquiteanothertoshowthat...WonderfulasAis,however,ithasitsowndisadvantagestoo.TheadvantagesofBaremuchgreaterthanA.A'sadvantagesoundsridiculouswhenB'sadvantagesaretakenintoconsideration.二、用于描寫圖表和數(shù)據(jù)Ithasincreasedbythreetimesascomparedwiththatof1998.Thereisanincreaseof20%intotalthisyear.Ithasbeenincreasedbyafactorof4since1995.Itwouldbeexpectedtoincrease5times.Thetableshowsathreetimesincreaseoverthatoflastyear.Itwasdecreasedtwicethanthatoftheyear1996.Thetotalnumberwasloweredby10%.Itrosefrom10-15percentofthetotalthisyear.Comparedwith1997,itfellfrom15to10percent.Thenumberis5timesasmuchasthatof1995.Ithasdecreasedalmosttwoandhalftimes,comparedwith...三、用于解釋性和闡述性論說文.Everybodyknowsthat...tcanbeeasilyprovedthat...Itistruethat...NoonecandenythatOnethingwhichisequallyimportanttotheabovementionedis...Thechiefreasonisthat...Wemustrecognizethat...Thereisondoubtthat...Iamoftheopinionthat...Thiscanbeexpressedasfollows;Totake...foranexample...WehavereasontobelievethatNowthatweknowthat...Amongthemostconvincingreasonsgiven,oneshouldbementioned...Thechangein...largelyresultsfromthefactthatThereareseveralcausesforthissignificantgrowthin...,firstsecondfinally...Anumberoffactorscouldaccountforthedevelopmentin...Perhapstheprimaryreasonis...Itischieflyresponsibleof...Thereasonsfor...arecomplicated,Andprobablytheyarefoundinthefact...Hereareseveralpossiblereasons,excerptthat...Somebodybelieves/argues/holds/insists/thinksthat...Itisnotsimpletogivethereasonforthiscomplicatedphenomenon...Differentpeopleobservesitindifferentways.四、用于文章的開頭Astheproverbsays...Itgoeswithoutsayingtan...Generallyspeaking...Itisquiteclearthanbecause...Itisoftensaidthat...Manypeopleoftenasksuchquestion:14...Moreandmorepeoplehavecometorealize...Thereisnodoubtthat...Somepeoplebelievethat...Thesedaysweareoftenoldthat,butisthisreallythecase?Onegreatmansaidthat...Recentlytheissueof...hasbeenbroughttopublicattention.Inthepastseveralyearstherehasbeen...Nowitiscommonlyheldthat...butIdoubtwhether...Currentlythereisawidespreadconcernthat...Nowpeopleingrowingnumberarecomingtorealizethat...Thereisageneraldiscussiontodayabouttheissueof...Facedwith...,quiteafewpeoplearguethat...,butotherpeopleconceivedifferently.五、用于文章的結(jié)尾fromthispointofview...inaword...inconclusion...onaccountofthiswecanfindthat...theresultisdependenton...therefore,thesefindingsrevealthefollowinginformation:thus,thisisthereasonwhywemust...tosumup...asfaras...beconcerned,Ibelievethat...Itisobviousthat...Thereislittledoubtthat...Thereisnoimmediatesolutiontotheproblemof...?but...mightbehelpfulNoneofthesolutionsisquitesatisfactory.Theproblemshouldbeexaminedinanewway.Itishightimethatweputconsiderableemphasison...Takingintoaccountallthesefactors,wemaysafelyreachtheconclusionthat...六、用于論證和說明Asitisdescribedthat...Ithasbeenillustratedthat...Itprovidesagoodexampleof...Wemayciteanotherinstanceof...Historymanprovidesuswiththeexamplesof...Anumberoffurtherfactsmaybeadded...Thesituationisnotunique,itistypicalofdozensIhaveheard.Arecentinvestigationindicatethat...Accordingtothestatisticsprovided...Accordingtoalateststudy,itcanbepredicted...Thereisnosufficientevidencetoshowthat...Allavailableevidencepointstothefactthat...Examplesgivenleadsmetoconcludethat...Itrevealstheunquestionablefactthat...Theideamaybeprovedbyfacts...Allthefactssuggestthat...Noonecandenythefactthat...Wcmayfacetheundeniablefactthat...?表示比較和對(duì)照關(guān)系的句型：AistoBwhat/asCistoD(A之于B猶如C之于D).Justas...,so...AandBhavesthincommon.AissimilartoB.Thesameistrueof,Thesamecanbesaidof( 也是如此).TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanB.comparedwithB,Ahasmanyadvantages.Theadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantages(利大于弊).WonderfulasAis,however,ithasitsowndisadvantagestoo.AlthoughAenjoysconsiderableadvantageover...,itcannotcompetewithBin...Contrarytowidelyacceptedviews,Ibelievethat...Whatpeoplefailtoconsideristhat...Itisonethingtoinsistthat...,itisquiteanothertoshowthat...Nothingcanrival...( 是無與倫比的)...hasdrawbacksaswellasmerits.Aissuperior(inferior)toB....variesfrompersontoperson( 是因人而異的)Aisjusttheopposite(toB)AdiffersfromBinthat...(A不同于B在于 )...isnotthesame(as)?過渡性句型：thisistruethat...Thisistrue,nodoubt,but......also...Itisonethingto...;itisanotherto...?描寫圖表和數(shù)據(jù)的句型...rankfirst(both)in......inproportionto...Aisbyfarthelargest...Asmanyas....Thenumberis...timesasmuchasthatof...Thefigurehasnearlydoubled/tripled,asagainstthatoflastyear.Itaccountsfor35%of...Bycomparisonwithitdecreased/increased/fellfrom...to......riserapidly(slowly)...remainlevel......reach...rise/increaseThere is a slight/slow/steady/rapidrise/increasedemand./income./population./prices./production./decrease/decline/reduction/fall/dropinbeontheincrease/decrease/rise/decline( 在不斷的增加，減少，上升，下降)?圖表作文中的過渡、概括句型：Ascanbeindicatedinthetable,...Aswecouldfindoutlater,...Asisrevealedinthetable,...Asthesurveyresultsshow,...Thistableprovidesseveralimportantpointsofcomparisonbetween,...Thetwographsdepictthesamethingin...Thekeyfindingstakenfromthesurveysareasfollows:Accordingtothefiguresgiveninthetable,...Thischartshowsthat...Asisshownbythegraph,...Itcanbeseenfromthestatisticsthat...Itisgenerallybelieved/accepted/thought/held...?說明原因的句型：Therearesome/two/manygoodreasonsfor.../todo...Wehavetwogoodreasonsfor...Thereasonfbr...isthat+從句Amongthemostconvincingreasonsgivenbypeoplefor...,oneshouldbementioned...Onemaythinkofthetrendasaresultof..Thechangein...largelyresultsfromthefactthat...Thereareseveralcausesfbrthissignificantgrowthin...irst...Anumberoffactorscouldaccountfbrthe....Itisnosimpletasktogivethereasonfbr...Thecauseof/reasonfbrhigherpriceswasanincreaseindemand.Because/As/Nowthat/Sincethedemandhasincreased,thepricesarehigher.Anincreaseindemandcauses/resultsin/leadsto/produceshigherprices.Thedemandhasincreased.Therefore,/AsaresultJForthisreason,/Becauseofthis,/Consequently,thepricesarehigher.Ifthereisanincreaseindemand,thenpricesrise./goup./boost./arehigher.Differentpeoplelookat...indifferentways...?表示不同看法的句型：Differentpeoplehave/holddifferentopinions/viewsonthequestion/problem/matter.SomebelievethatOthersarguethat...:StillothersmaintainthatTheyarequitedifferentfromeachotherintheiropinions.Somepeopleholdtheopinionthatitisgoodto....Theythinkquitedifferentlyonthisquestion.Opinionsvaryfromindividualtoindividual,fromculturetoculture.?表示必須，緊急，有困難做某事的句型：Itisimportant(necessary,urgent,difficult,easy,convenient,comfortable,expensive,desirable,advisable)fbrsb.todosth....havetrouble/difficulty/ahardtime/adifficulttime(in)doingsth.(有困難做某事)英語(yǔ)寫作20字訣Agreement:主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱、數(shù)上的一致,關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的一致。Ambiguity:盡量不去使用可能引起歧義的詞語(yǔ)或句子。Brief:文章"簡(jiǎn)為貴"，要抓住要點(diǎn)，簡(jiǎn)明扼要。Coherence:文理通順，前后連貫。Development:主題的發(fā)揮應(yīng)當(dāng)充分、合理、正確。Division:詞匯、句子、段落要分配使用得當(dāng)，劃分要清楚，避免使用重復(fù)字句和種子片段。Figures:正確合理使用各類修辭格式。Inflateddiction:不使用做作的語(yǔ)言。Key:用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)鍵詞突出主題,每段都應(yīng)有主題句。Logical:內(nèi)容要符合邏輯。Message:信息要新鮮、確實(shí)、可信。Omit:合理刪除多余的不必要部分。Proposition:主張、觀點(diǎn)、論述要清楚肯切、合情入理。Punctuation:正確適時(shí)使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。Relevant:文章一定要要題。Sentencepattern:句型要盡］比多樣化。Strait:開門見山，直來直去。Style:文體恰切，適合內(nèi)容要求。Tense:動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要正確、一致、變化合理。Theme:選題得當(dāng)，主題突出。.開門見山，揭示主題文章一開頭,，就交待清楚文章的主題是什么。如“HowISpentMyVacation”（我怎樣度假）的開頭是：ISpentmylastvacationhappily.下面是題為"Honesty"（談?wù)\實(shí)）一文中的開頭：Honestyisoneofthebestvirtues.Anhonestmanisalwaystrustedandrespected.Onthecontrary,onewhotellsliesisregardedasa"liar”,andislookeduponbyhonestpeople..交代人物、事情、時(shí)間或環(huán)境開頭在文章的開頭，先把人物、事件和環(huán)境交待清楚。例如"ATriptoJinshan"（去金山旅游）的開頭：ThedaybeforeyesterdaymyclasswentonabustriptoJinshan.Thebusridetheretookthreehours.Thelongtripmadeusverytired,butthesightofthebeautifulsearefreshedus..回憶性的開頭用回憶的方法來開頭。例如"ATriptotheTaishanMountain”（泰山游）的開頭是:IremembermyfirsttriptotheTaishanMountainasifitwereyesterday..概括性的開頭即對(duì)要在文章中敘述的人或事先作一個(gè)概括性的介紹。如“TheHappinessofReadingBooks”（讀書的快樂）的開頭：Peopleoftensaythatgoldandsilverarethemostvaluablethingsintheworld.But1saythattoreadbooksismorevaluablethananythingelse,becausebooksgiveusknowledgeandknowledgegivesuspower..介紹環(huán)境式的開頭即開頭利用自然景物或自然環(huán)境引出要介紹的事物。如“AnAccident”（一場(chǎng)事故）的開頭是：Itwasarainyandwindymorning.Theskywasgloomy,thetemperaturewaslow,andthestreetwasnearlyempty.Iwasonmywaybacktoschool.Suddenly,aspeedingcarcameroundthecomer..交待寫作目的的開頭。在文章的一開頭就交待寫作目的，如通過文章要表?yè)P(yáng)誰(shuí),批評(píng)誰(shuí)，或說明一個(gè)什么問題等。如"PollutionControl"（控制污染）的開頭：InthisarticleIshalldrawyourattentiontothesubjectofpollutioncontrol.英語(yǔ)作文的文章的正文文章的正文是由若干段落組成的，段落通常由幾個(gè)或者更多的句子組成,有時(shí)候一個(gè)句子也能成段。文章的正文應(yīng)以文章的開頭為線索，具體地?cái)⑹?、說明或論證文章的主題。文章不論長(zhǎng)短，每個(gè)段落都必須為主題服務(wù)。像說明文和議論文這一類的文章，一個(gè)主題還常分成幾個(gè)小主題，每個(gè)小主題要用一個(gè)段落處理，另起一段時(shí)，應(yīng)是一層新的意思。每一段的開頭,要放一個(gè)表示段落小主題的主題句，這樣可使文章條理化,易于閱讀,便于讀者抓住主題。段內(nèi)的所有句子應(yīng)圍繞主題句的意義加以闡述或論證，為中心思想服務(wù)。句子之間應(yīng)銜結(jié)自然，有條不紊，而且還要合乎邏輯，段落中不能出現(xiàn)任何與主題無關(guān)的句子;英語(yǔ)寫作比較重視主題句的作用，缺少它段落意義就會(huì)含糊不清。主題句也可放在段落的中間和末尾等部位，但對(duì)初學(xué)者來說，以放在段首為好。見下列這篇題為"HowtoBeaGoodStudent"（怎樣做個(gè)好學(xué)生）的文章：Westudentsarethebuildersandmastersofthecountry.Itisimportantforustoknowhowtobeagoodstudent.Agoodstudent,Ithink,shouldbediligentinhisstudies.Themorehestudies,themorehewillincreasehisknowledge.Withoutenoughknowledge,wecannotmakegreatcontributionstothemodernizationofourcountry.Totakecareofone'sownbodyisanotherimportantthingforgoodstudenttodo.Anyone,whohasn'tgotastrongbody,candonothingforhiscountry,evenifhehasmuchknowledge.Therewasaman,who,whenhewasstudent,studiedhardbutneglectedhishealth.Nosoonerdidhecometoservethecountrythanhediedofpoorhealth.Fromthiswemayseethattohaveastrongbodyisreallyveryimportantforastudent.Lastly,tocultivateone'sownvirtueismostimportant.Virtueistheessenceofanobleandgoodcharacter.Itwillgreatlyhelponetobeusefulandhiscountryheartandsoul.Whenlearnedpeoplegoastray,theydomoreharmthangoodtosociety.Weshoulddrawlessonsfromthis.這篇文章的第一段引出了文章的主題,第二、第三和第四段則是文章的正文，每一段的第一句即是段落的主題句，它們既支持了文章中心的觀點(diǎn)和思想，同時(shí)又概括了全段的意思。在同一段落中，其余的句子都圍繞主題句所表示的中心展開，同時(shí)句子間的銜結(jié)也很自然;各層的意思都很連貫。分段是文章組織上重要的一步,但如果寫的題目范圍很小，那就無須再將題目分成小的主題，并分入各個(gè)段落去闡述了。像一篇簡(jiǎn)短的評(píng)論;某一事情的簡(jiǎn)短記載，某一個(gè)想法的說明，對(duì)一個(gè)人物或一件事情的簡(jiǎn)要敘述或說明等,就可以只用一個(gè)段落來表現(xiàn)主題。在記敘文中，段的結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可以很簡(jiǎn)單，不需要有主題句,敘事一氣呵成，中途沒有停頓。段與段之所以分開,只是為了起修辭作用，以便把某一細(xì)節(jié)置于顯著的地位。某些測(cè)試用的表達(dá)題，在題目中就已經(jīng)說明只需要根據(jù)。所給的提示寫一個(gè)段落，而不是一篇文章。對(duì)于這一類的寫作試題，就可以予以簡(jiǎn)潔的處理，并不是非要擴(kuò)充成一篇有頭有尾的完整文章。下面這篇題為“WeekendHomework”（談周末作業(yè)）的短文，就是用一個(gè)段落來論述問題和表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的。UsallySaturdaynightisthetimefbrstudentstogetbacktotheirdesksanddotheirweekendhomework.Sixschooldaysareenoughfbrthestudentswhohavemanyotherinterests.Ithinkweekendhomeworkshouldnotbegiven.WithhomeworkarrangedfbrSaturdaynightandthewholeofSunday,whencanhefindtimetohelparoundthehouse,playagameoffootballorseeagoodfilm,orjustrelax?InfactweekendhomeworkisusuallyputoffuntilSundaynight.Asaresultourhomeworkisdoneverypoorlyandweachivenoresults.Iftherewerenohomeworkonweekends,studentswouldgotoschoolonMondaywellrested,willingtowork.Teachers,don*tyouagree?英語(yǔ)作文的文章的結(jié)尾文章結(jié)尾的作用是概括全文內(nèi)容,進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意義表達(dá)得更加深刻。文章結(jié)尾的形式也是多種多樣的,常見的有以下幾種：.首尾呼應(yīng)，畫龍點(diǎn)睛在文章的結(jié)尾，把含義較深的話放在末尾，以點(diǎn)明主題，深化主題，起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的效果。如"ICannotForgetHer"（我忘不了她）的結(jié)尾：Afterherdeath,Ifeltasifsomethingweremissinginmylife.Iwassadoverherpassingaway,butIknewshewouldnothavehadanyregretsathavinggivenherlifefbrthebenefitofthepeople..重復(fù)主題句結(jié)尾回到文章開頭闡明的中心思想或主題句上，達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。如“ILoveMyHomeTown”（我愛家鄉(xiāng)）的結(jié)尾：Ilovemyhometown,andIloveitspeople.Theytoohavechanged.Theyaregoingallouttodomorefbrthegoodofourmotherland..自然結(jié)尾隨著文章的結(jié)束，文章自然而然地結(jié)尾。如“Fishing”（釣魚）的結(jié)尾：Icaughtasmanyastwentyfishintwohours,butmybrothercaughtmanymore.Tiredfromfishing,welaydownontheriverbank,bathinginthesun.Wereturnedhomeverylate..含蓄性的結(jié)尾用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接點(diǎn)明作者的看法，而是讓讀者自己去領(lǐng)會(huì)和思考。如“ADayofHarvesting”（收割的日子）的結(jié)尾:Eveningcamebeforewerealizedit.Weputdownoursicklesandlookedateachother.Ourclotheswerewetwithsweat,butoneveryfacetherewasasmile..用反問結(jié)尾雖然形式是問句，但意義卻是肯定的，并具有特別的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，引起讀者深思。如"ShouldWeLearntoDoHousework?"（我們要不要學(xué)做家務(wù)?）的結(jié)尾。Everyoneshouldlearntodohousework.Don*tyouagree,boysandgirls?.指明方向，激勵(lì)讀者結(jié)尾表示對(duì)將來的展望，或期待讀者投入行動(dòng)。如"Let'sGoinforSports”（讓我們參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)）的結(jié)尾：Aswehavesaidabove,sportscanbeofgreatvalue.Theynotonlymakepeoplelivehappilybutalsohelppeopletolearnvirtuesanddotheirworkbettter.Asoundmindisinasoundbody.Lefsgoinfbrsports.怎樣寫好英語(yǔ)句子下面我們以考生的實(shí)際作文來進(jìn)行一下分析。Someoneconsiderthatfreshwaterwillnottouchit'send.（96年1月,2分）Oneman'slifelackofmoney,hewillimpossibletoliveon.（95年1月,5分）Asisknow,thattherearemuchfakecommoditiesintoday'ssociety.（97年12月,6分）這里引述的例句與考生通篇作文的寫作水平是一致的，其中5、6分的例句具有典型性，代表了近乎中等水平考生的寫作水平。從這些例句中不難看出，中等水平的考生，事實(shí)上也包括中上等水平的考生，在寫作上存在的主要問題是表達(dá)思想不清楚。表達(dá)思想不清楚的主要原因是考生作文中嚴(yán)重漢化的英語(yǔ)，即中式英語(yǔ)，比如："mancanlivehappiness","Manisiron,andfoodissteel.","Womenarehalfsidesky."o此外，語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤的普遍性和嚴(yán)重性十分驚人,比如,主謂不一致，名詞單復(fù)數(shù)不分，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)濫用，常用詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤比比皆是。這些嚴(yán)重地影響r思想的表達(dá)?？荚噷?shí)踐表明，多數(shù)考生在寫作上的主要欠缺不是系統(tǒng)的寫作理論和方法，而是最基本的單句寫作能力。文章無論長(zhǎng)短，都是由句子組成的，句子是表達(dá)思想的最基本的單位。因此，句子是否能寫得正確、達(dá)意和清楚，將直接影響整篇文章的寫作質(zhì)量。大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)考試和研究生入學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試的實(shí)踐都表明，考生寫作成績(jī)長(zhǎng)期得不到明顯提高的主要原因是欠缺寫好單句的能力。為改變這種狀況,我們將從剖析考生作文中的典型病句人手，對(duì)寫作測(cè)試中的基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)和寫法進(jìn)行評(píng)議和分析，來幫助考生進(jìn)一步提高句子寫作能力。否定結(jié)構(gòu)除了在助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,be和have后面加not之外,還有許多不含not的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。若能正確使用他們，文章會(huì)顯得生動(dòng)活潑,增加寫作的閃光點(diǎn)。下面我們就來看看：.含有否定意義的詞匯和短語(yǔ)以下列舉的詞和詞組本身就具有否定的含義,因此無需用否定詞。介詞against,beyond,but,except,without,...形容詞和動(dòng)詞absent,deny,differ,different,fail,free,ignore,miss,refuse,thelast,usedto,reluctant,lack,want,...短語(yǔ)keep...from,protect...from,prevent...from,letalone,ataloss,invain,insteadoutofthequestion,ratherthan,too...to,bynomeans,anythingbut,...我們看以下例句：Womenfailtogettheequalrightsinsomecountries.在一些國(guó)家里婦女沒有得到平等的權(quán)利。Thisisbynomeansthebestwaytosolvetheproblemofenergycrisis.這不是解決能源危機(jī)的最好的辦法。Weshouldprotecttreesfrombeingdestroyed.我們應(yīng)保護(hù)樹木，不讓它們受破壞。InoldChinawecouldnotmakeanail,letalone(make)machines.在舊中國(guó)，我們連一個(gè)釘子都造不了，更不用說制造機(jī)器了。.含有半否定意義的詞語(yǔ)barely,hardly,few,little,rarely,scarcely,seldom,notall,noteveryone,noteverything,…具有半否定的意義。例句：Wecouldhardlyseeanyfreshvegetablesinwinteronmarketseveralyearsago.幾年前在冬天市場(chǎng)上很難見到新鮮蔬菜。Theseyoungpeopleknowlittleabouthowtochoosegoodbookstoread.這些年輕人幾乎不知道如何挑選優(yōu)秀的書籍來讀。.不含否定意義的否定結(jié)構(gòu)有些詞和詞組形式上是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，但其含義是肯定的，比如:cannotbut,can'thelp,nosooner...than,not...until,innotime,noneotherthan,nothingbut,等等。例句：Wecan'tbutfacethereality.我們只有面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)。Theseoldbuildingswillbereplacedbymodemapartmentbuildingsinnotime.這些舊建筑將很快為現(xiàn)代化的公寓所代替。.否定結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝語(yǔ)序我們有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)而把否定詞和詞組放在句首，這時(shí)句子結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)倒裝。例如：Onnoaccountshouldwefollowblindly.我們決不應(yīng)當(dāng)盲從。Nowherehastheworldeverseensuchgreatenthusiasmforlearningasinourcountiy沒有任何其他地方有我國(guó)這樣高的學(xué)習(xí)熱情。五、含有it的結(jié)構(gòu)考生病句：Asisknowntoallofusthatscienceandtechnologyplayanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofsociety.Itisknowntous,practicemakesperfect.正確表達(dá)：Itisknowntoallofusthatscienceandtechnologyplayanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofsociety.(或:Asisknowntoallofus,science...)Itisknowntousthatpracticemakesperfect.(或:Asisknowntous,practice...)評(píng)議與分析：例句1是93年12月六級(jí)考試11分作文的評(píng)分樣卷句子，例句2選自97年1月四級(jí)考試作文。很顯然,兩個(gè)考生混淆了it和as的用法。如果用it作形式主語(yǔ)，后面的主語(yǔ)從句必須由that引起;如果用as,則后面不能用that,因?yàn)閍s是關(guān)系代詞，代表practicemakesperfect<,It在英語(yǔ)中是個(gè)相當(dāng)活躍的代詞,在寫作中我們常要使用它。以下幾種用法應(yīng)熟練掌握，并能靈活運(yùn)用。.作形式主語(yǔ)Itisnecessaryforustomasteraforeignlanguageskillfully.Itmakesdifferencewhetherwecouldpurifytheairornot..作形式賓語(yǔ)Wefinditratherdifficulttopreventpeoplefromdoingthat.Modemsciencehasmadeitpossiblefbrbabiestogrowhealthilyandfbrpeopletolivelonger..引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句Itisonlybythiswaythatwecanachievesuccess.Itwasthenthatpeoplebegantorealizetheimportanceofcontrollingpopulation.、"Therebe”結(jié)構(gòu)考生病句：Therearemanypeopleliketogotothemovies.Therearedifferentkindsofvegetablescanbeboughtonthemarketbypeople.正確表達(dá)：Therearemanypeoplewholiketogotothemovies.Therearedifferentkindsofvegetablesthatpeoplecanbuyonthemarket.這兩個(gè)例句的錯(cuò)誤比較有普遍性，因?yàn)樵跉v次考試中有不少考生不能正確運(yùn)用therebe這一最常用的句式。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有實(shí)際意義。be在句中作謂語(yǔ)，有時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。例如：Therewasnoschoolinthevillageatthattime.(=therewasnotaschool...)注意:在否定句中，否定詞用no,也可用nota或notanyonota后接單數(shù)名詞,nota后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,no后面的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)都可以。Thereisnotamomenttobelost.Therearemanypeoplerushingintothecitieseveryyear.Therearemanythingswecandotopreventtrafficaccidents.Thereisnouseholdingbackthewheelofhistory.從以上例句還可看出，句中的主語(yǔ)后面可接多種修飾語(yǔ)，如介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句、分詞短語(yǔ)等等。這無疑使該結(jié)構(gòu)增加了表現(xiàn)力，使句子表達(dá)內(nèi)容更加豐富。在運(yùn)用這一結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，考生最容易犯的錯(cuò)誤是在therebe之后又用了一個(gè)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。這里列舉的考生的典型錯(cuò)誤均屬這種情況，對(duì)此我們?cè)趯懽髦幸裢庾⒁狻６?、比較結(jié)構(gòu)考生病句：Comparingwiththebike,thecarrunsmuchfaster.TheclimateinWaltoniscolderthanothercities.正確表達(dá)：Comparedwiththebike,thecarrunsmuchfaster.TheclimateinWaltoniscolderthanthatofothercities.評(píng)議與分析:許多考生在作文中用compare或than表示比較，但相當(dāng)多的表達(dá)有誤。在例1中，對(duì)兩個(gè)事物進(jìn)行比較的句式為ComparedwithA,B...,只能用compare的過去分詞,不能用現(xiàn)在分詞，因?yàn)锽是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，只能被比較。在例2中，考生誤將"天氣"與"城市"進(jìn)行比較，而二者沒有可比性,只有將后者改為"其他城市的天氣"才符合邏輯，很顯然,考生的錯(cuò)誤是受了漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的影響。比較結(jié)構(gòu)是常用結(jié)構(gòu)，正確地使用這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以使文章的句式增加變化，有利于提高寫作成績(jī)。一般說來,考生若能恰當(dāng)、正確地運(yùn)用這一結(jié)構(gòu)，其寫作成績(jī)應(yīng)在5分以上。下面是比較結(jié)構(gòu)的一些常用的表達(dá)方法。.同級(jí)比較In1998weproducedasmanycarsaswedidinthepreviousfiveyears.Wehaveaccomplishedasmuchinthepastthreeyearsaswouldhavetakentenyearsinthepast..比較級(jí)Childrennowenjoybettermedicaltreatmentthanbefore.Wecanlivelongerwithoutfoodthanwecan(live)withoutwater.最高級(jí)ThisisthemostinterestingbookI'veeverread.OfallhisnovelsIlikethisonebest..themore...themore…結(jié)構(gòu)Theharderyouw**rprogressyouwillmake.Themoreamanknows,themorehediscovershisignorance..選擇比較Ipreferstayingathometogoingout.Theyprefertoworkratherthan(to)sitidly.Hepreferstoworkalone.注意:這里的1)句用的是PreferAtoB結(jié)構(gòu),to為介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞;2)句是以不定式作 prefer的賓語(yǔ);3)句用法同2),只是不把ratherthan部分表達(dá)出來。.對(duì)比Motionisabsolutewhilestagnationisrelative.Heistiredout,whereassheisfu