考研考博-英語-南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofit,onlyawomaniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobepackedfullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.

Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave.Skirtsarelengthenedorshortened;neck-linesareloweredorraised,andsoon.

Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeledshoes.

Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen’sclothes,onewonders,reflectbasicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability?Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicqualitiesofstabilityandreliability?Thatisforyoutodecide.

1.Designersandbigstoresalwaysmakemoney（）.

2.Tothewriter,thefactthatwomenchangetheirold-fashioneddressesisseenas（）.

3.Thewriterwouldbelesscriticaliffashiondesignersplacedmorestressonthe（）ofclothing.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Bysaying“theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious”（Para.4,Line1-2）,thewritermeansthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bymercilesslyexploitingwomenworkersintheclothingindustry

B.byconstantlychangingthefashionsinwomen’sclothing

C.becausetheyarecapableofpredictingnewfashions

D.becausetheyattachgreatimportancetoqualityinwomen’sclothing

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.awasteofmoney

B.anexpressionofcreativity

C.anexpressionoftaste

D.awasteoftime

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.cost

B.appearance

C.comfort

D.suitability

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Newfashionsinclothingarecreatedforthecommercialexploitationofwomen.

B.Theconstantchangesinwomen’sclothingreflecttheirstrengthofcharacter.

C.Thefashionindustrymakesanimportantcontributiontosociety.

D.Fashiondesignsshouldnotbeencouragedsincetheyareonlywelcomedbywomen.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.women’sinconstancyintheirchoiceofclothingisoftenlaughedat

B.menaremorereasonableinthematteroffashion

C.menarealsoexploitedgreatlybyfashiondesigners

D.womenarebetterabletoputupwithdiscomfort

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores（因?yàn)樗齻円幌氲酱┲^時(shí)的衣服出現(xiàn)在公眾面前就會(huì)顫抖，她們總是被設(shè)計(jì)師和大商店利用）以及第二段第一句Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn（時(shí)尚的變化只不過是故意制造浪費(fèi)。許多婦女每年花大量的錢來更換幾乎沒穿過的衣服）可以判斷出B選項(xiàng)“通過不斷改變婦女服裝的時(shí)尚”正確；A選項(xiàng)“通過殘酷剝削服裝業(yè)的女工”和C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兡茴A(yù)測新時(shí)尚”錯(cuò)誤，原文并沒有提及；根據(jù)第三段第二句Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability（時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師很少關(guān)注保暖、舒適和耐用等重要因素）可以得知D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兎浅Ｖ匾晪D女服裝的質(zhì)量”錯(cuò)誤；因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第二段第三句Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave（那些不能以這種方式扔掉衣服的女人，會(huì)浪費(fèi)她們的時(shí)間來修改她們已有的衣服），可知D選項(xiàng)“浪費(fèi)時(shí)間”正確；根據(jù)第二段第二句Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn（許多婦女每年花大量的錢來更換幾乎沒穿過的衣服）可以得知A選項(xiàng)“浪費(fèi)錢”錯(cuò)誤，題目問的是作者對于女性改變她們老式服裝這件事的態(tài)度；B選項(xiàng)“一種創(chuàng)造力的表達(dá)”以及C選項(xiàng)“一種品味的表達(dá)”在文中都沒有提到；因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.（時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師很少關(guān)注保暖、舒適和耐用等重要因素。他們只對外表感興趣，并利用女人只要看起來漂亮就會(huì)忍受種種不適這一事實(shí)）可以判斷出C選項(xiàng)“舒適”正確以及B選項(xiàng)“外貌，外觀；出現(xiàn)，露面”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)原文第一段Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.（如果女人們年復(fù)一年地被無情地剝削，那只能怪她們自己。因?yàn)樗齻円幌氲酱┲^時(shí)的衣服出現(xiàn)在公眾面前就會(huì)顫抖，她們總是被設(shè)計(jì)師和大商店利用）可知作者認(rèn)為時(shí)尚界是在利用女性，并且認(rèn)為時(shí)尚圈沒有對社會(huì)做出真正的貢獻(xiàn)，因此A選項(xiàng)“費(fèi)用，代價(jià)，成本”并不是作者所考慮的內(nèi)容；D選項(xiàng)“適合；適當(dāng)”在文章中未提及；因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段第一二句Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores（如果女人們年復(fù)一年地被無情地剝削，那只能怪她們自己。因?yàn)樗齻円幌氲酱┲^時(shí)的衣服出現(xiàn)在公眾面前就會(huì)顫抖，她們總是被設(shè)計(jì)師和大商店利用），可知A選項(xiàng)“時(shí)裝的新款式是為對女性的商業(yè)剝削而創(chuàng)造的”正確；B選項(xiàng)“女人服裝的不斷變化反映了她們性格的力量”和D選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚設(shè)計(jì)不應(yīng)該被鼓勵(lì)，因?yàn)樗鼈冎皇芘詺g迎”未在原文中提起；根據(jù)第三段第一句Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety（沒有人能說時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)對社會(huì)做出了真正重要的貢獻(xiàn)）可以得知C選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)對社會(huì)做出了重要的貢獻(xiàn)”錯(cuò)誤；因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到最后一段第一句Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.（當(dāng)把男人和女人在時(shí)尚方面進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，得出的結(jié)論是顯而易見的）以及第三句Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.（男人很聰明，不會(huì)讓時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師欺騙自己）可以判斷出B選項(xiàng)“男人在時(shí)尚問題上更講道理”正確；根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeledshoes（幾乎每個(gè)男人在他的一生中，看到一個(gè)女人在冬天穿著單薄的衣服瑟瑟發(fā)抖，或者穿著高跟鞋在厚厚的雪地里小心翼翼地行走時(shí)，都會(huì)微笑）可知A選項(xiàng)“女人在衣著選擇上的反復(fù)無常經(jīng)常被嘲笑”錯(cuò)誤，和原文表達(dá)的含義不符合；C選項(xiàng)“男人們也被時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師極大地利用了”在文章中未提及；根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段theytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright（他們利用女人只要看起來漂亮就會(huì)忍受種種不適這一事實(shí)）可知文章只是說利用這件事，并不是說女人更能忍受不適，也不是題目所問的結(jié)論指代的內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)“女人更能忍受不適”錯(cuò)誤；因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

GreatBritainusedtobecalledempireonwhichsunneversets.Butitsnavalforcewasalmost（

）duringtheattack.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.annihilated

B.prohibited

C.diminished

D.empowered

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)annihilate“徹底消滅”；B選項(xiàng)prohibit“阻止，禁止”；C選項(xiàng)diminish“減少，縮小”；D選項(xiàng)empower“使自主；授權(quán)”。填入一個(gè)過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，But表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由關(guān)鍵信息navalforce“海軍力量”可知annihilate“徹底消滅”的過去分詞annihilated符合題意，句意為：英國曾經(jīng)被稱作日不落帝國。但它的海軍力量幾乎在進(jìn)攻期間被徹底消滅。故答案選A。

3.單選題

Churchill’sinspiringspeecheshelped______hiscountrymentofightagainsttheenemy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rally

B.ally

C.resemble

D.ramble

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.rally召集；集合B.ally與……結(jié)盟

C.resemble看起來像；顯得像D.ramble漫步；漫談

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息tofightagainsttheenemy（與敵人作戰(zhàn)）可知，______hiscountrymen是指“召集他的國民”，該題選擇A項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】丘吉爾鼓舞人心的演說幫助他的國民團(tuán)結(jié)起來與敵人作戰(zhàn)。

4.單選題

Itisimperativethatthegovernment（）moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attracts

B.shallattract

C.attract

D.hastoattract

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在itis+表示要求，建議，必要，命令意思的形容詞或分詞+主語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中。句子使用虛擬語氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略，imperative表示“必要的，不可避免的”。句意：吸引更多的投資到造船業(yè)是勢在必行的。因此,本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Politicians,environmentalistsandbusinessmenfromallovertheworldassembledtodiscussthewaysof（）atmosphericpollution.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cuttingat

B.cuttingdown

C.cuttingoff

D.cuttingout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)cutat“對準(zhǔn)猛打；向……砍去”；B選項(xiàng)cutdown“削減；砍倒；殺死”；C選項(xiàng)cutoff“切斷；使死亡”；D選項(xiàng)cutout“切斷；刪去；停止；關(guān)掉”。句意：來自世界各地的政治家、環(huán)保主義者和商人聚集在一起，討論減少大氣污染的方法。由題干中的“atmosphericpollution大氣污染”可推測出“削減”符合語境，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Oneofthesimplestandbestknownkindsofcrystalistheionicsalt,ofwhichatypicalexampleissodiumchloride,orordinarytablesalt.Thefundamentalcomponentsofanionicsaltareions:atomsormoleculesthathavebecomeelectricallychargedbygainingorlosingonemoreelectrons.Informingsodiumchloride,forexample,sodiumatomsgiveupanelectron(therebybecoming,positivelycharged)andchlorineatomsgainanelectron(therebybecomingnegativelychanged).Theionsareattractedtooneanotherbytheiroppositecharges,andtheystacktogethercompactly,liketightlypackedspheres.

Recently,scientistsatMichiganStateUniversitycreatedanewkindofcrystalcalledanelectride.Inelectrides,theanions(negativeions)arecompletelyreplacedbyelectrons,whicharetrappedinnaturallyformedcavitieswithinaframeworkofregularlystackedcations(positiveions).Electridesarethefirstexamplesofionicsaltsinwhichalltheseanionicsitesareoccupiedsolelybyelectrons.

Unlikeothertypesofanions,anionicelectronsdonotbehaveasiftheyweresimplechargedspheres.Inparticular,becauseoftheirlowmassandtheirtendencytointeractwithoneanotherovergreatdistances,theycannotbe“pinneddown”toanyonelocation.Instead,theywanderclosetoandamongtheatomsliningthecavityandinteractwithelectronsinnearbycavities,perhapschangingplaceswiththem.

Thepropertiesofanelectridedependlargelyonthedistancebetweenthecavitiesthatholdtrappedelectrons.Whenthetrappedelectronsarefarapart,theydonotinteractstrongly,andsobehavesomewhatlikeanarrayofisolatednegativecharges.Whentheyareclosertogether,theybegintodisplaypropertiesassociatedwithlargeensemblesofidenticalparticles.Whentheyarestillcloser,theensemblepropertiesdominateandtheelectrons“delocalize”:theyarenolongertightlyboundwithinindividualcavitiesbutaremoreorlessfreetopassthroughthespaceswithintheframeworkofpositiveions.

Bysynthesizingelectridesfromavarietyofmaterials,onecanvarythegeometryoftheanioniccavitiesandtheirrelationtothesurroundingcations.Theresultingpropertiesmaymakeitpossibleforelectridestobecomeabasisforeconomicallyusefulnewmaterialsanddevices.Forinstance,becausetheelectronsinsomeelectridesareveryweaklybound,thesecrystalscouldbeeffectiveasphotosensitivedetectors,inwhichanimpingingphotonliberatesanelectron,resultinginasmallelectriccurrent.Thesameweakbindingcouldalsomakeelectridesusefulinsolarenergyconvertersandascathodesinbatteries.Oneobstacleisthetendencyofelectridestodecomposethroughreactionwithairandwater.Researchersareseekingwaystoincreasetheirstability.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing_____.

2.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedifferencesbetweenthebehaviorofanionicelectronsandnormalanionsresultfromwhichofthefollowingfeaturesofelectrons,ascomparedtonormalanions?

I.Themuchlowermassofelectrons.

II.Themuchgreatertendencyofelectronstointeractwithoneanotheroverlargedistances.

III.Themuchgreaterlikelihoodofelectronstoremaintrappedinnaturallyformedanioniccavities.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thedefiningcharacteristicofanelectrideiswhichofthefollowing?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatanionsbehavingas“simplechargedspheres”(3rdparagraph)couldbeexpectedto____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.awaytoisolateelectrons

B.thecharacteristicsofanewkindofcrystal

C.thestructureofanionicsalt

D.commercialusesforelectrides

E.thepropertiesofions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.introducingavariantonthestandardatomictheory

B.describinghowchlorineatomscanbecomenegativelycharged

C.describingsomeearlyresearchatMichiganStateUniversity

D.presentingtheidentifyingpropertiesofanelectride

E.providingbackgroundforthetechnicaldiscussiontofollow

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ionly.

B.IIonly.

C.IandIIonly.

D.IandIIIonly.

E.IIandIIIonly.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itspositiveionsareofparticularlylowmass.

B.Itsionspossessidenticalelectricalcharges.

C.Itcontainsaframeworkofregularlystackedions.

D.Itsionsdemonstratestrongmutualattraction.

E.Itsnegativeionsconsistsolelyofelectrons.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.readilyloseelectronsandbecomepositivelycharged

B.movefreelyinandoutoftheircavities

C.respondtophotonsbyliberatingelectrons

D.stackwithotheranionstocreatearegularframework

E.remainfixedrelativetotheircations

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:E

第3題:C

第4題:E

第5題:E

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing____.本文主要討論____。

A.awaytoisolateelectronsA.隔離電子的方法

B.thecharacteristicsofanewkindofcrystalB.一種新型晶體的特性

C.thestructureofanionicsaltC.離子鹽的結(jié)構(gòu)

D.commercialusesforelectridesD.電子器件的商業(yè)用途

E.thepropertiesofionsE.離子的性質(zhì)

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)本文Para.2可知，“最近，密歇根州立大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們發(fā)明了一種叫做電子晶體的新型晶體?！毕挛亩际敲枋鲈摼w的特點(diǎn)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“隔離電子的方法”，屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“離子鹽的結(jié)構(gòu)”，文中主要講的是通過離子鹽獲得的新型晶體的特性結(jié)構(gòu)等，而非離子鹽，這里屬于張冠李戴;

D選項(xiàng)“電子器件的商業(yè)用途”，文中沒有涉及，屬于無中生有；

E選項(xiàng)“離子的性質(zhì)”，文中有提到離子，但是并不是主要講述離子，而是講晶體，這里屬于以偏概全。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith____.在第一段中，作者主要關(guān)注____。

A.introducingavariantonthestandardatomictheoryA.介紹標(biāo)準(zhǔn)原子理論的一個(gè)變體

B.describinghowchlorineatomscanbecomenegativelychargedB.描述氯原子如何帶負(fù)電荷

C.describingsomeearlyresearchatMichiganStateUniversityC.描述密歇根州立大學(xué)的一些早期研究

D.presentingtheidentifyingpropertiesofanelectrideD.給出電子化合物的識(shí)別特性

E.providingbackgroundforthetechnicaldiscussiontofollowE.為接下來的技術(shù)討論提供背景

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph1與題干信息詞可定位到Para.1，該處主要講離子鹽這種晶體的電子變化。從離子鹽這種最基本的晶體來引出下文中的新型晶體。因此選E。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“介紹標(biāo)準(zhǔn)原子理論的一個(gè)變體”屬于無中生有;

B選項(xiàng)“描述氯原子如何帶負(fù)電荷”，并不是作者主要關(guān)注的點(diǎn)，屬于本末倒置;

C選項(xiàng)“描述密歇根州立大學(xué)的一些早期研究”，第一段并沒有講該大學(xué)，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“給出電子化合物的識(shí)別特性”，并沒有給出電子化合物的特性，只是拿離子鹽做例子，屬于無中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedifferencesbetweenthebehaviorofanionicelectronsandnormalanionsresultfromwhichofthefollowingfeaturesofelectrons,ascomparedtonormalanions?

I.Themuchlowermassofelectrons.

II.Themuchgreatertendencyofelectronstointeractwithoneanotheroverlargedistances.

III.Themuchgreaterlikelihoodofelectronstoremaintrappedinnaturallyformedanioniccavities.從文章中可以推斷出，與正常陰離子相比，陰離子電子和正常陰離子之間的行為差異源于電子的下列哪個(gè)特征?

1.電子的質(zhì)量更低。

2.在很遠(yuǎn)的距離內(nèi)電子之間相互作用的更大趨勢。

3.電子被困在自然形成的陰離子空腔中的可能性要大得多。

A.Ionly.A.只有1。

B.IIonly.B.只有2。

C.IandIIonly.C.只有1和2。

D.IandIIIonly.D.只有1和3。

E.IIandIIIonly.E.只有2和3。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.3該處講到“與其他類型的陰離子不同，陰離子電子的行為不像簡單的帶電球體。特別是，由于它們的質(zhì)量很低（lowmass）”，還講“它們傾向于在很遠(yuǎn)的距離內(nèi)相互作用”。因此1和2正確。比對選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

選項(xiàng)3中“電子被困在自然形成的陰離子空腔中的可能性要大得多”，文中提到“電子體的特性很大程度上取決于容納被捕獲電子的空腔之間的距離……當(dāng)它們更接近時(shí)，整體性質(zhì)占主導(dǎo)地位，電子‘離域’：它們不再被緊緊束縛在單獨(dú)的空腔內(nèi)，而是或多或少地在正離子框架內(nèi)自由通過空間?！睋Q言之，電子沒有被困在陰離子空腔中。3選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，和原文相悖。A、B、D、E錯(cuò)誤。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,thedefiningcharacteristicofanelectrideiswhichofthefollowing?根據(jù)文章，電子化合物的定義特征是下列哪一個(gè)?

A.Itspositiveionsareofparticularlylowmass.A.它的正離子質(zhì)量特別低。

B.Itsionspossessidenticalelectricalcharges.B.它的離子具有相同的電荷。

C.Itcontainsaframeworkofregularlystackedions.C.它包含了一個(gè)由有序堆疊的離子組成的框架。

D.Itsionsdemonstratestrongmutualattraction.D.它的離子表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的相互吸引力。

E.Itsnegativeionsconsistsolelyofelectrons.E.它的負(fù)離子完全由電子組成。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.2第二句，該處講到“在電子化合物中，負(fù)離子被電子完全取代”，即它的負(fù)離子由電子組成。因此E選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它的正離子質(zhì)量特別低”，文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有;

B選項(xiàng)“它的離子具有相同的電荷”文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“它包含了一個(gè)由有序堆疊的離子組成的框架”，文中Para.2提到“這些電子被困在自然形成的空腔中，而這個(gè)空腔是由有序堆疊的陽離子組成的”，意思是這個(gè)空腔是由有序堆疊的離子組成的，而非電子化合物，該選項(xiàng)張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“它的離子表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的相互吸引力”，Para.4中提到“電子化合物的特性很大程度上取決于容納被捕獲電子的空腔之間的距離。當(dāng)被捕獲的電子相距較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)，它們的相互作用就不強(qiáng)烈”，所以它的離子并沒有表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的相互吸引力，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatanionsbehavingas“simplechargedspheres”(3rdparagraph)couldbeexpectedto________.從這篇文章可以推斷，陰離子的行為是“簡單的帶電球體”（第三段），可預(yù)知____。

A.readilyloseelectronsandbecomepositivelychargedA.容易失去電子而帶正電

B.movefreelyinandoutoftheircavitiesB.它們可以自由進(jìn)出空腔

C.respondtophotonsbyliberatingelectronsC.通過釋放電子對光子作出反應(yīng)

D.stackwithotheranionstocreatearegularframeworkD.與其他陰離子堆疊，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)規(guī)則的框架

E.remainfixedrelativetotheircationsE．相對于它們的陽離子保持不變

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】題目的重點(diǎn)在于anionsbehavingas“simplechargedspheres”（表現(xiàn)為“簡單的帶電球體”的陰離子），可以定位到原文Para.3第一句“與其他類型的陰離子不同，陰離子電子的行為不像是簡單的帶電球體”，這是一道反向推理題，第一句中的“donotbehaveasif...”表明第三段的陰離子電子特點(diǎn)與表現(xiàn)為“簡單的帶電球體”的陰離子的特點(diǎn)相反，所以要進(jìn)行反向推理。第二句中該處講到“它們不能被‘固定’在任何一個(gè)位置（“pinneddown”toanyonelocation）”可知陰離子電子特點(diǎn)是不能被固定在任何一個(gè)位置，則“簡單的帶電球體”的陰離子可以被固定住。該題選E。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“容易失去電子而帶正電”，文中沒有涉及，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“它們可以自由進(jìn)出空腔”，陰離子電子可以進(jìn)出空腔，但是陰離子不可以，屬于張冠李戴;

C選項(xiàng)“通過釋放電子對光子做出反應(yīng)”，陰離子電子與附近空腔內(nèi)的電子相互作用，而不是陰離子，屬于張冠李戴。

D選項(xiàng)“與其他陰離子堆疊，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)規(guī)則的框架”，文中提到“空腔是由有序堆疊的陽離子（正離子）組成的”而不是陰離子電子與陰離子堆疊創(chuàng)建框架，屬于無中生有。

7.單選題

AfterabigThanksgiving,mostpeoplefeel（）fromthetryptophanintheturkey.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.slipshod

B.languid

C.diminutive

D.extemporaneous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)slipshod“潦草的；穿著不整潔的”；B選項(xiàng)languid“倦怠的；呆滯的；軟弱無力的”；C選項(xiàng)diminutive“小的，小型的，微小的”；D選項(xiàng)extemporaneous“即席的，臨時(shí)的；不用講稿的”。句意：在一個(gè)豐盛的感恩節(jié)后，大多數(shù)人因火雞中的色氨酸而感覺軟弱無力。結(jié)合句意，故B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩的情況下，為何大宗商品價(jià)格卻在飆升呢？流行的解釋似乎是“投機(jī)”。但是，由于投機(jī)是無時(shí)不在的，這無法解釋為什么現(xiàn)在價(jià)格猛漲。另一個(gè)流行的解釋是美國大幅放寬貨幣政策。但這很難解釋這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：按照歐元計(jì)算，油價(jià)也在快速上漲。同時(shí)，投機(jī)也無法解釋那些沒有活躍期貨市場的大宗商品價(jià)格的上漲。

(參考詞匯：commodityprices;soar;speculation;ease;monetarypolicy;euro;futuresmarket)

【答案】

Whyarecommoditypricessoaringwhenworldeconomyisslowing?Thepopularexplanationseemstobe“speculation”.But,sincespeculationisalwayswithus,thiscannotexplainwhypricesaresoaringnow?AnotherpopularexplanationistheaggressiveeasingofUSmonetarypolicy.But,thishardlyexplainsthefactthatthepriceofoilisrisingrapidlyevenineuros.Nordoesspeculationexplaintheriseinthepricesofthesecommoditiesthatdonothaveactivefuturesmarkets.

9.單選題

Scientificevidencefromdifferent（）demonstratesthatinmosthumansthelefthemisphereofthebraincontrolslanguages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.principles

B.grounds

C.disciplines

D.rules

【答案】C

【解析】principles原則；grounds根據(jù),理由；disciplines紀(jì)律,學(xué)科；rules規(guī)則,條例。句意：來自不同學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)證據(jù)表明,大多數(shù)人的左腦控制著語言。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

10.翻譯題

(1)ThedevelopingcountriesofCentralandSouthAmerica,Africa,andAsiaoncemerelyexportedrawmaterialsandcashcropsinreturnformanufacturedgoods.Peopleinthesecountriesprovidedformostoftheirownneedsthroughsubsistenceagricultureandsmall-scalecrafts.Intime,though,peopleinthesecountriesgrewincreasinglydependentontheglobaleconomy,becauselocalcraftscouldnotcompetewiththecheap,factory-madeexportsofthedevelopedcountries,suchasEuropeannations,theUnitedStates,andJapan.Todecreasetheirdependence,manydevelopingcountriessoughttostrengthentheireconomiesbybuildingfactories,moderndams,androadsduringthe1960and1970s.Governmentfrequentlymadepoorfinancialchoices.However,infrastructureprojectssuchasdamsandhighwayswereoftentoomassiveforlocalneeds.Choicesaboutindustryweresometimesnotbasedonthebestinterestsofthecountry,andprotectionfromcompetitionfrequentlyresultedininferiorgoods.(2)Asresult,productscouldnotcompeteontheglobalmarketwiththehigher-qualitygoodsfromtheindustrializedcountries.Manydevelopingcountriesthenhadlittleincometopayoffdebtsincurred(招致)duringtheirexpansion.

Afewdevelopingeconomiessucceededinbuildingprosperitythroughindustrializationduringthe20thcentury.ThemostnotableofthesewereSouthKorea,Singapore,andHongKongS.A.R.LikeJapanduringthe19thcentury,theyestablishedtariffsandotherbarrierstoprotectlocalproductsfromforeigncompetitionandinvestedlocalwealthinindustrialdevelopment.(3)AlsolikeJapan,theyfocusedonsellingtheproductstheymanufacturedtoforeignconsumersinordertobringwealthintothecountry.Bytheendofthe20thcenturysomeexpertsconsideredtheseeconomiestobedeveloped,ratherthandeveloping,althoughmanyofSouthKorea’seconomicsuccesseswerereversedinthefinancialcrisisof1997.(4)Followingasimilarpath,Chinaadvancedeconomicallythrougharapidexpansionofmanufacturedexportsduringthelate20thcentury.

Meanwhile,multinationalsbasedintheeconomicallydevelopedworldsetuplow-wagemanufacturingfacilitiesinsomedevelopingcountries,particularlyinSoutheastAsiaandinCentralandSouthAmerica.Thesefactoriestypicallygeneratedfewlong-termbenefitsforthelocaleconomy.Theprofitsflowedoutsidethecountrytotheshareholdersoftheforeignmultinationals.Also,thedevelopingcountrieswereforcedtoparticipateina“racetothebottom”toattractmultinationalinvestment.(5)Ifadevelopingcountryoritspeoplesoughthigherwagesorenforcedlabororenvironmentalprotections,multinationalsoftensimplyrelocatedproductiontoacountrywithlowercost.

【答案】1.中南美洲、非洲和亞洲的發(fā)展中國家曾經(jīng)僅僅依靠出口原材料和經(jīng)濟(jì)作物換取制成品。

2.因此，產(chǎn)品無法在全球市場上與工業(yè)化國家的高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品競爭。

3.也像日本一樣，他們專注于向外國消費(fèi)者銷售他們制造的產(chǎn)品，來為國家?guī)碡?cái)富。

4.20世紀(jì)末，中國通過制造業(yè)出口的快速擴(kuò)張，實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展。

5.如果一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家或其人民要求更高的工資、實(shí)施勞動(dòng)保護(hù)或環(huán)境保護(hù)，跨國公司通常只需要將生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到成本更低的國家。

11.翻譯題

Itisacommonsayingthatwedonotfullyvalueathinguntilweloseit.Weoftenvaluetheloveandworthofafriendwhenhehasbeentakenfromusbydeath,morethanwhenhewaswithusintheflesh;itisonlywhenwehaveleftschoolorcollegethatweunderstandthegreatnessofouropportunityofeducation,whichhasgoneforever;anditisthesickandtheailingwhorealizethevalueofgoodhealth.Wearesousedtovigoroushealththatwetakeitforgranted.（1）

Theorgansofourbodyworksosmoothlythatwescarcelyknowwehavelungsandliver,heartandstomach.Butwhenanyofthesegetupsetandgiveuspainandsickness,welearnbybitterexperiencewhatanunspeakableblessingitistobewell,

（2）Itisthereforewiseandnecessarytolearnintime,beforewehavelostouthealth,thatitcanbekeptonlybyknowingandobservingthelawsofhealth.Nature'slawscannotbeignoredwithimpunity.Inthelongruntheywillavengethemselvesonusifweforgetthem,eveniftheydonotdosoatonce.Atfirstwemaynotfeeltheresultofexcessesandunhealthyhabits;butwecertainlyshallsomeday.（3）Manyamanwhoinmiddleagefindshimselfaconfirmedinvalidhastocursethefolliesofhisyouth:buthisremorseisvain,forNatureneverforgivesbreachesofthelawsofhealth.

（4）Lossofhealthmakesusmiserable,andaburdentoourselvesandourfriends.Itcripplesourefforts,sothatwecannotaccomplishmanyofthegoodandgreatthingswemighthavedone.Itspoilsourlife.Whatmustwedotokeepourhealth?

Wemustbemoderateineatinganddrinking,andwiseinthechoiceofplain,wholesomesimplefood.Gluttonyhaskilledthousands,andstrongdrinktensofthousands.（5）

Wemust,whenyoung,getplentyofsleep,whichis“nature'ssweetrestorer”(恢復(fù)劑),andnottrytobumthecandleatbothends.Wemustliveasmuchaspossibleintheopenairandkeepourroomswellventilated.Wemustgetsufficientandregularphysicalexercise;andkeepourbodiesclean.Andwemustavoidbadhabitsandsecretsinsasweavoidthedevil,andkeepourthoughtscleanandourbodiespure.Ouridealmustbethesecondmindinthesoundbody.

【答案】1.我們身體的各個(gè)器官運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得如此平穩(wěn)以至于我們幾乎察覺不到我們有肺、肝、心臟和胃。但當(dāng)其中任何一個(gè)不舒服并給我們帶來疼痛和疾病的時(shí)候，痛苦的經(jīng)歷讓我們體會(huì)到一切都好的時(shí)候是多么的幸福。

2.因此，在我們沒有失去健康之前，懂得只有通過了解和遵守健康法則才能保持健康是明智的并且是有必要的。

3.很多人在中年發(fā)現(xiàn)自己渾身是病，于是詛咒他年輕時(shí)的愚行，但悔恨是徒勞的，因?yàn)榇笞匀挥肋h(yuǎn)不會(huì)寬恕對健康法則的破壞。

4.失去健康我們很悲慘，會(huì)給自己和朋友增加負(fù)擔(dān)。它會(huì)削弱我們的努力，使我們無法完成一些我們本該完成的很多美好的和偉大的事情。

5.在年輕的時(shí)候，我們一定要得到充足的睡眠，這是“自然的甜蜜恢復(fù)劑”，而不要不顧身體過度勞累。

12.單選題

AmongthefirstplanstogrowthelandregionsofEarth______,whichinprehistorictimesgrewtoimmensesize.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.segregation

B.specification

C.spectrum

D.subscription

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：在最初的計(jì)劃中，地球規(guī)模中的陸地區(qū)域在史前時(shí)期規(guī)模增長到巨大。A選項(xiàng)segregation“分離；隔離”；B選項(xiàng)specification“規(guī)格；說明書”；C選項(xiàng)spectrum“光譜；頻譜；范圍”；D選項(xiàng)subscription“捐獻(xiàn)；訂閱；訂金；簽署”。根據(jù)immensesize可知B選項(xiàng)specification“規(guī)格”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14lhcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrelsandmercenaries,metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclansystem,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor“man”.ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.

InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery,itwasn’tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.

ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned.Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’slargestminority.Theexactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshaveregularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanxioustodownplaytheirprofileandbyGypsiesthemselves,seekingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtoremedypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.HundredsofthousandsmorehaveemigratedtotheAmericasandelsewhere.WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown-unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoft