考研考博-英語-安徽大學考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Whileotherssatathomestudyingpapersonthesubject,Jeffersongotintoaboatandmade（）observations.

問題1選項

A.of-the-spot

B.in-the-spot

C.on-the-spot

D.at-the-spot

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配題。on-the-pot指"立即,當場"。句意：當其他人坐在家里研究這一課題的論文時，Jefferson上了一艘船并進行了現(xiàn)場觀察。

2.單選題

Hecarriedapalebonewhichhekeptthrowingoutintotheduneforthebirddogto______.

問題1選項

A.cast

B.trace

C.chase

D.retrieve

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項cast“扔，擲，拋”；B選項trace“尋找到，追蹤”；C選項chase“追趕，追捕”；D選項retrieve“（從不屬于某物應該在的地方）找回，取回”。句意：他拿著一根白骨，不斷把它扔到沙丘里，讓獵鳥犬去______。骨頭被反復扔到沙丘里，就是為了讓狗去取回，因此D選項正確。

3.翻譯題

Intelligenceatbestisanassumptiveconstructthemeaningofthewordhasneverbeenclear.Thereismoreagreementonthekindsofbehaviorreferredtobythetermthanthereisonhowtointerpretorclassifythem.Butitisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbalandmathematicalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.Anintelligencetestisaroughmeasureofachild’scapacityforlearning,particularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredinschool.Itdoesnotmeasurecharacter,socialadjustment,physicalendurance,manualskills,orartisticabilities.Itisnotsupposedtoitwasnotdesignedforsuchpurposes.Tocriticizeitforsuchfailureisroughlycomparabletocriticizingathermometerfornotmeasuringwindvelocity.

【答案】智力充其量是一種假設的構造——這個詞的意思從來就沒有明確過。人們達成共識比較多的是智力指那些行為，但是談到如何解釋和歸類智力時，人們的分歧就比較大。但是，人們一般認為，高智商的人能夠很容易地掌握思想、區(qū)分、邏輯推理，并在解決問題時使用語言和數(shù)學符號。智力測試是對孩子學習能力的粗略測量，尤其是對學習學校要求的東西。它不衡量性格、社會適應、身體耐力、手工技能或藝術能力。它不應該——它不是為這樣的目的而設計的。批評它的這種失敗，大致相當于批評溫度計沒有測量風速一樣。

4.單選題

Withapopulationof320,000-justonetenththatoftheBeijingdistrictwhereitkeepsitsembassytoChina-IcelandhasrecentlybecomeanobjectofinordinateinteresttoChinesepolicymakers.Thetwonationssignedafree-tradeagreementonApril15th,China'sfirstwithanyEuropeannation.ButwiththeinherentlytinypotentialofIceland’smarket,andthelackofanyroundaboutlow-tariffaccesstootherEuropeanmarketsthroughthisdeal,tradealonecannotaccountforChina'sinfatuationwithIceland.

ThemorelikelyattractionforChinaisaccesstoimprovingshippingroutesthroughtheArcticasthatregionwarmsduetoclimatecharge.Lastmonth,oneofChina'stopexpertsonpolarpolicypredictedthat,by2020,asmuchas15%ofhiscountry’stradewouldmovethroughtheArctic'sNorthernSeaRoute.Evenifthatestimateisexaggerated,thereisnoreasontodoubtthatcontinuedshrinkingofArcticicecoverwillenhancethearea’simportance.

LikeSouthKoreaandJapan,ChinahopesnextmonthtobeapprovedforpermanentobserverstatusontheArcticCouncil,aneight-memberintergovernmentalbodythatseekstoco-ordinatepolicyforthearea.Butodd-lookingeffortbyaChinesedevelopertobuildan"eco-golfcourse"andluxuryresortona300squarekmtractinIceland’sdesolatenorth-eastcomeralsoarousedsuspicionsaboutChina'sstrategicintentionsintheregion.ThelogicbehindtheproposaltocreateahavenofsolitudeandcleanairforwealthyChinesevisitorsfailedtoconvinceIcelandicofficials,whodidnotagreetowaiverestrictionsagainstforeignownershipofland.

Thenewtradeagreement,signedduringafive-dayvisittoChinabyIceland’sprimeminister,JohannaSigurdardottir,willresultinthewaiverincomingyearsofmosttariffs,inthetwocountries'bilateraltrade,whichlastyearroseto$424m,byIceland’sreckoning.

ButforChina,theabilitytoimportmoreIcelandicfishwithlowertariffdutieswouldseemtopaleincomparisontotheimportanceofenhancingitsinfluenceintheregion.

AccordingtoAnne-MarieBrady,anexpertatNewZealand’sUniversityofCanterbury,currentarrangementsleaveChinashutoutofmultilateraldecision-makingaboutthechangingArcticenvironment.Thedesiretohaveagreatersay,andassertitslegitimateinterestsintheregion,sherecentlywrote,isbehindacuriousnewbitofofficialphraseology.China’sownexpertshavetakentocallingita"nearArcticstate."

1.WhatisthepopulationofBeijingaccordingtothetext?

2.WhyisitimportantforChinatoimproveshippingroutesthroughtheArctic?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapermanentobserverstateoftheArcticCouncil?

4.Accordingtothetext,thephrase"nearArcticstate”indicatesthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext？

問題1選項

A.32,000

B.3,200,000

C.32,000,000

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題2選項

A.BecausetheArcticicecoveriscontinuingshrinking.

B.Becauseasmuchas15%ofthetradesinChinawouldmovethroughtheArctic’sNorthernSeaRouteby2020.

C.BecauseChinesedeveloperstendtobuild"eco-golfcourses'andluxuryresortsinIceland.

D.BecauseIcelandicofficialsdonotagreetowaiverestrictionsagainstforeignownershipofland.

問題3選項

A.Netherlands.

B.SouthKorea.

C.UnitedKingdom.

D.Spain.

問題4選項

A.ChinaisacountrylocatednearArcticstate.

B.ChinaisnowinfatuatedwithIceland.

C.ChinaiswillingtoenhancingitsinfluenceintheArcticregion.

D.Chinaistakingpartinthedecision-makingaboutthechangingArcticenvironment.

問題5選項

A.ChinaprefersimportingmoreIcelandicfishwithlowertariffdutiesratherthanenhancingitsinfluenceintheregion.

B.Icelandisthefirstcountrytosignafree-tradeagreementwithChina.

C.TheArcticCouncilisanintergovernmentalbodywitheightmembersthatseekstoco-ordinatepolicyforthearea.

D.Thenewtradeagreementwillresultinthewaiverincomingyearsoftariffsinthetwocountries’bilateraltrade.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.事實細節(jié)題。第一段指出“justonetenththatoftheBeijingdistrictwhereitkeepsitsembassytoChina”，僅相當于其駐華使館所在地區(qū)人口的十分之一，冰島駐華使館所在區(qū)為北京市朝陽區(qū)，可推斷駐華使館所在區(qū)常住人口為三百多萬，但是文章并未說明所在區(qū)占北京總人口的比例，所以無從推斷北京市人口數(shù)量。因此選D項。

第2題:2.事實細節(jié)題。第二段給出了原因“ThemorelikelyattractionforChinaisaccesstoimprovingshippingroutesthroughtheArcticasthatregionwarmsduetoclimatecharge”，而更可能的是，該地區(qū)隨著氣候變化逐漸變暖，中國有機會通過北極地區(qū)改善其海上航線。后面還指出“...thereisnoreasontodoubtthatcontinuedshrinkingofArcticicecoverwillenhancethearea'simportance”，不容置疑，北極冰層的持續(xù)減少將增強該地區(qū)的重要性。由此可知A項“因為北極冰蓋正在連續(xù)退縮”正確。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。由題干關鍵詞permanentobserver定位到第三段“LikeSouthKoreaandJapan,ChinahopesnextmonthtobeapprovedforpermanentobserverstatusontheArcticCouncil”，同韓國、日本一樣，中國希望在下月被批準獲得北極理事會永久觀察員身份。由此可知韓國與中國都不是其成員，故選B項。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。對于nearArcticstate的理解可參考最后一段“...currentarrangementsleaveChinashutoutofmultilateraldecision-makingaboutthechangingArcticenvironment.Thedesiretohaveagreatersay,andassertitslegitimateinterestsintheregion,sherecentlywrote,isbehindacuriousnewbitofofficialphraseology”，在當前關于北極環(huán)境變化的多邊政策決策協(xié)商中，中國被拒之門外。但一些新奇的官方措辭暗示中國希望對北極事務掌握更大的話語權，并維護他們在這一地區(qū)的正當權益。故選C項“中國希望提高其對北極地區(qū)的影響力”。

第5題:5.事實細節(jié)題。A:中國更愿意進口更多的冰島魚類，降低關稅，而不是增強其在該地區(qū)的影響力。第五段指出“ButforChina,theabilitytoimportmoreIcelandicfishwithlowertariffdutieswouldseemtopaleincomparisontotheimportanceofenhancingitsinfluenceintheregion”，但是對于中國來說，相較于增強在該地區(qū)的影響力，能以更低關稅進口冰島魚則顯得微不足道。因此A項不正確。B:冰島成為第一個與中國簽署該類協(xié)定的國家。第一段指出“...China'sfirstwithanyEuropeannation”，冰島成為第一個與中國簽署該類協(xié)定的歐洲國家。因此B項不符合原文所述。C：北極理事會是一個擁有八名成員，旨在協(xié)調(diào)區(qū)域政策的政府間機構。最后一段指出“...currentarrangements...multilateraldecision-makingaboutthechangingArcticenvironment”，當前關于北極環(huán)境變化的多邊政策決策協(xié)商……，由此可知北極理事會的宗旨是保護北極地區(qū)的環(huán)境，促進地區(qū)在經(jīng)濟、社會和福利方面的持續(xù)發(fā)展，因此C項不正確。D：新貿(mào)易協(xié)定將免除兩國雙邊貿(mào)易大部分關稅。第四段指出“Thenewtradeagreement...willresultinthewaiverincomingyearsofmosttariffs,inthetwocountries'bilateraltrade”，這份貿(mào)易協(xié)定，將免除兩國雙邊貿(mào)易大部分關稅。因此D項正確。

5.單選題

Sometaxonomists,particularlythoseworkinginherbariaandprovidinganidentificationservice,doneedsuch_______.

問題1選項

A.approach

B.confidence

C.faith

D.expertise

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項approach“方法，方式；接近；接洽”；B選項confidence“信心；信任；秘密”；C選項faith“信仰；信念；信任；忠實”；D選項expertise“專門知識；專門技術；專家的意見”。句意：一些分類學家，特別是那些在標本室工作并提供鑒定服務的分類學家，確實需要這樣的專業(yè)知識。因此D選項正確。

6.案例題

Mostofustellonetwoliesaday,accordingtoscientistswhostudythesethings.Andwerarelygetcaught,becausethelieswetellareusuallylittleones:"Igotstuckintraffic.""Thatcolorlooksgoodonyou.""Iwasjustabouttocall."

Buteventhesmallestfibmaysoonbesystematicallyexposed,atleastinthevirtualWorld.Researchersatseveraluniversitiesaredevelopingsoftwarethatcandetectliesinonlinecommunicationssuchasinstantmessagese-mailsandchatrooms.Theabilitytospot"digitaldeception",asresearcherscallit,hasneverbeenmorecrucial.Today,muchofourbusinessandsociallifeisconductedonline,makingusincreasinglyvulnerable.Whitecollarcriminals,sexualpredators,scammers,identitythievesandeventerroristssurfthesameWebastherestofus.

Conventionalliedetectorslookforphysiologicalsignsofanxiety—abeadofsweatoraracingpulse—butonlinesystemsexamineonlytheliar'swords."Whenwe'relookingatlanguage,we'relookingatthetoolofthelie,"saysJeffHancock,anassistantprofessorofcommunicationandamemberofthefacultyofcomputingandinformationscienceatCornellUniversity.

Hancock,whorecentlyreceiveda$680,000grantfromtheNationalScienceFoundationtostudydigitaldeception,saysthereisagrowingbodyofevidencethatthelanguageofdishonestmessagesisdifferentthanthatofhonestones.Forexample,onestudyledbyHancockandduetobepublishedthisspringinDiscourseProcessesfoundthatdeceptivee-mailmessagescontained28percentmorewordsonaverageandusedahigherpercentageofwordsassociatedwithnegativeemotionsthandidtruthfulmessages.Liarsalsotendtousefewerfirst-personreferences(suchasthepronoun"I")andmorethird-personreferences(suchas"he"and"they").Thismaybetheliar'ssubconsciouswayofdistancinghimselffromhislie.

Moresurprising,Hancockandhiscolleagueshaveobservedthatthetargetsofliarsalsoexhibitdistinctivelanguagepatterns.Forinstance,peoplewhoarebeingdeceivedoftenuseshortersentencesandaskmorequestions.Eventhoughtheymaynotbeawarethattheyarebeingliedto,peopleseemtoexhibitsubconscioussuspicions.

Toidentifythepatternsofdeceit,Hancockhasdevelopedaninstant-messagingsystematCornellthatasksuserstoratethedeceptivenessofeachmessagetheysend.Thesystemhasalreadycollected10,000messages,ofwhichabout6percentqualifyaspatentlydeceptive.Eventuallytheresultswillbeincorporatedintosoftwarethatanalyzesincomingmessages.

Fornow,theCornellresearchersareworkingonlywiththekindsofliestoldbystudentsandfaculty.Itremainstobeseenwhethersuchasystemcanbescaleduptohandle"big"lies,suchasmessagessentbyconartistsandterrorists.

Fortunately,theresearchsofarsuggeststhatpeoplelielessoftenine-mailthanface-to-faceoronthephone.Perhapsthisisbecausepeoplearereluctanttoputtheirliesinwriting.Hancockspeculates."Ane-mailgeneratesmultiplecopies,"hesays."Itwilllastlongerthansomethingcarvedinrock."Sochooseyourwordscarefully.Theinternetmaysoonberidnotonlydeceitbutalsooflameexcuses.

1.Thedigitalpolygraphconductstestingbasedon（）.

2.Listoneofthedifferencesbetweenfalsepretencesandunfeignedmessages,accordingtoHancock'sstudy.

3.Thelanguagepatternsofthoseharboringsuspiciousperspectiveswouldbecharacteristicsof.

4.WhydoesHancockneedtheratingresultsofthemessagedeceptiveness?

5.Whydopeoplelielessine-mailmessagesthanconfrontingwitheachotheraccordingtoHancock's

speculation?

【答案】1.theliar'swords.

2.AccordingtoHancock'sstudy,deceptivee-mailmessagescontained28percentmorewordsonaverageandusedahigherpercentageofwordsassociatedwithnegativeemotionsthandidtruthfulmessages.

3.thetargetsofliars.

4.Toidentifythepatternsofdeceit.

5.Perhapsthisisbecausepeoplearereluctanttoputtheirliesinwriting.

【解析】1.根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Conventionalliedetectorslookforphysiologicalsignsofanxiety—abeadofsweatoraracingpulse—butonlinesystemsexamineonlytheliar'swords.”傳統(tǒng)的測謊儀尋找焦慮的生理信號,而電子測謊儀只檢測說謊者的話語。所以這里應填入“theliar'swords.”

2.根據(jù)第四段的第二句“Processesfoundthatdeceptivee-mailmessagescontained28percentmorewordsonaverageandusedahigherpercentageofwordsassociatedwithnegativeemotionsthandidtruthfulmessages.”研究發(fā)現(xiàn),欺騙性的電子郵件比真實的郵件平均多包含28%的詞匯,使用的與負面情緒有關的詞匯比例也更高。

3.根據(jù)第五段的第一句“Moresurprising,Hancockandhiscolleagueshaveobservedthatthetargetsofliarsalsoexhibitdistinctivelanguagepatterns.”更令人驚訝的是,Hancock和他的同事們發(fā)現(xiàn),說謊者的目標也表現(xiàn)出獨特的語言模式。結合第五段的內(nèi)容可知這里應填入“thetargetsofliars.”

.4根據(jù)第六段的第一句“Toidentifythepatternsofdeceit,Hancockhasdevelopedaninstant-messagingsystematCornellthatasksuserstoratethedeceptivenessofeachmessagetheysend.”Hancock需要欺騙性信息的評級結果是為了識別欺騙的模式。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的一二句“theresearchsofarsuggeststhatpeoplelielessoftenine-mailthanface-to-faceoronthephone.Perhapsthisisbecausepeoplearereluctanttoputtheirliesinwriting.”迄今為止的研究表明,人們通過電子郵件說謊的頻率低于面對面或電話。漢考克推測,也許這是因為人們不愿意把謊言寫下來。

7.填空題

Onourcyclingtourwemanagedtocoveranaverage（1）ofabout25kilometers（2）day.

【答案】1.distance;

2.a/per

【解析】1.語義題。由后面的about25kilometers推測此處填distance。

2.語法分析。第二空填冠詞a或介詞per合適。

8.單選題

Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyou（

）youneed.

問題1選項

A.alltheinformation

B.alltheinformations

C.allofinformation

D.alloftheinformations

【答案】A

【解析】語法（不可數(shù)名詞和冠詞）題。information為不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復數(shù)形式，排除B選項和D選項。allof后面接的名詞前一定要有定冠詞、指示代詞或物主代詞修飾限定，且of可以省略，排除C選項，所以A選項正確。

9.單選題

Withsomuchfocusonchildren'suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,"anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine."

Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.

Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback:Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention."Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,"saysRadesky.

Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreensarebomoutofan"oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting"withtheirchildren:"It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem."Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere’snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

1.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"toshowthat（

）.

2.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto

（

）.

3.AccordingtoTronick,kid'suseofscreensmay（

）.

問題1選項

A.itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

B.verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange

C.childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents'mood

D.parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds

問題2選項

A.protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

B.teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

C.ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

D.remainconcernedaboutkid'suseofscreens

問題3選項

A.givetheirparentssomefreetime

B.maketheirparentsmorecreative

C.helpthemwiththeirhomework

D.helpthembecomemoreattentive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘Radesky引用“靜態(tài)面部實驗”來證明什么？’根據(jù)文章第三段第一句‘Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.嬰兒很容易通過看父母的臉來試圖理解他們的世界，如果這些臉是空白的、沒有反應的——就像他們沉浸在一個設備里時經(jīng)常做的那樣——這對孩子來說是非常令人不安的?！妥詈笠痪洹癙arentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed.父母不必時時刻刻都在身邊，但需要有一個平衡，父母需要對孩子的情感需求的語言或非語言表達做出反應和敏感?！贝_定實驗是為了證明D選項“父母需要回應孩子的情感需求”。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘特羅尼克提到的壓迫性意識形態(tài)要求父母干什么？’根據(jù)文章最后一段中“an‘oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting’withtheirchildren.“壓迫性的意識形態(tài)”要求父母應該始終與孩子互動?！贝_定C選項“確保與孩子不斷的互動”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘據(jù)特洛尼克說，孩子們使用屏幕可能會怎樣？’根據(jù)最后一段中“Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere’snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.特羅尼克認為，孩子沒有從屏幕上學習并不意味它沒有價值，特別是如果父母有時間洗澡、做家務或者僅僅是因不用照顧小孩而可以休息一下。Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.他說，父母可以通過使用他們的設備和朋友交談或做些工作以獲得很多好處。這會讓他們感到更快樂，這會讓他們在其他的時間里更容易接觸到自己的孩子?！笨芍?，孩子使用屏幕可以讓父母有更多時間去做別的事情，所以A選項“給父母更多自由時間”正確。

10.單選題

Theskierswouldrather（

）throughthemountainsthangobybus.

問題1選項

A.totravelbytrain

B.traveledbytrain

C.travelbytrain

D.travelingbytrain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這些滑雪者寧可坐火車穿越群山而不愿意坐公交。

考查固定搭配。wouldratherdosth.寧愿、寧可、最好…。

11.翻譯題

大米的營養(yǎng)價值同土豆的差不多，但在常溫下保存的更久。

上大學并不一定是每個人的恰當?shù)倪x擇，更不是唯一的選擇。

僅碳氫兩種元素就能構成成千上萬種化合物，其原因是碳氫的分子可以以不同的方式進行連接。

所有這些都促使學生獨立認真地學習，促使他們學會如何發(fā)現(xiàn)利用大學的資源。

經(jīng)濟水平比較低的情況下，它反而會給現(xiàn)代政府在提供食物，就業(yè)機會等方面增加巨大的負擔。

【答案】Thenutritionalvalueofricealmostequalsthatofthepotato.However,itcanbestoredatroomtemperatureforlonger.

Goingtocollegeisnottherightchoiceforeveryone,northeonlyoptionatall.

Onlytwoelementsofhydrocarboncanformthousandscompounds.Thereasonisthattheirmoleculescanbeconnectedindifferentways.

Allofthesearetourgestudentstostudyindependentlyandindustriouslylearnhowtousetheuniversityresources.

Underthecircumstanceofloweconomiclevel,itwouldincreasethepressureoffoodprovisionandemploymentopportunities.

12.單選題

Chosewiselywhenconsideringapartner,whethertoattendchurchandhowyoulookafteryourbody.Thesedecisionscouldhaveasignificanteffectonyouroveralllifesatisfaction.That’saccordingtoastudythatchallengesthetheorythatlifehappinessislargelypredeterminedbyyourgenes.

Thiswidelyaccepted“set-point”theoryofhappinesssaysthatanindividual’slong-termhappinesstendstobestablebecauseitdependsmainlyongeneticfactors.Theideaisbasedinpartonstudiesthat

showidenticaltwinshavemoresimilarleveloflifesatisfactionthannon-identicaltwins,andsuggeststhatalthoughyourlevelofhappinessmayoccasionallybethrownoffbymajorlifeevents,itwillalwaysreturntoasetlevelwithintwoyears.

Tofindoutwhetherpeoplereallyaredestinedforacertainlevelofhappiness,BruceHeadeyattheUniversityofMelbourneinAustraliaandhisteamquestionedpeopleinGermanyabouttheirjobs,lifestylesandsocialandreligiousactivities.Theyfoundthatcertainchangesinlifestyleledtosignificantlong-termchangesinreportedlifesatisfaction,ratherthancausingthetemporarydeflectionsinhappinessthatset-pointtheorywouldsuggest.

Oneofthebiggestinfluencesonaperson’shappinesswastheirpartner’slevelofneuroticism.Thosewithpartnerswhoscoredhighlyontestsforneuroticismweremorelikelytounhappy一andtostayunhappyforaslongastherelationshiplasted.

Altruismandfamilyvaluesalsoinfluencedlong-termhappiness.Peoplewhoseannualsurveyresponseschangedtoplaceahigherpriorityonaltruisticbehaviorsandfamilygoalswererewardedwithalong-termincreaseinlifesatisfaction.Thosewhoprioritizedcareerandmaterialsuccess,however,experiencedacorrespondinglastingdecline.

Havingstrongreligiouscommitmentsalsoseemedtohelpinthepursuitofhappiness.“Peoplewhoattendchurchregularlyseemtobehappierthanpeoplearenotreligious,”saysHeadey.

Aperson’sweightturnedouttobeanotherfactorforlong-termhappiness,especiallyforwomen.Underweightmenscoredslightlylowerthanthosewithhealthyweights,whilewomenreportedbeingsignificantlylesshappywhentheywereobese.Beingoverweightappearedtohavenoeffectonmen’shappiness.

RobertCumminsatDeakinUniversityinBurood,Australia,notesthatchangesinhappinessreportedbyHeadey’steamcouldbeinfluencedbyindividualsfallingintoorrecoveringfromdepression.

Thegroupsuggestsitsfindingsmaybeappliedtootherpopulations,havingfoundsimilarpatterns,asyetunpublished,intheUKandAustralia.

1.Whatopiniondoesthe“set-point”theoryabouthappinesshold,accordingtothepassage?

2.WhatdidthestudiesledbyBruceHeadeyfind?

3.Whatactionisgoodforpeoplegettinglong-termlifehappinessaccordingtoHeadey9sstudy?

4.WhatdoesRobertCumminswanttoexpress?

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

問題1選項

A.Whatpeoplechooseinlifehasnoeffectontheirhappiness.

B.Thefewerchangesonehasinhislifestyle,themoresatisfiedhefeels.

C.People’shappinessismostlypredeterminedbygeneticfactors.

D.Identicaltwins’lifesatisfactiontendstostayinsimilarlevels.

問題2選項

A.People’slong-termlifesatisfactionseemstokeepstablealways.

B.Somechangesinlifestylehaveimpactsonlong-termhappiness.

C.Changesinlifestylecauseoccasionaldeflectionsofone’shappinesslevel.

D.PeopleinGermanyarehappierthanintheUKandAustralia.

問題3選項

A.Puttingcareerandmaterialwealthinthefirstplace.

B.Goingtochurchwithfamilymembersonceinawhile.

C.Livingwithapartnerwithhighly-scoredneuroticism.

D.Prioritisingaltruismandfamilyvaluesintheirlife.

問題4選項

A.ThereisnoscientificevidencetosupportthefindingofHeadey’steam.

B.Thereisstillanotherfactoraffectingthechangesinlifehappiness.

C.WhatHeadey’steamfoundisnotsuitableforotherpopulationsbutGermans.

D.ThefindingsofHeadey’steamareoflittleuseforpeople’sdailylife.

問題5選項

A.Geneticfactorstendtokeepone’slifesatisfactionstable.

B.Peoplearedestinedtosomeleveloflifesatisfaction.

C.Dailychoicescanaffectlong-termlifesatisfaction.

D.Beingoverweightinfluencesone’slifehappinesslittle.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第二段第一句話提到“set-point”，隨后說“個人的長期幸福是趨于穩(wěn)定的因為它主要取決于基因因素”。選項C符合題意。

2.文章第三段主要提及了墨爾本大學的BruceHeadey為了找出是否人們的幸福是既定的而做了專門研究，他們指出生活方式的某些改變會影響幸福感（Theyfoundthatcertainchangesinlifestyleledtosignificantlong-termchangesinreportedlifesatisfaction）。選項B符合題意。

3.文章第五段第一句話提到利他主義和家庭價值觀對長期幸福感有影響（Altruismandfamilyvaluesalsoinfluencedlong-termhappiness）。選項D的描述與此觀點一致，所以符合題意。

4.文章倒數(shù)第二段提到RobertCummins認為Headey團隊關于影響幸福的因素的研究還受陷入或者擺脫抑郁的影響。說明在RobertCummins看來幸福除了受利他主義、家庭價值觀、宗教這些因素影響外還有其他因素。選項B符合題意。

5.這道題主要考查文章主旨大意。整篇文章都是在講影響長期幸福的因素，第一段主要提及到伴侶的選擇對幸福的影響，接下來的段落提及到了伴侶情緒的多樣性、利他主義、家庭價值觀、宗教這些因素對長期幸福的影響，作者認為生活方式的改變對幸福的影響很大。選項C“日常的選擇會影響長期生活的滿足感”與作者觀點一致，符合題意。

13.單選題

Ican'tspeakJapanese,butIdowishI（）.

問題1選項

A.can

B.had

C.spoke

D.could

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我不會說日語，但是我確實希望我可以。

語法題。考查虛擬語氣。在與現(xiàn)在事實相反的句子中，應用should,would,might或could。

14.單選題

Thecompanyhascapitalized（）theerrorofjudgmentmadebyitsbusinesscompetitor

問題1選項

A.in

B.over

C.with

D.on

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這個公司利用商業(yè)競爭者做的錯誤判斷而獲利。

考查固定搭配。capitalizeon充分利用某事物，從某事物中獲利。

15.單選題

Thingshavereallychanged.Notonlyisthemilitarystandingtallagain,itisstagingaremarkablecomebackinthequantityandqualityoftherecruitsitisattracting.Recruiters,oncedenouncedbyantiwarstudentsas“babykillers”andbarredfromcampuses,arewelcomedeverateliteuniversities.ROTC(ReserveOfficer’sTrainingCorps)programsthatfalteredduringtheVietNamera,whenprotesterswerefirebombingtheirheadquarters,areflourishingagain.Themilitaryacademiesareenjoyingasteadyincreaseinapplications.

Certainly,thedepressedeconomyhasincreasedtheallureofthejobs,technicaltrainingandgenerousstudentloansofferedbythemilitary.Studentsknowthatiftheygoinandbecome,say,nuclearweaponsspecialists,theycancomeoutanddemandasalaryof$60,000ayear.Militarysalaries,whilenotalwayscompetitivewiththosepaidforcomparablejobsintheprivatesector,aremorethanrespectable,especiallyconsideringthewidearrayofbenefitsthatareavailable,freemedicalservice,roomandboard,andPX(PostExchange)privileges.Monthlypayforarecruitis$574;forasergeantwithfouryearsservicesitis$906;foramajorwithtenyears’serviceitis$2,305.Theservicesslick$175million-a-yearadvertisingcampaignpromisingadventureandfulfillmenthashelpedwinovertheTVgeneration.Kidsarewalkingdowntheschoolhallwayschanting‘Army,Navy,AirForce,Marines,’justlikeinthecommercials.Andmanymilitaryofficialsfeelthatthekeydifferenceistheenhancedpatriotismamongthenation’syouth.Thereisareturntotheviewthatthemilitaryisanhonorableprofession.ThedaysofajudgetellingamiscreanttojointheArmyorgotojailareover.Recruitingforallfourservicescombinedis