考研考博-英語-哈爾濱華德學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱華德學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

______thebadweatherhasdelayedtheflight,soitwouldbeseveralhoursbeforetheycouldarrive.

問題1選項

A.Presumably

B.Respectively

C.Imaginably

D.Plausibly

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Presumably大概B.Respectively分別地，各自地

C.Imaginably可想象地D.Plausibly似真地

【考查點】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】由結(jié)果狀語從句中的wouldbe可知，這里表示推測，所以空格處填入presumably符合語境。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項都不表示推測，不符合句意。

【句意】大概是惡劣的天氣延誤了航班，所以他們要等好幾個小時才能到達。

2.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandtranslateitintoChinese.

1.Uponlearningofthisculturalpreference,Hallmarkreactedquickly.EventhoughChineseandJapanesedescendantsofRomeoandJulietarenowabletobuygreetingcardsintheirnativelanguage,HallmarkhasmadesurethesupplyofgreetingcardsinEnglishisplentiful.Thus,theircustomerscanachievebothadisplayoftheirhipcosmopolitanflair,whilealsosendingtheirsweetiethatall-importantmessageofloveatthesametime.

2.Englishasalinguafrancaisnothingmorethanausefultool:itisa“l(fā)anguageforcommunication”,amediumthatisgivensubstancewiththedifferentnational,regional,localandindividualculturalidentitiesitsspeakersbringtoit.Englishitselfdoesnotcarrysuchidentities,anditisnota“l(fā)anguageforidentification”.AndbecauseofthevarietyoffunctionalusesofglobalEnglish,Englishhasalsoagreatpotentialforpromotinginternationalunderstanding.Itsdifferentspeakersmustalwaysworkoutacommonbehaviouralandinterculturalbasis.

【答案】1.在了解到這一文化偏好之后，霍爾馬克公司快速做出了反應(yīng)。盡管“羅密歐與朱麗葉”的中國和日本后裔現(xiàn)在都能買到母語賀卡，但霍爾馬克公司同時確保了英語賀卡的供應(yīng)充足。這樣，他們的顧客既可以展示他們時尚的世界性眼光，同時也可以向他們的愛人傳達最重要的愛的信息。

2.作為一種通用語，英語只不過是一種有用的工具:它是一種“交流的語言”，是一種由其使用者賦予了不同民族、地區(qū)、地方和個人文化特色的物質(zhì)媒體。英語本身并沒有這種身份，它也不是一種“身份識別語言”。而且，由于全球英語功能用法的多樣性，英語在促進國際理解方面也具有巨大潛力。不同的使用者必須始終制定出一個共同的行為和跨文化基礎(chǔ)。

3.單選題

Formultinationalcorporations,taxplanninghasbecomeextremelycomplexaffairs.Ithasbeenstatedthatnomultinationalcorporationpossessestheultimatetaxexpertise.Therefore，inadditiontohavingtheirownexperts,MNCsrelyonheavilyonlocaltaxexpertsandlegalcounsel.

Taxeshaveaveryimportantimpactonforeigndirectinvestmentdecisions.Taxeswilldeterminethefinancialstructureofsubsidiary，andtheywillinfluencepricingdecisions.Theymayalsoleadtotheformationofholdingcompanies.AnMNCmaydecidetoestablishabranchratherthanasubsidiarybecauseofagiventaxsituation.Theabsenceofataxtreatybetweenthecountryofawould-beinvestorandthenationwhereaforeigninvestmentistotakeplacemightleadtocancellationofinvestmentplans.Anunfavorabledepreciationallowancemaykeeptheforeigninvestorout.ThisunitwilldealwiththedifferenttaxsystemsintheworldandtheirimpactonanMNC’sglobalstrategy.

Basically,anytaxsystemcanbedividedintodirectandindirecttaxes.Corporateandindividualincometaxesaredirect，value-addedtaxes，salestaxes，andimportdutiesareindirecttaxes.Corporateincometaxes(taxesleviedonearning)varyamongtheindustrializednations.France,theUnitedStates,Holland,Canada,andGermanyhaveratesofaround50percent;Italy，theUnitedKingdomandJapanhaveratesofbetween36and40percent.

Lessdevelopedcountriesusuallyhavelowercorporatetaxratesinordertoattractforeigninvestment.Thus,Brazilhasarateof30percent,andIndonesiahasa40percenttaxrate.Acorporatetaxisleviedontaxableearnings.Taxableearningsaremoresignificantthanthetaxrateitself.Theydeterminewhatcanbedeductedbeforethetaxiscomputed;inotherwords,theseitemsaretaxdeductible.Countriesdiffergreatlyindeterminingtaxableearnings.Someallowaccelerateddepreciation,wherebytheasset(usuallytheplantorequipment)iswrittenoffatasubstantiallyhigherrateduringthefirstyearsthaninthelateryears.Thisallowsforsmallertaxableearningsintheearlyyears.Othercountriesallowtax-freeinvestmentreserves.Theseareusedatalaterstageforinvestmentinundevelopedareasofcountriesoraresentwhencountriesareinarecession.

ArecenttypeoftaxthathaswonrecognitionintheEuropeanCommonMarketisvalue-addedtax(VAT).Thisisanationalsalestaxleviedateachstageofproductionoratthesaleofconsumergoods.Thetaxisassessedinproportiontothevalueaddedduringthatstage.Generally,manufacturinggoods,suchasplantandequipment,havebeenexemptedfromthistax.Inmostcases,fooditemsalsohavebeenexempted.

HereisanexampleofhowVATworks.Atreeownerwhosellspartofatreetoalumbermillfor$1mustsetasidetencentsVATtopaytothegovernment.Thelumbermillprocessesthetreeintobuildingmaterialandsellsthewoodfor$3toalumberwholesaler.Themilladds$2invalue，andthussetsaside10percentoftheaddedvalue,ortwentycents,topaytothegovernment.AndsotheVATcontinuesuntilthefinalsale.

TheVATsystemoffersadvantages,suchasrebatesonexports.Profitableandunprofitablefirmsaretaxedalike,asthereisnopossibilityoftaxdeductionstodeterminetaxableincome.Abadlyruncompanyis,therefore,forcedtoimproveorgooutofbusiness.Further,VATiseasytocalculateandcollect.ButVATisoftenaccusedofhavingcontributedtoseriousinflationincountrieswhereitwasintroduced,notablyinWesternEurope.

1.Taxsystemscanbedividedinto________.

2.Onearrivesattaxableearningswhen________.

3.Thereasonnomultinationalcorporationpossessestheultimatetaxexpertiseisthat___________.

4.WhichofthefollowingisnotanadvantageofaVATsystem?

5.Whydidthelessdevelopedcountriesusuallyhavelowercorporatetaxrates?

問題1選項

A.incometaxesanddirecttaxes

B.indirecttaxesanddirecttaxes

C.value-addedtaxesandsalestaxes

D.importdutiesandsalestaxes

問題2選項

A.alltax-deductibleitemshavebeensubtracted

B.accelerateddepreciationisallowedfor

C.tax-freeinvestmentreservesareallowedfor

D.assetsarewrittenoff

問題3選項

A.anMNCisnotallowedtolearnultimatetaxexpertise

B.taxeshaveaveryimportantimpactonforeigndirectinvestmentdecision

C.therearetoomanycountriesandregionsinvolvedandtheirtaxsystemsarecomplicated

D.anunfavorabledepreciationallowancemaykeeptheforeigninvestorout

問題4選項

A.Rebatesonexports.

B.Profitableorunprofitablefirmsaretaxedalike.

C.Easytocalculateandcollect.

D.Contributionstoseriousinflation.

問題5選項

A.Theywanttoinvestmoremoneyonotherprojects.

B.Thelessdevelopedcountrieswanttoattractmoreforeigninvestment.

C.Extramoneyshouldbespentonforeigninvestment.

D.Corporatetaxratesarelessimportanttothedevelopmentofthelessdevelopedcountries.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句，“Basically,anytaxsystemcanbedividedintodirectandindirecttaxes.”，可知任何稅收系統(tǒng)都可分為直接和間接兩種。選項B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)第四段，“Taxableearningsaremoresignificantthanthetaxrateitself.Theydeterminewhatcanbedeductedbeforethetaxiscomputed;inotherwords,theseitemsaretaxdeductible.”，可知應(yīng)納稅收入比稅率重要，計算出稅收前，它們決定應(yīng)該扣除哪些，換句話說，這些項目是可以減免稅收的?？赏茢喑隹鄢怂锌煽鄢椖亢螅Ｏ碌木褪菓?yīng)納稅的收入。選項A符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章開頭，“Formultinationalcorporations,taxplanninghasbecomeextremelycomplexaffairs.Ithasbeenstatedthatnomultinationalcorporationpossessestheultimatetaxexpertise.”，可知對于跨國公司來說，因為稅收計劃是非常復(fù)雜的事情，所以沒有哪個跨國公司擁有終極的稅收技術(shù)。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Corporateincometaxes(taxesleviedonearning)varyamongtheindustrializednations.”，可知企業(yè)所得稅在工業(yè)化國家各不相同，下文也提到了不同國家有不同的稅率?？赏茢喑鲆驗楦鲊亩惵什煌?，所以稅收體系相當(dāng)復(fù)雜。選項C符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句，“ButVATisoftenaccusedofhavingcontributedtoseriousinflationincountrieswhereitwasintroduced,notablyinWesternEurope.”，可知在引入增值稅的國家，增值稅經(jīng)常被指控為可導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的通貨膨脹，特別是在歐洲國家。導(dǎo)致通貨膨脹是增值稅的缺點，選項D符合題意。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句，“Lessdevelopedcountriesusuallyhavelowercorporatetaxratesinordertoattractforeigninvestment.”，可知為了吸引外資，欠發(fā)達國家通常規(guī)定較低的稅率。選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

Manypeopleareaskingwhethertraditionalresearchuniversitiesinfacthaveanyfuture（）.

問題1選項

A.atall

B.sofar

C.inall

D.onend

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。atall“根本，究竟”；sofar“到目前為止”；inall“總共，合計”；onend“豎著，連續(xù)著”。句意：許多人在詢問，傳統(tǒng)的研究型大學(xué)實際上到底還有沒有前途。A項符合題意。

5.單選題

Forfearthatanewshoppingcenterwouldruinthepeaceofthecommunity,manyresidents（）theconstructionplan.

問題1選項

A.approved

B.countered

C.defended

D.opposed

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞辨析。approved批準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可;counter"反擊,反駁",強調(diào)的是別人先做某個動作或者提出某種觀點,自己再來反擊或者駁斥;defended辯護;oppose"反對,反抗,對抗",可表不同程度的抵抗,用法和object接近,但oppose為及物動詞,不需要介詞。句意：由于擔(dān)心新的購物中心會破壞社區(qū)的和平,許多居民反對這項建設(shè)計劃。選項D正確。

6.單選題

Howlargeaproportionofthesalesofstoresinornearresortareascanbe_______totouristspending?

問題1選項

A.attributed

B.applied

C.contributed

D.attached

【答案】A

【解析】attributed把...歸于,歸屬;applied應(yīng)用,實施;contributed貢獻,有助于...;attached附加,伴隨。句意：在旅游勝地或附近的商店的銷售額中,有多大比例可以歸因于游客的消費?選項A符合句意。

7.單選題

Televisionisoneoftoday’smostpowerfulandwidespreadmeansofmasscommunication.Itdirectlyinfluencesourlivesonbothashortandlongtermbasis;itbringsworldwidesituationsintoourhomes;itaffordsextensiveopportunitiesforacquiringhighereducation;anditperformsthesetasksinaconvenientyeteffectivemanner.Weareallawareofthepopularlyacceptedapplicationsoftelevision,particularlythoserelativetoentertainmentandnewsbroadcasting.

Television,however,hasalsobeenavitallinkinunmanneddeepspaceexploration(suchastheVoyagerIandIImissions)inprovidingvisionsfromhazardousareas(suchasproximitytoradioactivematerialsorenvironments)inunderwaterresearch,inviewingstormsmovingacrossametropolitanarea(thecamerabeingplacedinaweatherprotectiveenclosurenearthetopofatower),etc.Theearth’sweathersatellitesalsousetelevisioncamerasforviewingcloudcoverandmovementsfrom20.000milesinspace.Infraredfiltersareusedfornightviews,andseveralsystemsincludeaspinningmirrorarrangementtopermitwideareaviewsfromthecamera.Realizingtheunlimitedapplicationsfortoday'stelevision,onemaythuslogicallyponderthetruebenefitsofconfiningmostofourvideoactivitiestothemassentertainmentfield.

ConventionaltelevisionbroadcastingwithintheUnitedStatescentersaroundfreeenterpriseandpublicownership.Thisrequiresfundingbycommercialsponsors,andthusfunctionsinarevenueproducingbusinessmanner.TelevisioninUSSRsubjectedareas,conversely,isagovernmentownedandmaintainedarrangement.Whilesucharrangementseliminatetheneedforcommercialsponsorship,italsohasthepossibilityoflimitingthetypeofprogramsavailabletoviewers(anumberofpurelyentertainmentprogramssimilartotheclassic“Bewitched”,however,havebeenseenonthesegovernmentcontrollednetworks.Allisn’tasgrayanddismalastheuninformedmightunnecessarilyvisualize).

AhighlymodifiedformoftelevisioncalledSlowScanTVispresentlybeingusedbymanyAmateurRadiooperatorstoprovidedirectvisualcommunicationswithalmostanyareaoftheworld.ThisuniquevisualmoderecentlyallowedpeopleonthetinySouthPacificcountryofPitcairnIslandtoview,forthefirsttimeintheirlives,distantareas,andpeopleoftheworld.ThechiefradioAmateurandcommunicationsofficerofPitcairn,incidentally,isthelegendaryTomChristiangreat,greatgrandsonofTomChristianof“MutinyontheBounty”fame.RadioAmateursinmanylandsworkedtogetherforseveralmonthsestablishingvisualcapabilitiesforPitcairners.Theresultshaveprovenspectacular,yetthevisualcapabilitieshaveonlybeenusedforhealtheducationorwelfarepurposes.CommercialTVisstillunknowntonativesofthattinycountry.Numerousotherformsoftelevisionandvisualcommunicationhavealsobeenusedonsemirestrictedbasis.Thisindicatesthemanyuntappedareasofvideoandtelevisionwhichmaysoonbeexploitedonamorewidespreadbasis.Theoldclichéofapicturebeingworthathousandwordstrulyhasmerit.

1.Accordingtothepassage,applicationsoftelevisionareeasilyacceptedin（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueintheeyesofthewriter?

3.AccordingtothepassagetelevisioninUSSR

（

）.

4.Inthepassage,theauthortriestotelluspurelyentertainmentprogramssimilartotheclassic“Bewitched”

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtelevisionprogramsis（

）.

問題1選項

A.metropolitanarea

B.deepspaceexploration

C.programsaboutentertainmentandnews

D.remoteareas

問題2選項

A.Applicationsoftelevisionarebeneficialtobigcities.

B.Applicationsoftelevisionarebelievedtobegoodactivities

C.Applicationsoftelevisionarerestrictedtotelevisionsystems.

D.Applicationsoftelevisionbenefittothemassentertainmentfield.

問題3選項

A.islimitedtoarevenueproducingbusinessmanner

B.requiresfundingbycommercialsponsors

C.putsawaytheneedofcommercialaid

D.isbadlyinneedofcommercialhelp

問題4選項

A.areasgoodasthoseintheU.S.

B.havebeenseenonmanygovernmentcontrollednetworks

C.areasgrayanddismalastheuninformedmightunnecessarilyvisualize

D.arenotasgloomyastheuninformedmight

問題5選項

A.positive

B.indifferent

C.critical

D.dangerous

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知電視在哪方面的運用更讓人容易接受”。文章第一段最后一句提到“我們都知道電視被廣泛接受，尤其是那些與娛樂和新聞廣播有關(guān)的內(nèi)容”（Weareallawareofthepopularlyacceptedapplicationsoftelevision,particularlythoserelativetoentertainmentandnewsbroadcasting），因此選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在作者看來，下面說法正確的是……”。文章第二段最后一句提到“意識到當(dāng)今電視的無限應(yīng)用，人們可能會理性地思考我們將大多數(shù)影像活動限制于大眾娛樂領(lǐng)域而帶來的真正好處”（Realizingtheunlimitedapplicationsfortoday'stelevision,onemaythuslogicallyponderthetruebenefitsofconfiningmostofourvideoactivitiestothemassentertainmentfield），由此可知選項D“電視使用受益的是大眾娛樂”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章所述，蘇聯(lián)的電視……”。文章第二段提到蘇聯(lián)的電視是受政府控制的，所以不需要贊助（TelevisioninUSSRsubjectedareas,conversely,isagovernmentownedandmaintainedarrangement），因此選項C“不需要商業(yè)支持”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“文章作者試圖告訴我們與古典的Bewitched相似的純娛樂節(jié)目……”。文章第三段提到“它也可能限制可供觀眾觀看的節(jié)目類型（然而，在這些由政府控制的網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一些類似經(jīng)典的《入迷》的純娛樂節(jié)目。與知情者可能不必要觀看的節(jié)目相比，這些節(jié)目沒有那么令人憂郁）”italsohasthepossibilityoflimitingthetypeofprogramsavailabletoviewers(anumberofpurelyentertainmentprogramssimilartotheclassic“Bewitched”,however,havebeenseenonthesegovernmentcontrollednetworks.Allisn’tasgrayanddismalastheuninformedmightunnecessarilyvisualize)，因此選項D符合題意。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。題目問的是“作者對于電視節(jié)目的態(tài)度是……”。文章對電視節(jié)目各種好處進行了敘述，最后一段提到“這表明視頻與電視的有很多還未被開發(fā)的用途，這些用途可能很快地在更廣泛的基礎(chǔ)上被開發(fā)出來”（Thisindicatesthemanyuntappedareasofvideoandtelevisionwhichmaysoonbeexploitedonamorewidespreadbasis），選項A“積極的”符合題意。

8.單選題

Recentlythenewspapershavereportedseveral（）ontheboundariesofIsraelandJordan.

問題1選項

A.accidents

B.incidents

C.events

D.happenings

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。accidents“意外事故,交通事故”；incidents“事件，事變”；events“大事件，項目”；happenings“意外發(fā)生的事”。句意：最近，報紙報道了幾起發(fā)生在以色列和約旦邊境上的事件。首先可排除選項A和D；選項B含有“事變”的意思，更符合語境，所以正確。

9.單選題

Onhowtheworldhaschangedoverthelast50years,notallofithasbeengood.Asyouarelookingfororganicfoodinformation,youhaveobviouslybecomeawarethatabetteralternativeexistsandyouaretakingacriticallookatthesourceandproductionpracticesofthecompaniesproducingtheworld’sfoodsupplies.

Thepurposeoforganicfoodinformationistogiveyouanunderstandingofwhatisgoingintoyourfood.Youwillseethattherearemanybenefitstoorganicfoodthatyoudidn’tknowbefore.Thebasisbehindknowingaboutorganicfoodinformationisthefactthatfarmersareresortingtousingartificialfertilizersandpesticides（殺蟲劑）tocontroldiseaseandinsectattackinordertoproducemorecropstosatisfygrowingdemand.Theseartificialfertilizersleavesomethingpoisonousinandonthefruitandvegetablesweconsumewhichinturnisabsorbedandstoredbyourbodies.

Eventhequalityoffoodhasgonedowninrecentyears.Today’sfruitshavenowhereneartheVitaminClevelstheydidatonetime.However,withorganicfoodinformationyoulearnthatorganicfoodhasfiftypercentmorenutrients,mineralsandvitaminsthananyotherformofproducethathasbeengrownunderintensivefarming.Ifyouareeatingnon-organicproduceyouwillhavetoeatmorefruitinordertomakeupforthisdeficiency.Butthenthedangerouscyclecontinuessinceyouwillbeeatingmorechemicalsthatareworseforyourhealththantheyaregoodforyou.

Anotheraspectoforganicfoodinformationistheproductionofmeatandpoultry（家食）.Mostonlyconsiderproducewhenitcomestoorganicfoodinformationdisregardingtheantibioticsandhormonesthataregiventobothcattleandpoultrythatarebeingforcefed.Askyourselfwhathappenstoalltheseantibioticsandhormoneswhentheanimaliskilled,theremainingoftheseantibioticsandgrowthhormonesresideinthemeatwhicharethenconsumed,digestedandstoredinhumanbodies.Thereisnowaythatananimalthatisn’tkeptinhealthyconditionscanproducehealthyfoodforhumanstoeat.

Youhavenothingtolosebytryingorganicproduct,notonlywillitbehealthyforyoubutyouwillalsobeabletoeatproduceandmeatthewaytheyaresupposedtobe.Youwilllikelybesoimpressedwiththetasteoforganicfruitthatyouwillneverreturntothemass-producedfruitagain.Whilecostandavailabilitycanbeabigissueforsome,youcandoabitofresearchonlineandfindalocalstorethatstocksorganicproduceforareasonableprice.

1.ItisstatedinParagraph1thatorganicfood（）.

2.Farmersuseartificialfertilizersandpesticidesto（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,organicfood（）.

5.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutmeatandpoultry?

6.Inthelastparagraph,peopleareadvisedto（）.

7.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

8.Whatwillbeprobablyaddressedifthereisanotherparagraphafterthelast?

問題1選項

A.isconsideredasabetterchoice

B.ismostlysuppliedbyworld-famouscompanies

C.hasbecomepopularoverthelast50years

D.reflectsthechangeofproductionpractices

問題2選項

A.satisfypeople’scriticaldemand

B.developbetterfarmingtechnology

C.getahighercropyield

D.keeppeopleinbetterhealth

問題3選項

A.FruitsnowadaysdonotcontainVitaminC

B.FruitsnowadayscontainmoreVitaminCthanbefore

C.FruitsnowadayscontainlessVitaminCthanbefore

D.FruitsnowadayscontainVitaminCasmuchasbefore

問題4選項

A.hasgonedowninquality

B.hasmorenutrients

C.canreplacemass-producedfood

D.lacksVitaminC

問題5選項

A.Organicmeatandpoultryishardlyavailable

B.Agreatamountofmeatisconsumedeveryyear

C.Mercilesskillingoftheanimalslowerstheirquality

D.Theymaycontainantibioticsandgrowthhormones

問題6選項

A.eattraditionalproduceandmeat

B.returntomass-producedfruits

C.dothecostandavailabilityresearch

D.tryorganicproductforbetterhealthandtaste

問題7選項

A.thebenefitsoforganicfoodinformation

B.thechallengesfacingtheworldfoodindustry

C.changesinfoodproductionpractices

D.agrowingdemandhighqualityfood

問題8選項

A.Howfarmersuseartificialfertilizersandpesticides.

B.Howtofindorganicproduceinlocalstoresforareasonableprice.

C.Theproductionofmeatandpoultry.

D.Thefutureoforganicproduce.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出：你在尋找有機食品的信息時，你顯然已經(jīng)意識到存在更好的選擇，并且在用批判地眼光看待食品公司的原產(chǎn)原料和生產(chǎn)實踐，他們?yōu)槭澜缣峁┲Z食供應(yīng)。由此可知，A項“（有機食品）被認(rèn)為是更好的選擇”正確。

2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出：Thebasisbehindknowingaboutorganicfoodinformationisthefactthatfarmersareresortingtousingartificialfertilizersandpesticidestocontroldiseaseandinsectattackinordertoproducemorecropstosatisfygrowingdemand.（了解有機食品信息背后的基礎(chǔ)是這樣一個事實：農(nóng)民正在使用人工化肥和殺蟲劑來控制病蟲害，以便生產(chǎn)更多的作物，以滿足日益增長的需求），因此C項“獲得更高的作物產(chǎn)量”正確。

3.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第三段指出：Eventhequalityoffoodhasgonedowninrecentyears.Today’sfruitshavenowhereneartheVitaminClevelstheydidatonetime.（近年來，食品的質(zhì)量都下降了?，F(xiàn)在水果的維生素C含量遠不如以前）。因此C項“現(xiàn)在的水果所含的維他命C比以前少”正確。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第三段指出：However,withorganicfoodinformationyoulearnthatorganicfoodhasfiftypercentmorenutrients,mineralsandvitaminsthananyotherformofproducethathasbeengrownunderintensivefarming.（然而，通過了解有機食品的信息，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)有機食品的營養(yǎng)成分、礦物質(zhì)和維生素比密集農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)出來的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品都要高50%），因此B項正確。

5.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第四段指出：Askyourselfwhathappenstoalltheseantibioticsandhormoneswhentheanimaliskilled,theremainingoftheseantibioticsandgrowthhormonesresideinthemeatwhicharethenconsumed,digestedandstoredinhumanbodies.（捫心自問，當(dāng)動物被殺時，所有這些抗生素和激素都去哪兒了，這些殘留的抗生素和生長激素保留在所食用的肉里，然后被消化和儲存在人體內(nèi)）。由此可知，D項“它們可能含有抗生素和生長激素”正確。

6.【試題解析】判斷推理題。最后一段大意是：食用有機食品很有益處，只是價格和購買是個問題。但可以做一些調(diào)查以找到當(dāng)?shù)睾线m的地方購買。因此可看出，作者在最后一段建議人們嘗試食用有機產(chǎn)品。故選D項“為健康和口感而嘗試有機產(chǎn)品”。

7.【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章大意是：有機食品信息的目的是讓人們知道食物中含有什么物質(zhì)：有機食品不含化學(xué)肥料和殺蟲劑，所含有的對人體有益成分較高。但近年來食品質(zhì)量下降了。總之，有機食品健康口感好，只是價格和購買是個問題。但可以做一些調(diào)查以找到當(dāng)?shù)睾线m的地方購買。因此，A項“有機食品信息的好處”比較符合文章主旨。

8.【試題解析】判斷推理題。最后一段最后一句提出人們可以做一些調(diào)查而選擇從當(dāng)?shù)貎r格合理的商店購買。由此推測，如果后文還有一段，可能會繼續(xù)闡述這個話題，故選B項“如何在當(dāng)?shù)厣痰暾业絻r格合理的有機產(chǎn)品”。

10.單選題

Foreverysocialsituation,thereisa______timethatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive.

問題1選項

A.pompous

B.permissible

C.adoptive

D.complacent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項pompous“自大的，浮夸的，華而不實的”，B項permissible“可允許的，獲得準(zhǔn)許的”，C項adoptive“采用的，有收養(yǎng)關(guān)系的”，D項complacent“自滿的，得意的，滿足的”。由修飾time的定語從句thatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive“你可以凝視一個人，而不顯得親密、粗魯或咄咄逼人”可知，“可允許的”符合句意。句意：對于任何一種社交場合，都有一個允許的時間，你可以在不顯得親密、粗魯或咄咄逼人的情況下凝視對方。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

11.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,orcommonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocialnarcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-being,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inthisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman,“torturedbyself-consciousness,turnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor.”Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclined,andwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.

【答案】大多數(shù)社會的共識來自于悠久的歷史、一種完全屬于自己的語言、一個共同的宗教或共同的祖先。他們賴以生存的神話就是建立在所有這些基礎(chǔ)之上的。但是美國是一個移民國家，其移民來自許多不同的國家。最近，有人強調(diào)，孤僻和自戀已經(jīng)成為美國人的性格特征，正是這種性格導(dǎo)致了幸福感的缺乏，因為它阻止了我們達成共識，有了共識人們才不會再退縮到自我的小天地中。在這項關(guān)于自戀的研究中，克里斯托弗?拉什認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代人“受到自我意識的折磨，其解決辦法不是從個人煩惱中解脫出來，而是在生活中找到意義和目的，并找到一生追求的東西?！庇捎趪袷繗庀陆担藗兤毡楦械讲话?，我們也失去了早先對國家遠景和目標(biāo)的認(rèn)識。

12.單選題

Idon'tthinkthechargeforoverhaulingtheequipmentisexcessivein（

）toitssize.

問題1選項

A.correspondence

B.equation

C.proportion

D.dimension

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。correspondence意為“一致，符合”；equation意為“方程式，等式，相等”；proportion意為“份額，比例”，inproportionto意為“與……成比例，與……相稱”；dimension意為“尺寸，規(guī)?！?。

句意：相對于它的尺寸來說，我認(rèn)為大修這個設(shè)備所花的費用并不過分。

13.翻譯題

1.TheCenterforMediaResearchrecentlyreleasedareportaboutblogs.Itsaysallstudiesagreethatblogsareprevalentaroundtheworld.

2.Onestudyfoundthatmorethanonehundredeightymillionpeoplearoundtheworldhavestartedablog.Andmorethanthreehundredfortymillionpeoplearoundtheworldreadblogs.Anotherstudyfoundbloggersinsixty-sixcountriesonsixcontinents.Itfoundblogsineighty-onelanguages.

3.Peopleinmanyprofessions,includingtheentertainmentindustryandnewsorganizations'arewritingblogs.VOAwritersareamongthem.AlexBelindaisthechiefwriteroftheVOAnewsblog.4.HediscussesissuesoffreedomofthepressandVOAprogramming.Healsoanswersquestions,commentsandcriticismfromthepublic.

5.Onarecentblog,MisterBelinda(貝林達)wroteaboutVOA’srulesdemandingaccuracyandobjectivity.HewrotethatVOArulesstatethatVOAreporters“donotspeakfortheUnitedStatesgovernment.”HealsowrotethattheideathatanygovernmentagencycantellVOAwhattosayisfalse.

【答案】1.媒體研究中心最近發(fā)布了一份關(guān)于博客的報告。它說，所有的研究都認(rèn)為博客在世界各地都很流行。

2.一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，全世界有超過1.8億人開始寫博客。全世界有超過3.4億人閱讀博客。

3.許多行業(yè)的人，包括娛樂業(yè)和新聞機構(gòu)的人都在寫博客。美國之音記者也在其中。

4.他討論了新聞自由和VOA節(jié)目的問題。他還回答公眾的問題、評論和批評。

5.在最近的一篇博客中，貝琳達先生提到了美國之音要求準(zhǔn)確性和客觀性的規(guī)定。他寫道，VOA規(guī)則規(guī)定，美國之音記者“不代表美國政府發(fā)言”。

14.單選題

Acloseanalogytostudydesignistheroughsketchmadebyanartistbeforebecommitshisvisiontocanvas.Thebroadoutlinesaredrawn,theproperperspectiveachieved,andthetotalimpactofthepicture-to-becanbepartiallyappreciatedinadvance.Soitiswiththedesignofresearch;itspecifiesinadvancethekindsofstatementsthatcanbemadeonthebasisofitsfindingsandfixtheperspectivesagainstwhichthesefindingsaretobeevaluated.

Onemajorpurposeofthisstudywastodemonstratewhetherornotthenewersocialresearchtechniquescouldhelpinbroadeninganddeepeningknowledgeconcerningjuveniledelinquency.Constructionofthedesignwasguidedbythisgoalofexploringnewmethodsintheanalysisofjuveniledelinquency.However,researchtechniquedevelopedinonecontentcannotbemechanicallytransferredtoanother.Anewapplicationofaresearchtechniquerequiressubstantialchangesanditistheseinnovativemodificationsthatthisstudyoffersasitscontribution.

Juveniledelinquencyhasbeenthesubjectofmanypreviousstudiesusingavarietyofresearchtechniques.Thisstudymakesanadditionalcontributionbyusingadesignspeciallyplannedtopermitacomparisonofseveralapproaches.Thedrawingupofthestudydesignprofitedgreatlyfromanextensivesurveyofpreviousresearchesoncrime,undertakenduringtheearlieststageoftheproject.Itwasfoundthatmoststudiescouldbeclassifiedasbelongingstudyandpersonalmotivationstudy.

Eachtypehasitscharacteristicdesignandmodeofinterpretationandeachhasproducedinformationofconsiderableimportance.Yetnoattemptwasmadeinanyofthestudiestointegrateoneormoreofthesethreedesigntypes.Itbecameapparentthatonofthemajorcontributionsapilotstudycouldmaketobothmethodandsubstantivefindingswouldbetobringallthreestudytypestogetherinonedesignforthepurposeofcorrelatingtheirfindingsandevaluatingtheirrelativeimportanceinproducingdatao