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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-太原旅游職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題
ThemoistairofthePacificOceanbringsa()climatetothewestcoastoftheUnitedStates.
問題1選項
A.chilly
B.temperate
C.modest
D.compromising
【答案】B
【解析】句意:太平洋潮濕的空氣給美國西海岸帶來了溫和的氣候。氣候溫和用temperateclimate,所以選項B正確。
2.單選題
Peoplearefascinatedtoseethatthemagicianmadeabigandtalldeer()inaflash.
問題1選項
A.fade
B.shout
C.yield
D.vanish
【答案】D
【解析】動詞辨析。A選項fade“消失”,側(cè)重逐漸消失。例句:Somesaidthat,oncethisnoveltyhadwornoff,cinemawouldfadeaway.(有人說,一旦這種新鮮感消失,電影院就會消失。);B選項shout“呼喊;大聲說”;C選項yield“屈服,放棄”;D選項vanish“使不見,使消失”,指完全、往往是神秘而突然的消失,不留任何蛛絲馬跡。例句:Hevanishedwithouttrace.(他消失得無影無蹤。)。句意:看到魔術(shù)師使一只又大又高的鹿瞬間消失,人們都被迷住了。由選項意思和句意可知,D選項符合句意。
3.單選題
Thegiftofbeingabletodescribeafaceaccuratelyisarareone,aseveryexperiencedpoliceofficerknowstohiscost.AstheLancetputitrecently:“Whenwetrytodescribefacespreciselywordsfailus,andweresorttoidentikit(拼臉型圖)procedures.”
Yet,accordingtooneauthorityonthesubject,wecaneachprobablyrecognizemorethan1,000faces,themajorityofwhichdifferinfinedetails.This,whenonecomestothinkofit,isatremendousfeat,though,curiouslyenough,relativelylittleattentionhasbeendevotedtothefundamentalproblemsofhowandwhyweacquirethisgiftforrecognizingandrememberingfaces.Isitaninbornpropertyofourbrains,oranacquiredone?Assooftenhappens,theexpertstendtodiffer.
Thus,somearguethatitisinborn,andthatthereare“specialcharacteristicsaboutthebrain’sabilitytodistinguishfaces”.Insupportofthisthesetheynotehowmuchbetterweareatrecognizingafaceafterasingleencounterthanweare,forexample,inrecognizinganindividualhorse.Ontheotherhand,therearethose,andtheyareprobablyinthemajority,whoclaimthatthegiftisanacquiredone.
Theargumentsinfavorofthislatterview,itmustbeconfessed,areimpressive.Itisahabitthatisacquiredsoonafterbirth.Watch,forinstance,howaquiteyoungbabyrecognizeshismemberbysight.Grantedthathisothersenseshelp-thesoundothervoice,hissenseofsmell,thedistinctivewayshehandleshim.
Butofallthese,sightispredominant.Formedattheverybeginningoflife,theabilitytorecognizefacesquicklybecomesanestablishedhabit,andonethatis,essentialfordailyliving,ifnotnecessarilyforsurvival.Howessentialandvaluableitisweprobablydonotappreciateuntilweencounterpeoplewhohavebeendeprivedofthefaculty.
Thisunfortunateinabilitytorecognizefamiliarfacesisknowntoall,butsuchpeoplecanoftenrecognizeindividualsbytheirvoices,theirwalkingmannersortheirspectacles.Withtypicalhumaningenuitymanyoftheseunfortunatepeopleovercometheirhandicapbyrecognizingothercharacteristicfeatures.
1.Itisstatedinthepassagethat().
2.Whattheauthorfeelsstrangeaboutisthat().
3.Whatisthefirstsuggestedexplanationoftheoriginoftheability?
4.Accordingtothepassage,howimportantistheabilitytorecognizefaces?
5.Thispassageseemstoemphasizethat().
問題1選項
A.itisunusualforapersontobeabletoidentifyafacesatisfactorily
B.theabilitytorecognizefacesunhesitatinglyisanunusualgift
C.quitafewpeoplecanvisualizefacestheyhaveseen
D.fewpeoplecangiveexactdetailsoftheappearanceofaface
問題2選項
A.peoplehavethetremendousabilitytorecognizemorethan1,000faces
B.peopledon’tthinkmuchoftheproblemofhowandwhyweacquiretheabilitytorecognizeandrememberfaces
C.peopledon’trealizehowessentialandvaluableitisforthemtohavetheabilitytorecognizefaces
D.peoplehavebeenarguingmuchoverthewaypeoplerecognizeandremember
問題3選項
A.Itisoneofthecharacteristicspeculiartohumanbeings.
B.Itisacquiredsoonafterbirth.
C.Itissomethingwecandofromtheverymomentweareborn.
D.Itislearnedfromourenvironmentandexperiences.
問題4選項
A.Itisusefulindailylifebutisnotnecessarilyessential.
B.Itsabsencewouldmakenormaleverydaylifeimpossible.
C.Undercertaincircumstanceswecouldnotexistwithoutit.
D.Normalsociallifewouldbedifficultwithoutit.
問題5選項
A.theabilitytorecognizeindividualsisdependentonothersensesaswellassight
B.sightisindispensabletorecognizingindividuals
C.theabilitytorecognizefacesisaspecialinbornabilityofthebrain
D.theimportanceoftheabilityofrecognizingfacesisfullyappreciatedbypeople
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)選項和題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段第一句Thegiftofbeingabletodescribeafaceaccuratelyisarareone,aseveryexperiencedpoliceofficerknowstohiscost.(能準(zhǔn)確地描述一個人的面容這種天賦是很罕見的,每一個有經(jīng)驗的警官都知道這一點。)因此D選項“很少有人能給出一張臉的外貌的確切細(xì)節(jié)”正確。A選項“一個人能令人滿意地辨認(rèn)人臉是不尋常的”不夠準(zhǔn)確;B選項“毫不猶豫地識別面孔的能力是一種不尋常的天賦”是推斷出來的,而不是文章直接的陳述;C選項“有些人能想象他們所見過的面孔”不是原文所提到的。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段的第二句This,whenonecomestothinkofit,isatremendous...thisgiftforrecognizingandrememberingfaces.(然而,奇怪的是,對于我們是如何以及為什么會有這種識別和記憶面孔的天賦這一基本問題,卻鮮有人關(guān)注。)因此B選項“人們很少思考我們是如何以及為什么獲得識別和記憶面孔的能力的”正確。A選項“人們有驚人的能力來識別超過1000張面孔”,在第二段第一句話Yet,accordingtooneauthorityonthesubject,wecaneachprobablyrecognizemorethan1,000faces,themajorityofwhichdifferinfinedetails.(然而,據(jù)某專家稱,我們每個人可能都能識別1000多張面孔,其中大多數(shù)在細(xì)節(jié)上都有所不同。)是專家說的,并不是作者覺得好奇的;C選項“人們沒有意識到識別面孔的能力對他們來說是多么重要和有價值”,文章沒有提到;D選項“人們一直在爭論人們認(rèn)識和記憶的方式”,這個也不是作者覺得好奇的點。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段Thus,somearguethatitisinborn,andthatthereare“specialcharacteristicsaboutthebrain’sabilitytodistinguishfaces”.(因此,有些人認(rèn)為這是天生的,“大腦區(qū)分面孔的能力有特殊的特點”。)因此C選項正確。A選項“是人類特有的特征之一”,B選項“它在出生后不久就獲得了”,與原文不符;D選項“它是從我們的環(huán)境和經(jīng)驗中學(xué)來的”,這是另一種觀點,但不是最先的。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段Howessentialandvaluableitisweprobablydonotappreciateuntilweencounterpeoplewhohavebeendeprivedofthefaculty.(它是多么重要和有價值,直到我們遇到那些被剝奪了能力的人,我們才會意識到。)因此可以推斷出B選項“沒有它,正常的日常生活就不可能了”正確。A選項“它在日常生活中是有用的,但不是必要的”與原文意思不符;C選項“在某些情況下,沒有它我們就無法生存”,原文沒有提及;D選項“沒有它,正常的社會生活將很難”,屬于過度推斷。
5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)選項關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段Thisunfortunateinabilitytorecognizefamiliarfacesisknowntoall,butsuchpeoplecanoftenrecognizeindividualsbytheirvoices,theirwalkingmannersortheirspectacles.(這種不幸的無法識別大眾都熟悉面孔的能力,但通??梢酝ㄟ^他們的聲音、走路方式或眼鏡來識別個人。)因此A選項“識別個體的能力不僅依賴視覺,還依賴其他感官”正確。B選項“視覺對于識別個體是必不可少的”,這個不是文章想要強調(diào)的;C選項“識別面孔的能力是大腦天生的一種特殊能力”,不符合文章意思;D選項“人們充分認(rèn)識到人臉識別能力的重要性”,不是原文強調(diào)的;文章最后一段是想說明,哪怕有的人沒有這種能力,他也可以通過其他的感官來感知。
4.單選題
WhenMr.Johnswentshoppingatthethriftstore,hewaslookingfora().
問題1選項
A.bargain
B.charge
C.gain
D.purchase
【答案】A
【解析】名詞辨析題。bargain便宜貨;charge費用;gain利潤,收獲;purchase購買的東西。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞thethriftstore(舊貨店,二手店)判斷,選項A更符合句意。
5.寫作題
Directions:Writeacompositioninthetitle“HowtoEliminateFakeDiplomas”basedonthefollowinggivenoutlineinChinese.Yourcompositionshouldbeabout150Englishwords.PleasewriteyourcompositionontheAnswerSheet.
Outline:
1.現(xiàn)在社會上的假文憑屢見不鮮。
2.如何杜絕假文憑現(xiàn)象?
【答案】HowtoEliminateFakeDiplomas
Inthelastfewyears,thephenomenonoffakediplomasismoreserious.Plentyofpeopleusefakediplomasto
findagoodjob.Besidesthelowcostofthefakediplomasappealslotsofpeoplewhohavenotreceivedhighereducationwhichmakefakediplomasbecomemorecommon.
Fakediplomasdoharmtobothemployersandpersonswhohaverealdiplomas.Ifemployersappointemployeeswhoarenotqualifiedforacertainposition,theircompaniesmaysufferheavylosses,evenfacehugecrisis.Besides,it’sunfairforpeoplewithrealdiplomaswhenthosewhobuyfakediplomasdonotpayanyeffortsandmoneyinhighereducation.Soitistimetodealwiththefakeevent.
Tobeginwith,governmentshouldreleasesomelawstopunishthosepeoplewhofabricateandbuythefakediplomastolimitthefakeevent.Inaddition,theuniversitycanmaketheirdiplomaswithspecialmaterialtolimitthefakediplomas’spreading.Furthermore,universitiesshouldmatchupthecompaniestochecktherecordofformalschoolingoftheiremployees.Inthoseways,thefakeeventsmaybecontrolled.
6.單選題
Hestillsuffersfromararetopicaldiseasewhichhe(),whileworkingtoAfrica.
問題1選項
A.infected
B.incurred
C.contracted
D.infested
【答案】C
【解析】本題是動詞辨析題。infected“感染”;incurred“招致;蒙受”,contracted“合同;感染;收縮”;infested“大批滋生”,根據(jù)句意可知這里是指“感染了某種病”,所以此處的動詞要從infected和contracted之間來選擇,infect這個動作的發(fā)出者是疾病,強調(diào)疾病的感染性;而contract強調(diào)的是人感染疾病,動作的發(fā)出者是人,此處強調(diào)的是人感染疾病,故正確答案為選項C。
7.單選題
Tocallsomeonebird-brainedinEnglishmeansyouthinkthatpersonissillyorstu-pid.Butwillthisdescriptionsoondisappearfromuseinthelightofrecentresearch?ItseemstheEnglishmayhavebeenunfairinassociatingbird’sbrainswithstupidity.
Inanattempttofindouthowdifferentcreaturesseetheworld,psychologistsatBrownUniversityintheUSAhavebeencomparingthebehaviourofbirdsandhumans.OneexperimenthasinvolvedteachingpigeonstorecognizelettersoftheEnglishalphabet.Thebirdsstudyin“classrooms”,whichareboxesequippedwithacomputer.Afteraboutfourdaysofstudyingaparticularletter,thepigeonhastopickoutthatletterfromseveraldis-playedonthecomputerscreen.Threemalepigeonshavelearnttodistinguishalltwenty-sixlettersofthealphabetinthisway.
Acomputerrecordofthebirds’four-monthstudyperiodhasshownsurprisingsimilar-itiesbetweenthepigeons’andhumanperformance.Pigeonsandpeoplefindthesameletterseasy,orhard,totellapart.Forexample,92percentofthetimethepigeonscouldtelltheletterDfromtheletterZ.ButwhenfacedwithUandV(oftenconfusedbyEnglishchil-dren),thepigeonswererightonly34percentofthetime.
Theresultsoftheexperimentssofarhaveledpsychologiststoconcludethatpigeonsandhumansobservethingsinsimilarways.Thissuggeststhatthereissomethingfunda-mentalabouttherecognitionprocess.Ifscientistscouldonlydiscoverjustwhatthisrecog-nitionprocessis,itcouldbeveryusefulforcomputerdesigners.Thedisadvantageofapresentcomputeristhatitcanonlydowhatahumanbeinghasprogrammedittodoandtheprogrammermustgivethecomputerprecise,logicalinstructions.Maybeinthefuture,though,computerswillbeabletothinklikehumanbeings.
1.Thewritersuggeststhattheexpression“bird-brained”mightbeoutofusesoonbe-causeitis()
2.sychologistshavebeenexperimentingwithpigeonstofindoutwhetherthebirds
3.UandVareconfusedby().
4.Therearesimilaritiesinobservingthingsbypigeonsandhumans().
5.Theresearchmayhelp()?
問題1選項
A.silly
B.impolite
C.unnecessary
D.inappropriate
問題2選項
A.arereallysillyorstupid
B.canlearntomakeideasknowntopeople
C.seetheworldashumanbeingsdo
D.learnmorequicklythanchildren
問題3選項
A.92percentofpigeons
B.manyEnglishchildren
C.mostpeoplelearningEnglish
D.4percentofEnglishchildren
問題4選項
A.becausepigeonsaretaughtbyhumans
B.becausepigeonshavebrainsmoredevelopedthanotherbirds
C.becausetheirbasicwaystoknowtheworldarethesame
D.becausepigeonsandhumanshavesimilarbrains
問題5選項
A.computerdesigners
B.computersalesmen
C.psychologists
D.teachers
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“bird-brained”定位至第一段:Tocallsomeonebird-brainedinEnglishmeansyouthinkthatpersonissillyorstupid.Butwillthisdescriptionsoondisappearfromuseinthelightofrecentresearch?ItseemstheEnglishmayhavebeenunfairinassociatingbird’sBrainswithstupidity(在英語中,如果稱某人為“鳥腦”,意思就是這個人非常愚蠢或沒頭腦。不過最近的一項研究顯示,這個叫法可能很快會不再使用??磥碛⒄Z將鳥的大腦與愚蠢聯(lián)系在一起是不公平的)。因此,正確答案為D。
2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Psychologists,experimenting,pigeons”定位至第二段:Inanattempttofindouthowdifferentcreaturesseetheworld,美國布朗大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家將鳥類和人類的行為進(jìn)行了比較,為了了解不同的生物是怎么領(lǐng)會世界的。據(jù)此可知,心理學(xué)家用鴿子做實驗是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)鳥類與人類在領(lǐng)會世界方面是否相同。
3.根據(jù)題干定位至第三段:ButwhenfacedwithUandV(oftenconfusedbyEnglishchildren),thepigeonswererightonly34percentofthetime(當(dāng)面對字母U和V(英語孩子常?;煜@兩個字母)時,鴿子的正確率只有34%)。據(jù)此可知B項正確。
4.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“observingthingsbypigeonsandhumans”定位至第四段:Theresultsoftheexperimentssofarhaveledpsychologiststoconcludethatpigeonsandhumansobservethingsinsimilarways.Thissuggeststhatthereissomethingfundamentalabouttherecognitionprocess.(目前為止,心理學(xué)家從這些實驗結(jié)果得到的結(jié)論是,鴿子和人類以相似的方式觀察事物。這表明,識別過程具有基本的因素。)據(jù)此可知,鴿子和人類在觀察事物方面相似是因為他們認(rèn)識世界的基本方法相同,因此正確答案為C。
5.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“research”定位至第四段,第四段講的是resultsoftheexperiments(試驗結(jié)果):Ifscientistscouldonlydiscoverjustwhatthisrecognitionprocessis,itcouldbeveryusefulforcomputerdesigners.”可知,這將給計算機設(shè)計師帶來很大的益處,A項正確。
8.單選題
.Inthemuseumthereisa(
)oftheshipMayflower.
問題1選項
A.supplement
B.nucleus
C.miniature
D.valve
【答案】C
【解析】supplement增補,補充;nucleus核心;miniature微小的模型;valve閥,活門。句意:博物館里有一艘五月花號船的微縮模型。選項C符合句意。
9.單選題
Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.
Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.
Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.
Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.
1.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat______.
2.WecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat______.
3.Bysayingthesefiguresareconservative(line1,inparagraph3),Dr.Wormmeansthat______.
4.Dr.Myersandotherresearcherholdthat______.
5.Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’______.
問題1選項
A.largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment
B.smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared
C.largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday
D.slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones
問題2選項
A.thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%
B.thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsago
C.thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount
D.thenumberoflargepredatordroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold
問題3選項
A.fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly
B.thencatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded
C.themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss
D.thedatecollectedsofarareoutofdate
問題4選項
A.peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan’tworkforalongertime
B.fisheriesshouldkeeptheyieldbelow50%ofthebiomass
C.theoceanbiomassshouldrestoreitsoriginallevel
D.peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetochangingsituation
問題5選項
A.managementefficiency
B.biomasslevel
C.catch-sizelimits
D.technologicalapplication
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“大型史前動物的滅絕暗示什么?”。第一段最后一句Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans(現(xiàn)在類似的事情可能正在海洋中發(fā)生),由此推斷,文中提到史前動物的滅絕是暗示海洋生物也會面臨同樣的問題。A項“大型動物很容易受到環(huán)境的影響”,B項“小物種幸存下來而大物種消失了”和D項“生長緩慢的魚比生長迅速的魚更長壽”都不是大型動物滅絕暗示的現(xiàn)象,所以該題C項正確。
2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“我們從Dr.MyersandDr.Worm’s的論文中可以推測出什么?”。根據(jù)本題關(guān)鍵詞“Dr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaper”定位到本文第二段最后一句AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen(根據(jù)他們在《自然》雜志上發(fā)表的最新論文,在新漁場開始捕撈的15年內(nèi),大型捕食動物(殺死并吃掉其他動物的動物)的生物量平均減少了80%。在一些長期捕魚的地區(qū),從那時起,它又減少了一半),由此推斷,文中提到大型捕食動物平均減少80%,所以可以推測出在一些老的漁場,已經(jīng)減少了90%。B項“這里的漁場數(shù)量只有15年前的一半”說法錯誤,文中沒有漁場數(shù)量15年之間的對比;C項“新漁場的漁獲量只有原來的20%”說法錯誤,是指平均下降80%,沒有說就只有20%,該說法過于絕對;D項“新漁場的大型捕食者的數(shù)量比舊漁場下降得更快”說法錯誤,根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知,應(yīng)該是舊漁場下降得更快。所以該題A項正確。
3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“通過說這些數(shù)字是保守的(第三段第一行),Worm博士的意思是?”。根據(jù)本題直接定位到本文第三段第四句Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes(這意味著更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕撈,所以現(xiàn)在和過去之間的真正差異可能比捕撈規(guī)模變化所記錄的更糟糕),由此可知因為科技的進(jìn)步給捕魚帶來的巨大的方便,但是這些數(shù)字是保守估計是因為海洋生物遭受了更大的破壞。A項“捕魚技術(shù)進(jìn)步很快”是給捕魚帶來了方便,但不符合本題題意;B項“捕魚量實際上比記錄的要小”該說法沒有原文依據(jù),原文只提到海洋生物遭受了更大的破壞;D項“到目前為止收集到的日期已經(jīng)過時了”與本題無關(guān)。所以該題C項正確。
4.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“邁爾斯博士和其他研究人員認(rèn)為?”。根據(jù)本題關(guān)鍵詞“Dr.Myers”定位到本文最后一段第一句Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount(邁爾斯和沃姆博士認(rèn)為,他們的工作給出了一個正確的基線,未來的管理工作必須加以考慮),由此可知應(yīng)該要調(diào)整捕魚的基線來改變當(dāng)前的狀態(tài)。A項“人們應(yīng)該尋找一個長期不起作用的基準(zhǔn)”說法錯誤,是要尋找一個有效的基線;B項“漁業(yè)應(yīng)將產(chǎn)量保持在生物量的50%以下”,該說法錯誤,根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句可知應(yīng)當(dāng)是保持在50%,而不是50%之下;C項“海洋生物量應(yīng)該恢復(fù)到原來的水平”說法不全面,是要恢復(fù)到原始水平的50%。所以該題D項正確。
5.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者似乎主要關(guān)注大多數(shù)漁業(yè)的什么?”。A項“管理效率”;B項“生物量水平”;C項“捕獲的大小限制”;D項“技術(shù)應(yīng)用”。整篇文章都是圍繞海洋生物的量展開的,而且文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了“biomass”,所以可知,作者大多關(guān)注海洋生物總量的變化。所以該題B項正確。
10.單選題
PeoplewholettheirdogssleepwiththemorallowthemtolicktheirfacesarenomorelikelythanotherdogownerstohavethesamestrainsofE.colibacteriaastheirdogs,aKansasStateUniversityveterinarianreports.
Dr.KateStenske,aclinicalassistantprofessorattheuniversity’sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine,saidit’sknownthatdiseasescanbesharedbetweendogsandpeopleandthatabout75percentofemergingdiseasesaretransferrablebetweenhumansandotheranimals.
ShedecidedtofocusonE.coli,whichiscommoninthegastrointestinaltractsofbothhumansanddogs.
Forthestudy,Stenskeanalyzedfecalsamplesfromdogsandtheirowners.Shefoundthat10percentofhuman-dogpairshadthesameE.colistrainsandthatthesestrainsweremoreresistanttocommonantibioticsthanexpected.However,ownershadmoremultipledrug-resistantstainsthantheirdogs.
“Thismakesusthinkthatdogsarenotlikelytospreadmultipledrug-resistantE.colitotheirowners,butperhapsmayspreadthemtotheirdogs,”Stenskesaidinauniversitynewsrelease.“Whatwelearnfromthisisthatantibioticsreallydoaffectthebacteriawithinourgastrointestinaltract,andweshouldonlytakethemwhenwereallyneedto—andalwaysfinishtheentireprescriptionasdirected.”
TherewasnoevidencethatownerswhosleepwiththeirdogorallowfacelickingweremorelikelytohavesharedstrainsofE.coli,accordingtothestudy,whichwasexpectedtobepublishedinanupcomingissueoftheAmericanJournalofVeterinaryResearch.
However,thestudydidfindanassociationbetweenantibiotic-resistantE.coliandownerswhodidn’twashtheirhandsafterpettingtheirdogsorbeforecookingmeals.
“Weshouldusecommonsenseandpracticegoodgeneralhygiene,”Stenskeadvised.Shesaidthefindthatclosehuman-dogbondingbehaviorsaren’tmorelikelytospreadgermsisgoodnewsbecauseofthephysicalandpsychologicalbenefitsofpetownership.Surveysshowthatnearlyhalfofalldogownerssharetheirfoodwiththeirdogs,andmorethanhalfallowtheirdogstosleepwiththemandlicktheirface.
“Ifyoulookatonestudy,84percentofpeoplesaytheirdogislikeachildtothem,”Stenskeadded.
FutureresearchmightlookatcatownersandsharedE.coli.MoreAmericansowncatsthandogs,andcatsinteractwithpeopleindifferentwaysthandogs,Stenskenoted.
21.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?
22.ThereasonwhythestudyfocusesonE.coliisthat______.
23.WhichoneisNOTtheconclusionofthestudy?
24.AccordingtoStenske,peopleshouldpracticegeneralhygieneby______.
25.Thestudyhasbroughtgoodnewstothedog-ownersinthat______.
問題1選項
A.Closehuman-dogbondingbehaviorsaren’tmorelikelytospreadgerms.
B.Dogownersshouldnotlettheirdogslicktheirfacesorsleepwiththem.
C.Itisnothygienictoletdogssleepwithyouorlickyourface.
D.TheE.colibacteriaarespreadfromdogstotheirmasters.
問題2選項
A.thesamplesareeasytoget
B.itisarepresentativeofbacteriumfoundinhumanbowels
C.itisacommonbacteriumsharedbydogsandmankindinbowels
D.itisabacteriumspreadeasilybetweenhumanbeings
問題3選項
A.Ownershavemultipledrug-resistantstrainsthantheirdogs.
B.Dogsarenotlikelytospreadmultipledrug-resistantE.colitotheirowners.
C.Wecannottakeantibioticscasually,butonlywhenwereallyneed.
D.OwnersallowfacelickingaremorelikelytosharestrainsofE.coli.
問題4選項
A.washingtheirhandsbeforepettingthedogs
B.washingtheirhandsbeforecookingthemeals
C.severingtheirintimatebondwithpet-dogs
D.eatingdifferentfoodfromtheirdogs
問題5選項
A.itallowsdog-ownerstomaintaintheirintimatebondwithdogsatease
B.dogsandtheirownerscanbeimmunefromvirusesifkeepingintimate
C.dogsaremorefavoritethancatsinmankind’sview
D.itprovesthatdogsaredirtierthanwhatwehaveimagined
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】21.【選項釋義】
21.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?21.我們從第一段可以推斷出什么?
A.Closehuman-dogbondingbehaviorsaren’tmorelikelytospreadgerms.A.人類和狗親密的行為并不太可能傳播細(xì)菌。
B.Dogownersshouldnotlettheirdogslicktheirfacesorsleepwiththem.B.狗主人不應(yīng)該讓他們的狗舔他們的臉或和他們一起睡覺。
C.Itisnothygienictoletdogssleepwithyouorlickyourface.C.讓狗狗和你一起睡覺或舔你的臉是不衛(wèi)生的。
D.TheE.colibacteriaarespreadfromdogstotheirmasters.D.大腸桿菌從狗傳播給它們的主人。
【考查點】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】定位第一段“與其他狗主人相比,讓狗和自己一起睡覺或讓狗舔自己的臉的狗主人身上攜帶的大腸桿菌菌株和狗身上的大腸桿菌菌株并不太可能相同(arenomorelikely)”,從中可以推斷,狗主人和狗之間的親密行為不太可能傳播大腸桿菌,所以A項正確。
【干擾項排除】
C選項在第一段沒提到,屬于無中生有;
B、D選項與文章意思相反,屬于反向干擾。
22.【選項釋義】
22.ThereasonwhythestudyfocusesonE.coliisthat______.22.這項研究關(guān)注大腸桿菌的原因是______。
A.thesamplesareeasytogetA.樣本很容易得到
B.itisarepresentativeofbacteriumfoundinhumanbowelsB.它是在人類腸道中發(fā)現(xiàn)的細(xì)菌的代表
C.itisacommonbacteriumsharedbydogsandmankindinbowelsC.它是狗和人類腸道中共同存在的一種細(xì)菌
D.itisabacteriumspreadeasilybetweenhumanbeingsD.它是一種很容易在人與人之間傳播的細(xì)菌
【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】定位第三段“她決定把重點放在大腸桿菌上,這種細(xì)菌在人和狗的胃腸道中都很常見(common)”,可知,這項研究關(guān)注大腸桿菌的原因是人類和狗的胃腸道中都能找到這種細(xì)菌,句中提到了common,所以C選項正確。
【干擾項排除】
A選項在該段并沒有提到樣本很容易拿到,屬于無中生有;
B選項中的representative沒有提到,也是無中生有;
D選項也沒提到,無中生有。
23.【選項釋義】
23.WhichoneisNOTtheconclusionofthestudy?23.哪一個不是這項研究的結(jié)論?
A.Ownershavemultipledrug-resistantstrainsthantheirdogs.A.比起他們的狗,主人有多種耐藥菌株。
B.Dogsarenotlikelytospreadmultipledrug-resistantE.colitotheirowners.B.狗不太可能把多重耐藥大腸桿菌傳播給它們的主人。
C.Wecannottakeantibioticscasually,butonlywhenwereallyneed.C.我們不能隨便服用抗生素,只有在真正需要的時候才服用。
D.OwnersallowfacelickingaremorelikelytosharestrainsofE.coli.D.允許舔臉的主人更有可能感染大腸桿菌。
【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】定位第六段“根據(jù)這項研究(study),沒有證據(jù)(Therewasnoevidence)表明和狗一起睡覺或允許狗舔臉的主人更有可能攜帶大腸桿菌”可知,D選項不是這項研究的結(jié)果。
【干擾項排除】
A選項定位第四段最后一句“然而,主人比他們的狗有更多的耐藥菌株”可知,該項正確;
B選項定位第五段第一句“狗不太可能把多重耐藥性大腸桿菌傳播給它們的主人,但可能會把它們傳播給狗”可知,B項正確;
C選項定位第五段第二句“我們從中學(xué)到的是,抗生素確實會影響我們胃腸道中的細(xì)菌,我們應(yīng)該只在真正需要的時候服用(onlytakethemwhenwereallyneedto)”,可知C項正確。
24.【選項釋義】
24.AccordingtoStenske,peopleshouldpracticegeneralhygieneby______.24.斯滕斯克表示,人們應(yīng)該通過______保持個人衛(wèi)生。
A.washingtheirhandsbeforepettingthedogs
A.在撫摸狗狗之前要洗手
B.washingtheirhandsbeforecookingthemeals
B.做飯前洗手
C.severingtheirintimatebondwithpet-dogs
C.切斷了他們與寵物狗的親密關(guān)系
D.eatingdifferentfoodfromtheirdogs
D.和他們的狗吃不同的食物
【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】定位第七段“然而,這項研究確實發(fā)現(xiàn)了耐抗生素大腸桿菌與那些在撫摸狗狗后(afterpettingtheirdogs)或做飯前(beforecookingmeals)不洗手的主人之間的聯(lián)系”,以及第八段第一句“Stenske建議我們應(yīng)該運用常識(usecommonsense),保持良好的個人衛(wèi)生(practicegoodgeneralhygiene)”,綜合可知,人們應(yīng)該在撫摸狗后和做飯前洗手,來保持良好的個人衛(wèi)生;B項正確。
【干擾項排除】
A選項正好與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;
C選項定位第八段第二句“人類和狗親密的行為不會更容易傳播細(xì)菌”,可知C選項屬于反向干擾;
D選項錯誤,狗不太可能傳播大腸桿菌給人類,所以該項并不符合題干,屬于反向干擾。
25.【選項釋義】
25.Thestudyhasbroughtgoodnewstothedog-ownersinthat______.25.這項研究給養(yǎng)狗的人帶來了好消息,因為______。
A.itallowsdog-ownerstomaintaintheirintimatebondwithdogsatease
A.它可以讓狗主人輕松地與狗保持親密的關(guān)系
B.dogsandtheirownerscanbeimmunefromvirusesifkeepingintimate
B.狗和它們的主人如果保持親密關(guān)系,可以對病毒免疫
C.dogsaremorefavoritethancatsinmankind’sview
C.在人類看來,狗比貓更受歡迎
D.itprovesthatdogsaredirtierthanwhatwehaveimagined
D.證明狗比我們想象的更臟
【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】定位第八段第二句“人類和狗親密的行為不會更容易傳播細(xì)菌,這是一個好消息(goodnews),因為養(yǎng)寵物對身體和心理都有好處”,可知,這個研究帶來的好消息就是狗主人可以和狗狗保持親密的關(guān)系,A項正確。
【干擾項排除】
B、D選項沒有提到,屬于無中生有;
C選項定位文章最后一句“養(yǎng)貓的美國人比養(yǎng)狗的多,而且貓與人交往的方式與狗不同”可知,貓比狗受歡迎只是對于美國人而言,并不代表全人類,所以該項曲解原文。
11.單選題
Theyarewritingtothemanagerwith()therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.
問題1選項
A.theexceptionof
B.aviewto
C.thepurposeof
D.referenceto
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。withreferenceto“關(guān)于;根據(jù)”。句意:鑒于最近在以上地址所進(jìn)行的修理工作,他們正在給經(jīng)理寫信。結(jié)合句意,故D選項正確。
12.單選題
Itonlytakesa()ofasecondforthecomputertodothecalculationwhichahuman
willspenddaystodo.
問題1選項
A.fiction
B.reduction
C.function
D.fraction
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fiction“小說”;reduction“減少,下降”;function“功能”;fraction“小部分”。句意:電腦只需要一會就完成了人類需要幾天才能完成的運算。選項D符合題意。選項D符合題意。
13.不定項選擇題
Hamlet
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