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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Themedicinewassupposedtocureallkindsof(),rangingfromcoldstobackpains.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.compliments
B.ailments
C.implements
D.commitments
【答案】B
【解析】名詞辨析題。compliment恭維,稱贊;ailment疾病,多指小病;implement工具,器具;commitment承諾,保證。句意:據(jù)說這種藥可以治療各種各樣的疾病,從感冒到背痛都可以。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
2.單選題
ForseveraldaysIsawlittleofMr.Rochester.Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemenfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstayedtodinewithhim.Whenhisfootwaswellenough,herodeoutagreatdeal.
Duringthistime,allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimitedtooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile.Hischangesofmannerdidnotoffendme,becauseIsawthatIhadnothingtodowiththecauseofthem.
Oneevening,severaldayslater,IwasinvitedtotalktoMr.Rochesterafterdinner.Hewassittinginhisarmchair,andlookednotquitesosevere,andmuchlessgloomy.Therewasasmileonhislips,andhiseyeswerebright,probablywithwine.AsIwaslookingathim,hesuddenlyturned,andaskedme,“DoyouthinkI'mhandsome,MissEyre?”
TheanswersomehowslippedfrommytonguebeforeIrealizedit:“No,sir.”
“Ah,youreallyareunusual!Youareaquietseriouslittleperson,butyoucanbealmostrude.”
“Sir,I’msorry.Ishouldhavesaidthatbeautydoesn’tmatter,orsomethinglikethat.”
“No,youshouldn’t!Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!Youhavehonestyandfeeling.Therearenotmanygirlslikeyou.ButperhapsIgotoofast.Perhapsyouhaveawfulfaultstocounterbalanceyourfewgoodpoints.”
Ithoughttomyselfthathemighthavetoo.Heseemedtoreadmymind,andsaidquickly,“Yes,you’reright.Ihaveplentyoffaults.IwentthewrongwaywhenIwastwenty-one,andhaveneverfoundtherightpathagain.Imighthavebeenverydifferent.Imighthavebeenasgoodasyou,andperhapswiser.Iamnotabadman,takemywordforit,butIhavedonewrong.Itwasn’tmycharacter,butcircumstanceswhichweretoblame.WhydoItellyouallthis?Becauseyou’rethesortofpersonpeopletelltheirproblemsandsecretsto,becauseyou’resympatheticandgivethemhope.”
Itseemedhehadquitealottotalktome.Hedidn’tseemtoliketofinishthetalkquickly,aswasthecaseforthefirsttime.
“Don’tbeafraidofme,MissEyre,”hecontinued.“Youdon’trelaxorlaughverymuch,perhapsbecauseoftheeffectLowoodSchoolhashadonyou.Butintimeyouwillbemorenaturalwithme,andlaugh,andspeakfreely.You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh.Goodnight.”
1.Atthebeginning,MissEyre’simpressionsofMr.RochesterwereallEXCEPT(
).
2.In“allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimitedtooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse...”(the2ndparagraph),theword“about”means(
).
3.WhydidMr.Rochestersay“...andthenyoustabmeintheback!”(the7thparagraph)?
4.FromwhatMr.RochestertoldMissEyre,wecanconcludethathewantedto(
).
5.Attheendofthepassage,Mr.Rochestersounded(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.cold
B.sociable
C.warmhearted
D.changeable
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.“around”
B.“on”
C.“outside”
D.“concerning”
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.BecauseJanehadintendedtocomforthim.
B.BecauseJanehadregrettedhavingtalkedtohim.
C.BecauseJanehadaddedsomethingelsethathurthim.
D.BecauseJanehadintendedtokillhimwithaknife.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.tellherallhistroubles.
B.changeheropinionofhim.
C.tellherhislifeexperience.
D.changehiscircumstances.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.rude
B.indifferent
C.friendly
D.encouraging
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemenfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstaytodinewithhim.早上的時(shí)候,他似乎忙得團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn),在下午的時(shí)候,鄰居們來拜訪他,有時(shí)還留下來和他一起吃飯。”第二段第一句“...whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile.有時(shí)候他會(huì)冷冷地從我身邊經(jīng)過,有時(shí)候會(huì)有禮貌地向我微笑和鞠躬?!庇纱丝梢酝茢喑隽_切斯特先生有時(shí)候很冷漠,而且善變。故排除選項(xiàng)A、B和選項(xiàng)D。答案選C符合題意。
2.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)句意“在此期間,我對(duì)他的認(rèn)知僅限于在房子周圍偶爾的照面,羅切斯特先生有時(shí)候冷冷地從我身邊經(jīng)過,有時(shí)候會(huì)有禮貌地向我微笑和鞠躬”??芍皁ccasionalmeeting偶爾的照面”的修飾詞是about引導(dǎo)的介詞短語,表示地點(diǎn)范圍。根據(jù)文章后面幾段對(duì)于兩位主角見面的細(xì)節(jié)描寫,可以推斷出“aboutthehouse”是“在房子周圍”。故正確答案選A。
3.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第六段中簡(jiǎn)說“先生,對(duì)不起。我應(yīng)該說美貌并不重要,或者類似的話”。接著第七段第一句話羅切斯特先生的回答:“No,youshouldn’t!Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!Youhavehonestyandfeeling…不,你不會(huì)。我認(rèn)為你在批評(píng)我的外表,你背后給我捅小刀子。你很誠實(shí)有感情?!彼?,需要我們理解的部分是羅切斯特先生聽到簡(jiǎn)解釋性的回答后,認(rèn)為是對(duì)他的安慰,因此說出“你在背后給我捅刀子”之類的話。這一表達(dá)是一種暗喻性的說法,D和B說法過于絕對(duì)。選項(xiàng)C文章并沒有提到。故A符合文章意思。
4.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第八段“IwentthewrongwaywhenIwastwenty-one,andhaveneverfoundtherightpathagain.在我21歲時(shí)我走錯(cuò)了路,就再也沒有回到正道?!焙汀癐twasn’tmycharacter,butcircumstanceswhichweretoblame.這不是我的性格,是環(huán)境使然?!边@些是羅切斯特先生對(duì)簡(jiǎn)說的話,講述他的人生經(jīng)歷,解釋這是環(huán)境所致,目的是為了改變簡(jiǎn)對(duì)他的看法。故正確答案選B。
5.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章末段“You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh.你就像籠子里的鳥兒。當(dāng)你飛出籠子,你將飛得更高”。由此可知,羅切斯特先生說的話是對(duì)于簡(jiǎn)的一種鼓勵(lì)。故正確答案選D。
3.單選題
Dogownersmust()thedog’swasteincontainersprovidedthroughoutthepark.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.pickup
B.setaside
C.disposeof
D.takeoff
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)pickup“撿起;獲得;收拾”;B選項(xiàng)setaside“留出;駁回,撤銷;不顧”;C選項(xiàng)disposeof“處理;轉(zhuǎn)讓;解決;吃光;除掉;賣掉”;D選項(xiàng)takeoff“起飛;脫下;離開;突然成功”。句意:養(yǎng)狗人必須用公園內(nèi)提供的容器處理狗的排泄物。A選項(xiàng)pickup應(yīng)該更側(cè)重于撿起狗狗拉在地上的排泄物,而題干中說到了在容器內(nèi),在容器內(nèi)處理狗狗的排泄物更適合,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Theemphasisonexaminationsisbyfarthe()worstformofcompetitioninschools.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.negligent
B.edible
C.fabulous
D.disproportionate
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。negligent“疏忽的;大意的”;edible“可食用的”;fabulous“難以置信的;極好的”;disproportionate“不成比例的”,根據(jù)句子意思可知此處應(yīng)該填一個(gè)形容詞,并且是表示貶義的形容詞來形容“強(qiáng)調(diào)考試”這種糟糕的競(jìng)賽方式,分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有disproportionate最恰當(dāng)。句意:對(duì)考試的強(qiáng)調(diào)是目前學(xué)校里面最不合理……競(jìng)賽方式。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。
5.單選題
Hedidnotfeelobligedto()totherulesthatappliedtoordinarymen.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.confront
B.conform
C.confine
D.console
【答案】B
【解析】confront面對(duì),遭遇;conform遵守,符合;confine限制;console安慰。句意:他覺得沒有義務(wù)遵守適用于普通人的規(guī)則。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
6.單選題
Herletterwasinsuchacausalscrawl,andinsuchpaleink,thatitwasalmost(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.unintelligible
B.vague
C.ambiguous
D.illegible
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。unintelligible“莫名其妙的”;vague“模糊的,含糊的”;ambiguous“模糊不清的”;illegible“難辨認(rèn)的;字跡模糊的”。句意:她信中的字跡非常隨意,加上墨水很淡,幾乎難以辨認(rèn)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
7.填空題
"Opinion"isawordthatisusedcarelesslytoday.Itisusedtorefertomattersoftaste(1),andjudgment.Thiscasualusewouldprobablycauselittleconfusionifpeopledidn't(2)toomuchimportancetoopinion.Unfortunately,mostdoattachgreatimportance(3)it."Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyours,"and"Everyone'sentitledtohisopinion,"are(4)expressions.Infact,anyonewhowouldchallengeanother'sopinionislikelytobebrandedintolerant.
Isthatlabelaccurate?Isitintoleranttochallengeanother’sopinion?It(5)onwhatdefinitionofopinionyouhaveinmind.Forexample,youmayaska(6)"WhatdoyouthinkofthenewFordcars?"Andhemayreply,"Inmy(7),they'reugly."Inthiscase,itwouldnotonlybe(8)tochallengehisstatement,butfoolish.Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionliemeanshispersonal(9),amatteroftaste.Andastheoldsayinggoes,'It'spointlesstoargueaboutmattersoftaste."
Butconsiderthisverydifferentuseoftheterm,anewspaper(10)thattheSupremeCourthasdelivereditsopinioninacontroversialcase.Obviouslythejusticesdidnotsharetheirpersonalpreferences,theirmere(11)anddislikes,theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation.
Mostofwhatisreferredtoasopinionfallssomewhere(12)thesetwoextremes.Itisnotanexpressionoftaste.Norisitcarefuljudgment.Yetitmay(13)elementsofboth.Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat,withorwithout(14)theevidence.
Iseveryoneentitledtohisopinion?Ofcourse,thisisnotonly(15),butguaranteed.Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers.
【答案】1.belief
2.attach
3.to
4.common
5.depends
6.friend
7.opinion
8.intolerant
9.preference
10.reports
11.likes
12.between
13.contain
14.examining
15.permitted
【解析】1.文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句提到“Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat...這是一種隨意達(dá)成的觀點(diǎn)或信念”中“belief”及該句前后出現(xiàn)的judgment正好與之形成對(duì)應(yīng),故此處選belief。
2.“attachimportancetosth.著重于…重視”為固定搭配,同時(shí)由下文“…mostdoattachgreatimportance…”可知此處選attach。
3.“attachimportancetosth.著重于…重視”為固定搭配,故此處選to。
4.common“常見的;通常的”。前文提到“大多數(shù)人都很重視觀點(diǎn)”,"Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyours我與你都有'同樣的權(quán)利去堅(jiān)持各自的觀點(diǎn)”"Everyone'sentitledtohisopinion每個(gè)人都有資格堅(jiān)持自己的觀點(diǎn)"可知此處表示“常見表達(dá)方式”,故此處選common。
5.“dependonsth.依賴于,取決于”,固定搭配,根據(jù)前后文句意:這個(gè)標(biāo)簽是正確的嗎?質(zhì)疑別人的觀點(diǎn)是心胸狹隘的嗎?這取決于你對(duì)“觀點(diǎn)”的定義,由此可知,此處應(yīng)選depends。
6.根據(jù)上下文句意:比如,你可能會(huì)問一個(gè)…“你覺得新款福特車型怎么樣”,他可能回答“在我看來有點(diǎn)丑”,可知此處選friend。
7.“inone’sopinion在某人看來”為固定短語,故此處選opinion。
8.前文提到“Isitintoleranttochallengeanother’sopinion?挑戰(zhàn)他人的觀點(diǎn)是心胸狹隘的嗎?”緊接著作者舉例,正好與“intolerant”對(duì)應(yīng),故選intolerant。
9.下文“amatteroftaste一個(gè)喜好”是對(duì)空格處的補(bǔ)充說明,此處句意為:因?yàn)楹苊黠@,從意見上來說,謊言意味著他的個(gè)人偏好,也就是個(gè)人品味,可知選項(xiàng)preference“偏愛,喜好”最符合題意,故此處選preference。
10.前文提到“anewspaper”及下文新聞中的具體內(nèi)容可知,此處選擇reports“報(bào)道”最符合題意,故此處選reports。
11.下文提到“anddislikes和厭惡”,由and可知此處應(yīng)選擇與“dislike”相對(duì)應(yīng)的詞,此處句意為:顯然,大法官們并沒有分享他們的個(gè)人偏好、他們的喜歡和不喜歡,故此處選likes。
12.根據(jù)上下文“fallsomewhere落在某地”“thesetwoextremes這兩個(gè)極端”可知這里指“在……之間”,故此處選between。
13.根據(jù)上下文句意:它不是喜好的表達(dá),也不是謹(jǐn)慎的判斷。然而,它可能同時(shí)包含這兩個(gè)要素,可知此處選“contain包含,容納”最符合題意,故選contain。
14.上下文句意:這是一種觀點(diǎn)或信念,無論是否有審查證據(jù);介詞without后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞,可知此處選examining“檢查;審查”最符合題意,故此處選examining。
15.上下文句意為:每個(gè)人都有資格堅(jiān)持自己的意見嗎?當(dāng)然,這不僅是允許的,而且是有保證的;結(jié)合短語“notonly...butalso...不僅……而且”的用法,可知此處應(yīng)選擇與“guaranteed被保證”意義相應(yīng)的詞,故此處選permitted“被允許”。
8.翻譯題
繼續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村稅費(fèi)改革,減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān),保護(hù)農(nóng)民利益。
1996年,世界上海拔最高的現(xiàn)代化的、多功能的大型圖書館西藏自治區(qū)圖書館建成開館。
中國不尋求霸權(quán)或支配世界事務(wù),而是倡導(dǎo)建立國際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序。
不堅(jiān)決懲治腐敗,黨同人民群眾的血肉聯(lián)系就會(huì)受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p害,黨的執(zhí)政地位就有喪失的危險(xiǎn),黨就有可能走向自我毀滅。
維護(hù)祖國統(tǒng)一事關(guān)中華民族的根本利益。中國人民將義無反顧地捍衛(wèi)國家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整,絕不允許任何人以任何方式把臺(tái)灣從中國分裂出去。
【答案】Continuetopushforwardthereformofruraltaxesandfees,toalleviatefarmers’burdensandprotecttheinterestsofthefarmers.
In1996,alargemodemandmulti-functionallibraryofthehighestelevationintheworld,namelytheTibetAutonomousRegionLibrary,wasbuiltandopened.
Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyordominanceoverworldaffairs,butadvocatestoestablishanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.
Withoutresolutelypunishingcorruption,theflesh-bloodrelationshipbetweenourPartyandthepeoplewillbeseverelydamaged,therulingstatusofourPartyruntheriskoflossandourPartyislikelytoheadtowardself-destruction.
TosafeguardnationalunitybearsonthefundamentalinterestoftheChinesenation.WeChinesepeoplewillsafeguardourstatesovereigntyandterritorialintegritywithfirmresolve.WewillneverallowanyonetoseparateTaiwanfromChinainanyway.
9.單選題
Thetownwas(
)afterfiftyyears.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.exclusive
B.subsequent
C.invariable
D.resolute
【答案】C
【解析】exclusive獨(dú)有的,排外的;subsequent后來的,隨后的;invariable不變的;resolute堅(jiān)決的,果斷的。句意:五十年后,這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)還是老樣子。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
10.單選題
Totakerevengeofthedefeatlastyear,eachplayerwasmakinghis()towinthematch.Eventheirfanswerecheeringforthem.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.setback
B.endeavor
C.remnant
D.distinction
【答案】B
【解析】名詞辨析題。setback挫敗,退步;endeavor努力,嘗試;remnant剩余;distinction區(qū)別,差別。句意:為了彌補(bǔ)去年的失敗,每個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員都在努力贏得比賽。甚至他們的球迷也在為他們歡呼。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
11.單選題
Whenbusinessis(
)thereisusuallyanobviousincreaseinunemployment.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.degraded
B.depressed
C.reduced
D.lessened
【答案】B
【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)degrade“貶低,降低”;B選項(xiàng)depress“壓抑,使沮喪,使蕭條”;C選項(xiàng)reduce“減少,降低”;D選項(xiàng)lessen“減少,減輕”。句意:當(dāng)商業(yè)蕭條的時(shí)候,失業(yè)率通常會(huì)明顯上升。選項(xiàng)B更符合邏輯。
12.問答題
WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.
Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.
Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardtemplates(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday’sevents.Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.
Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplainwhythe“standardtemplates”ofthenewsroomseemalientomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskthesamequestions.
RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey’relesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinacommunity.
Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite,sotheirworktendstoreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthiselite.Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.
Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityprojectdedicatedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.
1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
2.WhattriggersAmericans’distrustintheirnewspapersaccordingtothefindingsofthejournalismcredibilityproject?
3.Whatdoes“standardtemplates”(Para3)referto?
4.WhatistherootofAmerican’sdistrustintheirnewspapers?
5.Whatshouldthenewspaperindustrydotosolvetheproblemconcerningreportersaccordingtotheauthor?
【答案】答:
1.Itisaboutcausesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspaper.
2.Low-levelerrorsandpuzzlementaboutreaders’realwants.
3.Aconventionalstorylinewithaready-madenarrativestructure.
4.Thedifferentworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.
5.Ensurereportersdiversityinoutlook,values,education,andclass.
【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章主要關(guān)于什么?”。文章第一段開頭指出WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?(為什么這么多美國人不相信他們?cè)趫?bào)紙上看到的東西?),接著下面幾段都是在研究美國人不相信報(bào)紙的原因,所以答案為Itisaboutcausesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspaper(它是關(guān)于公眾對(duì)報(bào)紙失望的原因)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)新聞可信度項(xiàng)目的調(diào)查結(jié)果,是什么引發(fā)了美國人對(duì)他們的報(bào)紙的不信任?”。文章第二段指出thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.(這次新聞機(jī)構(gòu)可信度調(diào)查計(jì)劃結(jié)果只獲得了一些低層次的發(fā)現(xiàn),比如新聞報(bào)道中的事實(shí)錯(cuò)誤,拼寫或語法錯(cuò)誤,和這些低層次發(fā)現(xiàn)交織在一起的還有許多令人撓頭的困惑,譬如讀者到底想讀些什么),由此可知答案為L(zhǎng)ow-levelerrorsandpuzzlementaboutreaders’realwants(低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤和對(duì)讀者真實(shí)需求的困惑)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“第三段的‘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模板’指的是什么?”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段,最后一句指出Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.(換句話說,在媒介機(jī)構(gòu)的新聞采編室中存在著一套約定俗成的寫作模式,為新聞報(bào)道提供了主干框架以及可直接套用的敘述結(jié)構(gòu)),由此可知答案為Aconventionalstorylinewithaready-madenarrativestructure(有現(xiàn)成敘述結(jié)構(gòu)的傳統(tǒng)故事線)。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“美國人對(duì)報(bào)紙不信任的根源是什么?”。根據(jù)第六段最后一句Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.(人們對(duì)新聞媒體令人震驚的不信任,其根源并不是報(bào)道失實(shí)或低下的報(bào)道技巧,而是記者與讀者的世界觀每天都發(fā)生著沖突)可知,答案為Thedifferentworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders(記者和讀者的不同世界觀)。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“作者認(rèn)為,報(bào)業(yè)應(yīng)該如何解決記者的問題?”。文章最后一句指出Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.(如果新聞界真的注意到了問題的關(guān)鍵,它就應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步開放其多樣化項(xiàng)目,這個(gè)項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)在還只單純考慮招收不同種族和性別的員工,而進(jìn)一步尋找那些世界觀、價(jià)值觀、教育水平和社會(huì)階層大相徑庭的各種記者),可知答案為Ensurereportersdiversityinoutlook,values,education,andclass(確保記者在觀點(diǎn)、價(jià)值觀、教育和階層上的多樣性)。
13.翻譯題
Informulatinghypotheses,acommonerroristheuncriticalacceptanceofapparentcommonsensebutuntestedassumptions.Thusinthefieldofpsychology,itwasformanyyearsautomaticallyassumedthatthemaincauseofforgetfulnessistheintervaloftimeelapsingbetweensuccessiveexposurestoalearningstimulus.Experimentation,however,wassubsequentlyundertaken,andseveralotherfactors,suchasmotivationandthestrengthoreffectivenessofthestimulus,turnedouttohaveanevermoreimportantbearingontheproblem.Asomewhatsimilarerrorarisesfromneglectofmultiplecauses.Thustwoeventsmaybefoundtobeassociated,e.g.whentheincidenceofadiseaseinasmokyindustrialsectorofacityissignificantlyhigherthanthatinthesmoke-freezones,aresearchworkermightinferthattheexistenceofthediseaseisduetothesmokinessoftheareawheninfactitmightequallywellbefoundinotherreasons,suchastheunder-nourishmentoftheinhabitantsorover-crowding.
【答案】【參考譯文】在提出假設(shè)的過程中,一個(gè)常見的錯(cuò)誤是不加批判地接受表面上是常識(shí)但未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的假設(shè)。因此,在心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域,多年來不經(jīng)思索地認(rèn)為健忘的主要原因是消逝在連續(xù)受到學(xué)習(xí)刺激之間的時(shí)間間隔。但是后來的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明了還有其他幾個(gè)因素在這個(gè)問題中起重要的作用,比如動(dòng)機(jī)和刺激的強(qiáng)度和效力。一個(gè)有些類似的錯(cuò)誤源自忽視原因的多樣性。因此,兩個(gè)事件可能會(huì)被發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)聯(lián),例如,當(dāng)一種疾病的發(fā)病率在煙霧彌漫的城市工業(yè)區(qū)明顯高于無煙區(qū)域時(shí),研究人員可能會(huì)推論疾病的存在是由于該地區(qū)的煙霧的關(guān)系,而事實(shí)上可能是由于其他的同樣可以造成這種疾病的原因,比如居民的營養(yǎng)不良或過分擁擠。
14.單選題
ThechangingprofileofacityintheUnitedStatesisapparentintheshiftingdefinitionsusedbytheUnitedStatesBureauoftheCensus.In1870thecensusofficiallydistinguishedthenation’s“urban”fromits“rural”populationforthefirsttime.“Urbanpopulation”wasdefinedaspersonslivingintownsof8,000inhabitantsormore.Butafter1900itmeantpersonslivinginincorporatedplaceshaving2,500ormoreinhabitants.
Then,in1950theCensusBureauradicallychangeditsdefinitionof“urban”totakeaccountofthenewvaguenessofcityboundaries.Inadditiontopersonslivinginincorporatedunitsof2,500ormore,thecensusnowincludedthosewholivedinunincorporatedunitsofthatsize,andalsoallpersonslivinginthedenselysettledurbanfringe,includingbothincorporatedandunincorporatedareaslocatedaroundcitiesof50,000inhabitantsormore.Eachsuchunit,conceivedasanintegratedeconomicandsocialunitwithalargepopulationnucleus,wasnamedaStandardMetropolitanStatisticalArea(SMSA).
EachSMSAwouldcontainatleastonecentralcitywith50,000inhabitantsormoreortwocitieshavingsharedboundariesandconstituting,forgeneraleconomicandsocialpurposes,asinglecommunitywithacombinedpopulationofatleast50,000,thesmallerofwhichmusthaveapopulationofatleast15,000.Suchanareaincludedthecountryinwhichthecentralcityislocated,andadjacentcountriesthatarefoundtobemetropolitanincharacterandeconomicallyandsociallyintegratedwiththecountryofthecentralcity.By1970,abouttwo-thirdsofthepopulationoftheUnitedStateswaslivingintheseurbanizedareas,andofthatfiguremorethanhalfwerelivingoutsidethecentralcities.
WhiletheCensusBureauandtheUnitedStatesgovernmentusedthetermSMSA(by1969therewere233ofthem),socialscientistswerealsousingnewtermstodescribetheelusive,vaguelydefinedareasreachingoutfromwhatusedtobesimple“towns”and“cities”.Ahostoftermscameintouse:“metropolitanregions”,“polynucleatedpopulationgroups”,“conurbations”,“metropolitanclusters”,“megalopolises”,andsoon.
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
2.Priorto1900,howmanyinhabitantswouldatownhavetohavebeforebeingdefinedasurban?
3.Accordingtothepassage,whydidtheCensusBureaurevisethedefinitionofurbanin1950?
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofanSMSA?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.HowcitiesintheUnitedStatesbegananddeveloped.
B.Solutionstoovercrowdingincities.
C.Thechangingdefinitionofanurbanarea.
D.HowtheUnitedStatesCensusBureauconductsacensus.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.2,500
B.8,000
C.15,000
D.50,000
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Citybordershadbecomelessdistinct.
B.Citieshadundergoneradicalsocialchange
C.Electedofficialscouldnotagreeonanacceptabledefinition.
D.Newbusinesseshadrelocatedtolargercities
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Ithasapopulationofatleast50,000.
B.Itcanincludeacity’soutlyingregions.
C.Itcanincludeunincorporatedregions.
D.Itconsistsofatleasttwocities
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:D
【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?1.文章主要討論了什么?
A.HowcitiesintheUnitedStatesbegananddeveloped.A.美國城市是如何開始和發(fā)展的。
B.Solutionstoovercrowdingincities.B.城市過度擁擠的解決方案。
C.Thechangingdefinitionofanurbanarea.C.不斷變化的城市區(qū)域定義。
D.HowtheUnitedStatesCensusBureauconductsacensus.D.美國人口普查局如何進(jìn)行人口普查。
【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。
【解題思路】首先,定位文章首尾段中心句,首段第一句“美國人口普查局使用的定義發(fā)生了變化,這明顯反映了美國城市面貌的變化”,和末段第一句“當(dāng)人口普查局和美國政府使用SMSA這個(gè)術(shù)語時(shí),社會(huì)科學(xué)家們也在使用新的術(shù)語來描述那些難以捉摸、定義模糊的區(qū)域,這些區(qū)域從過去簡(jiǎn)單的‘城鎮(zhèn)’和‘城市’延伸出來”,結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是“城市”的定義,關(guān)鍵詞為definition。C項(xiàng)“不斷變化的城市區(qū)域定義”符合文章中心內(nèi)容。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“美國城市是如何開始和發(fā)展的”和D項(xiàng)“美國人口普查局如何進(jìn)行人口普查”只是在文中提到一部分,以偏概全;
B項(xiàng)“城市過度擁擠的解決方案”在文中沒有提到,無中生有。
第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
2.Priorto1900,howmanyinhabitantswouldatownhavetohavebeforebeingdefinedasurban?2.在1900年之前,一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)需要有多少居民才能被定義為城市?
A.2,500A.2500人
B.8,000B.8000人
C.15,000C.15000人
D.50,000D.50000人
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞1990定位至第一段最后兩句“‘城市人口’的定義是居住在人口有8000或8000以上的城鎮(zhèn)中的人。但在1900年之后,它指的是居住在擁有2500或更多居民的合并地區(qū)的人?!保瑥闹锌芍?,1900年以前,城鎮(zhèn)居民人口數(shù)量達(dá)到8000人或以上的將其定義為城市。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“2500人”是1900年以后的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),張冠李戴;
C項(xiàng)“15000人”和D項(xiàng)“50000人”是1950年以后的定義,張冠李戴。
第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
3.Accordingtothepassage,whydidtheCensusBureaurevisethedefinitionofurbanin1950?3.根據(jù)這篇文章,為什么人口普查局在1950年修改了城市的定義?
A.Citybordershadbecomelessdistinct.A.城市邊界變得不那么明顯了。
B.Citieshadundergoneradicalsocialchange.B.城市經(jīng)歷了徹底的社會(huì)變革。
C.Electedofficialscouldnotagreeonanacceptabledefinition.C.民選官員無法就一個(gè)可接受的定義達(dá)成一致。
D.Newbusinesseshadrelocatedtolargercities.D.新的企業(yè)已經(jīng)遷往較大的城市。
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“然后,在1950年,考慮到城市邊界的新的模糊性(newvagueness),人口普查局徹底改變了‘城市’的定義”,從中可知,人口普查局在1950年修改了城市的定義是因?yàn)槌鞘羞吔绲哪:?,A項(xiàng)“城市邊界變得不那么明顯了”中的lessdistinct是vagueness的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“城市經(jīng)歷了徹底的社會(huì)變革”、C項(xiàng)“民選官員無法就一個(gè)可接受的定義達(dá)成一致”和D項(xiàng)“新的企業(yè)已經(jīng)遷往較大的城市”在文中沒有提及,無中生有。
第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofanSMSA?4.關(guān)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大都市統(tǒng)計(jì)區(qū)域,下列哪項(xiàng)是不正確的?
A.Ithasapopulationofatleast50,000.A.它至少有5萬人口。
B.Itcanincludeacity’soutlyingregions.B.它可以包括一個(gè)城市的邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。
C.Itcanincludeunincorporatedregions.C.它可以包括未合并的地區(qū)。
D.Itconsistsofatleasttwocities.D.它至少由兩個(gè)城市組成。
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第一句“每個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大都市統(tǒng)計(jì)區(qū)域包含一個(gè)至少有50000居民或以上的中心城市(atleastonecentralcity),或者為了一般的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)目的而共享邊界和律法的兩個(gè)城市(twocities)……”,從中可知,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大都市統(tǒng)計(jì)區(qū)域包含至少一個(gè)50000人口以上的中心城市或者兩個(gè)城市,D項(xiàng)“它至少由兩個(gè)城市組成”表述不清。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“它至少有5萬人口”根據(jù)解題思路可知,該項(xiàng)符合原文,屬于反向干擾;
B項(xiàng)“它可以包括一個(gè)城市的邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)”和C項(xiàng)“它可以包括未合并的地區(qū)”,根據(jù)第二段中的“……人口普查現(xiàn)在包括那些住在這種規(guī)模的未合并地區(qū)的人,也包括所有住在人口稠密的城市邊緣地區(qū)的人(inthedenselysettledurbanfringe)……每一個(gè)這樣的地區(qū)被命名為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大都市統(tǒng)計(jì)區(qū)域”,可知該項(xiàng)符合原文,屬于反向干擾。
15.單選題
Wealthypeoplesometimesfeela()tostealthingstheycaneasilyaffordtobuy.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.priority
B.compulsion
C.privilege
D.repulsion
【答案】B
【解析】名詞辨析題。priority優(yōu)先;compulsion沖動(dòng);privilege特權(quán);repulsion排斥,厭惡。句意:富人有時(shí)會(huì)有一種沖動(dòng),想要偷一些他們很容易買得起的東西。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。
16.單選題
TheelderlyRussiansfindithardtoliveontheirstate().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.pensions
B.earnings
C.salaries
D.donations
【答案】A
【解析】句意:老年俄羅斯公民發(fā)現(xiàn),依靠國家的養(yǎng)老金生活很艱難。
考查名詞辨析。pension養(yǎng)老金;earning收益;工資;salary薪水;donation捐贈(zèng);捐款。因此A項(xiàng)正確。
17.單選題
MissRobintriedto(
)allerrorsfromthetypescriptbygoingthroughitverycarefully.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.object
B.duplicate
C.approve
D.eliminate
【答案】D
【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“反對(duì),抗議”;B選項(xiàng)“復(fù)制,重復(fù)”;C選項(xiàng)“同意,贊成”;D選項(xiàng)“消除,清除,淘汰”;依據(jù)句意‘羅賓小姐仔細(xì)檢查打字稿,力求消除所有的錯(cuò)誤’確定D選項(xiàng)正確。
18.單選題
16-20
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Itisageneticdisorder.
B.Itisarespiratoryconditioninpigs.
C.Itisanillnessfrombirdstohumans.
D.Itisagastricailment.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Eatingpork.
B.Raisingpigs.
C.Eatingchicken.
D.Breedingbirds.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Runningnose.
B.Inappetence.
C.Painsallover.
D.Diarrhea.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Tostayfromcrowds.
B.Toseethedoctorimmediately.
C.Toavoidmedications.
D.Togotothenearbyclinic20.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Itisadebate.
B.ItisaTVprogram.
C.Itisaconsultation.
D.Itisaworkshop.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】W:HellodoctorSmith,(20)welcometoourprogram“HealthJourney”.Couldyoutellussomethingaboutswineflu?
M:Well,(16)it’sacommonrespiratoryailmentinpigsthatdoesn’tusuallyspreadtopeople.
W:Butwhyaresomanypeopleinfected?
M:Unlikemostcases,thisfluvirusappearstobeasub-typenotseenbeforeinhumansorpigs.Ithasgeneticmaterialfrompigs,birdsandhumans,accordingtotheWHO.
W:Thenwhyisitcalledswineflu?Whypigsarethecarriersofthisvirus?
M:Um.Isclosertosaythatpigswerethemixingballsforthisvirus.
W:Whatdoesitmean?
M:Imeanbirdscannotpassbirdflutopeople.Butpigsaresusceptibletogettingfluvirusesthatinfectedbirds.Thevirusinsidetheinfectedpigmightmutatetoaformthatcouldalsoinfectothermammals.
W:Wow,socomplicated.Bytheway,canwecatchswineflufromeatingpork?
M:Actually,illpigsarenotallowedtoenterthemarket.Cookingalsokillsthevirus.(17)Onlypeoplewhoworkwithpigscancatchthevirus.
W:Howdotheyfeelifinfected?
M:(18)Themostcommonsymptomsarefever,fatigue,lackofappetiteandcoughing.Althoughsomepeoplealsodeveloprunnynose,sorethroat,vomitingordiarrhea.
W:Whatshouldwedoifwehavethesesymptoms?
M:(19)Stayhomefromworkorschool.Don’tgetonaplane.Callyourdoctorstoaskaboutthebesttreatment.Don’tsimplyshowupattheclinicorhospitalthatisunpreparedforyourarrival.
W:Say,theantiviralstudy.Howisitgoing?
M:ThisstrainofswinefludoesappearsensitivetotheantiviraldrugsRelenza(瑞樂沙)andTamiflu(達(dá)菲),butnottoAmantadineandRemantadine.
W:We’velearnedalottonight.Thanksforyourcoming.DoctorSmith.
M:It'smypleasure.
16.Whatdoweknowaboutswineflu?
【解析】對(duì)話開始提到豬流感是“一種豬身上很常見的呼吸道疾病,通常不會(huì)傳染給人”。故選B。
17.Whatmaycausepeopletohaveswineflu?
【解析】對(duì)話中男士說
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