考研考博-英語(yǔ)-揚(yáng)州環(huán)境資源職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-揚(yáng)州環(huán)境資源職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

"Theword‘protection'isnolongertaboo".Thisshortsentence,utteredbyFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozylatelastmonth,mayhavelaunchedaneweraineconomichistory.Why?Fordecades,Westernleadershavebelievedthatloweringtradebarriersandtariffswasanaturalgood.Doingso,theyreasoned,wouldleadtogreatereconomicefficiencyandproductivity,whichinturnwouldimprovehumanwelfare.Championingfreetradethusbecameamoral,notjustaneconomic,cause.

Theseleaders,ofcourse,weren'tactingoutofunselfishness.Theyknewtheireconomieswerethemostcompetitive,sothey'dprofitmostfromliberalization.AnddevelopingcountriesfearedthattheireconomieswouldbeswampedbysuperiorWesternproductivity.Today,however,thetableshaveturned—thoughfewacknowledgeit.TheWestcontinuestopreachfreetrade,butpracticesitlessandless.Asia,meanwhile,continuestopleadforspecialprotectionbutpracticesmoreandmorefreetrade.

That'swhySarkozy'swordwassoimportant:hefinallyinjectedsomehonestyintothetradedebate.ThetruthisthatlargepartsoftheWestarelosingfaithinfreetrade,thoughfewleadersadmitit.Someeconomistsaremorehonest.PaulKrugmanisoneofthefewwillingtoacknowledgethatprotectionistargumentsarereturning.Intheshortrun,therewillbewinnersandloserswillbeintheWest.EconomistsinthedevelopedworldusedtolovequotingJosephSchumpeter,whosaidthat"creativedestruction"wasanessentialpartofcapitalistgrowth.Buttheyalwaysassumedthatdestructionwouldhappenoverthere.WhenWesternworkersbeganlosingjobs,suddenlytheirleadersbegantolosefaithintheirprinciples.Thingshaveyettoreversecompletely.Butthere'sclearlyanegativetrendinWesterntheoryandpractice.

Alittlehypocrisyisnotinitselfaseriousproblem.TherealproblemisthatWesterngovernmentscontinuetoinsistthattheyretaincontrolofthekeyglobaleconomicandfinancialinstitutionswhiledriftingawayfromgloballiberalization.Lookatwhat'shappeningattheIMF(InternationalMonetaryFund).TheEuropeanshavedemandedthattheykeepthepostofmanagingdirector.Butalltoooften,Westernofficialsputtheirowninterestsaboveeveryoneelse'swhentheydominatetheseglobalinstitutions.

ThetimehasthereforecomefortheAsians—whoareclearlythenewwinnersintoday'sglobaleconomy—toprovidemoreintellectualleadershipinsupportingfreetrade.Sadly,theyhaveyettodoso.UnlessAsiansspeakout,however,there'sarealdangerthatAdamSmith'sprinciples,whichhavebroughtsomuchgoodtotheworld,couldgraduallydie.Andthatwouldleaveallofusworseoff,inonewayoranother.

1.Itcanbeinferredthat"protection"(Line1,Para.1)means（）

2.TheWesternleaderspreachfreetradebecause（）

3.By"thetableshaveturned"(Line3-4,Para.2)theauthorimpliesthat（）

4.TheWesterneconomistsusedtoliketheideaof"creativedestruction"becauseit（）

5.Theauthoruses"IMF"asanexampletoillustratethepointthat（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.improvingeconomicefficiency

B.endingthefree-tradepractice

C.loweringmoralstandard

D.raisingtradetariffs

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisbeneficialtotheireconomies

B.itissupportedbydevelopingcountries

C.itmakesthemkeepfaithintheirprinciples

D.itisadvocatedbyJosephSchumpeterandAdamSmith

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theWesternleadershaveturnedself-centered

B.theAsianleadershavebecomeadvocatesoffreetrade

C.thedevelopedeconomieshaveturnedlesscompetitive

D.thedevelopingeconomieshavebecomemoreindependent

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.setalong-termratherthanshort-termgoal

B.wasanessentialpartofcapitalistdevelopment

C.entailedapositiveratherthannegativementality

D.wasmeanttobethedestructionofdevelopingeconomics

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Europeanleadersarereluctanttoadmittheyarehypocritical

B.thereisaninconsistencybetweenWesterntheoryandpractice

C.globalinstitutionsarenotbeingledbytrueglobalizationadvocates

D.Europeancountries'interestsarebeingignoredbyeconomicleaders

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:信息推斷題。第一段的首句提到，protection不再是一種禁忌，這將開啟一個(gè)新時(shí)代，以及下文提到的幾十年來，西方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一直認(rèn)為，降低貿(mào)易壁壘和關(guān)稅是一件自然的好事。他們認(rèn)為，這樣做將導(dǎo)致更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效率和生產(chǎn)力，從而改善人類福利。根據(jù)文章可推測(cè)，下文提到的都是與protection意義相反的內(nèi)容。所以這里的保護(hù)指的是提高貿(mào)易關(guān)稅。選項(xiàng)D正確。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句"...sothey'dprofitmostfromliberalization"他們將從自由化中獲得最大的利益。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家知道他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)是最具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的，然而這一形勢(shì)發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變，也就是說發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力有所下降。選項(xiàng)C正確。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段的"theyalwaysassumedthatdestructionwouldhappenoverthere."他們（發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家）總是假設(shè)毀滅會(huì)發(fā)生。以及第三段的最后一句“Butthere'sclearlyanegativetrendinWesterntheoryandpractice.”但在西方的理論和實(shí)踐中，顯然存在著一種消極的趨勢(shì)。所以西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家過去喜歡引用這句話的原因是因?yàn)樗馕吨l(fā)展中的經(jīng)濟(jì)將會(huì)被毀滅，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

第5題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“IMF”定位到第四段，根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“Westernofficialsputtheirowninterestsaboveeveryoneelse'swhentheydominatetheseglobalinstitutions.”但當(dāng)西方官員主導(dǎo)這些全球機(jī)構(gòu)時(shí)，他們往往把自己的利益置于所有人的利益之上。所以作者以IMF為例是為了說明全球機(jī)構(gòu)不是由真正的全球化倡導(dǎo)者領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的，選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.單選題

Theterm"folkcustom"isverybroad,butithasbeenusedbyfolkloriststorefertothosesharedpatternsofbehaviorsinaparticularfolkgroup.Thosepatternsofbehaviorsareregardedasthetraditionalandestablishedwaysofmembersoftheparticularfolkgroup.FolkcustomistransmittedbyWordofmouth,demonstrationorimitation.ThefolkloreandfolkcustomsofEnglandarerichandvaried.Manycustomsareancient,andpasseddowngenerationaftergenerationfromourGermanicandCelticancestors.Othersaremoremodemcreations.

Oneofthegreatestproblemsinassessingmostaccountsoffolkcustomsisthattheytendtogiveonlytheantiquary'spointofview.Afterall,tomostobservers,thepeopletheywerelookingatweresimpleandilliterate,unmindfulofthetruesignificanceofthecustomstheyhadpreserved.Whyquestionthematlengthiftheydidn'tunderstandtheessentialnatureofwhattheyweredoing?Soafolkloristislikelytoemphasizeaspectsofatraditionwhichreflecthisorherowninterestsorwhichfitinwithpreconceivedideas,whilepossiblyignoringorgivingonlypassingmentiontoaspectswhichmay,infact,beofequalimportance.

Oneaspectwhichgenerallygetsleftoutofaccountsistheviewpointoftheparticipantsthemselves:forinstance,whytheyindulgeinaparticularactivityataparticulartimeofyearoroftheirlivesandwhatfeelingstheyexperiencewhiledoingso.Andnow,ideasderivingfromfolklorestudiesateso-widespreadthattheymayeasilyhavebecomeanintegralpartoftheattitudeoftheparticipantsinacustom.Sothefolkloristisratherlikeamanstaringatasceneinamirrorwhomustbeaware,tofullyunderstandthatscene,thathisownreflectionisamajorpartofwhatheislookingat.

Itis,however,alsotruetosaythatmanycontemporarystudentsoffolklorearcfullyawareoftheproblemswhichbesettheirenquiries.Liketruescientiststheydrawtheirconclusionsbylookingatavailableevidence,rather-thanselectingevidencewhichfitsinwithexistingtheories.Somehavealsolookedawayfromthe"obviously"ancientandturnedtheirattentiontofolklorewhereitthrives,inthesociallifeofmoderncities,inindustryandsport,etc.Theymay,forexample,enduplookingattheloreofthemotorcar,orofpopularmusic,andatcustomswhich,thoughtheyhavenohintsofpaganism,neverthelesshavemuchincommonwiththeolderactivitieswhichdo.

Manyfolkloristshavegraduallycometotheconclusionthatfolkloreisnotnecessarilyathingofthepast,arelicofancientandoutmodedwaysofthinking,butthemeansbywhichpeopletrytomakesenseoftheworld(ortoconfrontitslackofsense)andtrytoalleviateboredomandsuffering.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassageisprobably（）.

2.Theearlyaccountsoffolkcustomsareunreliablebecause（）.

3.Thereasonwhystudyingfolkloreisdifficulttodayisthat（）.

4.Whatisnewaboutfolkloriststoday?

5.Whatdoesparticipationinfolkcustomsmeantopeople?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.FolkloreandFolkCustoms

B.ProblemsandTendencyofFolkCustoms

C.TheRevivalofFolkCustoms

D.FolkloreandFolklorists

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.folkloristsundervaluedtheopinionsoftheparticipants

B.theparticipantsdidnotrevealthesignificanceoftheircustoms

C.theparticipantswerenotawareofthemeaningoftheircustoms

D.folkloristsdidnotconsidertheparticipantssmartenoughtoanswerthequestions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.participantsarenowinfluencedbyearlierstudiesoftheiractivities

B.participantsinsistontheaccuracyoftheirowninterpretations

C.folkloristsaretooconcernedtojustifytheirowntheories

D.folkloristsareoftenmisledbyunreliableearlierstudies

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarenowmorecautiousabouttheevidencetheyaccept.

B.Theywanttoinvestigatethemoreobscureareasoffolklore.

C.Theyarestudyingthecreationoffolkloreinpresent-daysociety.

D.Theywanttodiscoverthelinkbetweenpaganismandsocialcustoms.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itenablesthemtoescapetheproblemsofthemodemworld.

B.Itisanattempttoreconstructwhatislostforever.

C.Itcanbeameansofregainingancientwisdom.

D.Itcanbeofpsychologicalbenefittothem.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨題?？v觀全文，文章第一段介紹了民間習(xí)俗的概念，以及民間習(xí)俗的表現(xiàn)形式。文章第二段提到了民俗評(píng)估者對(duì)大多數(shù)記載民俗進(jìn)行的評(píng)估。根據(jù)文章第三段開頭“Oneaspectwhichgenerallygetsleftoutofaccountsistheviewpointoftheparticipantsthemselves”，可知通常被忽視的這個(gè)方面就是民俗傳承人自己的觀點(diǎn)。第四段談及研究民俗的學(xué)生能確切意識(shí)到一些問題。最后一段是全文的總結(jié)，主要講述了民俗學(xué)者對(duì)民俗的結(jié)論和理解。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“tomostobservers,thepeopletheywerelookingatweresimpleandilliterate,unmindfulofthetruesignificanceofthecustomstheyhadpreserved…Soafolkloristislikelytoemphasizeaspectsofatraditionwhichreflecthisorherowninterestsorwhichfitinwithpreconceivedideas…beofequalimportance.”，可知大多數(shù)觀察者找的都是一些樸素的人，甚至是文盲，并不理解所保存習(xí)俗的真正含義，所以民俗家最終只維護(hù)自己的興趣?？赏茢喑雒袼准液雎粤藚⑴c者的觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Andnow,ideasderivingfromfolklorestudiesateso-widespreadthattheymayeasilyhavebecomeanintegralpartoftheattitudeoftheparticipantsinacustom.Sothefolkloristisratherlikeamanstaringatasceneinamirror…”，可知民俗研究的結(jié)論普遍流傳，這些結(jié)論很容易影響民俗傳承人觀點(diǎn)，所以民俗學(xué)者研究這些民俗時(shí)，就像照鏡子一樣?？赏茢喑鰠⑴c者現(xiàn)在會(huì)受到他早期研究結(jié)論的影響。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“…enduplookingattheloreofthemotorcar,orofpopularmusic,andatcustomswhich,thoughtheyhavenohintsofpaganism,neverthelesshavemuchincommonwiththeolderactivitieswhichdo…”，可知那些民俗研究者轉(zhuǎn)而關(guān)注現(xiàn)今的現(xiàn)代城市生活等，在一些現(xiàn)代化物體中發(fā)現(xiàn)新的跟民俗相關(guān)的東西。可推斷出他們正在研究現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中民俗的創(chuàng)作物或產(chǎn)物。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“…butthemeansbywhichpeopletrytomakesenseoftheworld(ortoconfrontitslackofsense)andtrytoalleviateboredomandsuffering.”，可知民俗是人們?cè)噲D理解這個(gè)世界，試圖減輕無聊和痛苦的方式?？赏茢喑鰠⑴c民俗對(duì)人們的心理帶來一定的好處。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Withtheexpansionofthecompany,themanagerhassomuchworktodothataholidayforhimthisyearis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.outofquestion

B.outofthequestion

C.beyondallquestion

D.pastquestion

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析。outofquestion“毫無疑問”；outofthequestion“不可能”；beyondallquestion“毫無疑問”；pastquestion“無可爭(zhēng)辯”。句意：隨著公司的擴(kuò)張，經(jīng)理有很多的工作要做，所以今年的假期對(duì)他來說是不可能的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Exposuretolow-intensitygammaradiationslowstherateofgrowthofthespoilageofmicro-organismsinfoodinmuchthesamewaythatthelowheatusedinpasteurization（

）thespoilageactionofthemicro-organismsinmilk.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precludes

B.initiates

C.inhibits

D.purifies

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“阻止，妨礙”；B選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)始，發(fā)起”；C選項(xiàng)“阻止，抑制”；D選項(xiàng)“使（某物）潔凈，凈化（心靈）”；根據(jù)句意‘暴露于低強(qiáng)度的伽馬電磁輻射下可以阻緩食物中腐壞微生物的生長(zhǎng)速度，按照相同的原理，在巴式消毒法中，低熱會(huì)遏制住牛奶中微生物的腐壞作用’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

AstronomersattheUniversityofCaliforniadiscoveredoneofthemostdistant（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradoxes

B.paradises

C.galaxies

D.shuttles

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)paradoxes“自相矛盾的事物”；B選項(xiàng)paradises“天堂”；C選項(xiàng)galaxies“星系”；D選項(xiàng)shuttles“班車”。句意：加利福尼亞大學(xué)的天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)最遙遠(yuǎn)的星系。本句表示天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)星系，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Inthenineteenthcentury,photography’sassociationwiththerealworldplaceditinanambivalentrelationtoart;lateinthetwentiethcentury,anambivalentrelationexistsbecauseoftheModernistheritageinart.Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensiousofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposehighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes‘theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinPara.2?

3.TheauthorintroducesAbstractExpressionistpainters(Para.3)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthereactionofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstothequestionofwhetherphotographyisanart?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineartafterthecontroversiesofthenineteenthcentury

B.identifyingthewaysthatrecentmovementsinpaintingandsculpturehaveinfluencedthetechniquesemployedbyseriousphotographers

C.explainingtheattitudesofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mechanical

B.Paradoxical

C.Superficial

D.Dramatic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.provideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart

B.callattentiontoartistswhoseworksoftenbearaphysicalresemblancetotheworksofseriouscontemporaryphotographers

C.setforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters

D.provideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thephotographers*beliefthattheirrelianceonanimpersonalmachinetoproducetheirartrequiresthesurrenderoftheauthorityoftheirpersonalvision

B.Thephotographers'fearthatseriousphotographymaynotbeacceptedasanartbythecontemporaryartpublic

C.TheinfluenceofAbstractExpressionistpaintingandPopArtonthesubjectmatterofthemodemphotograph

D.Thephotographers'beliefthatthebestartissubversiveofartasithaspreviouslybeendefined

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.contemporaryartthatisstrugglingtobeacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutbynomeansanart

C.modemartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingaimsofart

D.modemartthatdisplaysthetendencyofallModernistarttobecomeincreasinglyformalandabstract

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.題目問作者的文章主要是關(guān)注什么。根據(jù)文章第一段首句Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.最早的關(guān)于攝影與藝術(shù)的關(guān)系的爭(zhēng)論主要集中在攝影對(duì)于外表的保真度和對(duì)機(jī)器的依賴是否能夠允許它成為一門藝術(shù)，有別于僅僅實(shí)用的美術(shù)。后文主要通過討論攝影是否是一門藝術(shù)這個(gè)問題，然后分析了論點(diǎn)雙方對(duì)于這個(gè)問題的態(tài)度。綜合分析后可知主要是分析了攝影師對(duì)待藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，C選項(xiàng)“揭示了嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師對(duì)于攝影作為藝術(shù)以及在歷史背景下的藝術(shù)態(tài)度”符合題意。A項(xiàng)意為“解釋了在十九世紀(jì)的爭(zhēng)議之后攝影是怎樣成作為美術(shù)出現(xiàn)的”；B項(xiàng)意為“鑒別在近期影響了被嚴(yán)肅的攝影師所采納的技術(shù)的繪畫和雕塑藝術(shù)中所用到的方式”；D項(xiàng)意為“定義嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師對(duì)他們的藝術(shù)所采取的各種方法和評(píng)估這些方法的價(jià)值”不符合，排除。

2.theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism意為“被現(xiàn)代主義的勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)的概念”。A項(xiàng)意為“呆板的，機(jī)械的”；B項(xiàng)意為“矛盾的”；C項(xiàng)意為“表面的，膚淺的”；D項(xiàng)意為“引人注目的”。本句所在句子意為“重要的攝影家們不再愿意辯論攝影是或者不是一種藝術(shù)，除了聲稱他們自己的作品不再涉及藝術(shù)，表明了在多大程度上他們簡(jiǎn)單地認(rèn)為“被現(xiàn)代主義的勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)的概念是理所當(dāng)然的”：藝術(shù)越好，越顛覆藝術(shù)的傳統(tǒng)目的。根據(jù)句意可知作者所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是‘矛盾的‘，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.題目問作者介紹抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家的目的。根據(jù)第三段第二句‘Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.例如，那些假設(shè)的攝影師，通過拍照，他們?cè)絹碓竭h(yuǎn)離以繪畫藝術(shù)的自命不凡提醒我們的抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家想象他們擺脫古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫的知識(shí)緊縮專注于繪畫的物理行為。‘可知作者主要是想舉出這樣的例子，A選項(xiàng)“是為了舉出像嚴(yán)肅的現(xiàn)代攝影師那樣的藝術(shù)家，否認(rèn)傳統(tǒng)上公認(rèn)的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的目的”符合題意。

4.題目問哪一項(xiàng)最好地解釋了嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師對(duì)于攝影是否是一門藝術(shù)的反應(yīng)。根據(jù)文章最后一句Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.許多專業(yè)攝影人員私下里己經(jīng)開始擔(dān)心，攝影作為藝術(shù)活動(dòng)促進(jìn)顛覆傳統(tǒng)的自命不凡已經(jīng)走得太遠(yuǎn)，引起公眾忘記攝影是一種獨(dú)特的高活動(dòng)總之，是一種藝術(shù)。確定D選項(xiàng)“攝影師認(rèn)為最好的藝術(shù)是對(duì)藝術(shù)的顛覆，就像之前定義的那樣”正確。

5.題目問作者很可能認(rèn)為嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影是一種……。A項(xiàng)意為“一種正努力要被認(rèn)可為美術(shù)的當(dāng)代藝術(shù)”；B項(xiàng)意為“一種要求敏感性的工藝，但絕不是藝術(shù)”；C項(xiàng)意為“顯示了現(xiàn)代主義的傾向，試圖顛覆主流的藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”；D項(xiàng)意為“顯示所有的現(xiàn)代主義藝術(shù)的趨勢(shì)變得越來越正式和抽象的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容以及最后一段的闡述’thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythat...ofarthasgonesofar藝術(shù)越好，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的顛覆性就越大。許多專業(yè)人士私下里開始擔(dān)心……藝術(shù)已經(jīng)走了這么遠(yuǎn)’確定C選項(xiàng)“顯示了現(xiàn)代主義的傾向，試圖顛覆主流的藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”正確。

7.單選題

Atthenews,thedemonstratorswhohadputtheforeigngoodsunderaboycottforseveralmonthsprotestedbut（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tonaught

B.tonothing

C.tonoavail

D.tovoid

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:naught“無價(jià)值”；B:nothing“無”；C:noavail“無效”；D:void“空虛，空間”。句意：新聞中那些連續(xù)幾個(gè)月聯(lián)合抵制國(guó)外商品的示烕者一直在抗議，但是沒有用。結(jié)合詞義，C為正確答案。

8.單選題

Caresshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatoneis（

）loudcontinuousnoise.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.associatedwith

B.subjectedto

C.filledwith

D.attachedto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。beassociatedwith意為“與……聯(lián)系”；besubjectedto意為“受到，被……折磨”；befilledwith意為“充滿，裝滿”；beattachedto意為“附屬于，喜愛”。

句意：應(yīng)注意縮短人們?cè)馐艹掷m(xù)噪聲的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。

9.單選題

Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.

Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.

Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion(擁擠).Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.

Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractable(可伸縮的)armwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.

Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar’smovements.

Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzer(蜂鳴器)thatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.

1.Onesignificantimprovementinthefuturecarwillprobablybe____________.

2.Whatistheauthor’smainconcern?

3.Whatprovidesautoswithelectricpowerinanautomatedhighwaysystem?

4.Inanautomatedhighwaysystem,allthedriverneedstodois____________.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthefutureofautos?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itspowersourceC.itsmonitoringsystem

B.C.itsmonitoringsystemB.

C.itsmonitoringsystemB.itsdrivingsystem

D.itsseatingcapacity

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Howtorenderautomobilespollution-free.

B.Howtomakesmallerandsaferautomobiles.

C.Howtosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams.

D.Howtodevelopanautomatedsubwaysystem.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.rail.

B.Anengine.

C.Aretractablearm.

D.Acomputercontroller.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.keepintherightlane

B.waittoarriveathisdestination

C.keepinconstanttouchwiththecomputercenter

D.informthesystemofhisdestinationbyphone

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Enthusiastic.

B.Pessimistic.

C.Optimistic.

D.Cautious.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.（它應(yīng)該變得更小、更安全、更經(jīng)濟(jì)，而且不應(yīng)該由汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)。），可知A選項(xiàng)“能量來源”正確。B選項(xiàng)“驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)”，C選項(xiàng)“監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)”和D選項(xiàng)“載客人數(shù)”文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第三段第一句theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion.（未來的汽車的主要問題仍在城市交通擁擠），可知作者最關(guān)心交通擁擠的問題，結(jié)合下文對(duì)如何解決這個(gè)問題展開設(shè)想，所以C選項(xiàng)“如何解決交通堵塞的問題”正確，A選項(xiàng)“如何使汽車無污染”和B選項(xiàng)“如何制造更小更安全的汽車”：這是未來汽車發(fā)展方向的其中一部分，不是作者最關(guān)心的，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“如何開發(fā)自動(dòng)化地鐵系統(tǒng)”：文章沒有提到開發(fā)地鐵系統(tǒng)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.（一旦連接到軌道上，汽車將由該系統(tǒng)提供電力，汽車的控制將通過中央計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行。），汽車接到鐵軌上以后就有了電力，所以A選項(xiàng)“鐵軌”正確，計(jì)算機(jī)控制器控制汽車，故D選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)控制器”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“可伸縮的機(jī)械臂”：根據(jù)第四段第一句aretractablearmwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail（一個(gè)可伸縮的機(jī)械臂從自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)向下和鐵軌連接），可知機(jī)械臂不提供電力，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“引擎”：引擎不提供能量，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第一句Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzerthatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.（然后司機(jī)就可以自由地放松，等待蜂鳴器提醒他到下一個(gè)出口。），可知司機(jī)需要聽從系統(tǒng)的提示，按照提示操作，所以D選項(xiàng)“用電話通知系統(tǒng)他的目的地”正確，B選項(xiàng)“等待到達(dá)他的目的地”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“保持在右車道行駛”和C選項(xiàng)“與計(jì)算機(jī)中心保持聯(lián)系”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.（一些悲觀的專家認(rèn)為汽車注定會(huì)被淘汰。），結(jié)合作者下文提出未來汽車的發(fā)展方向，可知作者不贊同悲觀的觀點(diǎn)，根據(jù)第六段最后一句Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.（據(jù)估計(jì)，自動(dòng)化公路每小時(shí)將能夠處理1萬輛汽車，而現(xiàn)在的公路只能運(yùn)送1500到2000輛汽車。），在文章最后作者大膽預(yù)料未來汽車的情況，可知作者看好未來汽車的發(fā)展，所以C選項(xiàng)“樂觀”正確，B選項(xiàng)“悲觀”和D選項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“熱情”不明顯。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Itisaruleinhisfamilythat（）comeshomeearliershouldcookthedinnerforthefamily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anybody

B.who

C.whothat

D.whoever

【答案】D

【解析】句意:無論是誰(shuí)回家得早，都應(yīng)該給家人做晚飯，這是他家的規(guī)定。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾槊~性從句引導(dǎo)詞?？崭袼诰錇橹髡Z(yǔ)從句而且從句中缺主語(yǔ)。A不能引導(dǎo)從句,故排除。B項(xiàng)表示“誰(shuí)”，具有特指的情況，不符合語(yǔ)境。C項(xiàng)的“who和that”不能搭配引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。whoever有兩個(gè)詞義：（l）nomatterwho,在這種用法時(shí)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；（2）anybodythat（who），在這種用法時(shí)，它連接一個(gè)名詞性從句，因此，在本題中它連接的是主語(yǔ)從句。

11.單選題

His（）directionsconfusedus;wedidnotknowwhichofthetworoadstotake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ambiguous

B.complicated

C.arbitrary

D.intricate

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他模棱兩可的指示把我們弄糊涂了；我們不知道該走哪條路。

考查形容詞辨析。ambiguous引起歧義的；模糊的；complicated難懂的；復(fù)雜的；arbitrary任意的；武斷的；intricate復(fù)雜的；錯(cuò)綜的。由后半句句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Ithaslongbeenrecognizedthattheimmigrantgenerationoftenarrivesinanewlandaspioneerswithdreamsofmakingabetterlifeforthemselvesaswellasfortheirchildren.Theobjectivesofthefirstgenerationarerelativelyclear:getajob,earnmoney,learnanewlanguage,ifpossible,offeraneducationtothechildren,andingeneralimprovetheirlotinlife.Familyreunificationisanotherpowerfulmotivedrivingmanynewarrivals.Somenewimmigrants,perhapsmorethanthecurrentanti-immigrationlobbymayrealize,oftenwisheventuallytoreturnhometosettlethereoncefinancialconsiderationsallowit.

Theobviousdifficultiesthatmostimmigrantsfaceincludelanguageinadequacies,ageneralunfamiliaritywiththecustomsandexpectationsofthenewcountry(whatanthropologistsrefertoas“culturaldiscontinuities”),limitedeconomicopportunities,poorhousingconditions,discrimination,xenophobia,andwhatpsychologiststermthe“stressesofacculturation”.

Despitetheseobstacles,inmanycases,immigrantsexperiencetheirlotasbeingbetterthanitwasintheircountryoforigin.Becauseofaperceptionofrelativematerialimprovement,manyimmigrantsmayfailtointernalizetheanti-immigrantnegativeattitudesofthehostcountrytowardthem,maintainingtheircountryoforiginasapointofreference.Inaddition,recentimmigrantscommonlyviewa