考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山西水利職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山西水利職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

______theclaimaboutGermaneconomicmight,itissomewhatsurprisinghowrelativelysmalltheGermaneconomyactuallyis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Togive

B.Given

C.Giving

D.Havinggiven

【答案】B

【解析】考查given的用法。A項(xiàng)togive不定式；B項(xiàng)given過去分詞作介詞放句首，表“考慮到”；C項(xiàng)giving現(xiàn)在分詞；D項(xiàng)havinggiven現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；句意：考慮到有關(guān)德國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的說法，德國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)際上是相對(duì)較小的，這多少有些令人驚訝。因此該題B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Hisideasareinvariablycondemnedas（

）byhiscolleagues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imaginative

B.ingenious

C.impractical

D.denied

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。imaginative“富于想象力的，有創(chuàng)造力的”；ingenious“有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的，機(jī)靈的”；impractical“不切實(shí)際的”；denied“否定”。由“condemned譴責(zé)”可知此空應(yīng)填貶義詞，故C項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：他的想法總是被同事們指責(zé)為不切實(shí)際。

3.單選題

MartinLutherKing,Jr.persuadedhisfollowerstobringthe（

）oftheAmericanNegroestotheattentionoftheUnitedNations,buttheydidnotactveryeffectively.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conspiracy

B.pledge

C.plight

D.compulsion

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。conspiracy“陰謀；共謀”；pledge“保證；誓言；抵押”；plight“困境；苦境”；compulsion“強(qiáng)制；強(qiáng)迫”。句意：馬丁?路德?金說服他的追隨者去讓聯(lián)合國(guó)關(guān)注美國(guó)黑人的苦境，但是他們的行動(dòng)沒取得什么效果。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Somescientistshypothesizedthatthereareintellectualbeingsonsome（

）bodies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.astronautic

B.celestial

C.astronomical

D.astrological

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)astronautic“太空航行的，宇航員的”，C項(xiàng)astronomical“天文的，天文學(xué)的”，D項(xiàng)astrological“占星的，占星學(xué)的，占星術(shù)的”，B項(xiàng)celestial“天上的，天空的”，celestialbody表示“天體”。由intellectualbeings“有智力的生物”可知，空格部分表示“在一些天體上”。句意：一些科學(xué)家假設(shè)某些天體上有智慧生物。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thebusinessisbothhighlycyclicaland（）aspriceinformationabouttransactionsmaynotbepublicized;andwhenitis,itcanbemisleading.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.private

B.slack

C.opaque

D.redundant

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。private“私有的”；slack“松弛的，蕭條的”；opaque“不透明的”；redundant“多余的，冗長(zhǎng)的”。句意：這項(xiàng)交易具有很高的周期性和不透明性，因?yàn)閮r(jià)格信息可能沒有公開，可能會(huì)造成誤導(dǎo)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

On（）featureofsupermarketisthatithiresfewerclerks,whichcutdownonthecostofsale.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extinct

B.instinct

C.distinctive

D.instinctive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。extinct"滅絕的,絕種的";instinct"本能,直覺,天性";distinctive"有特色的,與眾不同的";instinctive"本能的,直覺的,天生的"。句意：超市最大的特點(diǎn)是雇傭的店員少,這就降低了銷售成本。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Allsocietieshavedistinctroleexpectationsformenandforwomen.IntheUnitedStates,theseexpectationshavebeenundergoingchangeformanydecades.TodayAmericansliveinaworldofdiversefamilypatternsandconflictingimagesofideallifestylesformenandwomen.Theconventionalnormsofthefirsthalfcenturydefinedasuccessfulwomanasawifeandmotherwhostayedhometocarryoutafullarrayofhouseholdduties.Thehusbandandfatherwasexpectedtostayawayfromthehomemostoftheday,earningenoughmoneytopaythebills.Manyadultsstilllivebytheseexpectations,butthetraditionalpatternisnolongerheldupasanidealtobefollowedbyeveryone.Timeshavechanged;thereisnoreturntoyesterday.

Althoughthewomen’smovementandpoliticalcontroversiesaboutsuchissuesandtheEqualRightsAmendmentandsexualharassmentsuggestthatchangingsexrolesisarecentissue,thisisfarfromthecase.Broadtrendscanbeidentifiedoverthepasthundredyears.Womenhaveincreasedtheirparticipationinthelaborforcefrom18%in1900toover50%today,andtheygivebirthtofewerchildrenthanwomendidinthepast.In1910thebirthratewas30per1,000population;bythe1900sithaddeclinedto16per1,000.Thesetwotrends—increasingparticipationinthelaborforceanddecreasingfamilysize—suggestthatmajorlong-termchangeshaverestructuredtheroleexpectationsofmenandwomen.Thesechangesarecomplex.Thefactthatmorewomenarejoiningthelaborforceasfull-timeworkersdoesnotmeanthatasinglesexrolepatternisemerging.

Onthecontrary,wearelivinginaperiodofdiversefamilypatterns.AccordingtoKathleenGerson,“thedomesticwomanwhobuildsherlifearoundchildrenandhomemakingpersists,butshenowcoexistswithagrowingnumberofworkingmothersandpermanentlychildlesswomen.”

Womentodayfacehardchoicesastheymakedecisionsaboutwork,career,andmotherhood.Despitewomen’sliberation,womenstillearnlessthanmenintheworkplaceandarestillexpectedtodomostoftheworkinthehome.Womenworksubstantiallymorehourseachweekinthehomeandattheworkplacethanmendo.Womenareworkingharderthanever,yetmanydonotenjoythebenefitsoffullequality.

11.Thetraditionrolesformenandwomen______.

12.Changingsexrolesisnotarecentissuebecause______.

13.Thefactthatmorewomenarejoiningthelaborforceasfulltimeworkersmeansthat______.

14.It’sstatedinthelastparagraphthat______.

15.Accordingtothispassage,thestatementwhichisNOTtrueis______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arediverse

B.areconflicting

C.havebeenchanging

D.arenolongerfollowed

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.womenhaveincreasedtheirparticipationinthelaborforceoverthepasthundredyear

B.moreandmorewomenarebecomingworkingmothersorchildlesswomen

C.theconventionalimageofwomenhaschangedbeyondrecognition

D.peoplehavechangedtheirexpectationsofwomeninmodernsociety

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.womenarebecomingmoreindependent

B.thefamilypatternsarebecomingdiverse

C.asingle-rolepatternisemerging

D.womenareeagertowork

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.womentodaystillsufferfrominequalityinworkandlife

B.women’sliberationhaspromotedtheirsocialstatus

C.thesocietyexpectsmorefromwomenthanfrommen

D.womenaremorecapableanddiligentthanmen

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.manypeoplestillfollowtheconventionalnormsoflifestyle

B.womentodaygivebirthtofewerchildrenthanwomeninthepast

C.moreandmorewomenchoosetoworkratherthantobehousewives

D.mendoasmuchdomesticworkaswomendoathome

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】11.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句Allsocietieshavedistinctroleexpectationsformenandforwomen.IntheUnitedStates,theseexpectationshavebeenundergoingchangeformanydecades.（所有社會(huì)對(duì)男人和女人都有不同的角色期望。在美國(guó)，這些期望幾十年來一直在發(fā)生變化。），說明男女的傳統(tǒng)角色一直在改變。因此C選項(xiàng)“一直在改變”正確。A選項(xiàng)“多種多樣”，原文說的是家庭模式多樣，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“是矛盾的”，原文說的是男女理想生活方式相互矛盾，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“不再遵循傳統(tǒng)”，原文說的是很多成年人依然遵循傳統(tǒng)，但這些傳統(tǒng)不再被視為必須遵循的，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

12.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第二、三句Broadtrendscanbeidentifiedoverthepasthundredyears.Womenhaveincreasedtheirparticipationinthelaborforcefrom18%in1900toover50%today,andtheygivebirthtofewerchildrenthanwomendidinthepast.（在過去的一百年里，我們可以看到大致的趨勢(shì)。女性的勞動(dòng)參與率從1900年的18%提高到今天的50%以上，而且她們比過去的女性少生孩子。），說明性別角色的改變不是最近才出現(xiàn)的問題，因?yàn)榕缘膭趧?dòng)參與率提高了。因此A選項(xiàng)“在過去的一百年里，婦女的勞動(dòng)參與度有所提高”正確。B選項(xiàng)“越來越多的女性成為工作母親或不生育的女性”只說明了女性的現(xiàn)狀，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“女性的傳統(tǒng)形象已經(jīng)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化”，由原文可知，以孩子和家庭為中心的女性仍然大量存在，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，人們對(duì)女性的期望發(fā)生了變化”不能說明這是過去一百年來的趨勢(shì)，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

13.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一句wearelivinginaperiodofdiversefamilypatterns.（我們生活在一個(gè)家庭模式多樣化的時(shí)期。），說明越來越多的女性參與勞動(dòng)成為全職工作者意味著家庭模式多種多樣，既有以孩子和家庭為中心的女性，也有工作母親或不生育的女性。因此B選項(xiàng)“家庭模式日趨多樣化”正確。A選項(xiàng)“女性變得更加獨(dú)立”，D選項(xiàng)“女性渴望工作”在文中沒有提及，所以A，D錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“單一角色的格局正在形成”，由原文可知，這一事實(shí)并不意味著出現(xiàn)了單一的性別角色模式，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

14.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段Womentodayfacehardchoicesastheymakedecisionsaboutwork,career,andmotherhood…manydonotenjoythebenefitsoffullequality.（今天的女性在工作、事業(yè)和母親身份方面面臨著艱難的選擇……許多人并沒有享受到完全平等的好處。），說明現(xiàn)在的女性依然受到了不平等的待遇，比如收入仍然低于男性，仍然被期望做大部分的家務(wù)等。因此A選項(xiàng)“今天的女性在工作和生活中仍然遭受不平等待遇”正確。B選項(xiàng)“女性解放提高了她們的社會(huì)地位”，C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)對(duì)女性的期望高于男性”，D選項(xiàng)“女性比男性更能干、更勤奮”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

15.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“許多人仍然遵循傳統(tǒng)的生活方式規(guī)范”，由原文可知，以孩子和家庭為中心的女性仍然存在，所以A選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除A。B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)今女性生育孩子比過去的女性少”，由原文可知，現(xiàn)在的女性比過去的女性少生孩子，所以B選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除B。C選項(xiàng)“越來越多的女性選擇工作而不是做家庭主婦”，由原文可知，越來越多的女性作為全職工作者加入勞動(dòng)力大軍，所以C選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除C。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“domesticwork”可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Despitewomen’sliberation,womenstillearnlessthanmenintheworkplaceandarestillexpectedtodomostoftheworkinthehome.（盡管女性得到了解放，但女性在工作場(chǎng)所的收入仍然低于男性，她們?nèi)匀槐黄谕龃蟛糠值募覄?wù)。），說明女性做的家務(wù)比男性多。因此D選項(xiàng)“男性在家做的家務(wù)和女性做的家務(wù)一樣多”表述錯(cuò)誤，本題選D。

8.單選題

Tomakeiteasiertoreturnanypurchases,savetheoriginalpackaging,especiallyforelectronicandhousehold（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instruments

B.facilities

C.appliances

D.equipment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。instrument“工具，樂器”；facility“設(shè)施，設(shè)備”；appliance“器具，裝置”；equipment“設(shè)備，裝備”。句意：為了退貨方便，需要保留原來的包裝，尤其是電子產(chǎn)品和家用電器。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.翻譯題

AsanadultIoncedidthesamethingtoSophia,callinghergarbageinEnglishwhensheactedextremelydisrespectfullytowardme.WhenImentionedthatIhaddonethisatadinnerparty,Iwasimmediatelyostracized(excluded).OneguestnamedMarcygotsoupsetshebrokedownintearsandhadtoleaveearly.MyfriendSusan,thehost,triedtorehabilitatemewiththeremainingguests.

ThefactisthatChineseparentscandothingsthatwouldseemunimaginable—evenlegallyactionable(可起訴的)—toWesterners.Chinesemotherscansaytotheirdaughters,“Heyfatty—losesomeweight.”Bycontrast,Westernparentshavetotiptoearoundtheissue,talkingintermsof“health”andneverevermentioningthef-word,andtheirkidsstillendupintherapyforeatingdisorders(進(jìn)食障礙)andnegativeself-image.(IalsoonceheardaWesternfathertoasthisadultdaughterbycallingher“beautifulandincrediblycompetent”.Shelatertoldmethatmadeherfeellikegarbage.)

ChineseparentscanordertheirkidstogetstraightAs.Westernparentscanonlyasktheirkidstotrytheirbest.Chineseparentscansay,“You’relazy.Allyourclassmatesaregettingaheadofyou.”Bycontrast,Westernparentshavetostrugglewiththeirownconflictedfeelingsaboutachievement,andtrytopersuadethemselvesthatthey’renotdisappointedabouthowtheirkidsturnedout.

I’vethoughtlongandhardabouthowChineseparentscangetawaywithwhattheydo.IthinktherearethreebigdifferencesbetweentheChineseandWesternparentalmind-sets(心態(tài)，思維定式，思維取向).

【答案】【參考譯文】

作為一個(gè)成年人，我曾對(duì)索菲亞做過同樣的事。當(dāng)她的行為舉止對(duì)我極其不敬時(shí)，我大聲用英語(yǔ)呵斥她是垃圾。有一次參加晚宴，我無意中提及到這件事，沒想到立刻被在場(chǎng)的客人排斥了。一位叫瑪西的客人竟然難過得哭了起來，不得不提前離開宴會(huì)。而我的朋友蘇珊，也就是舉辦晚宴的主人，試圖在留下的客人面前為我打圓場(chǎng)。

事實(shí)上，中國(guó)父母可以做出一些在西方父母眼里無法想象的事情，甚至可以因?yàn)檫@些事被起訴。例如，中國(guó)的媽媽可以跟女兒說“嘿，胖妹，你該減減肥了！”相反，西方父母?jìng)儗?duì)此話題小心翼翼，從“健康”的角度談?wù)摚^口不提“肥胖”二字。然后他們的孩子最終還是因?yàn)轱嬍呈д{(diào)和體型不良接受治療。（我曾聽過一位西方父親在為他成年女兒祝酒時(shí)，說他女兒“美麗無比，能力非凡”。他女兒事后告訴我，他父親的話讓她覺得自己像垃圾一樣。）

中國(guó)父母會(huì)要求自己的孩子必須每科都是優(yōu)，而西方父母只讓孩子盡力而為。中國(guó)父母會(huì)說：“你這么懶，班上的同學(xué)都超過你了?！毕啾戎?，西方父母不得不在孩子的成績(jī)問題上與自己的矛盾情緒作斗爭(zhēng)，并試圖說服自己，他們對(duì)孩子的表現(xiàn)并不失望。

我想了很久，中國(guó)父母怎么能不受懲罰。我想主要是因?yàn)橹形鞣礁改冈谛膽B(tài)上的三大差異。

10.單選題

TheEskimoisperhapsoneofthemosttrustingandconsiderateofallIndiansbutseemstobe________thewelfareofhisanimals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticalabout

B.indignantat

C.indifferentto

D.subjectto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“愛挑剔的”；B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)……感到憤怒”；C選項(xiàng)“冷漠，不關(guān)心的”；D選項(xiàng)“受……支配”。句意：愛斯基摩人或許是所有印第安人里最值得信任和體貼的，但是他們看起來對(duì)動(dòng)物的福利（）。從句意以及關(guān)鍵詞But，后面半句要說愛斯基摩人的壞話，并且跟動(dòng)物福利有關(guān)的。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)C選項(xiàng)最合適。

11.單選題

Iassureyoutherewasno______motiveinmysuggestion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ulterior

B.stationary

C.vulgar

D.toxic

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.ulterior隱秘的，不可告人的B.stationary固定的，靜止的；定居的

C.vulgar粗俗的，通俗的；本土的D.toxic有毒的，中毒的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“我向你保證，我的建議沒有______的動(dòng)機(jī)”，從assure（保證）可知，“我的建議并不是有不可告人的動(dòng)機(jī)”，A項(xiàng)詞義符合句子意思。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】我向你保證，我的建議并非別有用心。

12.單選題

MuchoftheAmericananxietyaboutoldageisaflightfromtherealityofdeath.OneofthestrikingqualitiesoftheAmericancharacteristheunwillingnesstofaceeitherthefactormeaningofdeath,inthemoresombertraditionofAmericanliterature—fromHawthorneandMelvilleandPoetoFaulknarandHemingway?—onefindsatragicdepththatbeliesthesurfacethinnessoftheordinaryAmericandeathattitudes.Byaneffortoftheimagination,thegreatwritersfacedproblemswhichthecultureinactionisreluctanttofacethefactofdeath,itsmystery,anditsplaceintheback-and-forthshuttlingoftheeternalrecurrence.TheunblinkingconfrontationofdeathinGreektimes,theelaboratetheologicalpatternswovenarounditintheMiddleAges,theritualcelebrationofitintherich,peasantculturesofLatinandSlavicEuropeandinprimitivecultures;thesearedifficulttofindinAmericanlife.

Whetherthroughfearoftheemotionaldepths,orbecauseofadryingupofthesluicesofreligiousintensity,theAmericanavoidsdwellingondeathorevencomingtotermswithit;hefindsitmorbidandreeditsfromit,surroundingitwithwordavoidance(Americansneverdie;they"passaway")andvarioustaboosofspeechandpractice.A"Funeralparlor"isdecoratedtolooklikeabank;everythinginafuneralceremonyisdoneinhushedtones,asifitweresomethingfurtive,tobeconcealedfromtheworld;thereissomuchemphasisonbeingdignifiedthattheceremonyoftenloses'itsqualityofdignity.Insomeoftheprimitivecultures,thereisdifficultyinunderstandingthecausesofdeath;itseemspuzzlingandevenunintelligible.Livingisascientificculture.Americanshavealreadyenoughexplanationofhowitcomes,yettheyshowlittlecapacitytocometotermswiththefactofdeathitselfandwiththegriefthataccompaniesit."Wejubilateoverbirthanddanceatweddings,"writesMargaretMead,"butmoreandmorehustlethedeadoffthescenewithoutceremony,withoutanopportunityforyoungandoldtorealizethatdeathisasmuchafactoflifeasisbirth."And,onemayadd,eveninitshurryandbrevity,thelaststageofanAmerican'slife—thelastoccasionofhisrelationtohissociety—isasstandardizedastherest.

1.InthenovelsofHawthorneandMelville,onewillfind（）.

2.Thewords"passaway"suggestthe（）.

3.UnlikeAmericansociety,someprimitivecultures（）.

4.MargaretMeadsuggeststhat（）.

5.Theword"it"inline2ofparagraph2refersto（）.

6.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinsomeprimitivecultures,（）.

7.Fromthepassage,weteamthatAmericans（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ordinaryAmericandeathattitudes

B.awillingnesstoacceptdeathasafactoflife

C.asuperficialattitudetowarddeath

D.amorbidattitudetothedeaththeme

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.religiousovertonesofdeath

B.indifferencewithwhichmostAmericansregarddeath

C.Americanreluctanttofacetherealityofdeath

D.averageAmericanbeliefinimmortality

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.donotunderstandthecausesofdeath

B.understandthecausesofdeath

C.areunabletocometotermswithdeath

D.haveamorbidattitudetowarddeath

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.weshouldsotrejoiceatabirth

B.weshouldcryatabirthandrejoiceatafuneral

C.aweddingshouldbesolemnaffair

D.weshouldacceptbothdeathmidmarriageandbirthasafactoflife

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.fear

B.religiousintegrity

C.dwellingondeath

D.death

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.deathisacceptedhappily

B.deathhasbeentreatedasamystery

C.deathhasbeenbestowedwithrichculturalimplications

D.mentioningofdeathisavoidedinAmericanculture

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.knowscientificallyhowdeathcomesabout

B.treatdeathasamystery

C.acceptdeathsquarely

D.knowmoreaboutdeaththanpeopleinothercountries

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“HawthorneandMelville”定位到第一段二三句“fromHawthorneandMelville...—onefindsatragicdepththatbeliesthesurfacethinnessoftheordinaryAmericandeathattitudes.”可知,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的一二句可知,美國(guó)人避免糾纏于死亡,甚至避免接受死亡。用回避的字眼代替死亡,比如美國(guó)人永遠(yuǎn)不死,他們是“去世”。說明美國(guó)人不愿面對(duì)死亡的現(xiàn)實(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段中“Insomeoftheprimitivecultures,thereisdifficultyinunderstandingthecausesofdeath;”可知,選項(xiàng)A與原文描述一致。

4.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“MargaretMead”定位到第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“deathisasmuchafactoflifeasisbirth.”MargaretMead認(rèn)為死亡和出生一樣,都是生命的事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.根據(jù)原文“theAmericanavoidsdwellingondeathorevencomingtotermswithit.”美國(guó)人避免對(duì)死亡念念不忘,甚至不愿接受它。由此可知,這里的“it”指的是死亡,選項(xiàng)D正確。

6.根據(jù)第二段“Insomeoftheprimitivecultures,thereisdifficultyinunderstandingthecausesofdeath;itseemspuzzlingandevenunintelligible.”在一些原始文化中,人們很難理解死亡的原因；死亡似乎令人費(fèi)解,甚至難以理解。由此可知,原始文化中,死亡一直被視為一個(gè)謎。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

7.根據(jù)第二段“Americanshavealreadyenoughexplanationofhowitcomes,...”美國(guó)人對(duì)死亡的原因已經(jīng)有了足夠的了解,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。.

13.單選題

Thepeoplestood___atthebeautifulpicture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glaring

B.gazing

C.peeping

D.gasping

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)glaring“怒目而視，瞪眼看；發(fā)出刺眼的光”；B選項(xiàng)gazing“凝望，凝視”；C選項(xiàng)peeping“唧唧叫；窺探”；D選項(xiàng)gasping“喘氣；渴望”。句意：人們站在那里，___這幅美麗的畫。本句表達(dá)“凝視美麗的畫”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thebottomlineisthatpatientswhowanttomakesuretheirdoctoriscompetenthavealotofworktodo.Andtheworkshouldbedoneonthefrontend:expertsemphasizethatpeopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth,sotheydon’thavetoscramblewhentheycomedownwithbronchitisorfindasuspiciouslump.

Studieshavefoundthatitishardtogetanappointmentatshortnoticewhencold-calling,andthatpatientswitharegularsourceofcaregetbettercare,evenwhentheyareuninsured.Whilesomeinternistshaveadditionaltrainingincardiologyorrheumatology,shewenton,primarycarephysiciansalsohaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.

Manywomenchooseagynecologistastheirregulardoctor,Dr.Gallinsaid,butshouldprobablyhavearelationshipwithaninternistaswell.Next,reviewthelistofdoctorsinyourhealthplan.Considertheirlocationaswellastheirhospitalaffiliations.Youmaywanttocross-checkyourhealthplan’slistwithatopdoctorslistforyourarea;theselists(oftenpublishedinregionalmagazineslikeNewYorkandNewJerseyMonthly)areusuallygeneratedbysurveyingphysicians.

Checkwithyourhealthplantoseewhetherithasgoodinformationonindividualphysicians(mostdon’t,butmanyareworkingonit).GoodqualitymeasuresincludeNationalCommitteeonQualityAssuranceaccreditationaboutwhetherdoctorsmeetcriteriaforcareforspecificconditionslikebackpainordiabetes,andtheHealthcareEffectivenessDataInformationSet,whichfocusesonadherencetoclinicalguidelines,likeprescribingabetablockerafteraheartattack.Somehealthplansalsooffernetworksofhigh-performingor“honorroll”physicians;askaboutcriteria.

Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee,butrememberthatyouwillalsoberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,X-rays,proceduresandmedications.Thesecostsaremorelikelytobecoveredorchargedonaslidingscaleatacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinic.(Tofindalocation,seeunder“FindHelp”,ortheFamiliesUSAWebsite,,under“ResourcesforConsumers”.)

Otherfactorstoconsiderarewhetherthedoctorhaseveningandweekendhours,whethertheofficeleavestimeopentoschedulesame-dayappointmentsforurgentcare,whetherwaitingtimesarereasonableandwhetherthedoctorisinsolopracticeoragrouppractice.(Someexpertssaythatgrouppracticestendtobemoreefficientandthatdoctorsingroupsaremorelikelytostayuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice.)Ifthedoctoruseselectronicrecords,that’saplus,someexpertssay.

Onthecrucialquestionsofwhetheryouarecomfortablewiththedoctoryou’vechosen,youwon’tknowthatuntilyoumeetwiththedoctor.Pediatricianswillusuallyagreetoaninterview;busyinternistsoftenwon’t.

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

22.Inadditiontoagynecologist,womenaresupposedtoestablisharelationshipwithaninternistbecause____.

23.Fortheuninsured,expertssuggest____.

24.Expertsindicatethatifadoctoruseselectronicrecords,____.

25.Strategiesforgettinganappointmentwithadoctormoreeasilyincludeallexcept____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Primaryphysiciansusuallyhaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.

B.Patientsoftenfinditaloteasiertogetanappointmentwhiletheyareingoodhealth.

C.Strategiesareneededforgettinganappointmentwithacompetentdoctor.

D.Thepeopledonotneedtoestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.everyinternisthasanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals

B.someinternistsareonlytrainedincardiologyorrheumatology

C.theyhavearegularsourceofcare

D.theydonotoftenneedtogetanappointmentwithadoctor

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,proceduresandmedication

B.theyreachsomeagreementwithadoctorforadjustedcoverageofcosts

C.theygotoacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinicforfreemedicalcare

D.theyvisittheFamiliesUSAWebsitetolocatefreehealthcare

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedoctorshouldbeaprioritychoiceforpatients

B.thedoctormustbeextremelypopularamongpatients

C.patientsshouldgivethedoctorextracredits

D.theuninsuredmaybechargedmorethantheinsured

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.establishingarelationshipwithadoctorwhohaseveningandweekendhours

B.discoveringacomfortrelationshipwithadoctorthroughinterviews

C.findingadoctorinagrouppracticethatstaysuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice

D.stayinguninsuredforreducedchargesincommunityhealthcenters

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】21.主旨大意題。文章第1段第1、2句Thebottomlineisthatpatientswhowanttomakesuretheirdoctoriscompetenthavealotofworktodo.Andtheworkshouldbedoneonthefrontend:expertsemphasizethatpeopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth...（最基本的是，想確?？床〉氖怯心芰Φ尼t(yī)生的病人有很多工作要做。第一步是:專家強(qiáng)調(diào)，人們應(yīng)該在健康的時(shí)候去找醫(yī)生并建立關(guān)系……）文章開篇指出，對(duì)于想找有能力的醫(yī)生看病的病人來說，在健康的時(shí)候就找好醫(yī)生并建立關(guān)系很重要，隨后的段落都是圍繞如何找到稱職的醫(yī)生展開的，C選項(xiàng)“預(yù)約到有能力的醫(yī)生需要一些策略”的表述符合文章的主旨。另外，第25題也可以提供一些提示。A選項(xiàng)“初級(jí)醫(yī)生通常有一個(gè)可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò)”、B選項(xiàng)“病人們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)他們?cè)谏眢w健康時(shí)，預(yù)約成功要容易得多”是文章細(xì)節(jié)的內(nèi)容，不是主旨。D選項(xiàng)“人們健康的時(shí)候不需要與醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系”，表述與原文不符，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

22.推理判斷題。題干“除了婦科醫(yī)生，女性也應(yīng)該與內(nèi)科醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系，因?yàn)開___”，可定位到原文第3段第1句Manywomenchooseagynecologistastheirregulardoctor,Dr.Gallinsaid,butshouldprobablyhavearelationshipwithaninternistaswell.（加林博士說，許多女性選擇婦科醫(yī)生作為她們的常規(guī)醫(yī)生，但或許也應(yīng)該與內(nèi)科醫(yī)生保持聯(lián)系。）但是，該句后文以Next（然后）開頭，主要介紹怎么找合適的醫(yī)生，所以，本題的答案應(yīng)該往前找。原文第2段提到“有常規(guī)治療來源的病人（patientswitharegularsourceofcare）得到更好的護(hù)理”，緊接著說“盡管一些內(nèi)科醫(yī)生在心臟病學(xué)或風(fēng)濕病學(xué)方面有額外的培訓(xùn)，但初級(jí)保健醫(yī)生也有一個(gè)可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò)?！庇纱送茢?，專家建議女性應(yīng)該和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生聯(lián)系一下，是因?yàn)樗麄冇锌赏扑]的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò)，即常規(guī)治療來源，C選項(xiàng)“他們有常規(guī)的治療來源”表述正確。B選項(xiàng)“一些內(nèi)科醫(yī)生只接受過心臟病學(xué)或風(fēng)濕病學(xué)的培訓(xùn)”，表述不符合原文，“心臟病學(xué)或風(fēng)濕病學(xué)的培訓(xùn)”是內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的額外訓(xùn)練，說明他們還接受了其他訓(xùn)練，排除；A選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)內(nèi)科醫(yī)生都有一個(gè)可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，原文并沒有提到“每個(gè)”，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理；D選項(xiàng)“他們不需要總是跟醫(yī)生預(yù)約”，原文只是說有常規(guī)護(hù)理來源的能得到更好的治療（getbettercare），并沒有說就不需要預(yù)約了，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

23.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“對(duì)于沒有保險(xiǎn)的人，專家建議____”，可定位到原文第5段第1句Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee,butrememberthatyouwillalsoberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,X-rays,proceduresandmedications.（如果你沒有保險(xiǎn)，可以和醫(yī)生協(xié)商，讓醫(yī)生同意降低費(fèi)用，但是記住你還是要承擔(dān)實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)、血液檢測(cè)、X光、程序和藥物的費(fèi)用。）由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“他們與醫(yī)生就調(diào)整承擔(dān)的費(fèi)用達(dá)成了協(xié)議”正是專家的建議；A選項(xiàng)“他們承擔(dān)實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)、血液檢測(cè)、程序和藥物的費(fèi)用”并不是專家的建議，排除；C選項(xiàng)“他們?nèi)ド鐓^(qū)健康中心或醫(yī)院診所享受免費(fèi)醫(yī)療”，可定位到第5段第2句Thesecostsaremorelikelytobecoveredorchargedonaslidingscaleatacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinic.（這些費(fèi)用更有可能由社區(qū)衛(wèi)生中心或醫(yī)院診所按浮動(dòng)比例支付或收取。）由此可知，社區(qū)健康中心或醫(yī)院診所并不提供免費(fèi)醫(yī)療，并且這不是專家的建議，選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符，排除。D選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)L問美國(guó)家庭網(wǎng)站，尋找免費(fèi)醫(yī)療服務(wù)”，可定位到第5段最后一句Tofindalocation,…,ortheFamiliesUSAWebsite,,under“ResourcesforConsumers”.（您可以在美國(guó)家庭網(wǎng)站的“消費(fèi)者資源”中找到。）根據(jù)上下文，這個(gè)網(wǎng)址是找社區(qū)健康中心或者醫(yī)院診所的，并且這些醫(yī)療也并不是免費(fèi)的，選項(xiàng)表述不符合原文，排除。

因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

24.判斷推理題。題干“專家提示，如果一個(gè)醫(yī)生使用電子病歷，那么____”，可定位到原文倒數(shù)第2段最后一句Ifthedoctoruseselectronicrecords,that’saplus,someexpertssay.（一些專家說，如果醫(yī)生使用電子病歷，這是一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)。）由此可知，使用電子病歷的醫(yī)生是相對(duì)來說可靠的好的醫(yī)生；另外，全文主要是介紹如何挑選好的醫(yī)生并與之建立聯(lián)系，A選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)醫(yī)生應(yīng)該是病人優(yōu)先選擇的對(duì)象”，符合原文。B選項(xiàng)“這位醫(yī)生一定很受病人歡迎”，原文只是說這是該醫(yī)生的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并沒有提到一定特別受歡迎，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推測(cè)；C選項(xiàng)“病人應(yīng)該給醫(yī)生額外的贊揚(yáng)”，專家說這是一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并不是為了要贊揚(yáng)醫(yī)生，而是告訴讀者可以選擇這樣的醫(yī)生，所以排除C選項(xiàng)；D選項(xiàng)“未投保的人可能會(huì)比已投保的人被收取更多的費(fèi)用”，原文并未提及，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

25.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“更容易預(yù)約醫(yī)生的策略包括除____以外的所有內(nèi)容?！?/p>

A選項(xiàng)“與一位晚上和周末都有空的醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系”，可定位到原文倒數(shù)第2段第一句Otherfactorstoconsiderarewhetherthedoctorhaseveningandweekendhours…（其他需要考慮的因素包括醫(yī)生是否有晚上和周末的時(shí)間……），由此可知，晚上和周末都有空的醫(yī)生更方便關(guān)系和預(yù)約看病，選項(xiàng)表述符合原文；B選項(xiàng)“通過會(huì)面與醫(yī)生建立舒適的關(guān)系”，可定位到原文最后一段第1句Onthecrucialquestionsofwhetheryouarecomfortablewiththedoctoryou’vechosen,youwon’tknowthatuntilyoumeetwiththedoctor.（關(guān)于你是否能跟你選擇的醫(yī)生相處愉快這個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題，直到你們見了面，你才會(huì)知道。）由此可知，通過雙方面對(duì)面交往，才能知道是否能跟對(duì)方相處愉快，才能建立舒適的關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)表述符合原文；C選項(xiàng)“找一個(gè)屬于某個(gè)醫(yī)療團(tuán)隊(duì)的醫(yī)生且這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行當(dāng)前最新的醫(yī)療實(shí)踐”，可定位到原文倒數(shù)第2段倒數(shù)第2句Someexpertssaythatgrouppracticestendtobemoreefficientandthatdoctorsingroupsaremorelikelytostayuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice.（一些專家說，集體實(shí)踐往往更有效率，團(tuán)體醫(yī)生更有可能保持最新的醫(yī)療實(shí)踐。）由此可知，作者更推薦處于某個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)的醫(yī)生，選項(xiàng)表述符合原文；D選項(xiàng)“為了在社區(qū)衛(wèi)生中心享受降低一點(diǎn)的費(fèi)用而不買保險(xiǎn)”，可定位到原文第5段第1句Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee…（如果你沒有保險(xiǎn)，你可以和醫(yī)生協(xié)商降低費(fèi)用……）原文只是說沒有買保險(xiǎn)的人可以跟醫(yī)生商量少收一些費(fèi)用，并沒有建議不買保險(xiǎn)，選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

15.單選題

Withitsstockpricerisingby20percent,thecompanybecomesthesecondmost()technologyfirminthecounty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.valuable

B.worthwhile

C.priceless

D.precious

【答案】A

【解析】valuable有價(jià)值的；worthwhile值得的；priceless無價(jià)的；precious珍貴的。句意：隨著股價(jià)上漲20%，該公司成為全縣第二大最有價(jià)值的科技公司。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

16.單選題

Archaeologicalliteratureisrichindescriptionsofpotmaking.Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.

Theclayusedinprehistoricpotmakingwasinvariablyselectedwiththeutmostcare:oftenitwastradedoverconsiderabledistances.Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.Bycarefulkneading,thepotterremovedtheairbubblesandmadetheclayasplasticaspossible,allowingittobemoldedintoshapeasthepotwasbuiltup,Whenapotisfired,itlosesitswaterandcancrack,sothepotteraddedatempertotheclay,asubstancethathelpedreduceshrinkageandcracking.

Sincesurfacefinishesprovidedapleasingappearanceandalsoimprovedthedurabilityinday-to-dayuse,thepottersmoothedtheexteriorsurfaceofthepotwithwethands.Oftenawetclaysolution,knownasaslip,wasappliedtothesmoothsurface.Brightlycoloredslipswereoftenusedandformedpainteddecorationsonthevessel.Inlatertimes.Glazescameintouseinsomeareas.Aglazeisaformofslipthatturnstoaglasslikefinishduringhigh-temperaturefiring.Whenaslipwasnotapplied,thevesselwasallowedtodryslowlyuntiltheexternalsurfacewasalmostlikeleatherintexture.Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.Somepotswereadornedwithincisedorstampeddecorations.

Mostearlypotterywasthenfiredoveropenhearths.Thevesselswerecoveredwithfast-burningwood;asitburned,theasheswouldallaroundthepotsandbakethemevenlyoverafewhours.Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,whichwouldnotonlybaketheclayandremoveitsplasticity,butalsodissolvecarbonsandironcompounds.Kilnswerealsousedforglazing,whentwofiringswereneeded.Oncefired,thepotswereallowedtocoolslowly,andsmallcrackswererepairedbeforetheywerereadyforuse.

54.Whatdoesthep