考研考博-英語-北京體育職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京體育職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

HowdoestheU.S.rankintheinternationalhuman-capitalstandings?That’satrickyquestion.OvertimetheAmericaneconomyhasshownmoredynamismandsustainedgrowththanjustaboutanyother.ButifyoulookonlyattheperformanceoftheaverageAmericanhighschoolstudentoninternationaltests,youwouldthinkitwasanationofdim-witteddullards.Whatexplainsthisparadox?Tosomeextent,theanswermustbethequalityofAmericanuniversities,whicharehighlyefficient,intenselycompetitiveandwonderfullyendowed—andwhichincreasinglyrecruitthebuststudentsfromaroundtheworld.Butuniversityprofessorsaren’tmagicians;howeverskilledtheymaybe,iftheirinputsfromhighschoolsaregarbage,theiroutputsofgraduateswillnotbemuchbetter.

【答案】美國在國際人力資本排行榜上排第幾？這是一個(gè)很棘手的問題。在過去的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，美國經(jīng)濟(jì)比其他任何國家都表現(xiàn)出了更多活力和持續(xù)增長能力。但是如果你去關(guān)注國際比賽中美國高中生成績，你會(huì)認(rèn)為美國式一個(gè)很笨的民族。如何解釋這種矛盾。在某種程度上，問題的關(guān)鍵是美國大學(xué)的質(zhì)量，美國的大學(xué)效率高，競爭激烈，天賦異凜，而且越來越多地從世界各地招收最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生。但是大學(xué)教師不是魔術(shù)師；無論他們水平多么高,如果高中輸入的是垃圾，他們輸出的畢業(yè)生也好不到哪去。

2.單選題

Withtherapidglobalizationofscienceitself(morethan40percentofscientificPh.D.studentstrainedintheUnitedStatesarenowforeignnationals,roughlyhalfofwhomreturntotheircountriesoforigin),theonceundisputedU.S.scientificlead,whetherrelevanttoproductleadornot,isdiminishing.

ThecompetitionofforeignstudentsforpositionsinU.S.graduateschoolshasalsocontributedtomakingscientifictrainingrelativelyunattractivetoU.S.students,becausetherapidlyincreasingsupplyofstudentshasdiminishedtherelativerewardsofthiscareerpath.Forthebestandbrightestfromlow-incomecountries,apositionasaresearchassistantintheUnitedStatesisattractive,whereasthebestandbrightestU.S.studentsmightnowseebetteroptionsinotherfields.Scienceandengineeringcareers,totheextentthattheyareopeninguptoforeigncompetition(whetherimportedoravailablethroughbettercommunication),alsoseemtobebecomingrelativelylessattractivetoU.S.students.

Withrespecttotheroleofuniversitiesintheinnovationprocess,the”speculativeboomofthe1990s(which,amongotherthings,madeitpossibletoconvertscientificfindingsintocashratherquickly)waslargelyunexpected.Theboombroughtuniversitiesandtheirfacultiesintomuchclosercontactwithprivatemarketsastheytriedtogainasmuchoftheeconomicdividendsfromtheirdiscoveriesaspossible.Forawhile,thepathbetweendiscoveriesinbasicscienceandnewflowsofhardcashwasconsiderablyshortened.Butduringthenextfewdecades,thispathlikelywillreverttowarditsmoretraditionallengthandreestablish,inahealthyway,themoretraditional(andmoreindependent)relationshipbetweenthebasicresearchdoneatuniversitiesandthoseentitiesthattranslateideasintoproductsandservices.

Intheinterveningyears,anothernewforcealsogreatlyfacilitatedglobalization:therapidgrowthoftheInternetandcheapwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication.Today,complexdesignactivitiescantakeplaceinlocationsquiteremovedfrommanufacturing,otherbusinessfunctions,andtheconsumer.Indeed,thereisnowampleopportunityforreal-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctionsthatarequiteindependentoftheirspecificlocations.Forexample,softwaredevelopment,withallitschangesandcomplications,cantoaconsiderableextentbedoneoverseasforaU.S.customer.Foreigncallcenterscanrespondinstantlytoquestionsfromthousandsofmilesaway.Theresultisthatlow-wageworkersintheFarEastandinsomeothercountriesarecomingintoevermoredirectcompetitionwithamuchwiderspectrumofU.S.labor:unskilledinthecaseofcallcenters;morehighlyskilledinthecaseofprogrammers.

1.Therapidglobalizationofscience

（

）.

2.Accordingtothistext（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

（

）.

4.Allofthefollowingmighthavecontributedtoglobalizationexcept

（

）.

5.Thistextismainlyabout（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasledtotherapidgrowthoftheInternet

B.hasdiminishedtherelativerewardsofscienceandengineeringcareers

C.hasresultedinthefiercecompetitionofscientifictrainingintheUS

D.hascontributedtothediminishofU.S.scientificleadership

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thecareersunattractivetoU.S.studentsmaynotbesotoforeignstudents

B.scienceandengineeringcareersareunattractiveexclusivelytoU.S.students

C.U.S.studentsarenotcourageousenoughtofaceforeigncompetition

D.U.S.studentsarenotwellpreparedtocompetewithforeignstudents

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.scientistsrarelyexpecttomakemoneyfromtheirdiscoveriesinbasicscience

B.itwillbemucheasiertoconvertscientificfindingsintocashinthenearfuture

C.theboomofthe1990scouldbeconsideredsomewhatunhealthy

D.theboomofthe1990swilllastatleastforseveraldecades

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theunprecedenteddevelopmentofInternet

B.theclosercontactofuniversitieswithprivatemarkets

C.real-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctions

D.theprevalenceofwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thescientificleadershipoftheU.S

B.theshortageofscientistsintheU.S

C.Therapidglobalizationofscience

D.Bettercommunicationandglobalization

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段提到美國40%的博士生都是來自其他國家，而這些學(xué)生在美國接受完教育后選擇回到自己的祖國，因此，隨著科學(xué)本身的國際化，美國在科學(xué)界領(lǐng)域的地位正在下降（isdiminishing）。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.文章第二段提到了美國本國的學(xué)生與國外留學(xué)生對(duì)工作選擇的期望不同：那些來自于低收入國家的學(xué)生會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)研究助理的職位趨之若鶩，而本國的學(xué)生卻對(duì)此不感興趣，他們有更好的選擇(seebetteroptionsinotherfields)。選項(xiàng)A“對(duì)于美國本國學(xué)生沒有吸引力的工作，對(duì)外國學(xué)生卻有著吸引力”符合題意。

3.文章第三段前半部分提到90年代的投機(jī)性高漲（speculativeboom），這種高漲導(dǎo)致學(xué)校里的老師只想盡可能多的去獲得更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益(theboombroughtuniversitiesandtheirfacultiesintomuchclosercontactwithprivatemarketsastheytriedtogainasmuchoftheeconomicdividendsfromtheirdiscoveriesaspossible)，后半部分Butduringthenextfewdecades,thispathlikelywillreverttowarditsmoretraditionallengthandreestablish,inahealthyway,themoretraditional(andmoreindependent)relationshipbetweenthebasicresearchdoneatuniversitiesandthoseentitiesthattranslateideasintoproductsandservices提到接下來的幾十年，一種健康的方式在逆轉(zhuǎn)之前的道路，由此可推斷90年代的繁榮被認(rèn)為是不健康的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章最后一段前半部分提到互網(wǎng)的誕生、廉價(jià)的款待網(wǎng)絡(luò)溝通方式（therapidgrowthoftheInternetandcheapwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication）、不同地方的商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的實(shí)時(shí)溝通都推動(dòng)了全球化進(jìn)程（real-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctionsthatarequiteindependentoftheirspecificlocations），所以只有選項(xiàng)B沒有推動(dòng)全球化，符合題意。

5.文章第一二段主要講述了由于留學(xué)生的增多，并且這些學(xué)生大都會(huì)選擇回自己的國家，從而導(dǎo)致美國在科學(xué)界的領(lǐng)先地位開始動(dòng)搖，第三段講述了90年代那種不健康的高漲：很多學(xué)校的教師將科學(xué)與經(jīng)濟(jì)利益掛鉤，最后一段提到的全球化的原因跟導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。所以文章主要在論述美國在科學(xué)界的領(lǐng)先地位與科學(xué)全球化的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Herlecturecoveredawide（）oftopics,rangingfromtheheatedcontroversytoacademicreflection.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extent

B.range

C.collection

D.number

【答案】B

【解析】句意:她的演講涉及從激烈的爭論到學(xué)術(shù)反思的廣泛話題。

考查名詞辨析。extent范圍；程度（尤指事物延展的范圍、高度或距離）；range范圍；幅度（尤指認(rèn)知、知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)或能力方面的范圍）;collection采集;收集;number數(shù)字;號(hào)碼。這里選擇B項(xiàng)比較合適，awiderangeoftopics表示“廣泛話題”。

4.單選題

Ifanymanheredoesnotagreewithme,heshould（）hisownplanforimprovingthelivingconditionsofthesepeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.puton

B.putout

C.putin

D.putforward

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)puton“穿上，上演”；B選項(xiàng)putout“熄滅，伸出，出版”；C選項(xiàng)putin“插嘴，插入”；D選項(xiàng)putforward“拿出，推舉出，提出”。句意：如果這里有人不同意我的觀點(diǎn)，他應(yīng)該_____自己改善這些人生活條件的計(jì)劃。本句表達(dá)的意思為“他應(yīng)該提出自己的計(jì)劃”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Wehavedoneallwecouldandnowourcherishedprojectis（

）ournewCEO.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ontheagendaof

B.inthepowerof

C.undertheguidanceof

D.withtheguidanceof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)ontheagendaof“列入會(huì)議議程的”；B選項(xiàng)inthepowerof“受……支配，在……的控制下”；C選項(xiàng)undertheguidanceof“在……的指導(dǎo)下”；D選項(xiàng)withtheguidanceof“在……的指導(dǎo)下”，作伴隨狀語表原因。由project（項(xiàng)目）與CEO（執(zhí)行總裁）之間的關(guān)系可知項(xiàng)目應(yīng)處于CEO的控制下較符合邏輯搭配。句意：我們已經(jīng)竭盡所能，現(xiàn)在我們珍視的項(xiàng)目掌握在新任CEO的手中。

6.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreatand（

）,thereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intention

B.instinct

C.integrity

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)intention“意圖，目的”；B選項(xiàng)instinct“本能，天性”；C選項(xiàng)integrity“正直，完整”；D選項(xiàng)intensity“劇烈，強(qiáng)度”。句意：市長是一位十分正直的女性，所以值得我們給予政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的支持。A，B和D項(xiàng)不與with搭配，結(jié)合句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Archaeologistshavediscoveredthe（

）ofamarblecolumnoftheancienttemple.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.remnant

B.fragments

C.scrap

D.shred

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。remnant“剩余，殘余，遺跡”；fragment“碎片，片段或不完整的部分”；scrap“碎片，殘余物，殘羹剩飯，廢金屬，”；shred“碎片，細(xì)條”。句意：考古學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)這座古廟大理石柱的殘跡。故A項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Theoutlineofthefigurewasbarely（

）inthedarkness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.susceptible

B.perceptive

C.invisible

D.perceptible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。susceptible意為“易受影響的”；perceptive意為“有知覺力的”；invisible意為“看不見的”；perceptible意為“可理解的，可認(rèn)識(shí)的”。

句意：沒有一絲光，這個(gè)圖形的輪廓很難在黑暗中辨認(rèn)。

9.單選題

Thisarticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachmakingonemajorpoint（

）theother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inhonorof

B.inaccordancewith

C.incontrastwith

D.inagreementwith

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)inhonorof“為慶?！保籅選項(xiàng)inaccordancewith“依照，與…一致”；C選項(xiàng)incontrastwith“與…形成對(duì)比”；D選項(xiàng)inagreementwith“同意，與…一致”。句意：這篇文章的開頭和結(jié)尾是對(duì)兩篇新聞報(bào)道的描述，每一篇都有一個(gè)主要觀點(diǎn)與另一篇形成對(duì)比。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

10.單選題

BeforeanamendmentcanbeaddedtotheConstitution,itmustberatifiedbythree-fourthsofthestatelegislatures.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussed

B.endorsed

C.proposed

D.revised

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。ratify表示“批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可”。A項(xiàng)discuss“討論”，B項(xiàng)endorse“簽字，簽署”，表示認(rèn)可的意思，C項(xiàng)propose“打算，計(jì)劃”，D項(xiàng)revise“修改”；句意：修正案必須得到四分之三的國家立法機(jī)關(guān)的批準(zhǔn)，才能被添加到憲法中。根據(jù)句意該題選B。

11.單選題

AsIhavementioned,animportantsourceofhumanstressisthe（

）betweenthedemandsoftheindividualandthoseofhissociety.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.splash

B.smash

C.crash

D.clash

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。splash“濺潑聲，濺潑”；smash“破碎”；C項(xiàng)“crash撞擊（聲），破裂（聲）；撞車，（車輛等）碰撞”；dash“猛沖”。句意：正如我所提到的，人類壓力的一個(gè)重要來源便是個(gè)人與所處社會(huì)需求之間的沖突。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

Agoodleaderknowswhatarepracticalquestionsandalsoheknowswhento（）andwhentofight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compromise

B.struggle

C.advance

D.flee

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。compromise"妥協(xié),讓步";struggle"努力,掙扎";advance"前進(jìn),進(jìn)展";flee"逃跑,消失"。句意:一個(gè)好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者知道什么是實(shí)際問題,他也知道什么時(shí)候應(yīng)該（）,什么時(shí)候應(yīng)該戰(zhàn)斗。填空處應(yīng)該和fight相對(duì)應(yīng),選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.單選題

TheyoungladyisMr.Smith’step-daughter,her（）parentshavingdiedinanaccident.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ecological

B.psychological

C.physiological

D.biological

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ecological“生態(tài)的、生態(tài)學(xué)的”；B選項(xiàng)psychological“心理的”；C選項(xiàng)physiological“生理學(xué)的”；D選項(xiàng)biological“生物學(xué)的”，句意為：這位年輕的女士是史密斯先生的繼女，她的親生父母在一次事故中喪生。親生父母表達(dá)為biologicalparents，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.單選題

IncommunitiesnorthofDenver,residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministratorsastheVrainSchoolDistricttriestosolvea$13.8millionbudgetshortageblamedonmismanagement.“We’reworriedaboutourteachersandprincipals,andwereallydon’twanttolosethembecauseofthis,”oneparentsaid.“Ifwecanhelpeasetheirfinancialburden,wewill.''

Teachersaregrateful,butknowitmaybeyearsbeforethedistrictissolvent（有償付能力的）Theyfeelreallygoodabouttheparentsupport,buttheyrealizeit’simpossibleforthemtosolvethisproblem.

The22.000-studcntdistrictdiscoveredtheshortagelastmonth,“It’sextraordinary.Nobodywouldhaveimaginedsomethinghappeninglikethisatthislevel,”saidStateTreasurerMikeCoffman.

Coffmananddistrictofficialslastweekagreedonastateemergencyplanfreeingupa$9.8millionloanthatenabledthepayroll（工資單）tobemetfor2,700teachersandstaffintimefortheholidays.

Districtofficialsalsotook$1.7millionfromstudent-activityaccountsinits38schools.

AtCoffman’srequest,theDistrictAttorneyhasbeguninvestigatingthedistrict’sfinances.CoffmansayshewantstoknowwhetherdistrictofficialshidthebudgetshortageuntilaftertheNovemberelection,whenvotersapproveda$212millionbondissueforschools.

InFrederick,students’parentsarebuyingclassroomsuppliesandofferingtopayforgroceriesandutilitiestokeepfirst-yearteachersandprincipalsintheirjobs.

Some$36,000hasbeenraisedindonationsfromSafeway.AChevroletdealershipdonated$10,000andforgavethedistrict’s$10,750billforrentingthedrivereducatingcars.IBMcontributed4,500packsofpaper.

“Weemploythousandsofpeopleinthiscommunity,”saidMitchCarson,ahospitalchiefexecutive,whohelpedraisefunds.“Wehavechildrenintheschool,andweseehowtheycouldbeaffected.”

AtCreekHighSchool,threestudentsstartedawebsitethatdisplaysnewspaperarticles,districtinformationandanemailforum（論壇）.“Rumorsaboutwhat’shappeningtothedistrictaremovingatlightingspeed.”saidastudent.“Wewantedtoknowthetruth,andspreadthataroundinstead.”

1.WhathashappenedtotheVrainSchoolDistrict?

2.HowdidtheresidentsintheVrainSchoolDistrictrespondtothebudgetshortage?

3.IntheviewofStateTreasurerMikeCoffman,theeducationalbudgetshortageis（

）.

4.WhydidCoffmanrequestaninvestigation?

5.ThreehighSchoolstudentsstartedawebsiteinorderto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ahugefinancialproblemhasarisen.

B.Manyschoolstherearemismanaged.

C.Lotsofteachersinthedistrictareplanningtoquit.

D.Manyadministrativepersonnelhavebeenlaidoff

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfeltsomewhathelplessaboutit.

B.Theyaccusedthoseresponsibleforit.

C.Theypooledtheireffortstohelpsolveit.

D.Theydemandedathoroughinvestigation.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.unavoidable

B.unthinkable

C.insolvable

D.irreversible

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toseeiftherewasadeliberatecover-upoftheproblem.

B.Tofindouttheextentoftheconsequencesofthecase.

C.Tomakesurethattheschoolprincipalswereinnocent.

D.Tostopthevotersapprovingthe$212millionbondissue.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.attractgreaterpublicattentiontotheirneeds

B.appealtothepublicforcontributionsanddonations

C.exposeofficialswhoneglectedtheirduties

D.keeppeopleproperlyinformedofthecrisis

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“Vrain學(xué)區(qū)發(fā)生的事情是……”。文章第一段提到“Vrain學(xué)區(qū)試圖去解決因管理不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致的1380萬美金的預(yù)算短缺”（IncommunitiesnorthofDenver,residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministratorsastheVrainSchoolDistricttriestosolvea$13.8millionbudgetshortageblamedonmismanagement），因此選項(xiàng)A“一個(gè)巨大的財(cái)政問題”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“Vrain校區(qū)的居民應(yīng)對(duì)預(yù)算短缺的方式是……”。文章第一段提到當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裾趲椭蠋熀凸芾砣藛T（residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministrators），選項(xiàng)C“幫助一起解決問題”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在財(cái)政部長邁克?卡夫麥看來，教育預(yù)算短缺是……”。文章第三段中“這太不尋常了。沒有人想到會(huì)發(fā)生這樣的事情”(It’sextraordinary.Nobodywouldhaveimaginedsomethinghappeninglikethisatthislevel)，因此選項(xiàng)B“不能想象的”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“為什么卡夫麥要求進(jìn)行調(diào)查”。文章第六段提到“他想知道是否地方官員將預(yù)算短缺隱瞞”（hewantstoknowwhetherdistrictofficialshidthebudgetshortage），因此選項(xiàng)A“想弄清是否對(duì)財(cái)政問題進(jìn)行了掩蓋”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“三名高中生建立了一個(gè)網(wǎng)站來……”。文章最后一段提到“謠言以光速擴(kuò)散”“我們想知道真相，并把它公之于眾”（“Rumorsaboutwhat’shappeningtothedistrictaremovingatlightingspeed.”saidastudent.“Wewantedtoknowthetruth,andspreadthataroundinstead.”），選項(xiàng)D“讓人們知道危機(jī)”符合題意。

15.單選題

48.Whenaliquidorgasisheatedfrombelow,thefluidtends（

）intocylindricalrolls.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itsorganization

B.toorganizeitself

C.andisorganized

D.organizing

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配題。固定搭配tendtodosth.表示“傾向于做…”，B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

沒有改革開放，就沒有今天的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

祖國的地下到處都是埋藏著豐富的礦產(chǎn)資源。

弄得不好，就會(huì)前功盡棄。

不經(jīng)一事，不長一智。

青年人和老年人不同，女青年和老太太也不同，不考慮這些情況，恐怕就解決不好“代溝”問題。

【答案】Withoutthereformandopening-up,theeconomicwillnotbewelldevelopedliketoday.

Therearerichmineralresourcesatundergroundofourmotherland.

Ifscrewup,you'llbacktosquareone.

Afallinthepit;againinthewit.

Theyoungdiffersfromtheoldwhiletheyoungwomenandoldladyvaryalot,withoutattentiontothis,it'shardtosolvethe“generationgap”.

17.單選題

Willyouplease（）thisarticletoseeifthereisanymisprint?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lookup

B.goover

C.dwellon

D.workout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。lookup“查閱，拜訪”；goover“復(fù)習(xí)，仔細(xì)檢查”；dwellon“詳述，細(xì)想”；workout“解決，算出，鍛煉”。根據(jù)下半句的內(nèi)容“看看是否有打印錯(cuò)誤”，可知應(yīng)該是仔細(xì)檢查一下這篇文章，所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

18.單選題

Thewoodsatthisseasonare（

）withdelicatescents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fragrant

B.small

C.barren

D.bright

【答案】A

【解析】句意：這個(gè)季節(jié)的樹林散發(fā)著清香。fragrant芳香的，選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

19.單選題

Inthemid-nineteenth,theUnitedStateshadtremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry.Mostoftherawmaterialsthatarevaluableinthemanufactureofmachinery,transportationfacilities,andconsumergoodslayreadytobeworkedintowealth.Iron,coal,andoilthebasicingredientsofindustrialgrowth—wereplentifulandneededonlytheapplicationoftechnicalexpertise,organizationalskill,andlabor.

Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.Therailroadscontributedtotheindustrialgrowthnotonlybyconnectingthesemajorcenters,butalsobythemselvesconsumingenormousamountsoffuel,iron,andcoal.

Manyfactorsinfluencedtheemergingmodesofproduction.Forexample,machinetools,thetoolsusedtomakegoods,weresteadilyimprovedinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury—alwayswithaneyetospeedierproductionandlowerunitcosts.Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthatinturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.

ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.EuropenowbegantosendtidesofimmigrantsfromeasternandsouthernEurope—mostofwhomwereoriginallypoorfarmersbutwhosettledinAmericanindustrialcities.ThemoneytofinancethistremendousexpansionoftheAmericaneconomystillcamefromEuropeanfinanciersforthemostpart,buttheAmericanswereapproachingthedaywhentheirexpansioncouldbefinancedintheirown“moneymarket”.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Railwayworkers.

B.Farmers.

C.Europeans.

D.Citydwellers.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?文章主要討論了什么？

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.A.美國鐵路的歷史。

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.B.美國主要的工業(yè)中心。

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.C.影響美國工業(yè)化的因素。

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.D.19世紀(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)的作用。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段講了美國用以發(fā)展重工業(yè)的自然資源非常豐富（tremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry），第二段講到鐵路對(duì)工業(yè)化的重要發(fā)展作用（movementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads），第三段講到工業(yè)化期間出現(xiàn)了新的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式（emergingmodesofproduction），第四段講到美國工業(yè)化期間的勞動(dòng)力（Thelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailways）和資金來源（Themoneytofinancethistremendousexpansion）。綜上所述，本文以工業(yè)化為中心，闡述了影響工業(yè)化發(fā)展的因素，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“美國鐵路的歷史”和D選項(xiàng)“19世紀(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)的作用”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)“美國主要的工業(yè)中心”：文中沒有提到具體的工業(yè)中心，屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?作者為什么提到“蜘蛛網(wǎng)”（第二段）？

A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.A.強(qiáng)調(diào)鐵路對(duì)石油和煤炭的消耗。

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.B.描述鐵路系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)。

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.C.解釋鐵路擴(kuò)張帶來的問題。

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.D.描述原材料分配的困難。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞Para.2和信息詞aspider’sweb定位到第二段第二句，該處講到“鐵路網(wǎng)迅速擴(kuò)張（railwaynetworkexpanded），直到（until）美國的鐵路地圖看起來像一張蜘蛛網(wǎng)，鐵路網(wǎng)連接著（connecting）所有重要的原材料來源地、它們的制造地點(diǎn)和配送中心。”，可知這里的蜘蛛網(wǎng)形容鐵路網(wǎng)，鐵路網(wǎng)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，連接著各個(gè)地點(diǎn)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)鐵路對(duì)石油和煤炭的消耗”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段最后一句“鐵路對(duì)工業(yè)的發(fā)展做出了貢獻(xiàn)（contributedtotheindustrialgrowth），不僅（notonly）因?yàn)樗B接了這些主要的中心，而且（butalso）因?yàn)樗旧硪蚕牧舜罅康娜剂?、鐵和煤?！?，這里表達(dá)的是鐵路對(duì)工業(yè)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)，而非被稱為蜘蛛網(wǎng)的原因，屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“解釋鐵路擴(kuò)張帶來的問題”和D選項(xiàng)“描述原材料分配的困難”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?根據(jù)文章，誰是工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的最大消費(fèi)者？

A.Railwayworkers.A.鐵路工人。

B.Farmers.B.農(nóng)民。

C.Europeans.C.歐洲人。

D.Citydwellers.D.城市居民。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞manufacturedproducts定位到第三段第三句，該處講到“工廠生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品（Theproductsofthefactories）迅速被不斷發(fā)展的城市所接收（growingcities），工人和商人以此謀生。”，可知消費(fèi)工業(yè)產(chǎn)品最多的是城市居民，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“鐵路工人”：對(duì)應(yīng)第四段第一句“修建鐵路（builttherailways）的勞動(dòng)力（labor）部分來自美國的農(nóng)場地區(qū)”，這里是說鐵路工人原本是農(nóng)民，而不是說鐵路工人消費(fèi)工業(yè)產(chǎn)品，屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民”：農(nóng)民是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)者，而不是消費(fèi)者，屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“歐洲人”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段最后一句“美國的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)滿足了城市的需求（keptupwiththeurbandemand），但仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品（surpluses）銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心（saletotheindustrialcentersofEurope）?！保芍N往歐洲工業(yè)中心的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品是小部分，而不是大部分，屬于偷換概念。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?關(guān)于19世紀(jì)的美國農(nóng)民，下列哪項(xiàng)不正確？

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.A.由于機(jī)械化，他們有的人丟了工作。

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.B.他們通過使用新機(jī)器提高了生產(chǎn)力。

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.C.他們把食物賣給歐洲國家。

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.D.他們無法為城市地區(qū)生產(chǎn)足夠的食物。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】此題定位到第三段最后一句，該處講到“美國的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)滿足了城市的需求（keptupwiththeurbandemand），仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心。”，可知他們?yōu)槌鞘刑峁┝俗銐虻氖澄?，還有剩余的可以用來出口，和文章內(nèi)容不符，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“由于機(jī)械化，他們有的人丟了工作”：對(duì)應(yīng)第四段第一句“美國農(nóng)場地區(qū)的人被農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械取代（Americanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery）”，機(jī)器代替人做農(nóng)活，做農(nóng)活的人由此失業(yè)，符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“他們通過使用新機(jī)器提高了生產(chǎn)力”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)又被新的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的使用所提高（moreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery）”，可知本選項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“他們把食物賣給歐洲國家”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段最后一句“仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心（saletotheindustrialcentersofEurope）?！保芍具x項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾。

20.單選題

Abouttwiceeverycentury,oneofthemassivestarsinourgalaxyblowsitselfapartinasupernovaexplosionthatsendsmassivequantitiesofradiationandmatterintospaceandgeneratesshockwavesthatsweepthroughthearmsofthegalaxy.Theshockwavesheattheinterstellargas,evaporatesmallclouds,andcompresslargeronestothepointatwhichtheycollapseundertheirowngravitytoformnewstars.Thegeneralpicturethathasbeendevelopedforthesupernovaexplosionanditsaftermathgoessomethinglikethis.Throughoutitsevolution,astarismuchlikealeakyballoon.Itkeepsitsequilibriumfigurethroughabalanceofinternalpressureagainstthetendencytocollapseunderitsownweight.Thepressureisgeneratedbynuclearreactionsinthecoreofthestarwhichmustcontinuallysupplyenergytobalancetheenergythatleaksoutintheformofradiation.Eventuallythenuclearfuelisexhausted,andthepressuredropsinthecore.Withnothingtoholditup,thematterinthecenterofthestarcollapsesinward,creatinghigherandhigherdensitiesandtemperatures,untilthenucleiandelectronsarefusedintoasuper-denselumpofmatterknownasaneutronstar.

Astheoverlyinglayersraindownonthesurfaceoftheneutronstar,thetemperaturerises,untilwithablindingflashofradiation,thecollapseisreversed.Athermonuclearshockwaverunsthroughthenowexpandingstellarenvelope,fusinglighterelementsintoheavieronesandproducingabrilliantvisualoutburstthatcanbeasintenseasthelightof10billionsuns.Theshellofmatterthrownoffbytheexplosionplowsthroughthesurroundinggas,producinganexpandingbubbleofhotgas,withgastemperaturesinthemillionsofdegrees.ThisgaswillemitmostofitsenergyatX-raywavelengths,soitisnotsurprisingthatX-rayobservatorieshaveprovidedsomeofthemostusefulinsightsintothenatureofthesupernovaphenomenon.MorethantwentysupernovaremnantshavenowbeendetectedinX-raystudies.

Recentdiscoveriesofmeteoriteswithanomalousconcentrationsofcertainisotopesindicatethatasupernovamighthaveprecipitatedthebirthofoursolarsystemmorethanfourandahalfbillionyearsago.AlthoughthecloudthatcollapsedtoformtheSunandtheplanetswascomposedprimarilyofhydrogenandhelium,italsocontainedcarbon,nitrogen,andoxygen,elementsessentialforlifeasweknowit.Elementsheavierthanheliumaremanufactureddeepintheinteriorofstarsandwould,forthemostpart,remainthereifitwerenotforthecataclysmicsupernovaexplosionsthatblowgiantstarsapart.Additionally,supernovasproducecloudsofhigh-energyparticlescalledcosmicrays.Thesehigh-energyparticlescontinuallybombardtheEarthandareresponsibleformanyofthegeneticmutationsthatarethedrivingforceoftheevolutionofspecies.

1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribesthecontentofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassageaneutronstaris（

）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemeteoritesmentionedbytheauthorinPara.3（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthefirsteventinthesequencethatleadstotheoccurrenceofasupernova?

5.Theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheOriginsandEffectsofSupernovas

B.ViolentChangeintheUniverse

C.TheAftermathofaSupernova

D.TheOriginsandEvolutionofLifeonEarth

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.agaseouscloudcontainingheavyelements

B.anintermediatestagebetweenanordinarystarandasupernova

C.thecoreofanordinarystarthathousesthethermonuclearreactions

D.oneofbillionsofmeteorsthatarescatteredacrossthegalaxybyasupernova

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.containdangerousconcentrationsofradioactivematerials

B.arelargerthanthemeteorsnormallyfoundinasolarsystemlikeours

C.containpiecesofasupernovathatoccurredseveralbillionyearsago

D.includematerialnotcreatedinthenormaldevelopmentofoursolarsystem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Anordinarystarbeginstoemit