考研考博-英語-保定職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-保定職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thepresident'sspeechwasso

thatmanypeoplewerepersuadedtoaccepttheneedforchange.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expressive

B.inherent

C.eloquent

D.frequent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。expressive“表現(xiàn)的”；inherent“固有的，內(nèi)在的”；eloquent“雄辯的，有口才的”；frequent“頻繁的”。句意：總統(tǒng)的演講非常有說服力，以至于許多人都被說服接受了變革的必要性。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

Hewasunabletoendurethetortureoftheenemyandsurrendered.He（）hiscomrades.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revealed

B.suspended

C.exposed

D.betrayed

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。revealed揭示；suspended懸浮，暫停；exposed使暴露，揭露；betrayed出賣，背叛。句意：他無法忍受敵人的折磨而投降了。他背叛了他的同志。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

3.單選題

Nooneis（

）aboutStephens;heinspireseitheruncriticaladulationorprofoundantipathyinthosewhoworkforhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.neutral

B.infuriated

C.anxiety

D.consternation

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)neutral“中立的”；B選項(xiàng)infuriated“激怒的；狂怒的”；C選項(xiàng)anxiety“焦慮；掛念”；D選項(xiàng)consternation“驚恐；驚慌失措”。句意：沒有人······斯蒂芬斯;在為他工作的人中間，他要么受到不加批判的奉承，要么引起深深的反感。“奉承”和“反感”可認(rèn)為是兩個(gè)極端，因此從情感色彩上來說，沒有人對(duì)斯蒂芬持有“中立”的態(tài)度，A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thestate,afterall,has4.3millionregisteredDemocrats,a(an)________1.1millionedgeoverRepublicans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.marginal

B.astounding

C.amusing

D.critical

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.marginal微不足道的，邊緣的B.astounding令人震驚的，使大吃一驚的

C.amusing有趣的，好笑的D.critical關(guān)鍵的，重要的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】anedgeoversb./sth.是固定搭配，意為“多出，具有優(yōu)勢”，空格處作定語修飾下文的“1.1millionedge（多出110萬名）”，結(jié)合前半句句意“畢竟（afterall），該州擁有430萬名登記在冊(cè)的民主黨人（4.3millionregisteredDemocrats）”可知，此處應(yīng)該是通過指出民主黨人比共和黨人多110萬名的事實(shí)，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)民主黨人數(shù)之多，110萬是一個(gè)龐大的數(shù)字，說明兩黨人數(shù)差距之大，令人吃驚。astounding指驚訝到難以置信，因此B選項(xiàng)astounding“令人震驚的，使大吃一驚的”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)marginal“微不足道的，邊緣的”指處于邊緣，幅度、范圍小，故價(jià)值或重要性不大，與題干語義相矛盾，應(yīng)該是“優(yōu)勢很大”而不是“優(yōu)勢很小”；

C選項(xiàng)amusing“有趣的，好笑的”指引起笑聲或享受，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)critical“關(guān)鍵的，重要的”指非常重要，將影響到未來的形勢，不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】畢竟，該州擁有430萬名登記在冊(cè)的民主黨人，比共和黨人多出驚人的110萬名。

5.單選題

ThepsychologistWilliamJamesbelievedthatfacialexpressionsnotonlyprovideavisible

signofan（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotionbutalsoactuallycontributingtothefeelingitself

B.emotion;theyalsoactuallycontributetothefeelingof

C.emotionbutalsoactuallycontributetothefeelingitself

D.emotion,actuallycontributingtothefeelingitself

【答案】C

【解析】notonly…butalso表示并列關(guān)系，前后分句的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該保持一致，賓語從句的主語為facialexpressions，notonly后面接的是provide，故butalso后面也應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)contributeto…故答案C。句意：心理學(xué)家威廉?詹姆斯認(rèn)為,面部表情不僅提供情感的可見跡象，而且也有助于感覺本身。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.

【答案】我們所遇到的幾乎所有重要問題都涉及到人的行為，而且僅靠物理技術(shù)和生物技術(shù)是無法解決這些問題的。我們所需要的是一種行為技術(shù)，但是可能產(chǎn)生這種技術(shù)的科學(xué)一直發(fā)展緩慢。難題之一在于所謂的行為科學(xué)幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。物理學(xué)和生物學(xué)一度模仿類似的做法并且只有當(dāng)它們拋棄這些做法后才得到發(fā)展。行為科學(xué)之所以發(fā)展緩慢，部分原因是用來解釋行為的依據(jù)似乎往往是直接觀察到的，部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。

7.單選題

Inthe1960sand'70softhelastunlamentedcentury,therewasaNewYorktelevisionproducernamedDavidSusskind.Hewascommerciallysuccessful;hewasalso,surprisingly,amanofstrongpoliticalviewswhichheknewhowtopresentsotactfullythatnetworkswereoftenunawareofjustwhathewasgettingawaywithontheir—our—air.Politically,helikedtogetstrong-mindedgueststositwithhimataroundtableinarattybuildingatthecornerofBroadwayand42ndStreet.Soonerorlater,justabouteveryoneofinterestappearedonhisprogram.Needlesstosay,healsohadtimeforVivienLeightodiscussherrecentdivorcefromLaurenceOlivier,whichsummonedforththemysteriouscryfromtheformerScarlettO'Hara,“IamdeeplysorryforanywomanwhowasnotmarriedtoLarryOlivier.”Sincethistookinseveralbillionladies(nottomentionthosegentlemenwhomighthaveofferedtofill,asitwere,thebreach),Leighcausedaproperstir,asdidtheballerinaAliciaMarkova,whogentlyassuredusthat“aMarkovacomesonlyonceeveryhundredyearsorso.”

Isuspectitwasthedimlightingonthesetthatinvitedsuchnakedtruths.Davidwatchedhispennies.Idon'trecallhow,orwhen,webeganour“StatesoftheUnion”programs.Butwedidthemyearafteryear.Iwouldfollowwhoeverhappenedtobepresident,andI'dcorrecthis“real”StateoftheUnionwithoneofmyown,improvisingfromquestionsthatDavidwouldprepare.Iwasapoliticalpunditbecauseina1960racefortheHouseofRepresentatives(upstateNewYork),Igotmorevotesthantheheadoftheticket,JFK;in1962,IturneddowntheDemocraticnominationforU.S.Senateonthesensiblegroundthatitwasnotwinnable;Ialsohadaprettygoodmemoryinthosedays,nowa-janglewithwarningbellsasItrytorecallthenationaldebtor,morepoignantly,whereIlastsawmyglasses.

I'vejustcomeacrossmy“StateoftheUnion”asof1972.In1972,Ibegin:“Accordingtothepolls,oursecondprincipalconcerntodayisthebreakdownoflawandorder.”(What,Iwonder,wasthefirst?Let'shopeitwasthepointless,seven-year—atthatpoint—warinSoutheastAsia.)Inotedthattothosedie-hardconservatives,“l(fā)awandorder”isusuallyacodephrasemeaning“gettheblacks.”While,towhatanorexic,vacant-eyedblondewomenonTVnowdescribeasthe“l(fā)iberalelite,”wewerepushingthecareful—thatis,slow—eliminationofpoverty.Butthen,Isayverymildly,wehaveonlyonepoliticalpartyintheUnitedStates,thePropertyParty,withtworightwings,RepublicanandDemocrat.SinceItendedtospeaktoconservativeaudiencesinsuchcivilizedplacesasMedford,Oregon;Parkersburg,WestVirginia;andLongview,Washington,thereare,predictably,afewgaspsatthisrejectionofsomuchreceivedopinion.Therearealsoquiteafewnodsfrominterestedcitizenswhofinditdifficultatelectiontimetotellthepartiesapart.WasitinpristineMedfordthatIactuallysawthenoddingRalphNaderwhomIwas,tohishorror,torunforpresidentthatyearinEsquire?Inspiredbythenods,Istarttogeldthelily,asthelateSamGoldwynusedtosay.TheRepublicansareoftenmoredoctrinairethantheDemocrats,whoarewillingtomakesmall—verysmall—adjustmentswherethepoorandblackareconcernedwhilegivingaidandcomforttotheanti-imperialists.

1.WemayunderstandAliciaMarkovatobe（

）.

2.Inthepassage,theauthorremindsthereaderthatthebroadcastbandsare

（

）.

3.Theauthornowfindsitdifficultto

（

）.

4.Theauthorobservesthatanti-crimeinitiativesbyAmerica'spoliticalrightofteneitherresultinorarebasedupon

（

）.

5.TheauthorwasinvitedtoparticipateinSuskind'stelevisionprogramsbecause（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acurrentpopularfigureintheUnitedStates

B.amuchsought-afterinterviewsubject

C.apopular,ratherthanintellectual,interviewsubject

D.aRussiandefectortotheUnitedStates

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.invariablyusedforthepublicgood

B.private,ratherthanpublic,property

C.public,ratherthanprivate,property

D.fairandbalanced

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.runforSenate

B.differentiatebetweenaRepublicanandaDemocrat

C.rememberdetailsorinformation

D.identifycode-wordsinthemedia

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedesiretoeliminatepoverty

B.protectionofproperty

C.theStateoftheUnion

D.profiling.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ofhisvariedpoliticalexperience

B.heturneddowntheDemocraticnominationforU.S.Senate

C.hisknowledgeofLarryOlivier

D.hisstatusasananti-imperialist

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由第一段中“Leighcausedaproperstir,asdidtheballerinaAliciaMarkova,whogentlyassuredusthat‘a(chǎn)Markovacomesonlyonceeveryhundredyearsorso.’費(fèi)雯?麗（英國電影演員）引起了一場特有的轟動(dòng)，正如芭蕾舞女演員艾麗西亞?瑪克娃溫和地向我們保證‘一個(gè)瑪克娃每一百年左右才出現(xiàn)一次’所帶來的轟動(dòng)一樣?！焙臀闹刑峒啊按笮l(wèi)?薩斯坎德（DavidSusskind）是紐約的一位電視節(jié)目制作人”可推知“艾麗西亞?瑪克娃是一位受歡迎而不理智的采訪對(duì)象”，C選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。由第一段中“…sotactfullythatnetworkswereoftenunawareofjustwhathewasgettingawaywithontheir-our-air…如此巧妙地，以至于廣播電視網(wǎng)經(jīng)常不知曉他(即大衛(wèi)?薩斯坎德)在他們自己的電臺(tái)上僥幸逃脫了什么。”可知B選項(xiàng)“私有的而不是公有的財(cái)產(chǎn)”正確。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段中“IturneddowntheDemocraticnominationforU.S.senateonthesensiblegroundthatitwasnotwinnable…我基于明智的理由（即進(jìn)入?yún)⒆h院是不可成功的）而拒絕了美國參議員民主黨提名”可知A選項(xiàng)“競選參議院席位”正確。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。由第三段中“Butthen,Isayverymildly,wehaveonlyonepoliticalpartyintheUnitedStates,thePropertyParty,withtworightwings,RepublicanandDemocrat.然而，我非常溫和地說，我們?cè)诿绹挥幸粋€(gè)政黨，即產(chǎn)權(quán)黨，它有著民主黨和共和黨兩個(gè)權(quán)力黨派?！笨芍狟選項(xiàng)“保護(hù)產(chǎn)權(quán)”正確。

第5題:5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段中“Iwasapoliticalpundit…我是一位政治專家”可知A項(xiàng)“他的各種政治經(jīng)驗(yàn)”正確。

8.翻譯題

Light,durable(經(jīng)久耐用),simpleandinexpensive,suchdevicesarewarmlyreceivedbyusers.

【答案】這種裝置（重量輕、耐用、簡單、價(jià)廉）受到用戶的熱烈歡迎。

9.單選題

Thesinger’sperformancewassoexcitingthatmanyofhisfanswere（

）enthusiasm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stirredupwith

B.fantasizedwith

C.takebackwith

D.carriedawaywith

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。carryawaywith表示“使失去自制力”。句意：這位歌手的表演是如此令人興奮，以至于很多他的粉絲狂熱而失去了自制力。D項(xiàng)符合題意。fantasize幻想、想象；stirup煽動(dòng)；takeback帶回。

10.單選題

Thepresidentexplainedthatthepurposeoftaxationwasto（

）governmentspending.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.finance

B.expand

C.enlarge

D.budget

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:總統(tǒng)解釋說，稅收的目的是為政府開支（

）。

Finance為...提供資金;expand擴(kuò)大;enlarge擴(kuò)大;budget安排開支,預(yù)算。故選A。

11.單選題

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.annoyance

B.offence

C.resentment

D.irritation

【答案】B

【解析】句意:記者和攝像師們都因?yàn)檫@個(gè)演員在采訪中的無禮行為而感到被冒犯。

名詞辨析。惱怒,生氣;offence冒犯;常用于短語takeoffenceatsth.表示“因?yàn)槟呈露械奖粋Α⒈幻胺浮?；resentment怨恨;irritation憤怒。因此根據(jù)句意及搭配推斷B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Ifyourgoalsaregeneral,youshould（

）them（

）intosub-goals,sothatyouhaveascheduleforeachsub-goaltoo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.undertake...for

B.minimize...with

C.induct...with

D.pare...down

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配undertake“承擔(dān)，從事”；induct“引導(dǎo)；感應(yīng)”；minimize“使減到最少；極度輕視”；pare······down把······消減成······

。句意：如果你的目標(biāo)太籠統(tǒng)，那么你就應(yīng)該將它們分為子目標(biāo)，這樣你對(duì)每個(gè)子目標(biāo)也有相應(yīng)的計(jì)劃表。由句意可知D項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

“Morehaste,lessspeed”issayingtwooppositethings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aneppe

B.aquest

C.aparadox

D.aclue

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。oppositethings表示“相反的事情”；A項(xiàng)eppe“擊劍運(yùn)動(dòng)用的重劍”，B項(xiàng)quest“追求”，C項(xiàng)paradox“悖論，反論”，D項(xiàng)clue“線索”。句意：“欲速則不達(dá)”是兩種截然相反的說法。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thereisno（）evidencethatthediplomaticrelationswillberestoredtonormalbetweenthesetwocountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tangible

B.touchable

C.noticeable

D.inevitable

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。tangible“切實(shí)的”；touchable“可觸摸的”；noticeable“顯著的”；inevitable“不可避免的”。句意：沒有確鑿的證據(jù)證明這兩個(gè)國家之間的關(guān)系將恢復(fù)正常。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

Mutualrespectforterritorial______isoneofthebasesuponwhichourtwocountriesdeveloprelationships.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unity

B.integrity

C.entirely

D.reliability

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。unity“統(tǒng)一”；integrity“完整，正直”;entirely“完全地”；reliability“可靠性”。句意：對(duì)領(lǐng)土完整的相互尊重是兩國關(guān)系發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)之一。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

Thenoisewasso（）thatonlythosewithexcellenthearingwereawareofit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dim

B.quiet

C.gentle

D.faint

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dim“不亮的；看不清的”；B選項(xiàng)quiet“安靜的”；C選項(xiàng)gentle“溫和的；文雅的；高尚的”；D選項(xiàng)faint“微弱的；模糊的；不清楚的”。句意：噪音非?！灾劣谥挥芯哂辛己寐犃Φ娜瞬拍苈牭?。詞組sothat“如此……以至于……”后半句只有聽力非常出色的人才能聽到，由此可知，噪音是非常微弱的。故選D。

17.單選題

Thefarmerusedwoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.with

D.inwhich

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意：那位農(nóng)民用木頭蓋了一所房子，用來儲(chǔ)存糧食。橫線前面部分是完整的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，橫線到句尾要么是短語要么是從句，根據(jù)語境，后面部分還原成tostoregraininahouse，強(qiáng)調(diào)在房子里面儲(chǔ)存糧食，D選項(xiàng)inwhich是修飾storegrain的狀語，A選項(xiàng)which不能作狀語；B選項(xiàng)where雖然也可以作狀語，但是指在建造房子的整個(gè)地方，而不是房子里面；C選項(xiàng)with后面接介詞to語法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Chinatodayishometo1.3billionpeople——nearlyonequarteroftheworld’spopulation.ThegrowthofChina'spopulationislargelytheresultofmodernization,whichhasbroughtwithitmorefood,bettermedicalcare,lessdisease,andfewerepidemicsandfamines.ThedeathrateinChinahasdecreased,andmorechildrensurvive.ThehighersurvivalrateinChinameansthatmorepeopleareenteringchildbearingage.ThispopulationgrowthwasthreateningtodestroyChina’schancestobecomearichercountry:justprovidingfoodandbasicnecessitiesforeveryonewouldconsumeallofitseconomicgains.

Totametheexplosivepopulationgrowth,theChinesegovernmentlaunchedadrasticpolicyofallowingonechildperfamily.Toenforcethispolicy,thegovernmenthasavarietyofincentivesforthosewhocomplyandpunishmentforthosewhodonot.Forexample,coupleswhohaveonlyonechildgetamonthlypayuntilthechildisfourteen,specialconsiderationforscarcehousing,freemedicalcare,andextrapensionbenefits.Thepressuretoconformispowerful.Coupleswhoignorethestate’sdirectivesuffersocialdisgraceandeconomicpenalties.

Thefamily-planningpolicy,institutedinChinain1979,hasbeenremarkablyeffective(thoughconsiderablymoresoincitiesthaninthecountryside).Birthstowomanofchildbearingagehavefallendramaticallytoabout2.5childrenforeverywoman.

Chinamayeventuallysucceedinbalancingitspopulationgrowth,butindoingso,itiscreatinganewproblem.TheironyisthatbecauseoftheverysuccessofChina’spopulationpolicy,theChinesepopulationisagingrapidly.In1982,5%ofthepopulationwasoverage64.In2010,about9%willbeover64andin2050,25%willbe.Atthefamilylevel,childrenwithoutbrothersorsisterswilleachhavetocarefortwoagingparents.Atthenationallevel,thegreatnumbersofagingpeoplewilltaxthesociety’sresources.Chinastaresthisproblemarapidlyagingpopulationwithoutalargeenoughfollowinggenerationtosupportit——withmanyofthedevelopednationsoftheworld.

1.Accordingtothepassage,Chinaisinapopulationdilemmainthesensethat（）.

2.TopunishthosewhoviolatethefamilyplanningpolicytheChinesegovernmentdoeswhichofthe

following?

3.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingarethecausesforthepopulationexplosioninChina

except（）.

4.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreoldpeoplesurviveinthesociety

B.Chinesepopulationwillcontinuetoincreaserapidlyinthenearfuture

C.birth-ratedecreasesbutthepercentageofoldpeopleincreases

D.itisdifficulttocarryoutthefamilyplanningpolicy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Advisethemtoobservetherule

B.Reducetheirwages

C.Finethosecouples

D.Putthemintoprison

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.bettereducation

B.betterhealth

C.betterlife

D.decreaseddeathrate

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.explainwhythefamilyplanningpolicyisadoptedinChina

B.predictthepopulationprobleminChina

C.demonstratethecauseandeffectofthefamilyplanningpolicy

D.illustratetheresultoffamilyplanningpolicy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“中國在人口方面面臨的一個(gè)窘境是……”。文章第四段提到由于計(jì)劃生育的成功，中國人口正在迅速老齡化（Chinamayeventuallysucceedinbalancingitspopulationgrowth,butindoingso,itiscreatinganewproblem.TheironyisthatbecauseoftheverysuccessofChina’spopulationpolicy,theChinesepopulationisagingrapidly），因此選項(xiàng)C“出生率降低，但是人口老齡化加劇”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“為了懲罰那些違反計(jì)劃生育的人，政府是怎樣做的？”文章第二段最后一句話提到忽視國家政策的夫妻會(huì)受到經(jīng)濟(jì)處罰（Coupleswhoignorethestate'sdirectivesuffersocialdisgraceandeconomicpenalties），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“下列選項(xiàng)中都是中國人口爆炸的原因，除了哪一項(xiàng)？”文章第一段第二句話提到中國人口增長是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)代化帶來了更多的食物，更好的醫(yī)療條件，疾病減少，流行病和饑荒減少（ThegrowthofChina’spopulationislargelytheresultofmodernization,whichhasbroughtwithitmorefood,bettermedicalcare,lessdisease,andfewerepidemicsandfamines），由此可知只有選項(xiàng)A“好的教育”沒有提及，符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章的主要目的是什么？”文章開篇講述了中國人口增長的原因，及其弊端，從而引出“計(jì)劃生育”，詳細(xì)說明了這一政策的實(shí)施方式以及取得的效果。后半部分講述了該政策帶來的問題。因此選項(xiàng)C“說明計(jì)劃生育的原因及其影響”符合題意。

19.單選題

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence（）abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelin9years.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“飆升，驟然上升”；B選項(xiàng)“突變，變成”；C選項(xiàng)“驟降，暴跌”；D選項(xiàng)“上下波動(dòng)”，句意：根據(jù)最新的報(bào)告，上個(gè)月消費(fèi)者信心指數(shù)（）驚人的15點(diǎn)，達(dá)到了9年來的最低水平。既然說了是最低水平，那么句意應(yīng)該是“下降了驚人的15個(gè)點(diǎn)”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.翻譯題

WhatisitthatwemeanbyLiterature?Popularly,andamongstthethoughtless,itisheldtoincludeeverythingthatisprintedinabook.Littlelogicisrequiredtodisturbthatdefinition.Themostthoughtlesspersoniseasilymadeawarethatintheideaofliteratureoneessentialelementissomerelationtoageneralandcommoninterestofman—sothatwhatappliesonlytoalocal,orprofessional,ormerelypersonalinterest,eventhoughpresentingitselfintheshapeofabook,willnotbelongtoLiterature.

Sofarthedefinitioniseasilynarrowed;anditisalsoeasilyexpanded.FornotonlyismuchthattakesastationinbooksnotLiterature;butinversely,muchthatreallyisLiteratureneverreachesastationinbooks.TheweeklysermonsofChristendom,thatvastpulpitliteraturewhichactssoextensivelyuponthepopularmind—towarn,touphold,torenew,tocomfort,toalarm—doesnotattainthesanctuaryoflibrariesintheten-thousandthpartofitsextent.TheDramaagain—as,forinstance,thefinestofShakespeare’splaysinEngland,andmanyleadingAthenianplays—operatedasaliteratureonthepublicmind,andwere(accordingtothestrictestletterofthatterm)publishedthroughtheaudiencesthatwitnessedtheirrepresentationsometimebeforetheywerepublishedasthingstoberead;andtheywerepublishedinthismodeofpublicationwithmuchmoreeffectthantheycouldhavehadasbooksduringagesofcostlycopyingorofcostlyprinting.

【答案】【參考譯文】我們所說的文學(xué)到底是什么呢？一般來說，人們會(huì)不假思索地認(rèn)為一切書中所印之物都是文學(xué)。這種說法經(jīng)不起深究，再粗心的人也很容易意識(shí)到文學(xué)是聯(lián)系著人們普遍興趣的一個(gè)重要因素——僅僅是一個(gè)地方，一個(gè)行業(yè)或者是一個(gè)人的興趣，即使以書本的形式出現(xiàn)也不算是文學(xué)。

文學(xué)的定義很容易受到限制，同樣也很容易被擴(kuò)大。大多數(shù)的書本都不能稱之為文學(xué)，而相反的是，很多真正的文學(xué)卻從未踏入過書本的行列?；浇烫美锩總€(gè)禮拜的布道詞，數(shù)量巨大的文學(xué)講壇，它們通過告誡、鼓勵(lì)、振奮、安撫或警示對(duì)人們的心理產(chǎn)生了巨大而廣泛的作用，但它們?cè)趫D書館里還占不到千分之一的席位。戲劇也是如此，舉個(gè)例子來說，英國莎士比亞最優(yōu)秀的戲劇，以及代表所有希臘燦爛文化的劇作早已在它們成為出版物被人傳閱之前就已經(jīng)在大眾面前發(fā)表過了（根據(jù)“發(fā)表”一詞最準(zhǔn)確的意義來講），并且在那個(gè)傳抄和打印價(jià)格都很昂貴的年代里，它們以戲劇的形式發(fā)表而產(chǎn)生的影響遠(yuǎn)勝于書本所造成的影響。

21.單選題

Intheprocessofacquiringknowledge,asmuchcanbelearnedfromseekingasfromfinding,fromjourneysasfrom（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.travel

B.destination

C.instruction

D.seeking

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知,“seeking”和“finding”相對(duì),那么填空處的詞應(yīng)該與“journeys”相對(duì),首先排除選項(xiàng)D;其次選項(xiàng)A與之意思相同,也可排除;選項(xiàng)C不符合句意;只有選項(xiàng)B正確。

22.單選題

Thesoilispartoftheearth,（）theatmosphere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asitis

B.thesameis

C.sois

D.andsois

【答案】D

【解析】asitis

實(shí)際上,

事實(shí)上,

既然如此；same常用搭配是thesameas；選項(xiàng)C缺少連詞，所以本題選項(xiàng)D。句意：土地是地球的一部分,

大氣也是。

23.單選題

Ifyouwanttobuythishouse,thepaymentmaybemadeinfive（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.installments

B.pieces

C.shares

D.parts

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)installments“分期付款”；B選項(xiàng)pieces“塊，文章”；C選項(xiàng)shares“股份”；D選項(xiàng)parts“部分”。句意：如果你想買這棟房子，可以_____。這句話表示是“可以分五期付款”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

24.翻譯題

將模糊性(fuzzy,adj)和定性評(píng)價(jià)合理地轉(zhuǎn)化為定量評(píng)價(jià)，進(jìn)而選擇最優(yōu)設(shè)計(jì)解，是產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵。論文運(yùn)用模糊綜合評(píng)判與比較的方法，以MicrosoftVisualBasic5.0為軟件平臺(tái)，建立了計(jì)算機(jī)輔助的設(shè)計(jì)方案擇優(yōu)系統(tǒng)。提供了對(duì)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)方案定量評(píng)價(jià)和擇優(yōu)、將結(jié)果存檔、調(diào)用和打印等功能。

【答案】Itisaveryimportantprocedureofproductdesigntotransformrationallyfuzzyandqualitativeevaluationintoquantitativeevaluationforoptimumsolution.Thispaperintroducesacomputer-aidedselectionsystemforoptimumsolutiontoproducedesign.ThesystemisestablishedontheplatformofMicrosoftVisualBasic5.0withthemethodoffuzzycomprehensivejudgmentsandcomparison.Ithasthefunctionsofquantitativeevaluation,selectionoftheoptimumdesignsolution,filling,consultingandprintingoftheoptimizedresults.

25.單選題

Theresultmeansthatthe______worldchampionhasextendedhisleadinthisseason’schampionship.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tramping

B.loitering

C.reigning

D.strolling

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)tramping為動(dòng)詞tramp的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“踩，步行”，B項(xiàng)loitering為動(dòng)詞loiter的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“閑蕩，虛度，盤旋”，C項(xiàng)reigning為形容詞，表示“統(tǒng)治的，在位的，本屆的”，D項(xiàng)strolling為形容詞，表示“巡回演出的，消閑散步的”。空格處缺少一個(gè)定語修飾worldchampion“世界冠軍”，由此可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：這一結(jié)果意味著這位衛(wèi)冕世界冠軍在本賽季的錦標(biāo)賽中擴(kuò)大了領(lǐng)先優(yōu)勢。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

26.單選題

Bettywasconcernedthathergreatsocialpopularity（）adiscouragingeffectonthemanshewantedtomarry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldbe

B.hadbeen

C.willbe

D.mighthave

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)與題干可知本題考查的是虛擬語氣。句意：貝蒂擔(dān)心她巨大的社會(huì)聲望……對(duì)她想要嫁的男人會(huì)產(chǎn)生令人沮喪的影響。根據(jù)句意可推測，她的巨大聲望可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生某種影響，可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

27.單選題

Iaskedthecounselortogivemea（）estimateofthefeeofdefendingmycaseincourt.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rude

B.crude

C.rough

D.coarse

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)rude表示“粗魯?shù)?；無禮的，未開化的”，B選項(xiàng)crude表示“粗糙的，天然的，未加工的”，C選項(xiàng)rough表示“粗糙的，粗略的，艱苦的，未加工的”，D選項(xiàng)coarse表示“粗鄙的；粗糙的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞estimate可知，我讓律師對(duì)我的案件上庭辯護(hù)所需費(fèi)用進(jìn)行粗略估算。因此，只有C項(xiàng)最符合原文語境，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

28.單選題

Ifyouwantto（）apleasantvisit,findoutasmuchaspossibleaboutthemannersandcustomsofyourhostcountry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.secure

B.ensure

C.assure

D.restore

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。secure"保護(hù)，使安全"，securesb./sth.使某人或某物安全；ensure后面一般接sth.或that從句，指“確?！保籥ssure"使相信，使確信"，assure后面一般接sb.指向某人保證；restore"歸還，修復(fù)"。句意：如果你想確保一次愉快的旅行，盡可能多地了解東道國的風(fēng)俗禮儀。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

29.單選題

Ineverexpectedyouto（）atthemeeting.Ithoughtyouwereabroad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnaround

B.turnon

C.turndown

D.turnup

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我從未料到你會(huì)出現(xiàn)在會(huì)議中。我以為你在國外。

考查短語辨析。。turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身；turnon升起；turndown拒絕；減少turnup出現(xiàn)、露面。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

30.單選題

Fromhisdirections,itshouldn'tbedifficultto（

）thebeachhouseinthemap,eventhoughyouhaveneverbeentherebefore.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.determine

B.locate

C.unearth

D.ascertain

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。determine“確定某事物，決定”；locate“找出;使坐落于”；unearth“發(fā)掘，掘出”；ascertain“確定，查明”。句意：根據(jù)他的指示，你不難在地圖上找到那棟海濱別墅的地點(diǎn)，即使你從來沒有去過那個(gè)地方。

31.單選題

Hotmetal______asitgrowscooler.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contracts

B.reduces

C.condenses

D.compresses

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.contracts（使）收縮，縮小B.reduces減少；降低

C.condenses（由氣體）冷凝，（使氣體）凝結(jié)D.compresses（被）壓緊，壓縮

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞cooler（變冷），結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，熱脹冷縮，所以空格處表示“縮小”，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意；

D項(xiàng)是指由于外力的壓縮造成的，不符合語境。

【句意】熱金屬一開始變冷就收縮。

32.單選題

“Ineveryknownhumansocietythemale’sneedsforachievementcanberecognized.Inagreatnumberofhumansocietiesmen’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.Theirmalenessinfacthastobeunderwrittenbypreventingwomenfromenteringsomefieldorperformingsomefeat.”

ThisistheconclusionoftheanthropologistMargaretMeadaboutthewayinwhichtherolesofmenandwomeninsocietyshouldbedistinguished.

Iftalkandprintareconsidereditwouldseemthattheformalemancipationofwomenisfarfromcomplete.Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemofdefenceswhichmenhavethrownuparoundtheirhithertoacceptedadvantages,takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.

Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sstatus.Inthefirstplace,thereisthewidespreadpostwarphenomenonofthewomanPrimeMinister,inIndia,SriLankaandIsrael.

Secondly,thereistheverylargeincreaseinthenumberofwomenwhowork,especiallymarriedwomenandmothersofchildren.Morediffuselytherearetheincreasinglynumerousconvergencesbetweenmaleandfemalebehavior:theapproximationtoidenticalstylesindressandcoiffure,thesharingofdomestictasks,andtheadmissionofwomentoallsortsofhithertoexclusivelymaleleisure-timeactivities.

Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.Amorousinitiativeisfirmlyreservedtotheman,whosetsaboutcourtshipwithaclub.

52.Thephrase“men’ssurenessoftheirsexrole”inthefirstparagraphsuggeststhatthey（）.

53.ThethirdparagraphdoesNOTclaimthatmen（）.

54.Thethirdparagraph（）.

55.Attheendofthelastparagraphtheauthoruseshumorousexaggerationinorderto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.areconfidentintheirabilitytocharmwomen

B.taketheinitiativeincourtship

C.haveaclearideaofwhatisconsidered“manly”

D.tendtobemoreimmoralthanwomenare

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.preventwomenfromtakingupcertainprofessions

B.secretlyadmirewomen’sintellectandresolution

C.doubtwhetherwomenreallymeantosucceedinbusiness

D.forbidwomentojoincertainclubsandsocieties

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.generallyagreeswiththefirstparagraph

B.hasnoconnectionwithfirstparagraph

C.repeatstheargumentofthesecondparagraph

D.contradictsthelastparagraph

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.showthatmenarestrongerthanwomen

B.carryfurthertheideasoftheearlierparagraphs

C.supportthefirst.sentenceofthesameparagraph

D.disowntheideasheisexpressing

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】52.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段men’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice．（男子對(duì)其性別角色的確定與他們從事某些婦女不允許從事的活動(dòng)的權(quán)利或能力有關(guān)）。從此句可知，男人們很清楚自己的“大男人”的角色，并且通過一些方式來把握和鞏固這個(gè)地位，因此C選項(xiàng)“清楚地知道什么才是‘男子漢氣概’”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)自己吸引女性的能力有信心”，沒有提及；B選項(xiàng)“在求愛中采取主動(dòng)”，亦沒有提及；D選項(xiàng)“往往比女人更不道德”，文章沒有具體說明。

53.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemof...doubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.（有大量的出版物是關(guān)于持續(xù)的對(duì)婦女的家庭束縛，關(guān)于男性為他們迄今所接受的優(yōu)勢建立的復(fù)雜的防御體系，有時(shí)以排除在各種職業(yè)和社交團(tuán)體之外的明顯形式出現(xiàn)，有時(shí)，更微妙的形式是，對(duì)女性自命不凡的嚴(yán)肅程度的自動(dòng)懷疑，就像人們認(rèn)為的，男性在管理世界時(shí)所具有的智慧和決心。）從這段話中可以看到A選項(xiàng)“阻止婦女從事某種職業(yè)”；B選項(xiàng)“暗自羨慕女人的智慧和決心”以及D選項(xiàng)“禁止婦女參加某些俱樂部和社團(tuán)”都是文段中有提到的，只有C選項(xiàng)“懷疑女性是否真的想在商業(yè)上取得成功”是沒有提及的，因此C選項(xiàng)當(dāng)選。

54.判斷推理題。第一段講述的是男性會(huì)通過阻止婦女進(jìn)入某個(gè)領(lǐng)域或從事某項(xiàng)壯舉來保證他們的男子氣概，而第三段說Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageof...occupationandsociablegroupings.（關(guān)于婦女繼續(xù)受到家庭奴役和男子圍繞其迄今為止公認(rèn)的優(yōu)勢所建立的復(fù)雜的防御體系的出版物層出不窮，有時(shí)采取明顯的形式，將婦女排除在各種職業(yè)和社交團(tuán)體之外。）和第一段說的幾乎都是同樣的主題，因此A選項(xiàng)“大致同意第一段”正確。B選項(xiàng)“和第一段沒有關(guān)系”；C選項(xiàng)“重復(fù)第二段的論點(diǎn)”以及D選項(xiàng)“與最后一段矛盾”，最后一段并沒有談到這方面的信息，都不正確。

55.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段，在文章最后一段結(jié)尾處作者用比較夸張的方式提到，在原始社會(huì)里，男人和女人的分工，以及扮演的角色。而本段第一句話Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.（人們都持著那種從人類最原始的狀態(tài)時(shí)就有的關(guān)于男人和女人社會(huì)角色的觀點(diǎn)。）因此最后兩句話形象而具體地解釋了那種觀點(diǎn)