考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東工程職業(yè)技術(shù)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東工程職業(yè)技術(shù)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Studieshaveprovedthatsmartpeopletendtobesmartacrossdifferentkindsof（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.institutions

B.occasions

C.characters

D.realms

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。institution“機(jī)構(gòu)，制度”；occasion“場(chǎng)合，機(jī)會(huì)”；character“性格，角色”；realm“領(lǐng)域，范圍”。句意為：研究表明，聰明的人容易在各個(gè)不同的領(lǐng)域都表現(xiàn)得很聰明。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

TheOlympicGames（

）in776B.C.inOlympia,asmalltowninGreece.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.originated

B.stemmed

C.derived

D.descended

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)起源于公元前776年希臘一個(gè)叫奧林匹亞的小鎮(zhèn)。

originatedin起源于，通常后面接地點(diǎn);steemed一般與介詞from連用表示“源于”;derivedfrom由…衍生而來(lái);descendfrom由…傳下來(lái)，通常后面接某人。

3.翻譯題

但是，對(duì)于所有的正在進(jìn)行的激動(dòng)人心的工作而言，科學(xué)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有達(dá)到一個(gè)能塑造完美的人或者甚至一個(gè)完美的番茄的美好新世界的境地。在基因治療普及之前，仍然需要做大量研究。如果許多疾病真的可以治療的話，那將花上數(shù)十年的時(shí)間。

就短期而言，基因篩選將是運(yùn)用新技術(shù)的最可行的辦法。醫(yī)生們能在治療各種DNA缺陷之前檢測(cè)到它們。在某些情況下，這些信息可以延緩疾病的發(fā)作或是減輕它的病癥。例如，一個(gè)有著遺傳性易患心臟病體質(zhì)的人可以進(jìn)行低脂肪的飲食。如果科學(xué)家由于制造一種重要蛋白質(zhì)的基因存在缺陷從而導(dǎo)致這種蛋白質(zhì)失去的話，也許科學(xué)家就可以給這位病人提供人工蛋白質(zhì)。然而，在其他的情況下，對(duì)于阻止由于基因突變而導(dǎo)致的不幸?guī)缀鯚o(wú)能為力。

【答案】Forallthefeveredworkbeingdone,however,scienceisstillfarawayfromtheBraveNewWorldvisionofengineeringaperfecthumanorevenaperfecttomato.Muchmoreresearchisneededbeforegenetherapybecomescommonplace,andmanydiseaseswilltakedecadestoconquer,iftheycanbeconqueredatall.

Intheshortrun,themostpracticalwaytousethenewtechnologywillbeingeneticscreening.DoctorswillbeabletodetectallsortsofflawsinDNAlongbeforetheycanbefixed.Insomecasestheknowledgemayleadtotreatmentsthatdelaytheonsetofthediseaseorsoftenitseffects.Someonewithageneticpredispositiontoheartdisease,forexample,couldfollowalow-fatdiet.Andifscientistsdeterminethatavitalproteinismissingbecausethegenethatwassupposedtomakeitisdefective,theymightbeabletogivethepatientanartificialversionoftheprotein.Butinotherinstances,almostnothingcanbedonetostoptheravagesbroughtonbygeneticmutations.

4.單選題

ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilder（筑堤人）culturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewestanotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.Itscenterwasbeneathpresent-daySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoencompassmostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisiansandfromOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandwarfare,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.900and1100thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofapalisaded（用柵圍護(hù)）Indiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokia,asthiscenterofMississippicultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramics（陶器）finelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmica（云母）sheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintoolmaking,hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsalt-making.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Theparagraphprecedingthisonemostprobablydiscussed（

）.

3.InrelationtotheMississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculturewas

located（

）.

4.TheMississippiancultureinfluencedthecultureofthe（

）

5.Accordingtothepassage,themoundswereusedas（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheMississippianculture.

B.ThedeclineofMoundBuilderculture.

C.ThearchitectureofMeso-AmericanIndians.

D.Theeasternwoodlandstribes.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theMoundBuilderculture

B.warfareinAD500

C.thegeographyoftheMississippiarea

D.agricultureneartheMississippiRiver

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.inessentiallythesamearea

B.farthersouthalongthewatershed

C.totheeast

D.tothewest

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.easternwoodlandtribes

B.MoundBuilders

C.Meso-Americans

D.Egyptians

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.palacesfortheroyalfamilies

B.fortressesfordefense

C.centersforconductingtrade

D.placesforburyingthedead

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。作者以時(shí)間為軸線介紹了密西西比文化。

2.推斷題。第一句為:ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilder（筑堤人）culturewasdeclining,緊接著這種文化衰退的兩個(gè)可能性的因素，進(jìn)而又講述了另一種文化的繁榮。因此推測(cè)上一段應(yīng)該是關(guān)于'theMoundBuilderculture’。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章介紹完‘筑堤人文化’之后接著說(shuō)到‘Tothewestanotherculture/因此可以得知‘密西西比文化位于筑堤人文化的西邊。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章指出:begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes(密西西比文化開(kāi)始向東影響大多數(shù)技術(shù)落后的林地部落的生活)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章指出:builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces(‘themounds'是用來(lái)做葬禮和祭祀的地方)。

5.單選題

Thedoctorsareverymuchworriedaboutthe（

）ofthepatient’sconditionafteroperation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deterioration

B.differentiation

C.diversion

D.donation

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)deterioration“惡化”；B選項(xiàng)differentiation“變異”；C選項(xiàng)diversion“轉(zhuǎn)移，消遣”；D選項(xiàng)donation“捐贈(zèng)”。句意：醫(yī)生們非常擔(dān)心手術(shù)后病人的病情惡化。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

6.單選題

TheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncilestablishedtheICTRin1995totrytheallegedperpetratorsofthe1994（

）inRwandathatclaimedthelivesofmorethan800,000people.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.genocide

B.immigration

C.discrimination

D.election

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。genocide“種族滅絕，種族屠殺”；immigration“移民”；discrimination“歧視，區(qū)別”；election“選舉；當(dāng)選”。句意：聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)于1995年建立了盧旺達(dá)國(guó)際刑事法庭，來(lái)審判1994年導(dǎo)致八十多萬(wàn)人死亡的盧旺達(dá)大屠殺中被指控的兇手。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

BillGates,thebillionaireMicrosoftchairmanwithoutasingleearneduniversitydegree,isbyhissuccessraisingnewdoubtsabouttheworthofthebusinessworld’sfavoriteacademictitle;theMBA(MasterofBusinessAdministration).

TheMBA,a20th-centuryproduct,alwayshasbornethemarkoflowlycommerceandgreedonthetree-linedcampusesruledbypurerdisciplinessuchasphilosophyandliterature.

Butevenwiththerecessionapparentlycuttingintothehiringofbusinessschoolgraduates,about79,000peopleareexpectedtoreceiveMBAsin1993.Thisisnearly16timesthenumberofbusinessgraduatesin1960,atestimonytothewidespreadassumptionthattheMBAisvitalforyoungmenandwomenwhowanttoruncompaniessomeday.

“Ifyouaregoingintothecorporateworlditisstilladisadvantagenottohaveone,”saidDonaldMorrison,professorofmarketingandmanagementscience.“Butinthelastfiveyearsorso,whensomeonesays,‘ShouldIattempttogetanMBA’,theansweralotmoreis:Itdepends.”

ThesuccessofBillGatesandothernon-MBAs,suchasthelateSamWaltonofWal-MartStoresInc.,hashelpedinspireself-consciousdebatesonbusinessschoolcampusesovertheworthofabusinessdegreeandwhethermanagementskillscanbetaught.

TheHarvardBusinessReviewprintedalively,fictionalexchangeofletterstodramatizecomplaintsaboutbusinessdegreeholders.

ThearticlecalledMBAhires“extremelydisappointing”andsaid“MBAswanttomoveuptoofast,theydon’tunderstandpoliticsandpeople,andtheyaren’tabletofunctionaspartofateamuntiltheirthirdyear.Butbythen,they’reoutlookingforotherjobs.”

Theproblem,mostparticipantsinthedebateacknowledge,isthattheMBAhasacquiredanauraoffuturerichesandpowerfarbeyonditsactualimportanceandusefulness.

Enrollmentinbusinessschoolsexplodedinthe1970sand1980sandcreatedtheassumptionthatnoonewhopursuedabusinesscareercoulddowithoutone.Thegrowthwasfueledbyabacklashagainsttheanti-businessvaluesofthe1960sandbythewomen’smovement.

BusinesspeoplewhohavehiredorworkedwithMBAssaythosewiththedegreesoftenknowhowtoanalyzesystemsbutarenotsoskillfulatmotivatingpeople.“Theydon’tgetalotofgroundinginthepeoplesideofthebusiness”,saidJamesShaffer,vice-presidentandprincipaloftheTowersPerrinmanagementconsultingfirm.

38.ItseemsthatthecontroversyoverthevalueofMBAdegreeshadbeenfueledmainlyby（）.

39.WhatisthemajorweaknessofMBAholdersaccordingtotheHarvardBusinessReview?

40.FromthepassageweknowthatmostMBAs（）.

41.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecomplaintsfromvariousemployers

B.thesuccessofmanynon-MBAs

C.thecriticismfromthescientistsofpurerdisciplines

D.thepoorperformanceofMBAsatwork

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareusuallyself-centered.

B.Theyareaggressiveandgreedy.

C.Theykeepcomplainingabouttheirjobs.

D.Theyarenotgoodatdealingwithpeople.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.canclimbthecorporateladderfairlyquickly

B.quittheirjobsoncetheyarefamiliarwiththeirworkmates

C.receivesalariesthatdonotmatchtheirprofessionaltraining

D.cherishunrealisticexpectationsabouttheirfuture

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.WhythereisanincreasedenrollmentinMBAprograms.

B.ThenecessityofreformingMBAprogramsinbusinessschools.

C.DoubtsabouttheworthofholdinganMBAdegree.

D.Adebateheldrecentlyonuniversitycampuses.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】38.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第五段ThesuccessofBillGatesandothernon-MBAs,suchasthelateSamWaltonofWal-MartStoresInc.,hashelpedinspireself-consciousdebatesonbusinessschoolcampusesovertheworthofabusinessdegreeandwhethermanagementskillscanbetaught.（比爾?蓋茨和其他非MBA畢業(yè)生如Wal-Mart連鎖店的SamWalton的成功，在商校校園里引起了有關(guān)工商學(xué)位的價(jià)值和管理技能是否可以通過(guò)教育獲得等問(wèn)題的自發(fā)討論。），由此可知是由許多非MBA人士的成功促使了對(duì)MBA學(xué)位的價(jià)值的爭(zhēng)論，因此B選項(xiàng)“非MBA人士的成功”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“來(lái)自不同雇主的投訴”，C選項(xiàng)“來(lái)自純粹學(xué)科的科學(xué)家的批評(píng)”，D選項(xiàng)“MBA人士在工作中的糟糕表現(xiàn)”，均與題意不符，故選B。

39.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在第七段MBAswanttomoveuptoofast,theydon’tunderstandpoliticsandpeople,andtheyaren’tabletofunctionaspartofateamuntiltheirthirdyear.（MBA雇員太急于升職，他們不了解政治情況和人，直到第三年才能夠適應(yīng)團(tuán)隊(duì)工作。）和最后一段的butarenotsoskillfulatmotivatingpeople.（但是并不善于激勵(lì)人）因此D選項(xiàng)“他們不善于與人打交道”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“他們通常以自我為中心”，B選項(xiàng)“他們好斗又貪婪”，C選項(xiàng)“他們不斷抱怨自己的工作”，信息都過(guò)于負(fù)面，與題意不符。故選D。

40.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在文章的第八段Theproblem,mostparticipantsinthedebateacknowledge,isthattheMBAhasacquiredanauraoffuturerichesandpowerfarbeyonditsactualimportanceandusefulness.（大部分參加辯論的人認(rèn)為，問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵是MBA獲得者得到的是超越實(shí)際重要性和作用的未來(lái)財(cái)富和權(quán)利的光環(huán)。）可知很多MBA人士對(duì)未來(lái)抱有不切實(shí)際的期望，因此D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)他們的未來(lái)抱有不切實(shí)際的期望”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“能很快地爬上公司的階梯”，B選項(xiàng)“一旦和同事熟悉了就辭職”，C選項(xiàng)“得到的工資與其專業(yè)培訓(xùn)不符”。A，B，C選項(xiàng)在文中均未提及，可排除。故選D。

41.主旨大意題。本文圍繞“MBA學(xué)位的價(jià)值”展開(kāi)敘述，闡述了MBA興起和興盛，比爾?蓋茨和其他非MBA畢業(yè)生的成功，在商校校園里引起了有關(guān)工商學(xué)位的價(jià)值和管理技能是否可以通過(guò)教育獲得等問(wèn)題的自發(fā)討論，并且分析了MBA獲得者們的問(wèn)題和劣勢(shì)。因此C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)獲得MBA學(xué)位的價(jià)值的懷疑。”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“為什么MBA項(xiàng)目的注冊(cè)人數(shù)增加了”，B選項(xiàng)“商學(xué)院MBA項(xiàng)目改革的必要性”，D選項(xiàng)“一場(chǎng)最近在大學(xué)校園舉行的辯論”都不是文章的主要內(nèi)容，故選C。

8.單選題

Westernstateswerethefirsttogivewomenthevote.Between1869andtheoutbreakofWorldWarI，seventeenstateswestoftheMississippigavewomentherighttovoteinstateelectionsandRepresentatives.Itwasnotuntil1920thattheFederalGovernmentunderpressurebysuffragettes(womeninsistingontheirrighttovote),followingthestates’leadandpermittedwomentotakepartinnationalelectionsforCongresswomenandthePresident.

Womenhavemadegreatstridessincetheninachievingpoliticalequality.Recently,Americanfeministshavebeenworkinghardtoachievesocialandeconomicequalityaswellaspolitical.Theirbeliefisthat,asthereisnothingthatwomencannotdojustasmen,theyshouldbeshownthesamerespectandhavethesamesocialrightsandthesamepayastheirmalecounterparts.Anythinglessisdiscriminationandsexism.

FewAmericangirlsagreewiththeextremefeministswhoderidemarriageandromanticlove,butmoreandmoreofthemarepreparedtolivewithamanoutsidemarriage,oftensavedenoughmoney.Youngcouplestodayshareboththehouseholdchoresandcareofthebaby.

Theoldgenerations,especiallythosethatliveinthecitysuburbs,arebewilderedanddisturbedbythistrend.ItisallagainstthegreatAmericantraditionofthe“home”asthesymboloftheunifiedfamily.

TheAmericanwomanmakesthemostofherfreetime.Shehelpswithpoliticalcampaigns.Shesitsoncommittees.Shegoestoclassesofallkinds,fromhealthfoodstoEnglishliterature,fromenvironmentalstudiestokarate.Sheswims,playstennis,andshetakesanactiveinterestinherchildren’seducation.Inmostoftheseactivitieshercompanionsareotherhousewivesfromherneighborhood.

Therearewomenexecutivesofsomeimportantindustriesandbusinesses.Infacttherearewomeninmostjobswhichwereformerlyreservedformen.Therearewomenlawyers,doctors,architects,aswellaswomenbusdrivers,buttheordinaryworkingwomenwillearnlessthanamangetsfordoingthesamejob—althoughthereisalawwhichmakesthisillegal.Americangirlstendtomarryyoung,whichmeansthat60%ofthewomeninworkaremarried.Thisalsohelpstoexplainwhysomanyyoungmarriedcoupleshavesuchahighstandardofliving.

Americanwomenseemtohavemoreself-confidencethanwomenfrommostothercountries.Foryearstheyhavefeltnoinferioritywhatsoevertothemalesex.ThereforevisitorstotheUSArarelymeetmilitantfeminists.

1.WhenweretheAmericanwomenfirstgivenrighttovoteinnationalelections?

2.Americanfeministsbelievethatwomen（

）.

3.WhatattitudedotheAmericanwomenhavetowardsmarriageaccordingtothepassage?

4.Duringtheirfree-time,Americanwomenareusuallyengagedin（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.In1869

B.DuringWorldWarI

C.In1920

D.Inrecentyears

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.havemadegreatprogressinobtainingbothpoliticalandsocialequality

B.haveachievedbothsocialandeconomicalequality

C.havenotgotenoughsocialandeconomicalequalityaswellaspoliticalone

D.havenothadthesameself-confidenceasthemenhave

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Mostofthemstillbelieveinmarriageandromanticlove

B.Theirmarriageshouldbeabletobringthemmoneyandhome.

C.Extremefeministsarereadytolivewithamanoutsidemarriage

D.Theyoungergenerationsofwomenprefertohaveaunifiedfamily

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.helpingwithpoliticalmovements

B.learninghowtofighttoprotectthemselves

C.doinghouseworkandtakingcareofchildren

D.bothAandB

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanFeminists

B.AmericanWomenandTheirStruggleforEquality

C.AmericanGirls

D.WomenandRights

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。第一段中提出直到1920年女性取得了議會(huì)和總統(tǒng)選舉的投票權(quán)，故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。第二段:theyshouldbeshownthesamerespectandhavethesamesocialrightsandthesamepayastheirmalecounterparts(他們應(yīng)該受到同樣的尊重，享有同樣的社會(huì)權(quán)利，和他們的男性同事一樣的待遇)。故選C:美國(guó)女權(quán)主義者認(rèn)為她們沒(méi)有足夠的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)平等和政治平等。

3.判斷推理。第三段第一句提出很少的美國(guó)女孩不贊成女權(quán)主義者嘲笑婚姻

和戀愛(ài)。故選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第五段:Shehelpswithpoliticalcampaigns.Shesitsoncommittees,故選D。

5.主旨大意題。全文主要介紹了美國(guó)婦女維護(hù)自己的權(quán)利和公平。

9.單選題

Ourmoderncivilizationmustnotbethoughtofas（）inashortperiodoftime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingcreated

B.tohavebeencreated

C.havingbeencreated

D.tobecreated

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們的現(xiàn)代文明不應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是在短時(shí)間內(nèi)創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的。根據(jù)civilization被create確定用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，根據(jù)create的動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始發(fā)生，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且將持續(xù)下去確定用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，C選項(xiàng)havingbeencreated符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

1.Gettingtoolittlesleepforseveralnightsinarowdisruptshundredsofgenesthatareessentialforgoodhealth,includingthoselinkedtostressandfightingdisease.Testsonpeoplewhosleptlessthansixhoursanightforaweekrevealedsubstantialchangesintheactivityofgenesthatgoverntheimmunesystem,metabolism,sleepandwakecycles,andthebody’sresponsetostress,suggestingthatpoorsleepcouldhaveabroadimpactonlong?termwellbeing.

2.Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,mayshedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.’’Thesurpriseforuswasthatarelativelymodestdifferenceinsleepdurationleadstothesekindsofchanges,"saidProfessorDijk,directoroftheSurreySleepResearchCentreatSurreyUniversity,wholedthestudy.“It’sanindicationthatsleepdisruptionorsleeprestrictionisdoingmorethanjustmakingpeopletired.”

3.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.InonesurveyofworkersinBritainmorethan5%claimedtosleepnomorethanfivehoursanight.AnothersurveypublishedintheUSin2010foundthatnearly30%ofpeopleclaimedtosleepnomorethansixhoursanight.

4.ProfessorDijk’steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years,toliveunderlaboratoryconditionsatthesleepcentrefor12days.Eachvolunteervisitedthecentreontwoseparateoccasions.Duringonevisit,theyspent10hoursanightinbedforaweek.Intheother,theywereallowedonlysixhoursinbedanight.Attheendofeachweek,theywerekeptawakeforadayandnight,oraround39to41hours.UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight,whilethoselimitedtosixhoursinbedeachnightgotonaverage5hoursand42minutesofsleep.

5.Thetimespentasleephadahugeeffectontheactivityofgenes,pickedupfrombloodtestsonthevolunteers,accordingtoareportintheUSjournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Amongthesleep-deprived,theactivityof444geneswassuppressed,while267genesweremoreactivethaninthosewhosleptforalongertime.

6.Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,whiledisruptionofothergenes,suchasthosethatgovernthebody’sinflammatoryresponse,mighthaveanimpactonheartdisease.Additionalgenesthatwereaffectedhavebeenlinkedtostressandaging.Sleeplossalsohadadramaticeffectongenesthatgovernthebody'sbiologicalclock,suggestingthatpoorsleepmighttriggeraviciouscycleofworseningsleepdisruption.Thetestsshowedthatpeoplewhosleptfor8.5hoursanighthadaround1,855geneswhoseactivityroseandfellovera24-hourcycle.Butinthesleep-deprived,nearly400ofthesestoppedcyclingcompletely.Theremainderroseandfellinkeepingwiththebiologicalclock,butoveramuchsmallerrange."Thereisafeedbacklinkbetweenwhatyoudotoyoursleepandhowthataffectsyourcircadianclock.Thatwillbeveryimportantinfutureinvestigations,”saidDijk.

7.Theresearchersdidnotcheckhowlongittookforgenestoreturntotheirnormallevelsofactivityinthesleep-deprivedvolunteers,buttheyhopetodosoinlaterstudies.Thoughscoresofgenesweredisruptedinthesleep-deprived,thescientistscannotsaywhetherthosechangesareaharmlessshorttermresponsetopoorsleep,asignofthebodyadaptingtosleep-deprivation,orarepotentiallyharmfultohealth.

8.JamesHome,professorofpsychophysiologyatLoughboroughUniversity’sSleepResearchCentre,said:"Thepotentialperilsof’sleepdebt’intoday'ssocietyandtheneedforeighthoursofsleepanightareoftenoverplayedandcancauseundueworry.Althoughthisimportantstudyseemstosupportthisconcern,theparticipantshadtheirsleepsuddenlyrestrictedtoanunusuallylowlevel,whichmusthavebeensomewhatstressfulWe

mustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep.Besides,sleepcanadapttosomechange,andshouldalsobejudgedonitsquality,notsimplyonitstotalamount.”

1.BasedonwhatisreportedintextA,Prof.Dijkseemstohavechosenthevolunteersforhissleepexperiments（

）.

2.TheresearchdescribedintextA（

）.

3.Theuseoftheverbtoclaiminparagraph3indicatesthattheresearchers（

）.

4.WhenthesleepresearcherswhoseworkisthefocusoftextAneededtofindouthowmuchsleeptheirhumanexperimentalsubjectsweregetting,they（

）.

5.AccordingtotextA,DrDijk'sresearchindicatesthatobesity（

）.

6.Prof.Home’sremarks(paragraph8)（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.primarilyfromamonguniversityundergraduateswithagreatdealoffreetime.

B.fromanagegroupinwhichphysicalgrowthhadendedandmajorundetectedhealthproblemswereunlikelytobepresent.

C.fromarandomassortmentofBritishpeople.

D.fromamongthepeoplemostlikelytosufferfrominterruptedsleeporothersleepingproblems.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.usefullyconfirmstheworkofearlierresearchersbutofferslittlethatisnew.

B.offersbiologicalclarificationofresearchdoneearlier.

C.contradictstheresultsofearlierresearch.

D.ispioneeringworkofakindneverdonebefore.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.aresurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

B.havenoreasonnottobelievethatthesleepdataarecorrect.

C.thinkthatthereislittlereasontoacceptthesleepdata.

D.cannotbeabsolutelysurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.usedtechnicalmeanstoworkouthowmuchthevolunteershadreallyslept.

B.watchedthesleepingvolunteersinthelabtoseehowlongtheyslept.

C.estimatedthefiguresbyaveragingsleepdataarrivedatbyvariousmeans.

D.reliedonstatementsmadebythevolunteersusedintheexperiments.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.isthedirectresultofgettingtoolittlesleep.

B.maybethedirectresultofnotgettingenoughsleep.

C.mayresultfromorbeworsenedbyalterationsinthegenesofpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.

D.cannotbeshowntohaveanyreasonabledirectorindirectconnectionwithsleepingpatterns.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.cautionreadersnottoconcludetoomuchfromProf.Dijk’sfindings

B.emphasizetheimportanceforallhumanbeingsofgetting8hoursofsleepnightly

C.warnthatdangerousstressistheinevitableresultofgettingtoolittlesleep

D.underlinetheimportanceandvalueofProf.Dijk'sresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干意思“基于文章A中的陳述，教授Dijk為自己的睡眠實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇的自愿者似乎…”定位至第四段“ProfessorDijk'steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years...教授Dijk的團(tuán)隊(duì)要求身體都健康且年齡介于23至31歲的14位男人和12位女人……”,由此可知知B項(xiàng)“來(lái)自身體發(fā)育已停止且不太可能有主要的未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的健康問(wèn)題的年齡群體”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段中“Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,may

shedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.這些對(duì)超過(guò)700個(gè)基因有影響的變化可能讓人明白睡覺(jué)過(guò)少的人患上如心臟病、糖尿病、肥胖、壓力和抑郁等疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的生物學(xué)機(jī)制?！奔暗谌沃小癙reviousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.先前的研究顯示，每晚睡眠少于5小時(shí)的人相比睡好覺(jué)的同齡人死于各種原因的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加了15%?！钡膶?duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系知B項(xiàng)“為早些時(shí)候的研究提供了生物學(xué)上的闡明”正確。

3.詞義題。claim本意指“要求；聲稱”及它在第三段的主語(yǔ)分別是“英國(guó)工人”和“在美國(guó)接受調(diào)研的人”,由此推測(cè)claim這個(gè)詞的使用表明研究者對(duì)睡眠對(duì)聲稱的睡眠數(shù)據(jù)不能確定，由此知D項(xiàng)“不能完全確定這些睡眠數(shù)據(jù)是精確的”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight，...(通過(guò)使用腦電圖傳感器，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)每晚睡覺(jué)十個(gè)小時(shí)的人每晚大約睡覺(jué)8.5個(gè)小時(shí)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“用技術(shù)方式去算出志愿者們真正睡眠時(shí)間是多久”正確。

5.C細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段的第一句指出:這些對(duì)超過(guò)700個(gè)基因有影響的變化可能讓人明白睡覺(jué)過(guò)少的人患上如心臟病、糖尿病、肥胖、壓力和抑郁等疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的生物學(xué)機(jī)制。第六段:Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,...控制新陳代謝的基因發(fā)生的變化可能會(huì)引發(fā)或加劇如糖尿病或肥胖等情況……,可知c項(xiàng)“可能被睡覺(jué)很少的人的基因變化引起或惡化”正確。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第八段:Wemustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep(我們必須小心避免去推廣這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，如不能將這些發(fā)現(xiàn)推廣到習(xí)慣六小時(shí)睡眠而對(duì)自己睡眠滿意人身上),可知A項(xiàng)“告誡讀者不要從教授Dijk的發(fā)現(xiàn)上推斷太多”正確。

11.單選題

Aboutfouryearsago,KerrySturgillfoundherselfatacareercrossroads:Shouldshestayinanindustrypopulatedbyextroverts(外向型的人)orjumpshiptoamorereflectiveplacewhereintrovertslikeherwereinthemajority

Careercounselorshadtoldhertogetoutofthehighlyextrovertedpublicrelationsfields“soyoucanbehappyanddowhatyouare.”Amongthelessfast-pacedareastheypointesto:art,scientificresearch,dataanalysis.

Suchamoveisdefinitelytherightroadformanyintrovertsstrugglingtofitintoanextrovertedworkplace.So,justwhatisanintrovertanyway?It’ssomeonewhoisenergizedbythoughtandreflection,whileextrovertsareenergizedbysocializing.Introvertsnaturallyneedtothinkbeforetheyspeak.Extrovertsusethespeakingprocesstofigureoutwhatitistosay.

And,needlesstosay,thereareplusesandminusestobothpersonalitytypes.

Still,inthemodernworldwhereasmanyastwo-thirdsofthepopulationmaybeextroverted,thosewhoaretheoppositecanbemisunderstood.Theycanbeseenasantisocial,secretive,eventerritorial,becausetheycansometimestrytoprotecttheir“space”andquiet.

Workplacescanactuallybenefitfromhavingbothtypes,saysDeborahBarrett,programdirectoroftheRiceUniversityMBAcommunicationsprogram.

Anintrovertherself,shesaysshehasthebestofbothworlds―workinginanenvironmentofprofessors,whotendtowardsintroversion,yetgettingtoteach,whichcallsonhermore“outthere”skills.

Here’sheradviceforthoselookingtofollowthesamepath:

Makegooduseofe-mail.Ifyoudon’tgettomakeapointataloudmeeting,sendafollow-upemailsharingyourthoughts.

Ifyoudon’thaveanofficeandareeasilydistractedbyongoingsmalltalk,considerlisteningtomusicthroughheadphones.Buttakecarenottomakeyourmoresociableneighborsfeelrejected.

Sure,shesays,ifshehadmovedtoalessstimulatingenvironment,thatmighthave“short-circuitedalotofmypain,butIalsobelieveitwouldhaveshort-circuitedlearningwhat’smademeamuchmorewell-roundedperson.”Hermainlesson?“Idon’thavetobeanextrovert.Ijusthavetoplayatbeingoneforanhour.”

19.Accordingtothecareercounselors,____.

20.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

21.Accordingtotheauthor,introvertsaresometimesmisunderstoodbecausetheyare____.

22.DeborahBarrettbelievesthatteachingisapracticeof____.

23.By“short-circuitedalotofmypain”(inthelastparagraph),DeborahBarrettemeans“______”.

24.WecanlearnfromDeborahBarrett’scasethatintrovertedpeople____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.introvertsshouldtrytoavoidworkinginahighlyextrovertedenvironment

B.introvertsshouldtrytochangethemselvestofitintoanextrovertedworkingenvironment

C.ext