考研考博-英語-巴音郭楞職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-巴音郭楞職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.寫作題

Directions:Itisfoundthatmanystudentstodaysimply"cutandpaste"informationfromtheInternetwhentheydotheirassignments.Whatcanbedonetostopthis?Pleasewriteanessayofabout300wordsonthisissue.Youshouldalsogiveyouressayapropertitleonthebasisofyoursuggestion(s).Writetheessayontheanswersheet2only.

【答案】TeachersandStudentsShouldUnite2.填空題

Aconsiderableamountofmedicalresearchisaimedatidentifyingriskfactorsfordisease.Therationalebehindthisworkisthatwherepeopleareinformedoftheirrisk,theywillhappilychangetheirbehaviortolowerthatrisk.（1）thisiscertainlyareasonableassumption,itturnsoutthatthingsarenotquitethatsimpleandstraightforward.Firstofall,healthisnotnecessarilyatoppriorityineveryone’slifeand,forthesepeople,changingbehaviorintheinterestsofhealthmayinterfere（2）other,moreimportantmatters.Second,thebenefitstobederived（3）suchchangesrarelyareimmediateorobvious.Usually,improvementsinhealthtakeplaceoverlongperiodsoftimeandarequitesubtle.（4）,weareallsobombardedwithinformationaboutthethousandsofhealthhazardstowhichweareexposed（5）mostofus“tuneout”muchofthisinformation.Thislatterissueiscompoundedbythefactthatmuchofnewinformationtowhichweareexposedthroughthemediaisexaggeratedand,asoftenasnot,iscontradictedlaterbyeven“newer”information.Fortheseandotherreasons,simplyknowingaboutariskdoesnotnecessarilyensurethatpeoplewilltakeappropriatestepsto（6）it.（7）whenpeoplewanttochangetheirbehavior,thisisnoteasytodo.Forexample,theoverwhelmingmajorityofsmokersinthiscountrywanttoquit,but（8）greateffortveryfewareabletodoso.Mostsmokersacknowledge,atsomelevel,thathealthhazardsassociatedwithsmokingandmostwishthattherewereasimpleandpainlesswaytostop.（9）thenumberofpeoplewhowanttoloseweightisverylarge,butfewofthesepeopleareabletodoitandeven（10）areabletomaintainsuchweightlosses.

【答案】1.Although

2.with

3.from

4.meanwhile

5.to

6.change

7.even

8.make

9.and

10.none

【解析】1.考查前后邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袼幍木渥雍蟀刖涓鞍刖溆修D(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該填入轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。

2.考查固定搭配。interfere“（利害、要求等）抵觸，沖突”，常與with連用。

3.考查固定搭配。bederivedfrom是固定搭配，意思是“來自，從……而產(chǎn)生出來的”。

4.考查前后邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袼诘木渥雍颓懊娴木渥邮遣⒘嘘P(guān)系，填入的詞與后面用逗號(hào)隔開，meanwhile符合題意。

5.考查固定搭配。beexposedto是固定搭配，意思是“暴露”。

6.考查上下文語境?？崭窈竺娴膇t指的是“behavior”，文章第二句、第四句都提到了changebehavior，所以空格處應(yīng)該填change。

7.考查前后邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袼诘木渥优c后半句thisisnoteasytodo構(gòu)成讓步假設(shè)，所以even（即使）符合題意。

8.考查固定搭配。makeeffort“做出努力”。

9.考查前后邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袼诘木渥优e了減肥的例子佐證作者的觀點(diǎn)，與前面的句子是并列的關(guān)系。所以and符合題意。

10.考查上下文語義。句意：很多人想減肥，但是只有少數(shù)人能做到，甚至沒有人能夠堅(jiān)持減肥。空格所處的句子需要一個(gè)主語，所以none符合題意。

3.單選題

—Howlong（）eachotherbeforethey（）married?

—Foraboutayear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havetheyknown;get

B.didtheyknow;weregoingtoget

C.dotheyknow;aregoingtoget

D.hadtheyknown;got

【答案】D

【解析】句意:——你們結(jié)婚之前，你們認(rèn)識(shí)了多久？

——大概1年。

語法題。考查時(shí)態(tài)。結(jié)婚是已過去的事，因此，“結(jié)婚”用過去式。那么，他們互相了解的約一年的時(shí)間肯定發(fā)生在結(jié)婚前，所以，發(fā)生在過去某一動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)該使用過去完成吋。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,___theyChristian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.be

B.being

C.were

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查be型虛擬語氣和倒裝。句意：我們用Church這個(gè)詞來指代所有的宗教機(jī)構(gòu)，___基督教、伊斯蘭教、佛教還是猶太教等等。本句表達(dá)“不論他們是……”，可知此處省略了讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞whether。而在whether/whether…or…引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，可以包含be型虛擬語氣的形式，即所有動(dòng)詞都用原型（包括be在內(nèi)），沒有人稱數(shù)以及時(shí)態(tài)的變化。省略whether/whether…or…，從句變?yōu)榈寡b形式：只需要將謂語中的助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞置于主語之前。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thephrase“agriefago”（

）fromtheconventionalnormthatweshouldputaperiodoftimesuchas“fiveminutes”before“ago”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deviates

B.disconnects

C.detaches

D.distortes

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deviate“使脫離，偏離”；B選項(xiàng)disconnect“拆開，使分離”；C選項(xiàng)detach“分離，派遣”；D選項(xiàng)distort“扭曲，變形”。根據(jù)句子的主語“phrase短語”和介詞from，可知空格意思為“偏離”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中deviatefrom有“偏離……”的意思，最符合空格意思，故正確答案選A。

6.單選題

AriellaRosengardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniadidn’tsetouttoscareanyone.Shejustwantedtoinvestigatealittle-understoodpartoftheimmunesystembystudyinghowviralproteinsinteractwithit.Atfirst,Rosengardworkedwithacommonviruscalledvaccinia.Butvacciniararelymakespeoplesick,andshebegantoworrythatitwouldn’ttellhermuchaboutthehumanimmunesystem.Sosheturnedtoacloselyrelated,farmorefearsomevirus:smallpox.

Smallpoxvirusisn’teasytocomeby.Officially,itresidesinonlytwoplaces—securelabsintheUnitedStatesandRussia.ButRosengarddidn’tneedthevirusitself.ScientistshavemadeitsgeneticcodefreelyavailableontheInternet,givingherthedatasheneededtosynthesizeakeysmallpoxproteininthelab.Test-tubestudiesshowedthatitworksfarbetterthanthecorrespondingvacciniaproteinatblockingakeystepinthehumanimmuneresponse.Thediscoverymayhelpexplainwhysmallpoxkills,anditcouldleadtonewtreatments.

ButwhenRosengardpublishedherreportlastmonthintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,aslightlydefensivecommentaryappearedwithit.Thearticlesaiditwouldbeunlikelytousetheworkasablueprintformakingvacciniamorelikesmallpox.Itacknowledged,however,that“theideathatbioterroristsmightbetemptedtoattemptsuchanexperimenthasbeensuggestedasareasonforconsideringitunwisetopublishobservationsofthisnature.”

Rosengardrejectstheideathatbasicsciencelikehersshouldbeputunderwraps.“Thinkhowmanybrilliantmindswouldnotbeabletoparticipateinfindingacure,”shesays.“Youcan’tpredictthemindofamadman.Thebestdefenseagainstanyvirusisunderstandinghowitfunctions.”

Mostbiologistswouldagree.Butthesedays,theyfindthemselvesgrapplingwithadilemma,astheirtraditionofopennessclasheswiththefearthatwell-intentionedresearchcouldbemisusedtodevelopbioweapons.Asmuchasscientistsfearaidingtheirenemies,theygetunnervedwhengovernmentofficialstalkaboutrestrictingtheirfreedomtopublish.Onething’sforsure—theproblemwon’tjustgoaway.Thegovernmenthasproposedadramaticincreaseinfundingforbasicresearchonpotentialbiowarfareagents.Thismeansthatmanymorescientistswillstudydeadlygerms,andthey’llinevitablywanttopublishwhattheyfind.

1.WhydidAriellaRosengarddecidetostudysmallpox?

2.Howdidsheobtainthesmallpoxprotein?

3.Smallpoxis

deadlyprobablybecause（

）.

4.AccordingtothecommentarymentionedinParagraph3,Rosengard’sreport

（

）.

5.Rosengardthinksthatbasicscience

（

）.

6.Accordingtothefinalparagraph,biologistsareworriedabout（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausesmallpoxisbecomingmoreimportantandcomplicated.

B.Becausesmallpoxismorefamiliartoscientiststoday.

C.Becausethesmallpoxviruscanbeobtainedmoreeasily.

D.Becausesmallpoxcanrevealmoreabouttheimmunesystem.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Shemadeitfrominformationavailableonline.

B.Shereliedonsecurelabsforasample.

C.Shedevelopeditbyusingvacciniavirus.

D.Shereceivedhelpfromgovernment.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itkillsvacciniainthehumanimmunesystem

B.itstopsthereactionofthehumanimmunesystem

C.itcausesthehumanimmunesystemtoattackproteins

D.itreproducesquicklyinthehumanimmunesystem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wouldbecriticized

B.wouldhelpcontrolsmallpox

C.wouldmisleadresearchers

D.wouldleadtomorepublicationsaboutsmallpox

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.shouldhavealong-termperspective

B.shouldreceivemorefinancialsupport

C.shouldfocusonacademicresearch

D.shoulddevelopinanopenmanner

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.alossofmotivationamongresearchers

B.fundingfromthegovernment

C.theirfreedomtopublish

D.theprospectsoftheirresearch

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“…shebegantoworrythatitwouldn’ttellhermuchaboutthehumanimmunesystem.Sosheturnedtoacloselyrelated,farmorefearsomevirus:smallpox.（她開始擔(dān)心這并不能告訴她很多關(guān)于人類免疫系統(tǒng)的信息。因此，她轉(zhuǎn)向了一種與之密切相關(guān)、可怕得多的病毒:天花。）”即可得出本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“smallpoxprotein”,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“ScientistshavemadeitsgeneticcodefreelyavailableontheInternet,givingherthedatasheneededtosynthesizeakeysmallpoxproteininthelab.（科學(xué)家們?cè)诨ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)上免費(fèi)提供了它的遺傳密碼，為她提供了在實(shí)驗(yàn)室合成一種關(guān)鍵天花蛋白所需的數(shù)據(jù)。）”即可得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“deadly”，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“itworksfarbetterthanthecorrespondingvacciniaproteinatblockingakeystepinthehumanimmuneresponse（它比相應(yīng)的牛痘蛋白在阻斷人體免疫反應(yīng)中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵步驟方面效果要好得多）”即可得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第三段。根據(jù)“aslightlydefensivecommentaryappearedwithit（與此同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了一篇略帶辯護(hù)意味的評(píng)論）”“unlikely（不太可能的）”“unwise（不明智的）”即可得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Rosengard”,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第四段第一句。根據(jù)“Rosengardrejectstheideathatbasicsciencelikehersshouldbeputunderwraps.（羅辛格反對(duì)像她這樣的基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)應(yīng)該保密的觀點(diǎn)。）”,即可得出本題答案。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文最后一段。根據(jù)“theygetunnervedwhengovernmentofficialstalkaboutrestrictingtheirfreedomtopublish（當(dāng)政府官員談?wù)撓拗扑麄兊某霭孀杂蓵r(shí)，他們會(huì)感到不安）”即可得出本題答案。

7.單選題

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.Itrytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”,soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead,Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“Beautiful.”Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaos,bargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn’tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreeatthepriceset;thatwayIwasabletopayherthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft,too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinthemarketplace.Ifelttearsinmythroat.Iwantedtocry.Ididn’t,ofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.Iremovethepaper,andraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstothefloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecandlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn’tcry.

1.Accordingtothewriter,thewomaninthemarketplace.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

3.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（

）.

4.Whenthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause（

）

.

5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refusedtospeaktoher

B.waspleasantandattractive

C.wassellingskirtsandribbons

D.recognizeherimmediately

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thewriterwasusedtobargaining.

B.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

C.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

D.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable.

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney.

C.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore.

D.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.shewasafraidofcryinginpublic.

B.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravely.

C.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.

D.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeeling.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.

B.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.

C.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.

D.Shewasovercomebyemotion.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第三段“shemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.就像我通常見到的老撾女子一樣，她走起路來悠閑而又可愛”，可知選項(xiàng)B“很討人喜歡和有吸引力”符合題意，因此B正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第五段“Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaos,bargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.我決定買下其中一條裙子，而且我開始和她討價(jià)還價(jià)。在亞洲買東西討價(jià)還價(jià)是習(xí)慣。在老撾，討價(jià)還價(jià)是以一種輕聲細(xì)語，十分平靜的形式不緊不慢地進(jìn)行的”。由此可知A選項(xiàng)是沒有提及的，故答案選A。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第六段第二句“ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.她對(duì)我能夠用老撾語和她說上幾句話感到很開心，盡管這些話全是數(shù)字，她看得出我懂得討價(jià)還價(jià)之間的小玩笑”和第四句“shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.她很開心，所以她意外的接受我最后的定價(jià)”，可知選項(xiàng)D為最佳答案。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第八段“Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.我學(xué)會(huì)了如何保護(hù)自己不受困難的影響；不知不覺中，我也學(xué)會(huì)了如何保護(hù)自己抵制軟弱和隨和?！庇纱丝芍_答案選D。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第十段“Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asif...沒有什么可以抵御慷慨，而這一次我哭了，非常傷心……”文章第九段說作者從市場(chǎng)回來，再次檢查買回來的裙子，發(fā)現(xiàn)里面夾雜五條扎頭發(fā)的絲綢帶，比自己買的多了兩根。她被這種情緒感動(dòng)了。故選項(xiàng)D為最符合語境的答案。

8.翻譯題

ThegreatworkofGibbonisindispensabletothestudentofhistory.TheliteratureofEuropeoffersnosubstitutefor"TheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpire."Ithasobtainedundisputedpossession,asrightfuloccupant,ofthevastperiodwhichitcomprehends.Howeversomesubjects,whichitembraces,mayhaveundergonemorecompleteinvestigate,on,onthegeneralviewofthewholeperiod,thishistoryisthesoleundisputedauthoritytowhichalldefer,andfromwhichfewappealtotheoriginalwriters,ortomoremoderncompilers.Theinherentinterestofthesubject,theinexhaustiblelaboremployeduponit;theimmensecondensationofmatter;theluminousarrangement;thegeneralaccuracy;thestyle,whichisthroughoutvigorous,animated,often,picturesquealwayscommandsattention-describeswithsingularbreadthandfidelity,andgeneralizeswithunrivalledfelicityofexpression:allthesehighqualificationshavesecured,andseemlikelytosecure,itspermanentplaceinhistoricliterature.ThisvastdesignofGibbon,themagnificentwholeintowhichhehascastthedecayandruinoftheancientcivilization,theformationandbirthoftheneworderofthings,willofitself,independentofthelaboriousexecutionofhisimmenseplanrender"TheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpire"anunapproachablesubjecttothefuturehistorian.ThisextentandharmonyofdesignisunquestionablythatwhichdistinguishestheworkofGibbonfromallothergreathistoricalcompositions.Hehasfirstbridgedtheabyssbetweenancientandmodemtimes,andconnectedtogetherthetwogreatworldsofhistory.Thegreatadvantagewhichtheclassicalhistorianspossessoverthoseofmoderntimesisinunity,ofplan,ofcoursegreatlyfacilitatedbythenarrowerspheretowhichtheirresearcheswereconfined.

ExceptHerodotus,thegreathistoriansofGreece—weexcludethemoremodemcompilers,likeDiodorusSiculus—limitedthemselvestoasingleperiod,oratleasttothecontractedsphereofGrecianaffairs.

Naturalunityconfinedtheirnarrativealmosttochronologicalorder,theepisodeswereofrareoccurrenceandextremelybrief.

TotheRomanhistoriansthecoursewasequallyclearanddefined.Romewastheircentreofunity;andtheuniformitywithwhichthecircleoftheRomandominionspreadaround,theregularitywithwhichtheircivilpolityexpanded,forced,asitwere,upontheRomanhistorianthatplanwhichPolybiusannouncesasthesubjectofhishistory,themeansandthemannerbywhichthewholeworldbecamesubjecttotheRomansway.HowdifferentthecomplicatedpoliticsoftheEuropeankingdoms!

Everynationalhistory,tobecomplete,must,inacertainsense,bethehistoryofEurope;thereisnoknowingtohowremoteaquarteritmaybenecessarytotraceourmostdomesticevents;fromacountry,howeverapparentlydisconnected,mayoriginatetheimpulsewhichgivesitsdirectiontothewholecourseofaffairs.

【答案】歐洲的文獻(xiàn)無法替代《羅馬帝國衰亡史》的作品。在過去的很長時(shí)間里。它都處于主導(dǎo)地位。然而，它所包含的一些主題還需要經(jīng)歷更加完善的研究調(diào)查。從整體上來看，該書具有無可爭議的權(quán)威性，無論是對(duì)于隨后的歷史編寫者還是現(xiàn)代的編寫者。

這種風(fēng)格充滿活力、生氣勃勃并且極具吸引力。這種風(fēng)格用獨(dú)特的視覺和保真度進(jìn)行描述，并以無與倫比的表達(dá)來進(jìn)行歸納概括。

這部偉大的著作對(duì)羅馬古文明的腐化、衰亡及新秩序的誕生的描寫體現(xiàn)了這本著作的偉大思想精華。從它的構(gòu)思來看，《羅馬帝國衰亡史》使以后的歷史學(xué)家望塵莫及的，更不用說以后實(shí)行撰寫計(jì)劃的創(chuàng)作了。

那個(gè)曾經(jīng)侵略和壓迫過整個(gè)世界的最非凡的統(tǒng)治逐漸衰弱必須引起人們的注意和興趣，人們不能漠然地看待那些難以忘懷的時(shí)代。

這種設(shè)計(jì)的廣度和協(xié)調(diào)性是值得肯定的，這將吉本的作品與其他偉大的歷史作品區(qū)分開來。

古典歷史學(xué)家與現(xiàn)代歷史學(xué)家相比，最大的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于整體性，當(dāng)然，由于他們的研究范圍較窄，這有利于促進(jìn)研究。

順乎自然的統(tǒng)一性把他們都傾向于用時(shí)間順序記錄歷史，情節(jié)很少，而且極其簡短。

每一部完整的民族史，在某種意義上，就是歐洲的歷史。我們無從知道要追溯我們國內(nèi)的歷史事件有多遙遠(yuǎn)。

9.翻譯題

Criticismisavaluablemeansofhelpingourselvesandothersachievepersonalgrowth.However,becauseitisoftendonecarelesslyorcruelly,criticismhasabadreputation.Herearesomeguidelinesforofferingcriticismconstructively.First,waituntilthepersonasksforfeedbackonhisorherperformanceoractions.Unasked-forcriticismisnotusuallyvaluable.Second,describetheperson’sbehaviorasspecificallyaspossiblebeforeyoucriticizeit.Insteadofjustsaying,“Youwereawful,”tellthepersonexactlywhatyouobserved.Andfinally,trytobalanceyourcriticismwithpositivestatements.Lookforsignificantpointsintheotherperson’sperformancethatyoucanhonestlypraise.

【答案】批評(píng)是幫助我們促成自身與他人成長的有效手段，然而，因?yàn)樗膰?yán)厲與不經(jīng)意性，經(jīng)常遭人詬病?，F(xiàn)在就如何給出建設(shè)性的批評(píng)意見，提供幾種方法。首先，要等到當(dāng)事人主動(dòng)提出對(duì)其行為進(jìn)行批評(píng)指正。不請(qǐng)自來的批評(píng)通常是不值錢的。第二，在批評(píng)之前，要盡可能地詳細(xì)客觀地描述當(dāng)事人的行為。而不是僅僅說一句：“你太可怕了”，要讓他明白，你所看到的真實(shí)情況是怎樣的。最后，要讓你的批評(píng)聽起來只是正面的陳述。從另一個(gè)人的行為當(dāng)中找尋你所高度贊賞的閃光點(diǎn)。

10.單選題

Itisrather（

）thatwestilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.misleading

B.boring

C.embarrassing

D.demanding

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)misleading“誤導(dǎo)性的”；B選項(xiàng)boring“無聊的，無趣的”；C選項(xiàng)embarrassing“使人尷尬的，令人為難的”；D選項(xiàng)demanding“要求高的，要求極嚴(yán)的”。句中的it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句，由“westilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday（我們?nèi)匀徊恢澜裉焓澜缟嫌卸嗌俜N物種）”可知C選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：我們現(xiàn)在還不知道世界上有多少物種，這是相當(dāng)令人尷尬的。

11.單選題

Britain’sChannelFourtelevisionsenthimtoNewYorktodoa(n)（）interviewforits“TheWord”programme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alive

B.lively

C.live

D.living

【答案】C

【解析】考查形似詞詞義辨析。alive“活著的”；lively“活潑的”；live“實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的”；living“活的；現(xiàn)存的”。句意：英國第四頻道電視欄目送他去紐約為他們的“世界”欄目做現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采訪。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.單選題

The（

）viewinBritainandotherWesterncountriesassociatesagingwithdecline,dependency,isolation,andoftenpoverty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.predominant

B.credulous

C.inclusive

D.sustainable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)predominant“主要的，占主導(dǎo)地位的”；B選項(xiàng)credulous“輕信的，易受騙的”；C選項(xiàng)inclusive“包括的，包羅廣泛的”；D選項(xiàng)sustainable“可持續(xù)的”。此處表示英國和其他西方國家的主要觀點(diǎn)，故選A。句意：英國和其他西方國家的主流觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，老齡化通常與衰落、依賴、孤立以及貧窮有關(guān)。

13.單選題

Aftersomanyweekswithoutrain,thegroundquickly（

）thelittlerainthatfelllastnight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.skipped

B.soaked

C.retrieved

D.absorbed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)skip“跳躍、遺漏”；B選項(xiàng)soak“浸濕”；C選項(xiàng)retrieve“檢索、恢復(fù)”；D選項(xiàng)absorb“吸收、承受”，由題干可推測(cè)地面快速“吸收”雨水，句意為：這么多星期沒有下雨，地面很快吸收了昨晚的少量雨水。故正確答案選D。

14.單選題

InChinaalthoughpeopleinmanyregionsearnmuchlessthanthoseinprosperousregions,theyalsopaymuchlessfor______commodities,suchashousing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disposable

B.redundant

C.equivalent

D.interchangeable

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)disposable“一次性的；可自由支配的”；B選項(xiàng)redundant“多余的”；C選項(xiàng)equivalent“（價(jià)值、數(shù)量、意義、重要性等）相等的，相同的”；D選項(xiàng)interchangeable“可交換的，可互換的”。句意：在中國，盡管許多地區(qū)的人們比富裕地區(qū)的人掙得少得多，但他們?cè)赺_____商品上的花費(fèi)也少得多，比如住房。根據(jù)語境，住房對(duì)于錢多和錢少的人重要性相同，C選項(xiàng)equivalent“（價(jià)值、數(shù)量、意義、重要性等）相等的，相同的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Forthemostpart,blacksportsmenacceptthattheyhaveadvantages，inanunspecifiedway,overtheirwhite（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.supervisors

B.subordinate

C.counterparts

D.correspondents

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞辨析。supervisors監(jiān)督人，檢查人；subordinates下屬；counterparts相似的人或物，對(duì)方；correspondents通信員。句意：大多數(shù)情況下，黑人運(yùn)動(dòng)員承認(rèn)他們以某種不明確的方式優(yōu)越于白人運(yùn)動(dòng)員。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

16.單選題

“Betterlatethannever”isa（

）thatisveryfamiliartomostEnglishspeakers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plaudit

B.plenary

C.plenty

D.platitude

【答案】D

【解析】plaudit喝彩，贊美；plenary全體會(huì)議；plenty大量，充足；platitude陳詞濫調(diào)。句意：“遲做總比不做好”是大多數(shù)說英語的人都很熟悉的陳詞濫調(diào)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

17.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthateventhosewhoaremostdifficulttosatisfyineverythingelsedonotusuallywishtohavemoreofitthantheyhavealready.Itisnotlikelythateveryoneismistakeninthis;itshows,rather,thattheabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen,andthusthatouropinionsdiffernotbecausesomemenarebetterendowedwithreasonthanothers,butonlybecausewedirectourthoughtsalongdifferentpaths,anddonotconsiderthesamethings,foritisnotenoughtohaveagoodmind:whatismostimportantistoapplyitrightly.Thegreatestsoulsarecapableofthegreatestvices;andthosewhowalkveryslowlycanadvancemuchfurther,iftheyalwayskeeptothedirectroad,thanthosewhorunandgoastray.

Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway.Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen.AndIknowofnootherqualitiesthanthesewhichmakefortheperfectionofthemind;forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts,Iamquitewillingtobelievethatitiswholeandentireineachofus,andtofollowinthecommonopinionofthephilosopherswhosaythattherearedifferencesofmoreorlessonlyamongtheaccidents,andnotamongtheforms,ornatures,ortheindividualsofasinglespecies.

11.Accordingtotheauthor,thethreeelementsthatcomprisetheperfectmindare（）.

A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind

B.preciseimagination,tenacityofmemory,quicknessofmind

C.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

D.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought

12.Thebasicideaofthefirstparagraphmaybestatedasfollows:（）.

A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn

B.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil

C.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense

D.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson

13.Abouthimselftheauthorstatesthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis（）.

A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons

B.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherwassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience

C.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseofthegreatmajorityofpersons

D.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmoreperfectthanaverageinanyway

14.Theauthorclaimsthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis（）.

A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate

B.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings

C.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality

D.asenseofreason

15.Accordingtotheauthor,theabilitytodistinguishbetweenthetrueandthefalseis（）.

A.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures

B.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons

C.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers

D.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind

B.preciseimagination,tenacityofmemory,quicknessofmind

C.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

D.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn

B.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil

C.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense

D.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons

B.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherwassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience

C.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseofthegreatmajorityofpersons

D.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmoreperfectthanaverageinanyway

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate

B.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings

C.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality

D.asenseofreason

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures

B.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons

C.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers

D.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段開頭可知，“我”從未認(rèn)為自己的理智比一般人更完美，由此可推斷接下來作者將介紹完美理智的特點(diǎn)。由Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen（事實(shí)上，我常常希望我的思想能像別人那樣敏捷，我的想象力能像別人那樣精確而清晰，我的記憶力能像別人那樣豐富而迅速）可以推斷，作者認(rèn)為完美的理智需要的是敏捷的思維、精確清晰的想象力和快速的記憶力，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:主旨大意題。第一段介紹了