考研考博-英語-山東藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Failureisprobablythemostfatiguingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceeding,beingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.

Weexperiencethistirednessintwomainways,asstart-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.Andthelongerwepostponeit,themoretiredwefeel.

Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evennotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones,Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:willpowerexercise.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingsIhavetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattachtheobjectionableitemfirst.Topreventstart-upfatigue,alwaystreatthemostdifficultjobfirst.

Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan'tseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappeartobeinsurmountableandhoweverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan,thenlettheunconscioustakeover.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalledanevilcircle?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whenkeepingputtingoffatask,wecanexperience（）.

3.Toovercomestart-upfatigue,weneed（）.

4.Theword“insurmountable”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Success-zeal-success-zeal

B.Failure-tiredness-failure-tiredness

C.Failure-zeal-failure-tiredness

D.Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tiredness

B.performancefatigue

C.start-upfatigue

D.unconsciousness

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.toughness

B.prevention

C.muscles

D.strongwillpower

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thatcannotbesolved

B.thatcannotbeunderstood

C.thatcannotbeimagined

D.thatcannotbeobjected

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itiseasiertoovercomestart-upfatigue

B.Performancefatigueoccurswhenthejobwearewillingtotakegetsblocked

C.Onewillfinallysucceedafterexperiencingtheevilcircle

D.Fatigueoftenaccompaniesfatigue

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceedingbeingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.可知失敗會(huì)導(dǎo)致疲憊，而疲憊會(huì)使你更難工作，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致疲憊加重，于是進(jìn)入惡性循環(huán)，受阻不前，影響進(jìn)度。因此，B項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.可知，我們會(huì)因?yàn)槿蝿?wù)過于乏味或太難而推遲完成任務(wù)，這種情況就是start-upfatigue。因此，C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:willpowerexercise.可知，解決辦法就是需要我們加強(qiáng)意志力的鍛煉。因此，本題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.詞匯題。題干詞匯insurmountable意思是不能克服的，難以解決超越的。A選項(xiàng)“不能被解決”，B選項(xiàng)“不能被理解的”，C選項(xiàng)“不能被想象的”，D選項(xiàng)“不能被否決的”。因此，A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由文章第二段可知可以通過鍛煉意志力來克服start-upfatigue可知A項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)可通過原文Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan’tseemtodothejobright.推斷得出。C選項(xiàng)在原文中沒有明確說明，過于絕對(duì)。根據(jù)原文最后一段Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.可知D選項(xiàng)正確。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Violenceinteenagerelationshipsismuchmoreprevalentthanpreviouslythought,withthosefromdisadvantagedbackgroundstwiceaslikelytobeabusedbyviolentpartners.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.widespread

C.fierce

D.brutal

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.critical批評(píng)的，批判性的B.widespread普遍的，廣泛的

C.fierce兇猛的，兇狠的D.brutal殘暴的，獸性的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】prevalent的意思為“普遍存在的，盛行的”，這里用來形容violence，指的是暴力行為比想象中普遍，widespread與之詞義相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】青少年關(guān)系中的暴力比之前想象的要普遍得多，那些來自弱勢(shì)背景的人被同伴暴力相對(duì)的可能性是其他人的兩倍。

3.單選題

Thisresearchhasattractedwide（）coverageandhasfeaturedonBBCtelevision'sTomorrow'sWorld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.message

B.information

C.media

D.data

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。mediacoverage表示“媒體報(bào)道”。句意：這個(gè)研究已吸引了廣泛的媒體報(bào)道且成為英國廣播公司的“未來世界”的特別節(jié)目。

4.單選題

Ourspeciesevolvedonthemove.Recentresearchontheeffectsofexerciseandtheconsequencesofsedentarylivinghasshownthatphysicalactivityiscrucialtotheproperprocessingoffoodsthatweeat.Infact,mostofthechronicandoftenlife-threateningailmentsthatbesiegeAmericansinepidemicproportionscouldbetemperedbyregularexercise.Amongthemareheartdisease,diabetes,highbloodpressure,arthritis,andosteoporosis.Butlet'sfaceit:mostpeoplearenotmotivatedtoexercisebywhatitmaydoforthem20yearsdownthepike.Whatgetspeoplelikemeoutmovingeverydayiswhatexercisedoesformerightnow,especiallyhowitallowsmetoenjoyeatingwithoutgaining.I,alongwithmillionsofAmericans,havediscoveredthatexerciseisthekeytopermanentandpainlessweightcontrol.

Afterhearingadescriptionofmyusualdailyexercisescheduleamorningrunorbikerideandaneveningswim,sometimeswithanhouroftennisinbetween—somepeopleremark,“Wouldn’titbealoteasiertoeatonelessbageladayandskipallthatexercise?”Myansweris,“Easier,yes,butnotnearlyaseffectivenorasmuchfun”.Here’swhyexercise,notdieting,isthebestroutetoaleaner,lighteryou.

Farbetterforyourhealthand,yourfuturetoloseprimarilyfatisinthefirstplace.Theonlywaytodothatisthroughexercise,whichusesbodyfatasitsmainsourceofenergy.Youmaynotseethatinitialrapid(butfalse)weightloss,butwhatyoulosewillbewhatyouwanttolose——fat,notmuscleorwater.Yourlosswillbeslowbutsteady,and,ifyoumakeexercisearegularpartofyourlife,chancesareyourlosswillbepermanent,too.Ifit’sanyconsolation,studieshaveshownthatinmostcases,thefasterpeopleloseweight,themorelikelytheyaretoregainit.Slowloss,then,isthesecrettolastingsuccess.

Ifyouwanttoloseweightfasterthanyoucanwithjustexercise,simplycombineexercisewithareduced-caloriediet.ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,showedthatexercisecancounterthemetabolism-loweringeffectofalow-caloriedietinmanypeople.Italsoseemstocurbtheadversecaloriceffectofagingonbodymetabolism.Whereasordinarilyyourmetabolismwouldslowdownasyougetolder(whichisonereasonpeoplegetfatterinmiddleageeventhoughtheydon’teatmore),ifyoucontinuetoexerciseregularly,youmaykeepyouryouthfulmetabolicratebymaintainingamusclebodyinsteadoflosingmuscleandputtingonpoundsoffat.

1.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutweightcontrolisNOTtrue?

3.Mostmiddle-agedpeoplegetfatter,mainlybecause（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeabesttitleforthepassage?

5.Thepassageismainlyabout（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theslowerpeopleloseweight,thelesslikelytheyaretoachievetheirgoals

B.Peoplewhoareondietmerelylosemuscleandwater.

C.Regularexercisesmayreducethechanceofgettingcertainchronicdiseases.

D.Physicalactivityusemuscletissueasitsmainsourceofenergy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theexerciseisthesecrettopermanentandsuccessfulweightcontrol

B.Combiningexerciseswithareduced-caloriedietmakeiteasiertoloseweight.

C.Healthyweightcontrolmeansloseprimaryfat,notmuscleorwater.

D.Toeatlessandskiptheexerciseisaneasyandeffectivewayoflosingweight.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thechemicalactivityintheirbodythatusesthefoodtoproduceenergyslowsdown

B.theymadedietarychangeswhentheygrowold

C.oftheirsedentaryliving

D.theydon’texerciseregularly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.EatingWithoutGaining

B.Exercise:anEffectiveWeight-lossTool

C.MetabolicChangesinHumanBody

D.WaysofWeightControl

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.howtokeepfit

B.howtoloseweight

C.thebenefitsbroughtaboutbyregularexercises

D.exercisesanddiet

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段第三句指出:Infact,mostofthechronicandoftenlife-threateningailmentsthatbesiegeAmericansinepidemicproportionscouldbetemperedbyregularexercise(事實(shí)上，困擾美國人的大多數(shù)慢性疾病與危及生命的疾病是可以通過規(guī)律性鍛煉來調(diào)節(jié)的)。因此，C項(xiàng)“規(guī)律性鍛煉能夠降低患慢性疾病的機(jī)率”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Easier,yes,butnotnearlyaseffectivenorasmuchfun(的確是很容易減肥，但是遠(yuǎn)沒有期望的那么有效果)。由此可知D項(xiàng)“少吃且少運(yùn)動(dòng)是最簡單且有效的減肥方法”不符合原文所述。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段第四句指出了中年人發(fā)胖的原因:…yourmetabolismwouldslowdownasyougetolder（whichisonereasonpeoplegetfatterinmiddleageeventhoughtheydon’teatmore）(隨著年齡增長，新陳代謝速度減慢（這也是為什么人到了中年時(shí)期盡管吃得不多也很容易發(fā)胖的原因）)。因此，A項(xiàng)“體內(nèi)用以產(chǎn)生能量的化學(xué)分解活動(dòng)速度減慢”正確。

第4題:主旨大意題。本文主要講了規(guī)律性鍛煉對(duì)于健康以及減肥的作用，并且比較了其相對(duì)于通過飲食控制來減肥的好處。因此B項(xiàng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)是有效的減肥方法”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

第5題:主旨大意題。本文主要講了規(guī)律性鍛煉對(duì)于健康以及減肥的作用，并且比較了其相對(duì)于通過飲食控制來減肥的好處。故答案為C項(xiàng)“規(guī)律運(yùn)動(dòng)帶來很多益處”。

5.單選題

Thetasteofthefoodwasso（）thatitwashardlynoticeable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.superior

B.prime

C.topic

D.subtle

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。superior“優(yōu)秀的，出眾的”；prime“主要的，基本的”；topic“話題，主題”；subtle“微妙的，難以捉摸的”。根據(jù)后面的內(nèi)容“幾乎看不出來”，可知食物的味道是很微妙的，所以不易察覺。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

6.單選題

Itwasalreadyknownthatatleastsomegeneticabnormalitiesarecausedbytheabsenceofspecificproteins.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.irregularities

B.similarities

C.activities

D.qualities

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)irregularity“不規(guī)則；無規(guī)律；不整齊”；B選項(xiàng)similarity“類似；相似點(diǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)activity“活動(dòng)；活動(dòng)區(qū)；活動(dòng)性”；D選項(xiàng)quality“質(zhì)量，[統(tǒng)計(jì)]品質(zhì)；特性；才能”。句意：人們已經(jīng)知道，至少有些基因異常是由缺乏特定蛋白質(zhì)引起的。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞abnormalities“異常；畸形”，得知A為正確答案。

7.單選題

Wedon’tthinkthathis（

）abilityhasbeenwelldeveloped.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.possible

B.potential

C.initial

D.invisible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。possible“可能的”；potential“有潛力的”；initial“最初的”；invisible“看不見的”。句意：我們認(rèn)為他的潛力沒有被好好挖掘。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Workingfarawayfromhishome,hehadto（

）fromOxfordtoLondoneveryday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.commute

B.wander

C.ramble

D.motion

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)commute“通勤，往返于”；B選項(xiàng)wander“徘徊，漫步”；C選項(xiàng)ramble“閑逛”；D選項(xiàng)motion“運(yùn)動(dòng)”。句意：他在離家很遠(yuǎn)的地方工作，每天不得不往返于牛津和倫敦之間。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

Heusescolor,lightandformquitedifferentlyfromtheconventionalstyleofhis（

）

.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.descendants

B.predecessors

C.successors

D.ancestors

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)descendant“子孫，后裔”；B選項(xiàng)predecessor“前任，前輩”；C選項(xiàng)successor“后繼者，繼承人”；D選項(xiàng)ancestor“祖宗，祖先”，分析空格前后的句子成分，是一個(gè)所有格短語，充當(dāng)介詞from的賓語，意思可以理解為“前輩的傳統(tǒng)表達(dá)方式”，句意為：他在色彩、光線和形式方面，做法完全不同于他前輩的傳統(tǒng)方式。故正確答案選B。

10.單選題

Thenewaircraftwillbe（）toatestoftemperaturesof-65℃and120℃.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.summoned

B.subjected

C.suspended

D.suppressed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)summoned“召喚；鼓起（勇氣等）”；B選項(xiàng)subjected“使遭受”；C選項(xiàng)suspended“暫停；懸掛”；D選項(xiàng)suppressed“鎮(zhèn)壓；阻止（進(jìn)程或活動(dòng)），抑制（過程）”。句意：新的飛機(jī)會(huì)（），好去做一個(gè)到零下65℃和120℃的測(cè)試。根據(jù)語境，可知這里指的是新的飛機(jī)需要先做測(cè)試，合格以后才投入使用，suppressed“阻止（進(jìn)程或活動(dòng)）”比較合理。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Duringthepresidentialelectioncampaign,strategiesand______arebothcrucialforpublicdebates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.oratory

B.participation

C.auditory

D.perspective

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)oratory“雄辯，演講術(shù)”，B項(xiàng)participation“參與，分享”，C項(xiàng)auditory“聽眾，禮堂”，D項(xiàng)perspective“觀點(diǎn)，遠(yuǎn)景”。根據(jù)句子意思“在總統(tǒng)競選期間，戰(zhàn)略和……對(duì)公共辯論都是至關(guān)重要的”可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)最符合語境。句意：在總統(tǒng)競選期間，公共辯論的策略和演講都是至關(guān)重要的。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Onecannotbereallyhappyif（

）heenjoysdoingisignoredbysocietyasofnovalueorimportance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.how

C.what

D.where

【答案】C

【解析】考查從句連接詞的用法。句意：一個(gè)人如果喜歡做的事被社會(huì)認(rèn)為沒有價(jià)值而被忽略的話，他不會(huì)真的快樂。分析句子可知空格處要填入一個(gè)引導(dǎo)主語從句的連詞，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.寫作題

Directions:Writeacompositioninthetitle“HowtoEliminateFakeDiplomas”basedonthefollowinggivenoutlineinChinese.Yourcompositionshouldbeabout150Englishwords.PleasewriteyourcompositionontheAnswerSheet.

Outline:

1.現(xiàn)在社會(huì)上的假文憑屢見不鮮。

2.如何杜絕假文憑現(xiàn)象？

【答案】HowtoEliminateFakeDiplomas

Inthelastfewyears,thephenomenonoffakediplomasismoreserious.Plentyofpeopleusefakediplomasto

findagoodjob.Besidesthelowcostofthefakediplomasappealslotsofpeoplewhohavenotreceivedhighereducationwhichmakefakediplomasbecomemorecommon.

Fakediplomasdoharmtobothemployersandpersonswhohaverealdiplomas.Ifemployersappointemployeeswhoarenotqualifiedforacertainposition,theircompaniesmaysufferheavylosses,evenfacehugecrisis.Besides,it’sunfairforpeoplewithrealdiplomaswhenthosewhobuyfakediplomasdonotpayanyeffortsandmoneyinhighereducation.Soitistimetodealwiththefakeevent.

Tobeginwith,governmentshouldreleasesomelawstopunishthosepeoplewhofabricateandbuythefakediplomastolimitthefakeevent.Inaddition,theuniversitycanmaketheirdiplomaswithspecialmaterialtolimitthefakediplomas’spreading.Furthermore,universitiesshouldmatchupthecompaniestochecktherecordofformalschoolingoftheiremployees.Inthoseways,thefakeeventsmaybecontrolled.

14.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonTheBasicPurposeofCollegeEducation.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.Somepeoplebelievethatcollegesanduniversitiesareprimarilyvehiclesforthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture;

2.Othersarguethatcollegesanduniversitiesshouldgivestudentswhattheyneedtofindwell-paidjobs;

3.Youropinions.

【答案】ThePurposeofHigherEducation

Whatisthepurposeofhighereducation?Thisisundoubtedlyadebatableissue,sopeoplehaveamixedresponsetoit.

Recently,theeducationalcircleinChinahaslaunchedaheateddiscussionconcerningthepurposeofhighereducation.Accordingtoarecentquestionnaireconductedbyaneducationalorganization,45percentofteachersandstudentsbelievethatcollegesanduniversitiesareprimarilyvehiclesforthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture.Theyholdtheviewthattheculturalheritagesofmankind,whethertheyaretangibleorintangible,shouldbepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Soteachersandstudentshavetheirresponsibilitiesandobligationstopreserve,developandtransmitourintellectualculture.Theyshouldbedevotedtoachievingthisgoalonalong-termbasis.

Onthecontrary,55percentofteachersandstudentsarguethatcollegesanduniversitiesshouldgivestudentswhattheyneedtofindwell-paidjobs.Theymaintainthatinstitutionsofhigherlearningshouldcultivatestudents’creativityandworkingskillswhilegivingthemknowledge.Withpracticalskills,theycanearntheirbreadinahighlycompetitiveworld.Inotherwords,iftheknowledgestudentshaveacquiredisnotconducivetotheirjobhunting,what’stheuseofacquiringknowledge?

Inmyopinion,ifwelaidtoomuchemphasisonthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture,ourstudentswouldlosetheiropportunitiestocultivateworkingskillsandthusruntheriskofbecomingbookworms.Ifcollegesanduniversitiesstressedthecultivationofworkingskillstoomuch,studentswouldbeshortofintellectualculture.Whatreallycountsiskeepingabalancebetweentheformerandthelatter.It’sidealforourstudentstodevelopinanall-roundway.

15.單選題

Becauseofthetightermoneypolicy,（

）defenseforthecomingyearsisgreatlycut.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reservation

B.budget

C.allowance

D.finance

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reservation“預(yù)約”；budget“預(yù)算”；allowance“津貼”；finance“財(cái)政；金融”。句意：由于財(cái)政政策緊張，來年的國防預(yù)算大大縮減了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

Abutterfly’swinghasmyriadtinyscales.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prodigious

B.spectacular

C.countless

D.appalling

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)prodigious“驚人的，異常的，奇妙的”，B項(xiàng)spectacular“壯觀的，驚人的”，C項(xiàng)countless“無數(shù)的，數(shù)不盡的”，D項(xiàng)appalling“可怕的，令人震驚的”。句意：蝴蝶的翅膀上有無數(shù)細(xì)小的鱗片。根據(jù)句意可知，myriad在句中表示“無數(shù)的”，因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

Thesimplestanimalsarethosewhosebodiesaresimplestinstructureandwhichdothethingsdonebyalllivinganimals,suchaseating,breathing,movingandfeeling,inthemost（

）way.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bizarre

B.primitive

C.advantageous

D.unique

【答案】B

【解析】bizarre奇異的；primitive原始的,簡單的；advantageous有利的,有益的；unique獨(dú)一無二的。句意:最簡單的動(dòng)物是那些身體結(jié)構(gòu)單一的動(dòng)物,它們以最原始的方式做所有動(dòng)物都做的事情,如吃、呼吸、活動(dòng)和感知。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

18.單選題

TheNigerPresidenthadcauseduneaseintheWestAfricancountryfollowinghisfailuretoorganizeelectionswhenhis（）elapsed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tenancy

B.tension

C.territory

D.tenure

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞匯辨析。tenancy“租用，租賃，租賃期”；tension“緊張局勢(shì)”；territory“領(lǐng)地，領(lǐng)土”；tenure“任期”。句意：尼日爾總統(tǒng)任期結(jié)束后未能組織選舉，在這個(gè)西非國家引起了不安。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

19.單選題

Koizumi'sannualvisitstothenotoriousshrinehavesparkeda_______ofcondemnationandprotestsfromChinaandtheROKbecausetheshrinehonours14Class-Awarcriminals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.splash

B.flurry

C.particle

D.stain

【答案】B

【解析】splash污點(diǎn);flurry騷動(dòng),慌張,aflurryof—陣……；particle顆粒;stain污點(diǎn),瑕疵。句意：小泉每年都要參拜臭名昭著的神社，引發(fā)了中韓人民的譴責(zé)和抗議，因?yàn)樯裆绻┓钪?4名甲級(jí)戰(zhàn)犯。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

20.單選題

Beforeyoucanmakeafreshfruitsalad,youmustbuy（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.oranges,bananas,pineapples,andpeachesarenecessary

B.orangesandbananasandpineapplesandpeaches

C.orangesandbananasandotherfruits.Suchaspineapplesandpeaches

D.oranges,bananas,pineapples,andpeaches

【答案】D

【解析】考查并列謂語辨析。A選項(xiàng)arenecessary成分贅余，可排除。B選項(xiàng)and用法使用錯(cuò)誤，可排除。C選項(xiàng)and用法錯(cuò)誤，也可排除。句意：在你做新鮮水果沙拉之前，你必須先買……。結(jié)合句意，D選項(xiàng)and用法準(zhǔn)確，符合句意，因此答案為D選項(xiàng)。

21.單選題

Manypeople,ifnotmost,____literarytasteasanelegantaccomplishment,byacquiringwhichtheywillcompletethemselves,andmakethemselvesfinallyfitasmembersofacorrectsociety.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lookon

B.lookdown

C.lookin

D.lookinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析與上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)lookon“觀看；看待”；B選項(xiàng)lookdown“俯視；瞧不起”；C選項(xiàng)lookin“往里看；（~on順道拜訪）”；D選項(xiàng)lookinto“調(diào)查；窺視”。句意：許多人，即使不是大多數(shù)，____把文學(xué)品味作為一種高雅的修養(yǎng)……根據(jù)句意，此處表達(dá)的是把文學(xué)品味看作一種高雅的修養(yǎng)，A選項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

22.單選題

In1896,WilliamJenningsBryan,athree-timecandidatefortheAmericanpresidency,gaveaspeechonarelativelydryfinancialtopic,criticizingthegoldstandard.Buthisrhetoricwasfortheages:“Youshallnotpressdownuponthebrowoflaborthiscrownofthorns;youshallnotcrucifymankinduponacrossgold!”

JustoverahundredyearslaterSamBrownback,arguingforwaragainstIraqinaspeechtotheAmericanSenate,said,“WegoatIraqanditsaystocountriesthatsupportterrorists,thereremainsixintheworldthatareasourdefinitionstatesponsorsofterrorists,yousaytothosecountries:4Weareseriousaboutterrorism,weareseriousaboutyounotsupportingterrorismonyourownsoil.”’

Whathappenedoverthe20lhcentury?Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinoratoryorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandflair.Norsotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.JohnMcWhorter,alinguist,seesthetriumphof1960scountercultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanotherpassageagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”，forexample,tobenaturalandnomorelamentablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofBcowulf-earEnglish.

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing”，hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonalgenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealvibrancy.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthanMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshouldcare.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallybemoaningthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,but,probablyaninevitable.

1.ThesentencesofWilliamandSamarequotedinthefirsttwoparagraphstoshow（

）.

2.JohnMcWhorterattributesthedeclineofformalEnglishto

（

）.

3.JohnMcWhorter’sattitudetowardstheloss“whom”seemstobe

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

5.By“wenowtakeourEnglish‘onpaperplate’insteadofchina”，thelinguistmostprobablymeansthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thegreatsocialchangesthathavetakenplaceinacentury

B.theobviousdeclineofEnglishlanguagecommands

C.thatterrorismissueismoreseriousthangoldstandard

D.thatbothofthespeakersareexcellentspeechmakers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theAmerican’slowerexpectationsofpublicfigures

B.thePresident’slowerexpectationsofthemselves

C.thepermissiveattitudestowardslanguagedecadesago

D.thelossof“whom”andcase-endingsinEnglish

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.calm

B.critical

C.indifferent

D.supportive

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Englishbeforethesixtieswascharacterizedbydryfinancialtopic

B.Englishbeforethesixtieswasusedlessskillfullythanitisnow

C.Englishafterthesixtiesischaracterizedbyoralusages

D.Englishafterthesixtiesisusedlessofteninwrittenlanguagethaninspoken

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.nowadaysEnglishismoreoftenusedonpaperthanonchina

B.nowadaysEnglishismoreoftenusedinChinathaninothercountries

C.nowadaysEnglishhasbecomelessusefulinpaperwritingthanbefore

D.nowadaysEnglishhaslostsomeoriginalcharmeventhoughequallyuseful

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章前兩段對(duì)威廉和薩姆相關(guān)事件的引用是為了引出文章的話題，指出英語語言的退化現(xiàn)象，故答案選項(xiàng)為B項(xiàng)“英語語言的明顯衰退”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段的最后一句指出:JohnMcWhorter,alinguist,seesthetriumphof1960scountercultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish(語言學(xué)家約翰?麥克沃特認(rèn)為20世紀(jì)60年代反文化運(yùn)動(dòng)的勝利要對(duì)正式場(chǎng)合英語的退化負(fù)責(zé))，由此可知60年代的反文化運(yùn)動(dòng)是根本原因，選項(xiàng)C“幾十年前對(duì)語言的消極態(tài)度”是反文化運(yùn)動(dòng)的一部分，故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theloss“whom”定位至第四段:...heseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”，forexample,tobenaturalandnomorelamentablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofBeowulf-earEnglish(他認(rèn)為whom一詞的逐漸消失是很自然的，并不比裴歐沃夫時(shí)代英語中詞格尾綴的失蹤更讓人惋惜),作者認(rèn)為這一現(xiàn)象非常正常，故他的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是沉著冷靜的，故答案選項(xiàng)為A。

4.判斷推理題。選項(xiàng)A:20世紀(jì)60年代前的英語以枯燥的金融話題為特點(diǎn)，文章在開始的吋候只是提到了曾經(jīng)三次當(dāng)選美國總統(tǒng)候選人的威廉姆?詹寧森?布賴恩就一個(gè)相對(duì)枯燥無味的金融話題作了一番演講，并不能說明60年代前的英語以枯燥的金融話題為特點(diǎn)，故選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)B:20世紀(jì)60年代前的英語運(yùn)用沒有現(xiàn)在這么靈巧，根據(jù)文章中WilliamJenningsBryan和SamBrownback的例子可知，20世紀(jì)60年代前的英語運(yùn)用應(yīng)該是比現(xiàn)在更加靈巧，故選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文章第五段的...eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonalgenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealvibrancy.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.(即使是最受關(guān)注的文章也開始使用口語化的文字。類似地，在詩歌領(lǐng)域，唯一能夠具有真正活力的就是那種高度個(gè)人化和富有表現(xiàn)力的文學(xué)形式。無論作為口語還是書面語言的英語，侃侃而談勝過了雅致的言辭，而自我發(fā)揮也蓋過了精心準(zhǔn)備)。由此可知在當(dāng)吋口語化表達(dá)比書面表達(dá)使用頻率更高，但不能說當(dāng)吋是以口語化的表達(dá)為特點(diǎn)，故選項(xiàng)C(20世紀(jì)60年代后的英語以口語化為特點(diǎn))錯(cuò)誤，而選項(xiàng)D(20世紀(jì)60年代后的英語中口語化表達(dá)比書面表達(dá)使用頻率更高)正確，故選D。

5.語義題?！皐enowtakeourEnglish'onpaperplate’insteadofchina"所在句為:...heisreallybemoaningthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”“他其實(shí)只是為那些美好事物而不是實(shí)用品的消逝而哀嘆。也許我們現(xiàn)在用"紙盤子而非瓷盤子"盛著我們的英語大餐。”，根據(jù)其中的關(guān)鍵詞lossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful“那些美好事物而不是實(shí)用品的消逝”可以推斷出答案選項(xiàng)為D“如今英語正在漸漸喪失其原有的魅力，盡管他在走向?qū)嵱没薄?/p>

23.單選題

Americanuniversitystudentsareexpectedtoabidebythehonorsystem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.support

B.obey

C.understand

D.value

【答案】B

【解析】abideby意為遵守，信守。只有選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

24.單選題

AdetailedandthoroughresearchprojectundertakenbytheOpenUniversityrecentlyreportedthattheirevidenceappearstoshowthatcompetitionbetweennearbyschoolsdoesnotsignificantlyimproveacademicstandards.Indeed,theirreportinclinestotheoppositeoutcome;theexamresultsmayactuallydeclinewherecompetitionisfiercest.

Whenthefurthereducationsectorwas"privatized"afewyearsago,competitionbetweencollegesbecametrulyfierce,atleastinurbanareaswherepotentialstudentscouldchoosebetweenseveralofthem.Collegesappointedhighlypaidmarketingdirectorsandgavethemlargebudgets;someeven"bribed."interestedstudentswithpromisesofhundredsofpoundsiftheycompletedcertaincoursessatisfactorily.

FullycompetitivemarketsbeingaphilosophicalfoundationofBritain'srecentgovernments,itwasnosurprisetohearclaimsthatmanyeducationaldevelopmentsofthe1990swouldmoveustowardsafreemarketinsecondaryeducationgivingyoungstersandtheirparentsafreechoiceofwheretostudy.However,thesecondarysectordidnotbecomeparticularlycompetitivewhile,admittedly,theconsumershavebeengivenmoreinformation,whichisoneaspectofatrulyfreemarket.Itisveryrarethattwonearbyschoolswithatleastsomeemptyplacesaresimilarenoughtobecomparableyetdifferentenoughtoberankable;onlywherethatoccurscantherebetruecompetition.

TheOpenUniversityresearchwasprobablynotflawedbutitsconclusionsare.Thisisbecausetheteamdidnotreallycompareareashavingtruecompetition（asjustdefineD.withareasthatdonot.

But,letusallbreatheasighofrelief.Secondaryschoolshadstartedoflatetomoveinthemarketingdirection——consideringallocatingscarceresourcesofstaffandmoneytopersuadingthepupilsthattheirschoolsarethebestinthearea.Noschoolscouldaffordtodothatproperly,soitisarelieftorealizethisresearchtellsuswedon'thaveto.

Competition?Wehaven'tgottimeforit!Let'sspendoursmallbudgetinteachingandlearning,notincompetingandmarketing.

1.Itisindicatedinthepassagethatcompetitionbetweenschoolsresultsin（）.

2.Realcompetitioncanhappenonlywhen（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,thefreemarketinsecondaryeducation（）.

4.Theauthorofthepassagefeelsrelievedthat（）.

5.Whatmightbetheauthor'sattitudetowardscompetitionsbetweennearbyschools?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.higherenrollmentrate

B.loweracademicstandard

C.highermarketingexpenses

D.privatizationoffurthereducation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.academicstandardisimproved

B.therearecomparableschoolswithdifferenteducationalqualities

C.studentshavedifferentinterests

D.schoolsofallareashavesufficientbudgetfortheirdevelopment

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.onlyprovidesconsumerswithmoreinformation

B.ismorecompetitivethanthehighereducationmarket

C.meanstherewillbemoreintensivecompetitionthanincolleges

D.isarealsurprisetoBritain'srecentgovernment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.secondaryschoolshavetomarketthemselves

B.mostsecondaryschoolshavescarceresourcesofstaffandmoney

C.theresearchbyOpenUniversityprovesthatmostsecondaryschoolsarethebestinitsarea

D.schoolsneedn'tprovethattheyarethebest

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthorisinfavorofvarious