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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京電子科技學院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

10.

問題1選項

A.100.

B.232.

C.132.

D.332.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Thereareonly100passengersonthisairplane.

W:Thatleaves132emptyseats.

Q:Howmanyseatsarethereonthisairplane?

【解析】計算題。男士說飛機上現(xiàn)有乘客100個,女士說還有132個空位。因此飛機總共可以容納232個乘客。

2.單選題

I’lltrytogetintouchwithhimbuthe’s()everathomewhenIphone.

問題1選項

A.rarely

B.almost

C.hardly

D.occasionally

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項rarely“很少地;難得;罕有地”;B選項almost“差不多,幾乎”;C選項hardly“幾乎不,簡直不;剛剛”;D選項occasionally“偶爾;間或”。其中hardly帶否定意義,hardlyever含never的意思,可當作固定搭配,意為“幾乎從不,幾乎不”。句意:我盡量和他聯(lián)系,但我打電話時他幾乎不在家。因此C選項正確。

3.翻譯題

我們大家都讀過一些激動人心的故事,故事中的主人公將不久于人世,余下的日子屈指可數(shù),長不過一年,短則只有一天。我們始終很想知道,這個死到臨頭的人做出什么樣的抉擇來度過最后的命數(shù)。

這類故事常引起我們的思索和遐想:在這類情況下人們會做些什么呢?哪些事件、哪些經(jīng)歷、哪些聯(lián)想會在臨死的最后一刻一股腦兒涌向心頭呢?有時我想,把每一天都當作生命最后一天來過,也許是一種極好的生活準則。

【答案】參考譯文:

Allofushavereadthrillingstoriesinwhichtheherohadonlyalimitedandspecifiedtimetolive.Sometimesitwasaslongasyear;sometimesasshortastwenty-fourhours.Butwealwayswereinterestedindiscoveringjusthowthedoomedmanchosetospendhislastdaysorhislasthours.

Suchstoriessetusthinkingandwonderingwhatweshoulddoundersimilarcircumstances.Whatevents,whatexperiences,andwhatassociationsshouldwecrowdintothoselasthoursasmortalbeings?SometimesIhavethoughtitwouldbeanexcellentruletoliveeachdayasifweshoulddietomorrow.

4.翻譯題

ArecentadvertisementforGoogleChromeshowedaseriesofimportanteventsinachild’slife,eachonebelongingtoadifferentparttheInternet—thefirststepsonYouTube;birthdaye-mails;Facebookphotosofteenageparties.Themessagewasclear:alifecannowbefullyexpressedthroughtheInternet.

This,ofcourse,hasasignificanteffectonhowwerememberthings.Online,majoreventsandexperiencescanbereadabout—andwithvideo,watched—againandagain.ComputersandtheInternet,ratherthanofferingsomethingnew,combineallourtechnologicalmeansofartificialmemory—text,soundandimage—tocreateasynthesisthatcanrecallmemoriesmoreintenselythananythingbefore.

【答案】谷歌瀏覽器的最新廣告展示了一個孩子生活中的一系列重大事件,每件事都關乎互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的方方面面——YouTube上,孩子學會走路后邁出第一步的視頻;郵件中的電子生日賀卡,F(xiàn)acebook上年輕人聚會的照片。這一切所傳達出的信息顯而易見:生活完全可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上全部展現(xiàn)。

毫無疑問,這對我們的記憶方式產(chǎn)生了重大的影響。重要的事件與經(jīng)歷都能在網(wǎng)上以圖文或視頻的形式反復看到。電腦與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)并非提供給我們新鮮的事物,而是融合了文字、聲音、圖像等人工記憶的所有技術手段,共同創(chuàng)造出一種前所未有的,更加強烈地喚起我們記憶的綜合體。

5.單選題

AlthoughKantarguedthatlyingwas“theobliterationofone’sdignityasahumanbeing”andheldthattheruleagainstlyingwasabsolute,(

)nowadaysthatthemoralrulenottoliehastobequalifiedbycircumstance.

問題1選項

A.littlewoulddisagree

B.fewwoulddisagree

C.littlewouldagree

D.fewwouldagree

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。狀語從句的主語是康德,可知主句應為表示“人”的代詞,因此可排除不能指代人的little,即A和C選項。句意:康德認為說謊是“人的尊嚴的喪失”,認為反對說謊的規(guī)則是絕對的,但很少有人否認誠實這一道德準則不得不受制于環(huán)境。此處用雙重否定表示肯定。因此B選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Doctorsareresearchingthehealthbenefitsofredwine,specificallytheapparentlywondrouspowersofresveratrol,apolyphenolthatisfoundintheskinofgrapesandisthoughttopreventillnessandpromotelongevity.Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine;in1991,itcalledattentiontotheso-calledFrenchParadox,whichassumedthatthelowrateofheartdiseaseinFrance,despiteanationaldietgloriouslyabundantinrichfoods,wasduetothecountry’shugeconsumptionofredwine,Thatreportfannedanobsessiveinterestinthenutritionalandtherapeuticpropertiesofwine.ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?

Obviously,scientistsaren’tinvestigatingwine’sphysiologicalimpactbecausetheyarecamouflageforthewineindustryandwanttoencourageAmericanstodrink;theresearchisbeingpursuedandtheresultsdisseminatedbecauseitappearsthattherereallyisalinkbetweenredwineandwell-being.Itisnowwidelyrecognizedthatmoderateredwineconsumption-generallydefinedadoneortwo5-ounceglassesadayforwomenandtwoorthreeformen,drunkwithfood-increasesHDLcholesterol.The“good”cholesterolthatremoverfattydepositsfromarteries.Inaddition,scientistshavedeterminedthattheflavonoidsinredwinehaveananticoagulanteffectthatcanhelppreventbloodclotsleadingtoheartattacks.

ResveratrolisalsosaidtohavearoleinpreventingclotsandisbelievedtoinhibittheproductionofLDLcholesterol-thebadkind.Resveratrolseemstobetheomnipotentingredientinredwine-a“vascularpipe-cleaner,”asDr.ChristophWestphalandHarvardbiochemistDavidSinclairputit,whoseresearchsuggeststhatresveratrolcandelaytheagingprocessandpreventmanygerontologicaldiseases.Afewyearsago,scientistsreportedthatresveratrolmaydiscouragetheonsetofonesuchillness,Alzheimer.Itisalsoclaimedthatthisantioxidantcanbooststamina,reducelunginflammationstemmingfromchronicpulmonarydisease,andhelppreventcancer.Inthefallof2008,UniversityofPittsburghscientistsevenreportedthatresveratrolmightoffersomeprotectionagainstradiationpoisoning.

1.Theauthorreferstothe“FrenchParadox”(Line4,Para1)inorderto(

).

2.ThelastsentenceinParagraph1implies

).

3.Theauthor’spurposeisto

).

4.Inthelastparagraph,“Alzheime”isstatedasanexampleof(

).

問題1選項

A.explainallformerstudieshavefailedtodiscoverthemedicalfunctionofredwine

B.givemoreinformationonanewly-foundscientificdiscoveryofredwine

C.advocatefurtherstudyshouldbeconductedonthenationaldietofFrance

D.showit’shardtodecidewhetherredwineresultsinlowerheartdiseaserateinFrance

問題2選項

A.Americansarealwayscurioustofindoutscientificevidencefortheirdiet

B.aslongasweliketheflavorofwine,wecanjustgoaheadtohavemore

C.Americanshaveforlonghadaverystronginterestinraisingquestions

D.peoplecancontinuedrinkingredwineregardlessofitstasteandeffect

問題3選項

A.narrate

B.instruct

C.criticize

D.explain

問題4選項

A.theagingprocess

B.chronicpulmonarydisease

C.gerontologicaldisease

D.radiationpoisoning

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。題目提問‘作者提到(第4行,第1段)“法國悖論”是為了……。’根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine;in1991,itcalledattentiontotheso-calledFrenchParadox.這已經(jīng)不是第一次鼓吹紅酒的好處了,1991年呼吁人們注意所謂法國悖論就是其中的一次?!贝_定B選項‘為關于紅酒的新科學發(fā)現(xiàn)提供更多信息‘正確。

2.推斷題。題目提問‘第1段的最后一句意味著……?!鶕?jù)第—段最后一句“ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?這似乎是一種特別的美國情結,它提出了一個耐人尋味的問題:為什么我們美國人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由,而不只是因為它味道好,而且我們喜歡它?”確定這里作者想說的是“想喝酒就喝吧,不要找其它理由”,所以B選項‘只要酒的味道是我們喜歡的,我們就可以直接多喝些‘正確。

3.推斷題。題目提問‘作者的目的是……?!鶕?jù)文中由第一段第二句中的“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine.這不是第一次鼓吹紅酒的好處?!敝械膖rumpeting(鼓吹)以及第—段最后一句“ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?這似乎是一種特別的美國情結,它提出了一個耐人尋味的問題:為什么我們美國人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由,而不只是因為它味道好,而且我們喜歡它?”可以確定作者的態(tài)度是帶有批評意味的,C選項正確。

4.推斷題。題目提問‘在最后一段,“阿爾茨海默病”是作為一個……例子?!鶕?jù)最后一段第一句中的“whoseresearchsuggeststhatresveratrolcandelaytheagingprocessandpreventmanygerontologicaldiseases.研究表明白藜蘆醇可以延緩衰老過程,預防許多老年疾病?!迸c第二句中的“Afewyearsago,scientistsreportedthatresveratrolmaydiscouragetheonsetofonesuchillness.幾年前,科學家報告說,白藜蘆醇可能會阻止這種疾病的發(fā)生.”兩句的關系(前面提出與后面證明)確定第二句中的onesuchillness(Alzheimer)與第一句中的manygerontologicaldiseases是相互對應的,所以C選項正確。

7.單選題

People’sexpectationsaboutthefuturemayhavemoreinfluenceontheirsenseofwell-beingthantheir()statedoes.

問題1選項

A.current

B.initial

C.modern

D.primitive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。current“現(xiàn)在的,最近的”;initial“最初的”;modern“現(xiàn)代的”;primitive“原始的”。句意:人們對未來的期望,相比他們現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),可能對他們的幸福感產(chǎn)生更大的影響。由題干中的future以及than可推知此空應填與future相對應的表示時間狀態(tài)的詞,故A項符合題意。

8.單選題

Thefearthatthepoorcouldnotprofitfromeconomicinteractionhasnowgivenwaytoapessimismthattradewiththedevelopingworldwillimpoverishtoday’srichcountries.

問題1選項

A.restructure

B.obsolete

C.paralyze

D.weaken

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.restructure調整結構;改組B.obsolete淘汰的;廢棄的

C.paralyze使癱瘓;使麻痹D.weaken虛弱,衰弱

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞pessimism可知,impoverish是一個貶義詞,結合第二個同位語從句中提到developingworld(發(fā)展中國家)和richcountries(富裕國家)可推斷,impoverish是指“使貧困”,也就是說和發(fā)展中國家的貿(mào)易會削弱富裕國家的經(jīng)濟,D項詞義與之相近,故該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】對窮人無法從經(jīng)濟互動中獲益的擔憂,現(xiàn)在已被悲觀情緒所取代,這種悲觀情緒認為,與發(fā)展中國家的貿(mào)易將使今天的富裕國家變得貧窮。

9.單選題

CharlesDarwin's“OntheOriginofSpecies"iscreditedwithsparkingevolution'srevolutioninscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreataccordingtotheArnoldArboretum’snewdirector.

WilliamFriedman,theArnoldProfessorofOrganismicandEvolutionaryBiologywhotookoverasArboretumdirectorJan.1,hasstudiedDarwin’swritingsaswellasthoseofhispredecessorsandcontemporaries.WhileDarwiniswidelycreditedasthefatherofevolution,Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch"thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtocalmdownthosewhodemandedcreditfortheirown,earlierideas.

Thehistoricalsketchgrewwitheachsubsequentprinting,FriedmantoldanaudienceonJan.10,until,bythe6thedition,34authorswerementionedinit.Scholarsnowbelievethatsomewherebetween50and60authorshadbeatenDarwinintheirwritingsaboutevolution.IncludedwasDarwin'sgrandfather,ErasmusDarwin,aphysicianwhoirritatedclergymenwithhisinsistencethatlifearosefromlowerforms,specificallymollusks.

Friedman'stalk,“ADarwinianLookatDarwin'sEvolutionistAncestors”tookplaceattheArboretum'sHunnewellBuildingandwasthefirstinanewDirector’sLectureSeries.

ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin'sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew,mostprominentlyAlfredWallace,whosewritingonthesubjectafteryearsinthefieldspurredDarwin'swritingof“OntheOriginofSpecies."Althoughthebookrunsmorethan400pages,FriedmansaiditwasneverthebookonevolutionandnaturalselectionthatDarwinintended.In1856,threeyearsbeforethebookwaspublished,hebeganworkonadetailedbookonnaturalselectionthatwouldn'tseepublicationuntil1975.

Theseminaleventincreating“OntheOriginofSpecies”occurredin1858,whenWallacewroteDarwindetailingWallace'sideasofevolutionbynaturalselection.ThearrivalofWallace'sideasspurredDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan"abstract"oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.

ThiswasaluckybreakforDarwin,becauseitforcedhimtowritehisideasinplainlanguage,whichledtoabookthatwasnotonlyrevolutionary,despitethosewho'dtreadsimilargroundbefore,butthatwasalsoveryreadable.

ThoughothersthoughtaboutevolutionbeforeDarwin,scientificdiscoveryrequiresmorethanjustanidea.Inadditiontotheconcept,discoveryrequirestheunderstandingofthesignificanceoftheidea,somethingsomeoftheearlierauthorsclearlydidnothave—suchasthearboristwhoburiedhisthoughtsonnaturalselectionintheappendixofabookonnavaltimber.Lastly,scientificdiscoverydemandstheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessofanidea.Darwin,through“OntheOriginofSpecies"wastheonlythinkerofthetimewhohadallthreeofthosetraits,Friedmansaid.

“Darwinhadtheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea,"Friedmansaid,addingthatevenWallace,whoseclaimtonewthinkingonevolutionandnaturalselectionwasstrongerthanalltheothers,paidhomagetoDarwinbytitlinghis1889bookonthesubject,“Darwinism."

1.AccordingtoWilliamFriedman,Darwin's"OntheOriginofSpecies"isgreatinthat(

).

2.FriedmanbelievesthatDarwinattacheda“historicalsketch”tolaterprintingsofhisbookinanattemptto

).

3.InFriedman'sview,Darwin'soriginalityliesin

).

4.WehavelearnedthatatfirstDarwinintendedtowritehisideasin

).

5.Scientificdiscoveryrequiresallthefollowingexcept(

).

問題1選項

A.itwasthemoststudiedbylaterscientists

B.ithadsignificantideasaboutevolution

C.itwasthefirsttotalkaboutevolution

D.itwaswellreceivedbythepublic

問題2選項

A.credittheideasaboutevolutionbeforehis

B.claimhimselfasthefatherofevolution

C.introducehisgrandfathertothereader

D.summarizehispredecessors'work

問題3選項

A.histhinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolution

B.hissharingideasaboutevolutionwithhiscontemporaries

C.thewayhewrote“OntheOriginsofSpecies”

D.thewayhelecturedontheideasofevolution

問題4選項

A.amuchlargerbook

B.a400book

C.scientificterm

D.plainlanguage

問題5選項

A.comingupwithanewidea

B.understandingthesignificanceoftheidea

C.makingclaimstotheideabywritingbooks

D.convincingothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段最后一句提到“Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreataccordingtotheArnoldArboretum’snewdirector.”阿諾德植物園的新主管(WilliamFriedman)認為,使達爾文變得偉大的是他讓公眾理解進化論這個想法并接受它。因此D選項“它(《物種起源》)深受公眾的歡迎”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段提到“Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch"thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtocalmdownthosewhodemandedcreditfortheirown,earlierideas.”Friedman聲稱,達爾文將該‘歷史簡述’附加到自己杰作的后來版本上的目的是為了平息那些為自身更早想法要求榮譽的人。因此A選項“贊頌那些先于自己有關進化論的觀點”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。文章第五段提到“ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin'sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew.”雖然其他人在達爾文之前就已經(jīng)清楚地思考過進化論,但他并非沒有獨創(chuàng)性。弗里德曼說,達爾文關于自然選擇作為進化機制的思想很少有人贊同。因此A選項“他認為自然擇是進化機制”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。文章第六段提到“ThearrivalofWallace'sideasspurredDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan"abstract"oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.”Wallace的思想的出現(xiàn)促使達爾文寫“《物種起源》”,作為他在篇幅更大的著作中煞費苦心安排的那些觀點的一個“摘要”。注意題干中的“atfirst(起初)”,因此選A。

5.細節(jié)事實題。文章倒數(shù)第二段大意為:雖然其他人在達爾文之前思考過進化論,但科學發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅僅需要一個想法。除了概念之外,發(fā)現(xiàn)需要理解這個想法的意義,一些早期的作者顯然沒有——比如柏樹學家,他把他關于自然選擇的想法埋在一本關于海軍木材的書的附錄中。最后,科學發(fā)現(xiàn)需要有能力讓別人相信一個想法是正確的。弗里德曼說,通過“《物種起源》”,達爾文是那個時代唯一擁有這三種特征的思想家。因此選C。

10.單選題

Howcanwefinishtheworkinthe()ofanyotherhelpers?

問題1選項

A.shortage

B.haste

C.deficiency

D.absence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項shortage“缺乏,不足”。B選項haste“匆忙,急忙”。C選項deficiency“缺陷,缺點”。D選項absence“缺席,缺少,沒有”。句意:如果沒有其他幫手,我們怎么能完成這項工作呢?本句表示“缺乏幫手的話,難以完成這項工作”。因此D選項符合題意。

11.單選題

Passage3Theprocessofperceivingothersisrarelytranslated(toourselvesorothers)intocold,objectiveterms.“Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt.”Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpoint(強調)hisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideas,andcharacters.Furthermorewesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly—perhapswithatwo-secondglance.

Wetrytoobtainformationaboutothersinmanyways.Bergersuggestsseveralmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers;whoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson'sbehaviorwiththeknownothers'behavior,observingapersoninasituationwheresocialbehaviorisrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponsesarecalledfor,deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocialenvironmentsoastoobservetheperson’sresponsestospecificstimuli(刺激因素),askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththepersonabouthimorher,andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson—question,self-disclosures,andsoon.

Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepteideathatwewon’teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Itwillalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshockedbyseeminglyinconsistentbehavior.Ironically,thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofasatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson(e.g.disclosesandtruthfulstatement).

31.Accordingtothepassage,ifweperceiveaperson,wearelikelytobeinterestedin______.

32.Somepeopleareoftensurprisedbywhatotherpeopledo.AccordingtoBerger,thatismainlybecause______.

33.Wemayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthimbecause______.

34.Therearethingsthatwefindpreventingusfromknowingothers.Thesethingsare______.

35.Thispassagemainlyconcerns______.

問題1選項

A.whathewears

B.howtallheis

C.howhappyheis

D.whatcolorhedyeshishair

問題2選項

A.somepeoplearemoreemotionalthanothers

B.somepeoplearenotawareofthefactthatwewillnevercompletelyknowanotherperson

C.somepeoplearesensitiveenoughtosensethechangeofotherpeople’sattitudes

D.somepeoplechoosetokeeptothemselves

問題3選項

A.wedon’taccepttheideathatwemightneverfullyknowanotherperson

B.weoftengetinformationinacasualandinexactway

C.wepaymoreattentiontootherpeoplesmotivationsandemotions

D.weoftenhaveface-to-faceconversationwithhim

問題4選項

A.disclosures

B.deceptions

C.stimuli

D.interactions

問題5選項

A.theperceptionofotherpeople

B.therelationshipbetweenpeople

C.secretsanddeceptionsofpeople

D.people’sattitudesandcharacter

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】31.【選項釋義】

31.Accordingtothepassage,ifweperceiveaperson,wearelikelytobeinterestedin______.31.根據(jù)文章,如果我們感知一個人,我們可能會對______感興趣。

A.whathewearsA.他的穿著

B.howtallheisB.他的身高

C.howhappyheisC.他有多快樂

D.whatcolorhedyeshishairD.他染什么顏色的頭發(fā)

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第三句“更多的時候(Moreoften),我們試圖進入對方的內(nèi)心,找出他或她的態(tài)度、情感、動機、能力、想法和性格”可知,在感知一個人的時候,我們更多的是進入對方的內(nèi)心,感知他或她的態(tài)度、情感、動機、能力、想法和性格,C項“他有多快樂”屬于情感上的感知,故該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】A項“他的穿著”、B項“他的身高”和D項“他染什么顏色的頭發(fā)”都不屬于感知對方內(nèi)心的內(nèi)容,這三項屬于曲解原文。

32.【選項釋義】

32.Somepeopleareoftensurprisedbywhatotherpeopledo.AccordingtoBerger,thatismainlybecause______.32.有些人經(jīng)常對別人的所作所為感到驚訝。伯杰認為,這主要是因為______。

A.somepeoplearemoreemotionalthanothersA.有些人比其他人更情緒化

B.somepeoplearenotawareofthefactthatwewillnevercompletelyknowanotherpersonB.有些人沒有意識到我們永遠不會完全了解另一個人的事實

C.somepeoplearesensitiveenoughtosensethechangeofotherpeople’sattitudesC.有些人很敏感,能感覺到別人態(tài)度的變化

D.somepeoplechoosetokeeptothemselvesD.有些人選擇獨來獨往

【答案】B

【考查點】細節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第三段倒數(shù)第二句“這也會讓我們不會對看似不一致的行為感到太驚訝或震驚”,其中“這”指的是上一句“如果我們接受我們永遠無法完全了解另一個人的想法,它會使我們更容易處理那些妨礙我們獲得準確知識的事情”,理解可知如果我們接受我們永遠無法完全了解另一個人的想法,我們對看似不一致的行為不會感到太驚訝,反之我們對別人的所作所為感到驚訝的原因是我們沒有認識到我們永遠不會完全了解另一個人,故該題選擇B項“有些人沒有意識到我們永遠不會完全了解另一個人的事實”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】A項“有些人比其他人更情緒化”、C項“有些人很敏感,能感覺到別人態(tài)度的變化”和D項“有些人選擇獨來獨往”文中都沒有提及,這三項屬于無中生有。

33.【選項釋義】

33.Wemayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthimbecause______.33.我們可能已經(jīng)認識一個人十年了,但仍然對他知之甚少,因為______。

A.wedon’taccepttheideathatwemightneverfullyknowanotherpersonA.我們不接受我們可能永遠無法完全了解另一個人的想法

B.weoftengetinformationinacasualandinexactwayB.我們經(jīng)常以一種隨意而不準確的方式獲得信息

C.wepaymoreattentiontootherpeoplesmotivationsandemotionsC.我們更關注他人的動機和情緒

D.weoftenhaveface-to-faceconversationwithhimD.我們經(jīng)常和他面對面交談

【答案】B

【考查點】細節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第二句“你可能已經(jīng)認識一個人十年了,但仍然對他知之甚少”,前一句指出“了解一個人是一項永無止境的任務,這很大程度上是因為人們在不斷變化,而我們獲取信息的方法往往不精確(themethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise)”,理解可知,我們可能認識一個人十年,但我們?nèi)匀粚λ跎?,這是因為人們是不斷變化的,而我們獲取信息的方式是隨意而不準確的,所以該題選擇B項“我們經(jīng)常以一種隨意而不準確的方式獲得信息”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“我們不接受我們可能永遠無法完全了解另一個人的想法”是我們對看似不一致的行為感到驚訝的原因,而不是認識很久的人知之甚少的原因,該項屬于張冠李戴;

C項“我們更關注他人的動機和情緒”和D項“我們經(jīng)常和他面對面交談”文中沒有提及,這兩項屬于無中生有。

34.【選項釋義】

34.Therearethingsthatwefindpreventingusfromknowingothers.Thesethingsare______.34.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有些事情阻礙了我們了解他人。這些東西是______。

A.disclosuresA.公開的事情

B.deceptionsB.欺騙

C.stimuliC.刺激因素

D.interactionsD.互動

【答案】B

【考查點】細節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文最后一句“具有諷刺意味的是,對于發(fā)展一段令人滿意的關系來說,那些使我們無法了解對方的東西(如秘密和欺騙)可能與那些使我們能夠準確了解對方的東西(如公開和誠實的陳述)同樣重要”理解可知,阻礙我們了解他人的事情是一些秘密和欺騙,B項“欺騙”符合題意,故該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】

A項“公開的事情”是促進我們能夠準確了解對方的事物,該項屬于反向干擾;

C項“刺激因素”和D項“互動”文中沒有提及,這兩項屬于無中生有。

35.【選項釋義】

35.Thispassagemainlyconcerns______.35.這篇文章主要是關于______。

A.theperceptionofotherpeopleA.對他人的感知

B.therelationshipbetweenpeopleB.人與人之間的關系

C.secretsanddeceptionsofpeopleC.人們的秘密和欺騙

D.people’sattitudesandcharacterD.人的態(tài)度和性格

【答案】A

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第一句“感知他人的過程(對我們自己或他人來說)很少被翻譯成冷冰冰的、客觀的術語”,以及最后一段第一句“了解一個人是一項永無止境的任務,這很大程度上是因為人們在不斷變化,而我們獲取信息的方法往往不精確”可知,文章主要討論的內(nèi)容是感知他人;而第二段講述的是了解他人的一些方式,所以綜合理解可以推斷,這篇文章主要是關于對他人的感知,該題選擇A項“對他人的感知”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B項“人與人之間的關系”文中沒有提及,該項屬于無中生有;

C項“人們的秘密和欺騙”和D項“人的態(tài)度和性格”分別在第三段和第一段提到,但表述太片面,這兩項屬于以偏概全。

12.單選題

Everymonththeoldcoupleputasidealittlesumofmoneywhich()urgentuse.

問題1選項

A.meansfor

B.meansto

C.ismeantfor

D.ismeantto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。meanfor“對……意味著”;meanto“對……重要”;bemeantfor“為……做準備”;bemeantto“打算,意欲”。句意:這對夫婦每個月都會存一小筆錢,以備急需時用。選項C符合題意。

13.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Itiswellthatyoungmenshouldbeginatthebeginningandoccupythemostsubordinatepositions.ManyoftheleadingbusinessmenofPittsburghhadaseriousresponsibilitythrustuponthemattheverythresholdoftheircareer.Theywereintroducedtothebroom,andspentthefirsthoursoftheirbusinesslivessweepingouttheoffice.Inoticewehavejanitorsandjanitressesnowinoffices,andouryoungmenunfortunatelymissthatsalutarybranchofbusinesseducation.Butifbychancetheprofessionalsweeperisabsentanymorning,theboywhohasthegeniusofthefuturepartnerinhimwillnothesitatetotryhishandatthebroom.ItdoesnothurtthenewestcomertosweepouttheofficeifnecessaryIwasoneofthosesweepersmyself.

【答案】年輕人從頭做起,擔任基層職位,這是件好事。匹茲堡很多有名望的商人在創(chuàng)業(yè)之初都身負重任。他們拿過掃把,最初都是清掃辦公室。我注意到我們辦公室清潔工人,這使得我們的年輕人不幸失去了一個受良好商業(yè)教訓的機會。但是如果某天早晨碰巧那位清潔工人沒有來,某位用于未來合伙人氣質的年輕人會毫不猶豫地拿起掃把。如果有必要,新來的員工在辦公室打掃并沒有什么損失。我就一度自己打掃過。

14.單選題

Theirroomwasonthethirdfloor,itswindow______thesportsground.

問題1選項

A.overlooks

B.overlooking

C.overlooked

D.tooverlook

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查獨立主格結構。句意:他們的房間在三樓,從窗戶可以俯瞰運動場。逗號前句子結構完整,逗號后闡述的對象換成itswindow并且和overlook構成主謂關系,但是沒有引導詞來構成從句,確定考查獨立主格結構。根據(jù)itswindow和overlook構成主動關系,確定用現(xiàn)在分詞形式,B選項overlooking符合題意。A選項overlooks是一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù),C選項overlooked是過去分詞,表示被動,D選項tooverlook是不定式結構,表示目的。因此B選項正確。

15.單選題

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirrorortheglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3°Cwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarming-uptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth'schieffoodgrowingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming,inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhavegonebeyondthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsochangeableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingsharedrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolarweatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould(

).

2.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain(

).

3.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis(

).

4.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsbelievetheopinionthat(

).

5.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,(

).

問題1選項

A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

B.meanawarming-upintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface.

問題2選項

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.thesolareffectsontheearth

C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D

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