考研考博-英語-昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theteachersandparentsagreethatitisahintofwhatmightbeexpectedfrom（）generations.

問題1選項

A.superb

B.subsequent

C.supreme

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項superb“極好的，華麗的”；B選項subsequent“隨后的”；C選項supreme“最高的，至高的”；D選項subordinate“從屬的，隸屬的”。句意：老師和家長都認(rèn)為這是對（）代的期望。這里表達(dá)的句意是對subsequentgenerations“后代的期望”，因此B選項符合題意。

2.單選題

Tosurviveintheintensemarketcompetition,wemust（

）thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketdemand.

問題1選項

A.improve

B.gear

C.guarantee

D.enhance

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項improve“提高，改善”；B選項gear“適合；配合”；C選項guarantee“保證，擔(dān)?！保籇選項enhance“加強，提高”。gearto有“使……適合，配合”的意思。根據(jù)句子空格前后分析，這里需要填入一個動詞，根據(jù)題干前面的句意是“tosurviveintheintensemarketcompetition要在激烈的市場競爭中求生存”，結(jié)合后面的關(guān)鍵詞“qualitiesandvarietiesofproducts商品的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量”，可知B選項“適合，配合”符合語境，句意：為了在激烈的市場競爭中生存下來，我們必須調(diào)整產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量及品種以適應(yīng)國際市場的需求。選項B正確。

3.單選題

（

）inIndia,thebananawasbroughttotheAmericasbythePortuguesewhofounditinAfrica.

問題1選項

A.Originallycultivated

B.Originallybeingcultivated

C.Havingoriginallycultivated

D.Althoughitoriginallycultivated

【答案】A

【解析】考查過去分詞的用法。句子的主語時thebanana，從四個選項可知cultivate是一個關(guān)鍵詞，其與thebanana的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，選項C與D可以排除。主句中用的時態(tài)是was過去時，因此可以排除選項B。選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

（

）ofthegrasslanddwellersoftheNorthAmericancontinentistheantelope,orpronghorn.

問題1選項

A.Typical

B.Thetypical

C.Typicalis

D.While

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝句。分析句子可知，這是一個倒裝句，正常的語序是：theNorthAmericanantelope，orpronghornistypicalofthegrasslanddwellersofthecontinent。選項A符合題意。句意：美洲羚羊，又叫叉角羚，是北美大陸典型的草原動物。

5.單選題

Theyhadtoeata(n)（

）meal,ortheywouldbetoolatefortheconcert.

問題1選項

A.temporary

B.hasty

C.immediate

D.urgent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。temporary“暫時的，臨時的”；hasty“匆忙的，輕率的”；immediate“立即的，直接的”；urgent“緊急的，急迫的”。

句意：他們只能急匆匆地吃了飯，不然音樂會他們就會遲到了。選項B符合題意。

6.不定項選擇題

AndresearcherssaythatlikethoseliteraryromanticsRomeoandJuliet,theymaybeblindtotheconsequencesoftheirquestsforanidealizedmatewhoservestheireveryphysicalandemotionalneed.Nearly19in20never-marriedrespondentstoanationalsurveyagreethatwhenyoumarryyouwantspousetobeyoursoulmate,firstandforemostaccordingtotheStateofourUnions:2001studyreleasedWednesdaybyRutgersUniversity.

DavidPopenoe,aRutgerssociologistandoneofthestudy’sauthors,saidthatviewmightspelldoomformarriages.“Itreallyprovidesaveryunrealisticviewofwhatmarriagereallyis,”Popenoesaid.“Thestandardbecomessohigh,it’snoteasytobailoutifyoudidn’tfindasoulmate.”

Thesurveypointstoafundamentaldilemmainwhichyoungerpeoplewantmorefromtheinstitutionofmarriagewhiletheyseeminglyareunwillingtomakethenecessarycommitments.

Thesurveyalsosuggeststhatsomerespondentsexpecttoomuchfromaspouse,includingthekindofemotionalsupportrenderedbysamesexfriends.Theauthorsofthestudysuggestthatthegenerationthatwaspolledmaymorequicklyleaveamarriagebecauseofinfidelitythanpastgenerations.

Popenoesaidthepoll,conductedbytheGallupOrganization,isthefirstofitskindtoconcentrateonpeopleintheir20s.Atotalof1,003marriedandsingleyoungadultsnationwidewereinterviewedbytelephonebetweenJanuaryandMarch.Themarginoferrorwasplusorminusfourpercentagepoints.

Respondentssaidtheyeventuallywanttogetmarried,realizeit’salotofworkandthinktherearetoomanydivorces.Theybelievethereisonerightpersonforthemouttheresomewhereandthinktheirownmarriageswon’tendindivorce.

Sincethepollisthefirstofitskind,researcherssayitisimpossibletosayifexpectationsaboutmarriagearechangingorstatic.

Butscholarssaythesearchforsoulmateshasincreasedoverthelastgeneration—andthelastcentury—asmarriagehasbecomeaninstitutioncenteringonromanceratherthanutility.“Onehundredyearsago,peoplemarriedforfinancialreasons,fortyingfamiliestogether,theymarriedforpoliticalreasons,”SaidJohnDeLamater,asociologistattheUniversityofWisconsin.“Andmostpeoplehadchildren.”

ThoseconditionsarenolongerthecaseforyoungadultslikeDavidAsher,a24-yearwaiterinaTrentoncafewhohasbeeninarelationshipforabouttwoyears.Hewantstowaittomakesurehe’sreadytochangevows“Iknowalotofithastodowithfinancialreasons,”hesaid.“Maybeifyou’regoingtohavechildren,marriageisthebestbet.”Butthemainreasonformatrimony.“Ifyou’reinlovewithsomeone,it’ssortoflikepromisingtothemyouareinlove.”

That’sallwellandgood,saidHeatherHelms-Erikson,anassistantprofessorofhumandevelopmentandfamilystudiesattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatGreensboro,butpassionpartlyinendorphin—causedphysiologicalphenomenon—hasbeenknowntodiminishintime.

1.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?

2.Thenewstudyinthispassageshowsthat（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingmarriage?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthedifferencesbetweenthisgenerationandthepastgenerationsasfarasmarriageisconcerned?

5.WhichofthefollowingsentenceswillHeatherHelms-Eriksonusetoillustrateherownargument?

問題1選項

A.MarriageScholarsWorrySearchfor“SoulMates”isunrealistic

B.PeopleShouldSeekforRomanticLovelikeRomeoandJuliet

C.MarriageShouldHappenbetweenSoulMates

D.Searchfor“SoulMates”ShouldbesupersededbyReality

問題2選項

A.manyAmericanareverypracticalwhentheysearchforaspouse

B.American20-somethingshavealargelyromanticviewofmarriage

C.Romanticviewofmarriagemightleadmarriagetoahappyending

D.Americansarefondofmarriagelifesotheywillnotcarecohabitation

問題3選項

A.Itusuallyinvolvesidealizedmateswhocanservetheireveryphysicalandemotionalneed.

B.Itmaynotberealizedunlessthecoupleconsidercarefullyabouttheirresponsibilityandcommitment.

C.Itbecomesmoreunrealisticnowadaysthaninthepastbecausemostpeoplecenteronromanceinsteadofutility.

D.Itresultsfrommanyreasonssuchasfinancialreasons,familyreunion,apoliticalreasons.

問題4選項

A.Theyoungpeoplenowadaysrequiremorefrommarriagebuttheyseemnottobewillingtomakenecessarycommitments.

B.Thisgenerationexpectstoomuchfromtheirspouseandtheycannotkeeptobefaithfullytotheirhusbandsorwives.

C.Theyoungpeopleatpresentpaymoreattentiontolookforsoulmatesthanthepastgenerationswhentheysearchofpartners.

D.Nowsomeyoungpeopleusuallymarryforthesamereasonsastheoldergenerationssuchasfinancialonesandchildren.

問題5選項

A.Tenyearsintoamarriage,youwillstillhavegreatpassionandyounoticesometoneelseandsay,“Onlymywifeorhusbandismysoulmate.”

B.“Theromanticpartofmarriagewhileitcanbethere—shouldnotbesubstitutedbyotherthingssuchassharedvaluesandsocialstatus.”

C.“Thecoupleshouldfocusonthe‘threeCs’—communication,conflictresolutionandcommitmenttomakemarriagethefirstpriority.”

D.“Tenyearsintoamarriage,youdon’thavethatanymoreandyounoticesomeoneelseandthinkmaybethispersonismysoulmate.”

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。這篇文章最佳標(biāo)題是什么？選項A婚姻研究者擔(dān)心尋找“靈魂伴侶”這種想法很不現(xiàn)實；選項B“人們應(yīng)該尋找像羅密歐和朱麗葉那樣的愛情”；選項C“婚姻是靈魂伴侶之間的事”；選項D“和靈魂伴侶的婚姻最終會被現(xiàn)實打敗”，本文中，作者主要介紹了關(guān)于年輕人對于婚姻的態(tài)度問題的一個調(diào)查，結(jié)果顯示許多年輕人都夢想擁有靈魂伴侶，通過對年輕人的婚姻態(tài)度問題進(jìn)行分析之后，文章最后一段表明，有研究者表示婚姻中的熱情會隨著時間而消失，所以可以排除選項B和選項C；而選項D所表達(dá)的觀點又過于絕對，所以正確答案為選項A。

第2題:主旨大意題。這篇文章中新的研究表明了什么，選項A“許多美國人在尋找配偶時非常的物質(zhì)”；選項B“20多歲的美國年輕人有著非常浪漫的婚姻觀”；選項C“羅曼蒂克式的婚姻觀也許會帶來幸福的婚姻”；選項D“美國人非常熱衷婚姻生活，所以他們不會在乎同居”，選項A所表達(dá)的觀點與研究結(jié)果相悖，許多美國人在尋找配偶時不是非常的物質(zhì)，而是抱著非常浪漫的想法；選項C不屬于研究表明的觀點，在最新的研究中，研究者表現(xiàn)出對于浪漫的婚姻觀的擔(dān)憂，而不是贊成；選項D文章沒有提到，故正確答案為選項B。

第3題:推理判斷題?？梢酝茢喑鲎髡邔τ谝韵玛P(guān)于婚姻的看法中最有可能同意哪個？選項A“它通常發(fā)生在可以滿足彼此生理和心理需求的理想伴侶之間”；選項B“如果夫妻不認(rèn)真考慮他們的責(zé)任和承諾的話，婚姻將很難維持”；選項C“現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)人注重愛情而不是物質(zhì)，這讓婚姻相比過去而言，變得更加不現(xiàn)實”；選項D“婚姻是由許多因素共同決定的，比如經(jīng)濟原因，家族團(tuán)結(jié)和政治原因”，文章中作者只是站在一個客觀的角度來講述年輕人的婚姻觀和影響婚姻的一些因素，并沒有主觀的傾向哪一種婚姻，所以選項A和選項C可以排除，因為前者傾向于靈魂伴侶，后者傾向于物質(zhì)婚姻；選項D所表達(dá)的只是在過去人們結(jié)婚的原因，作者并沒有表示贊成；選項B所表達(dá)的觀點正是現(xiàn)在的年輕人對待婚姻所存在的問題，所以最有可能是作者贊成的，故正確答案為選項B。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。以下哪一點不是這一代與上一代關(guān)于婚姻的看法的差別？選項A“現(xiàn)在的年輕人要求從婚姻中獲得很多，但是他們似乎不愿做出承諾”；選項B“這一代人期待從配偶那里獲得很多，然而他們并不能對自己的丈夫或者妻子保持忠誠”；選項C“現(xiàn)在的年輕人相比上一代人尋找同伴而言他們更多的關(guān)注尋找靈魂伴侶”；選項D“現(xiàn)在的年輕人和老一輩一樣因為經(jīng)濟因素和孩子而結(jié)婚”，選項A、B和C都在文章中有體現(xiàn)，選項D的表達(dá)與文章第8段中“Butscholarssaythesearchforsoulmateshasincreasedoverthelastgeneration—andthelastcentury—asmarriagehasbecomeaninstitutioncenteringonromanceratherthanutility.但是學(xué)者表明尋找靈魂伴侶這種想法超過了上一輩——以及上個世紀(jì)——婚姻變成了愛情的殿堂而不是物質(zhì)”，從此處我們可以看出現(xiàn)在的年輕人更多的是因為愛情而結(jié)婚，所以選項D的表述錯誤，故正確答案為選項D。

第5題:推理判斷題。HeatherHelms-Erikson會用以下哪些話來證明她的觀點？選項A“結(jié)婚十年后，你依然對婚姻充滿激情，而且你會聽到有人說，之后我的妻子或者丈夫是我的靈魂伴侶”；選項B“婚姻中的愛情不應(yīng)該被其他東西所取代，比如相同的價值觀和社會地位”；選項C“夫妻應(yīng)該關(guān)注原則溝通，沖突解決辦法和承諾，以保持婚姻的優(yōu)先權(quán)”；選項D“結(jié)婚十年后，你不再有熱情了，當(dāng)你遇到另一個人然后你會認(rèn)為也許這個才是我的靈魂伴侶”，做題之前我們必須清楚HeatherHelms-Erikson這個人表達(dá)了什么觀點，根據(jù)最后一段我們認(rèn)為她所表達(dá)的觀點是：因為愛情而結(jié)婚是件很好的事情，但是激情會隨著時間而消失。所以我們要從四個選項中選擇一個能證明“激情會隨著時間而消失”這個觀點，所以分析四個選項所表達(dá)的意思可知正確答案為選項D。

7.單選題

______myreturn,IlearnedthatProfessorSmithhadbeenattheMuseumandwouldnotbebackforseveralhours.

問題1選項

A.At

B.On

C.With

D.During

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配題。onone’sreturn表示“在……回來的時候”。

8.單選題

Eachmonth5Yuanis（

）frommysalaryforhouse-repairingpayment.

問題1選項

A.excluded

B.expelled

C.compelled

D.docked

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項exclude“排除”；B選項expel“驅(qū)逐，開除”；C選項compel“強迫”；D選項dock“使靠碼頭，從（工資）中扣除（一部分的錢）”。句意：每個月從我的工資中扣去5元用于修房子。選項D符合句意。

9.單選題

Iwasdeeplyimpressedbythehostess'（

）andenjoyedthedinnerpartyverymuch.

問題1選項

A.hostility

B.indignation

C.hospitality

D.humanity

【答案】C

【解析】句意:女主人的熱情好客給我留下了深刻印象，我在這次晚宴中很開心。

考查名詞辨析。Hostility敵意,戰(zhàn)爭行動;indignation憤慨,義憤;hospitality好客,殷勤;humanity人道,仁慈。故C符合句意。

10.單選題

Tiredofurbanlife,Jenifermakesuphermindtobuildherownhomeinaregionwherewildlife（）.

問題1選項

A.abounds

B.exceeds

C.amplifies

D.sustains

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項abound表示“大量存在，盛產(chǎn)，充滿”，B選項exceed表示“超越，勝過”，C選項amplify表示“放大；擴大”，D選項sustain表示“維持（生命、生存）；保持；支撐”。由句意可知，珍妮弗因為厭倦城市生活，所以決心在野生動物豐富的地區(qū)建造自己的家。定語從句的主語是wildlife，缺少謂語動詞。對比四個選項，只有A選項詞義最符合原文句意，故A選項為本題正確答案。

11.單選題

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthosewholivingin（）populatedareas.

問題1選項

A.abundantly

B.intensely

C.densely

D.intensively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項abundantly“豐富地，大量地”；B選項intensely“強烈地”；C選項densely“濃密地，密集地”；D選項intensively“集中地，廣泛地”。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞“than”可知，前后形成對比。句意：住在小城鎮(zhèn)的人似乎比住在人口稠密地區(qū)的人更友好。人口稠密用“denselypopulated”，所以選項C正確。

12.單選題

Thepuritanarmyexecutedtheking,abolishedtheHouseofLords,andgottheHouseof

Commonsto（）Englanda"commonwealth",orrepublic.

問題1選項

A.proclaim

B.reclaim

C.exclaim

D.declaim

【答案】A

【解析】句意:清教徒軍隊處決了國王，廢除了上議院，并讓下議院宣布英格蘭為“聯(lián)邦”或共和國。

考查動詞辨析。proclaim宣布；宣稱；reclaim開拓；改造某人;exclaim呼喊；declaim演講；朗讀?？崭裉巹釉~后面的句意為“英格蘭為“聯(lián)邦”或共和國”，因此A符合句意。

13.單選題

SheisoneofthefewpeoplehereIcanunderstandproperly,shepronouncesallherwordsso_______.

問題1選項

A.exactly

B.distinctly

C.distinctively

D.distinguishably

【答案】B

【解析】exactly精確地；distinctly明顯地，清晰地；distinctively特殊地；distinguishably可區(qū)別地，辨認(rèn)得出。句意：她是我能聽懂的為數(shù)不多的幾個人之一，她把所有的字都讀得很清楚。

由題意可知，作者強調(diào)此人發(fā)音清晰，故選B。

14.單選題

TheSpaceAge（）inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

問題1選項

A.initiated

B.embarked

C.originated

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】initiate啟動,開始,發(fā)起；embark上飛機,上船;originated起源于,產(chǎn)生;commence開始,著手,獲得學(xué)位,既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞。句意為,自第一顆人造衛(wèi)星由蘇聯(lián)于1957年10月發(fā)射升空起,太空時代開始了。因此,本題選D。

15.單選題

Hotmetal______asitgrowscooler.

問題1選項

A.contracts

B.reduces

C.condenses

D.compresses

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.contracts（使）收縮，縮小B.reduces減少；降低

C.condenses（由氣體）冷凝，（使氣體）凝結(jié)D.compresses（被）壓緊，壓縮

【答案】A

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞cooler（變冷），結(jié)合常識可知，熱脹冷縮，所以空格處表示“縮小”，故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】

B、C項不符合句意；

D項是指由于外力的壓縮造成的，不符合語境。

【句意】熱金屬一開始變冷就收縮。

16.單選題

Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould（

）themassoonaspossible.

問題1選項

A.rectify

B.reclaim

C.refrain

D.reckon

【答案】A

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。rectify“改正”；reclaim“取回，收回”；refrain“節(jié)制，克制，避免”；reckon“認(rèn)為，假定”。句意：你一旦知道你錯在哪里，你就應(yīng)該盡快改正。選項A符合題意。

17.單選題

Ifthefirealarmissounded,allresidentsarerequestedto___inthecourtyard.

問題1選項

A.converge

B.assemble

C.crowd

D.accumulate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項converge“聚集（從不同的方向走向一個地方并相遇）；靠攏；收斂”；B選項assemble“集合，聚集；裝配；收集（作為一個團(tuán)體聚集在一起或者把人或事物作為一個團(tuán)體聚集在一起）”；C選項crowd“擠滿；逼近（某人）；聚集（站得很近以至于使某人感到不舒服或緊張）；（想法或觀點）塞滿腦子；催促（因而使人生氣或不快）”；D選項accumulate“累積；積聚（在一段時間內(nèi)逐漸得到越來越多某物）”。句意：如火警響起，請所有居民在庭院___。本句表達(dá)“火災(zāi)發(fā)生的話請所有居民作為一個團(tuán)體聚集在庭院”，因此B選項正確。

18.單選題

Alloftheinternationaldelegatesattendingtheconference（）tobringasouvenirfromtheirowncountries.

問題1選項

A.hasasked

B.isasking

C.wereasked

D.wasasking

【答案】C

【解析】本句主語為“delegates”，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。選項C正確。

19.單選題

Thecouplehadbeentryingtosatisfyalltheneedsoftheironlykid,whohadbeen（

）formorepocketmoneyallthetime.

問題1選項

A.impressing

B.importuning

C.informing

D.improvising

【答案】B

【解析】impress給人印象；importune強求，一再向某人要求；inform告訴，通知；improvise即興創(chuàng)作。句意：這對夫婦一直試圖滿足他們唯一的孩子的所有需要，而孩子一直在不斷地要求更多的零花錢。選項B符合語境。

20.單選題

Historybeforetheemergenceofwritingaround3,000B.C.receivesbrieftreatment,（）itconstitutes99.9%ofthefive-million-yearhistoryofthehumanspecies.

問題1選項

A.because

B.although

C.that

D.when

【答案】B

【解析】語法題?？崭袂熬涮岬綍鴮懹诠?000年左右的歷史知識得到了簡短的稱述，空格后句提到這個時間的歷史構(gòu)成了人類500萬年歷史的99.9%，所以前后兩句是讓步關(guān)系，選用讓步連詞although，選項B符合題意。

21.單選題

Ajokeortwoalways

upalecture,Ithink.

問題1選項

A.raise

B.loosen

C.liven

D.inspire

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。raise“提高”；loosen“放松；松開”；liven“使高興”，livenup“使……有生氣”；inspire“激發(fā)，鼓舞”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞alecture，可知是livenup符合題意。句意：我認(rèn)為一兩個笑話可以使課堂更有生氣。選項C符合題意。

22.單選題

Whatareliefitwaswhentheboulderssuddenlydisappeared,____toastretchofplainwheretheonlyobstacleswereclumpsofbushes.

問題1選項

A.givingway

B.givingin

C.gaveway

D.gavein

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.givingway讓路（現(xiàn)在分詞）B.givingin屈服（現(xiàn)在分詞）

C.gaveway讓路（過去分詞）D.gavein屈服（過去分詞）

【答案】A

【考查點】非謂語動詞與語義銜接

【解題思路】前文內(nèi)容為“大石頭突然不見了”，后文內(nèi)容為“一片平地”，根據(jù)前后語義可知，大石頭沒有了，緊接著的是一片平地，大石頭給平地讓路更符合語義銜接，空格處為非謂語動詞，大石頭給平地讓路，類似于主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。A選項givingway“讓路（現(xiàn)在分詞）”符合要求。

【干擾項排除】

B選項givingin“屈服（現(xiàn)在分詞）”，不符合原句語義銜接；

C選項gaveway“讓路（過去分詞）”，過去分詞形式，表被動，原句中不存在被動關(guān)系；

D選項gavein“屈服（過去分詞）”，不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】突然大石頭不見了，前面是一片平地，唯一的障礙只有叢生的灌木，這使我們松了一口氣。

23.單選題

Inscientificstudies,supportingevidenceismuchmoresatisfyingtoreportthanarediscreditedhypotheses,but,infact,the（

）oferrorsismorelikelytobeusefulthanistheestablishmentofprobabletruth.

問題1選項

A.formulation

B.correction

C.detection

D.accumulation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。formulation“規(guī)劃；配方”；correction“改正”；detection“偵查；探測”；accumulation“積聚，堆積物”。句意：從科學(xué)研究上來說，雖然有證據(jù)支撐的報告比不可靠的假說更令人滿意，但是事實上與發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤相比確立可能的真理可能更有用。由discreditedhypotheses“名譽掃地的假設(shè)”可推斷應(yīng)該是發(fā)現(xiàn)不可靠假說的錯誤，故C項正確。

24.單選題

Whatgoesoninthemindofaone-year-oldchildisanyone’sguess.

問題1選項

A.unknown

B.whatanybodycanguess?

C.knowntoall

D.nothingnew

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。anyone’sguess表示“任何人的猜測”；A項unknown“不知道的”，B項whatanybodycanguess?“大家能猜出什么？”，C項knowntoall“人盡皆知”，D項nothingnew“屢見不鮮，了無新意”。句意：誰都不知道一個一歲的孩子在想什么。根據(jù)句意可知，anyone’sguess在句子中表示“誰也不知道”；故該題選擇A項正確。

25.單選題

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthatdubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn’tsurprisedwhenthisdidn’tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we’renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks’unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas“government-runpersonnelmanagement”anda“dangerousprecedent”.Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis“noexit”whenitcomestochildren.“Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded.”

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren’swelfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccruetothewholeofsocietyastoday’schildrenbecometomorrow,sproductivecitizenry.Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

2.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

3.WhatisProfessorAnneAlston’sargumentforparentalsupport?

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica’slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren’swelfare?

5.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

問題1選項

A.Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

B.IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C.ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D.ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

問題2選項

A.TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B.TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

C.ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D.Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

問題3選項

A.Thecosto￡raisingchildrenintheUShasbeengrowing.

B.Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

C.TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.

D.Childrenneedcontinuouscare.

問題4選項

A.Theyfailtoensurechildren,shealthygrowth

B.Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents

C.Theyemphasizeparents’legalresponsibilities.

D.Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.

問題5選項

A.Itisregardedasalegalobligation.

B.Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.

C.Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.

D.Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，在發(fā)達(dá)國家中，只有兩個國家不提供帶薪照顧新生兒的假期保障。去年澳大利亞也建立了帶薪探親假，而在美國卻還是沒有這項政策。所以根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Iwasn'tsurprised...we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.”可知，選項A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“work-family”定位到第二段的最后一句“Infact,everystep...businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.”選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的第一句“justifyingparentalsupport...mustpayfor.”選項B與原文描述相符。

4.根據(jù)第四段“Thestaterecognizes...parentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.”作者認(rèn)為美國龐大的監(jiān)管兒童福利的家庭法律不能夠給父母提供足夠的支持。所以選項B正確。

5.根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容“Toclassifyductivecitizenry.”將養(yǎng)育子女歸為一種個人選擇，沒有集體責(zé)任，這不僅僅是忽視良好養(yǎng)育的社會效益，實際上是在竊取這些福利。選項D這實際上是一個社會事業(yè)符合原文。

26.單選題

Oursisasocietythattriestokeeptheworldsharplydividedintomasculineandfeminine,notbecausethatisthewaytheworldis,butbecausethatisthewaywebelieveitshouldbe.Ittakesunwaveringbeliefandconsiderableefforttokeepthisdivision.Italsoleadsustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgments,particularlyaboutlanguage.

Becausewethinkthatlanguagealsoshouldbedividedintomasculineandfemininewehavebecomeveryskilledatignoringanythingthatwillnotfitourpreconceptions.Wewouldratherchangewhatwehearthanchangeourideasaboutthegenderdivisionoftheworld.Wewillcallassertivegirlsunfeminine,andsupportiveboyseffeminate,andtrytochangethemwhilestillretainingourstereotypesofmasculineandfemininetalk.

Thisiswhysomeresearchonsexdifferencesandlanguagehasbeensointeresting.Itisanillustrationofhowwrongwecanbe.Ofthemanyinvestigatorswhosetouttofindthestereotypedsexdifferencesinlanguage,fewhavehadanypositiveresults.Itdeemsthatourimagesofserioustaciturn（沉默的）malespeakersandgossipygarrulous（饒舌的）femalespeakersarejustthat:images.

Manymythsassociatedwithmasculineandfemininetalkhavehadtobediscardedasmorehasbeenundertaken.Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwordsthanmales,stoptalkingind-sentence,ortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandoveragain,theydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound.

Noneofthesecharacteristicsoffemalespeechhavebeenfound.Andevenwhensexdifferenceshavebeenfound,thequestionarisesastowhetherthedifferenceisintheeye-orear-ofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage.

Pitchprovidesoneexample.Webelievethatmalesweremeanttotalkinlowpitchedvoiceswhilefemalesinhighpitchedvoices.Wealsobelievethatlowpitchismoredesirable.Well,ithasbeenfoundthatthisdifferencecannotbeexplainedbyanatomy.

Ifmalesdonotspeakinhighpitchedvoices,itisnotusuallybecausetheyareunabletodoismorelikelytobethattherearepenalties.Maleswithhighpitchedvoicesaretheobjectofridicule.Butpitchisnotanabsolute,forwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry.

1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkand

masculinetalkis（

）.

2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?

3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?

5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause（

）.

問題1選項

A.assertive

B.snobbish

C.approving

D.critical

問題2選項

A.Unfeminine

B.Powerful

C.Obedient

D.Unmasculine

問題3選項

A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferenceinlanguage

B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices

C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustrated

D.thatsexdifferencesliesineyeofearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage

問題4選項

A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords

B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover

C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished

D.Noneoftheabove

問題5選項

A.malesareunabletodoso

B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedat

C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeech

D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemales

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句話Italsoleadsustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgments,particularlyaboutlanguage，作者認(rèn)為男性化與女性化的區(qū)分會導(dǎo)致我們做一些愚蠢的判斷，所以可知作者對這種男性化談話與女性化談話的區(qū)分是持批判態(tài)度的。選項D符合題意。

2.題干中的effeminate意思是“柔弱的；沒有男子漢氣概的”，四個選項中選項D符合題意。unfeminine“不溫柔的”；powerful“有力量的”；obedient“順從的”。

3.文章最后一段最后一句話butpitchisnotanabsolute,forwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry提到每個國家男性的音調(diào)都是不同的，因此音調(diào)并不能用來判斷性別之間的語言區(qū)別。選項C符合題意。

4.文章第四段Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwordsthanmales,stoptalkingind-sentence,ortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandoveragain,theydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound提到了女性的一些行為，由此可知選項A、B、C都屬于人們對女性的刻板印象，因此選項D符合題意。

5.文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句話Maleswithhighpitchedvoicesaretheobjectofridicule提到如果男性用高音調(diào)說話會成為人家的笑柄，所以選項B符合題意。

27.單選題

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Inthefuture,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOsandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,“No,quitecontrary.”Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda“technologicalrenaissance”saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends―nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat’smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnogurus(領(lǐng)袖)promisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,generation,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24hourInteractnewsandentertainmentallseizeforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-andtime-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommoditizedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother’selectronicmessages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver.Exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachofsomeoneelsewhowantsourattention.

Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?

Maybe