考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華東政法大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華東政法大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare（）toheartattack.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.infectious

B.disposed

C.accessible

D.prone

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)infectious“傳染的，傳染性的”，B項(xiàng)disposed“有……傾向的；打算做……的”，C項(xiàng)accessible“易接近的，可進(jìn)入的”，D項(xiàng)prone“俯臥的，有……傾向的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞heartattack（心臟?。膳懦鼳、C選項(xiàng)。bedisposedto表示“有……傾向”，后面一般跟todo；beproneto表示“易于，有……的傾向”，后面一般跟名詞；heartattack是名詞，只有D項(xiàng)符合。句意：醫(yī)生們對(duì)使用激光作為外科手術(shù)工具對(duì)易患心臟病的人進(jìn)行手術(shù)很感興趣。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

TheExperimentalPsychologySocietytriestoimprovescientificcommunicationsamongexperimentalpsychologistsandthoseworkingin______fields.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cognate

B.congenial

C.congenital

D.cognitive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)cognate“同源的，同類(lèi)的”，B項(xiàng)congenial“意氣相投的，性格相似的”，C項(xiàng)congenital“先天的，天生的”，D項(xiàng)cognitive“認(rèn)知的，認(rèn)識(shí)的”?？崭裉幮揎椀脑~語(yǔ)是field（領(lǐng)域），由此可知，B、C項(xiàng)是修飾人的，故排除；根據(jù)improvescientificcommunicationsamongexperimentalpsychologistsandthoseworkingin______fields（改善實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)家和在……領(lǐng)域工作的人之間的科學(xué)交流）可知，A項(xiàng)更符合。句意：實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)試圖改善實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)家和在相同領(lǐng)域工作的人之間的科學(xué)交流。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Wedonotknowwhenmanfirstbegantousesalt,butwedoknowthatithasbeenusedinmanydifferentwaysthroughouthistory.(21)（）evidenceshows,forexample,thatpeoplewholivedoverthreethousandyearsagoate(22)（）fish.Stealingsaltwasconsideredamajorcrimeatcertaintimesinhistory.Intheeighteenthcentury,forinstance,ifapersonwas(23)（）“stealingsalt”,hecouldbeputinprison.Historyrevealsthatabouttenthousandpeoplewereputinprisonduringthatcentury(24)（）stealingsalt.

Inthemodernworldsalthasmanyuses(25)（）thediningtable.Itisusedinmakingglassandairplaneparts,inthe(26)（）ofcropsandinkillingweeds.Itisalsousedtomakewatersoft,tomelticeonroadsandhighways,tomakesoap,andto(27)（）colorsincloth.Saltcanbeobtainedinvariousways,besidesbeingtakenfromminesunderground.Evaporationofsaltwaterfromtheoceanorfromsaltwaterlakesorsmallseasisoneofthe(28)（）commonprocessesformanufacturingsalt.InAustralia,itcanevenbetakenfroma“saltbush.”Yet,(29)（）itisobtained,saltwillcontinuetoplayanimportant(30)（）inthelivesofmenandwomeneverywhere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ancient

B.Historic

C.Historical

D.Old

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.salt

B.salted

C.salting

D.salty

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.arrested

B.caught

C.got

D.seized

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.by

C.for

D.through

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.besides

B.beyond

C.except

D.over

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.bearing

B.developing

C.growing

D.training

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.fasten

B.fix

C.preserve

D.tie

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.little

B.many

C.much

D.more

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.however

B.whatever

C.whenever

D.wherever

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.duty

B.function

C.responsibility

D.role

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:D

第10題:D

【解析】21.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查上下文和詞語(yǔ)辨析。A項(xiàng)ancient“古代的”，B項(xiàng)historic“有歷史意義的”，C項(xiàng)historical“歷史的”，D項(xiàng)old“老的”。上文提到ithasbeenusedinmanydifferentwaysthroughouthistory（鹽的使用方式在歷史上有很多種），那么接下來(lái)的空格根據(jù)文章邏輯可知是表示“歷史證明”，historicalevidence表示“歷史證明，史實(shí)”。故該題選C。

22.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查詞語(yǔ)辨析。A項(xiàng)salt“含鹽的”，B項(xiàng)salted“用鹽腌漬的，用鹽調(diào)味的”，C項(xiàng)salting是salt的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，D項(xiàng)salty“咸的；含鹽的”。根據(jù)句子peoplewholivedoverthreethousandyearsagoate…fish（生活在三千多年前的人們吃……魚(yú)），結(jié)合上文提到了鹽，可知空格是表示“咸魚(yú)，腌魚(yú)”；saltedfish表示“咸魚(yú)，腌魚(yú)”。故該題選B。

23.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析和語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)arrest“逮捕”，指根據(jù)法律或命令進(jìn)行逮捕并予以監(jiān)禁或拘留；B項(xiàng)catch“抓住”，指捉住跑動(dòng)或隱藏中的人或動(dòng)物，一般指活捉；C項(xiàng)get“得到”；D項(xiàng)seize“奪取，逮捕”，側(cè)重指以突然、有力地動(dòng)作迅速抓住或捉住。根據(jù)句子ifapersonwas...“stealingsalt”（如果一個(gè)人被……偷鹽），可知空格是表示“抓住”；故該題選B。

24.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)as“作為”，B項(xiàng)by“通過(guò)”，C項(xiàng)for“為，因?yàn)椤?；D項(xiàng)through“通過(guò)”。根據(jù)句子Historyrevealsthatabouttenthousandpeoplewereputinprisonduringthatcentury…stealingsalt.（歷史表明，在那個(gè)世紀(jì)大約有一萬(wàn)人被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄……偷鹽。），可知空格是表示原因；故該題選C。

25.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)besides“除了……還有，另外”，B項(xiàng)beyond“超過(guò)”，C項(xiàng)except“除外”；D項(xiàng)over“完全覆蓋，翻轉(zhuǎn)”。根據(jù)句子Inthemodernworldsalthasmanyuses…thediningtable.（在現(xiàn)代，……餐桌上，鹽還有許多用途），結(jié)合后文可知空格是表示“除了”；故該題選A。

26.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)bearing“承載，忍受”，B項(xiàng)developing“發(fā)展”，C項(xiàng)growing“成長(zhǎng)”；D項(xiàng)training“訓(xùn)練”。根據(jù)空格處后面的crops（莊稼，農(nóng)作物）可知，空格表達(dá)的是“莊稼的種植”；故該題選C。

27.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)fasten“使固定”，B項(xiàng)fix“維修”，C項(xiàng)preserve“保存，維持”；D項(xiàng)tie“系牢，打結(jié)”。根據(jù)句子Itisalsousedtomakewatersoft,tomelticeonroadsandhighways,tomakesoap,andto…colorsincloth（它也被軟化水，融化道路和高速公路上的冰，制造肥皂，以及……給布料的顏色）可知，空格表達(dá)的是“保持顏色”；故該題選C。

28.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查詞語(yǔ)辨析。A項(xiàng)little“少的”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，B項(xiàng)many“許多的”，修飾可數(shù)名詞，C項(xiàng)much“許多”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；D項(xiàng)more“更多”，多用于比較級(jí)。根據(jù)空格處前面oneofthe…可知，如果空格處是最高級(jí)，應(yīng)該是oneofthemost…，more是比較級(jí)，沒(méi)有oneofthemore…這個(gè)用法，因此D項(xiàng)排除。little和much都是修飾不可數(shù)名詞，但是空格處后面是processes，所以A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)也排除。句意：從海洋、咸水湖或小海中蒸發(fā)鹽水是制造鹽的許多常見(jiàn)過(guò)程之一。故該題選B。

29.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查連詞辨析。A項(xiàng)however“然而”，B項(xiàng)whatever“無(wú)論什么”，C項(xiàng)whenever“無(wú)論何時(shí)”，D項(xiàng)wherever“無(wú)論哪里”。根據(jù)句子Evaporationofsaltwaterfromtheoceanorfromsaltwaterlakesorsmallseasisoneofthemuchcommonprocessesformanufacturingsalt.InAustralia,itcanevenbetakenfroma“saltbush”.（從海洋、咸水湖或小海中蒸發(fā)鹽水是制造鹽的許多常見(jiàn)過(guò)程之一。在澳大利亞，它甚至可以取自“鹽性灌木”。），結(jié)合前面提到的能夠提取鹽的地方，可知空格處應(yīng)該是表示“無(wú)論在哪里獲得鹽”；故該題選D。

30.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)duty“責(zé)任”，B項(xiàng)function“功能”，C項(xiàng)responsibility“責(zé)任，義務(wù)”，D項(xiàng)role“角色”，固定搭配playarolein表示“在……起作用”；句意：然而，無(wú)論在哪里獲得鹽，鹽將繼續(xù)在人們的生活中發(fā)揮重要作用。故該題選D。

4.單選題

Difficultmarketconditionswere（

）whenKoreantannersenteredtheUKandNewZealandrawmaterialmarkets,drivingupprices.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relieved

B.changed

C.deteriorated

D.solved

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。relieve意為“減輕，緩和”；change意為“改變”；deteriorate意為“變壞惡化”；solve意為“解決”。

句意：當(dāng)韓國(guó)制革工人進(jìn)入英國(guó)和新西蘭的原材料市場(chǎng)，抬高了價(jià)格，困難的市場(chǎng)條件惡化了。

5.單選題

Hisoriginalityasacomposeris（

）bythefollowinggroupofsongs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exemplified

B.created

C.performed

D.realized

【答案】A

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。exemplify“例證”；create“創(chuàng)造”；perform“執(zhí)行；表演”；realize“意識(shí)到；實(shí)現(xiàn)”。下面的這些歌曲能夠佐證他是一個(gè)原創(chuàng)作曲家。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

ThenIsawinmydream,thatwhentheyweregotoutofthewilderness,theypresentlysawatownbeforethem,andthenameofthetownisVanity;andatthetownthereisafairkept,calledVanityFair;itiskeptalltheyearlong.ItbearsthenameofVanityFair,becausethetownwhereitiskeptislighterthanvanity,andalsobecauseallthatistheresold,orthatcomesthither,isvanity.Asisthesayingofthewise,“Allthatcomesisvanity.”

Thisfairisnonewlybegunbusiness,butathingofancientstanding.Iwillshowyoutheoriginalofit.

Almostfivethousandyearsago,therewerepilgrimswalkingtotheCelestialCity,asthesetwohonestpersonsare;andBeelzebub,Apollyon,andLegion,withtheircompanions,perceivingbythepaththatthepilgrimsmade,thattheirwaytothecitylaythroughthistownofVanity,theycontrivedheretosetupafair;afairwhereinshouldbesoldallsortsofvanity,andthatitshouldlastalltheyearlong.Thereforeatthisfairareallsuchthingssold,ashouses,lands,trades,places,honors,preferments,titles,countries,kingdoms,lusts,pleasures,anddelightsofallsorts,aswives,husbands,children,masters,servants,lives,blood,bodies,souls,silver,gold,pearls,preciousstones,andwhatnot.

And,moreover,atthisfairthereisatalltimestobeseencheats,games,plays,fools,apes,knaves,androgues,andthatofeverykind.Herearetobeseen,too,andthatfornothing,thefts,murders,adulteries,falseswearers,andthatofablood-redcolor.

And,asinotherfairsoflessmoment,therearetheseveralrowsandstreets,undertheirpropernames,wheresuchandsuchwaresarevended;soherelikewiseyouhavetheproperplaces,rows,streets(namely,countriesandkingdoms),wherethewaresofthisfairaresoonesttobefound.HerearetheBritainRow,theFrenchRow,theItalianRow,theSpanishRow,theGermanRow,whereseveralsortsofvanitiesaretobesold.But,asinotherfairs,someonecommodityisasthechiefofallthefair,sothewareofRomeandhergoodsaregreatlypromotedinthisfair;onlyourEnglishnation,withsomeothers,havetakenadislikethereat.

Now,asIsaid,thewaytotheCelestialCityliesjustthroughthistownwherethislustyfairiskept;andhethatwouldgotothecity,andyetnotgothroughthistown,mustneedsgooutoftheworld.ThePrinceofprinceshimself,whenhere,wentthroughthistowntohisowncountry,andthatuponafairdaytoo;yea,andasIthink,itwasBeelzebub,thechieflordofthisfair,thatinvitedhimtobuyofhisvanities;yea,wouldhavemadehimlordofthefair,wouldhebuthavedonehimreverenceashewentthroughthetown.

1.Theword“fair”inVanityFairisclosestinmeaningto（）.

2.Theword“they”inLine3,Paragraph3refersto（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisFALSEaboutVanityFair?

4.WhereisVanityFairsituated?

5.Thepronoun“him”,in“wouldhebuthavedonehimreverenceashewentthroughthetown”refersto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.justice

B.average

C.atravellingshow

D.market

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Beelzebub,Apollyon,andLegion

B.thesetwohonestpersons

C.thecompanionsofthethesetwohonestpersons

D.pilgrims

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Cheating,stealingandkillingprevails.

B.Youcanbuythingsaswellashumans.

C.Itisanancientinvention.

D.TheexpensivegoodsaremadeinRome.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.InatownonthewaytotheCelestialCity.

B.InBritain

C.Nowhere

D.InEurope

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thePrinceofprinces

B.theLordofthefair

C.theCelestialCity

D.He

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“ItbearsthenameofVanityFair…andalsobecauseallthatistheresold,orthatcomesthither,isvanity.”，可知VanityFair這個(gè)地方是買(mǎi)賣(mài)東西的，所以是一個(gè)市集的名字，fair的意思最有可能是“市場(chǎng)”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Beelzebub,Apollyon,andLegion,withtheircompanions…theycontrivedheretosetupafair”，可知Apollyon、Beelzebub和他們的同伴打算在這兒建立一個(gè)市鎮(zhèn)。所以文中的they就是指這些人。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“But,asinotherfairs,someonecommodityisasthechiefofallthefair,sothewareofRomeandhergoodsaregreatlypromotedinthisfair”，可知和其他集市一樣，也有一些商品會(huì)成為市集的主角，比如羅馬的器皿以及其他商品就非常暢銷(xiāo)。只是說(shuō)明羅馬的有些商品在集市非常受歡迎，無(wú)法說(shuō)明昂貴的物品都產(chǎn)自羅馬。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Beelzebub,Apollyon,andLegion,withtheircompanions,perceivingbythepaththatthepilgrimsmadethattheirwaytothecitylaythroughthistownofVanity,theycontrivedheretosetupafair”，可知Apollyon、Beelzebub和他們的同伴從朝圣者通往天國(guó)的路上，他們能夠看到浮華鎮(zhèn)是必經(jīng)之地，所以打算在這里建立一個(gè)集市。所以集市的位置應(yīng)該位于朝圣者通往天國(guó)的路上。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句，“…wouldhavemadehimlordofthefair,wouldhebuthavedonehimreverenceashewentthroughthetown.”，可知Beelzebub邀請(qǐng)耶穌在鎮(zhèn)上購(gòu)買(mǎi)虛榮商品，并且承諾只要在他經(jīng)過(guò)集市的時(shí)候，向他表示敬意，就會(huì)讓他成為集市的主人。所以可推斷，文段中的him就是指集市的主人。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Itisnaturalformeto（）onhismotivesforthevisitsforwehavenotbeenonspeakingtermsformanyyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflect

B.suppose

C.speculate

D.mediate

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A:reflecton“仔細(xì)想；回憶；反省”；B:supposeon“猜測(cè)；考慮”；C:speculateon“推測(cè)；猜想；推斷”；D:mediateon“沉思；打算”。句意：我很自然地猜測(cè)到他訪(fǎng)問(wèn)的動(dòng)機(jī)，因?yàn)槲覀兌嗄陙?lái)一直沒(méi)有談過(guò)話(huà)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，此處表示猜測(cè)，故C為正確答案。

8.單選題

TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,ratifiedin1868,prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws”.Althoughpreciselywhattheframersoftheamendmentmeantbythisequalprotectionclauseremainsunclear,allinterpretersagreethattheframers'immediateobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866,whichguaranteedthecitizenshipofallpersonsbornintheUnitedStatesandsubjecttoUnitedStatesjurisdiction.Thisdeclaration,whichwasechoedinthetextoftheFourteenthAmendment,wasdesignedprimarilytocountertheSupremeCourt'srulinginDredScottVSanfordthatBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatescouldbedeniedcitizenship.TheactwasvetoedbyPresidentAndrewJohnson,whoarguedthattheThirteenthAmendment,whichabolishedslavery,didnotprovideCongresswithauthoritytoextendcitizenshipandequalprotectionthefreedslaves.AlthoughCongresspromptlyoverrodeJohnson'sveto,supportersoftheactsoughttoensureitsconstitutionalfoundationswiththepassageoftheFourteenthAmendment.

ThebroadlanguageoftheamendmentstronglysuggeststhatitsframerswereproposingtowriteintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrightsbutaprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatforbidsorganizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetforthefirsteightdecadesoftheamendment'sexistence,theSupremeCourt'sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublicaccommodationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.AftertheSecondWorldWar,ajudicialclimatemorehospitabletoequalprotectionclaimsculminatedintheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BroadofEducationthatraciallysegregatedschoolsviolatedtheequalprotectionclauseoftheFourteenthAmendment.

1.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelyindicatesthesequenceoftheeventslistedbelow?

I.CivilRightsActof1866II.DredScottV.Sanford

III.FourteenthAmendmentIV.VetobyPresidentJohnson

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoriginalproponentsoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

4.TheauthorimpliesthattheFourteenthAmendmentmightnothavebeenenactedif（）.

5.Thepassagesuggeststhattheprincipaleffectofthestateactionlimitationwasto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Bypresentingalistofspecificrights,framersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereattemptingtoprovideaconstitutionalbasisforabroadjudicialprotectionoftheprincipleofequalcitizenship.

B.InterpretersoftheFourteenthAmendmenthavenotreachedconsensuswithregardtowhatitsframersmeantbytheequalprotectionclause.

C.NotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWardidtheSupremeCourtbegintointerprettheFourteenthAmendmentinamannerconsistentwiththeprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatitexpresses.

D.TheframersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereawarethatthephrase“equalprotectionofthelaws”hadbroadimplications.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.I-II-IV-III

B.I-IV-III-II

C.III-II-I-IV

D.II-I-IV-III

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.detailingtherightsaffordedbytheprincipleofequalcitizenship

B.providingsupportintheConstitutionforequalprotectionforallcitizensoftheUnitedStates.

C.overturningtheCivilRightsActof1866

D.assertingthatthecivilrightsprotectedbytheConstitutionincludednonracialdiscriminationaswellasracialdiscrimination.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Congress'authoritywithregardtolegislatingcivilrightshadnotbeenchallenged.

B.theframershadanticipatedtheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.theframershadbelievedthatitwouldbeusedindecidingcasesofdiscriminationinvolvingnon-racialgroups.

D.Moststategovernmentshadbeenwillingtoprotectcitizens'civilrights.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.allowsomediscriminatorypracticestocontinueunimpededbytheFourteenthAmendment.

B.influencetheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.provideexpandedguidelinesdescribingprohibitedactions.

D.prohibitstatesfromenactinglawsthatviolatedtheintentoftheCivilRightsActof1866.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“...writeintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrights...”可知選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段第二句“allinterpretersagreethat...theCivilRightsActof1866”可知,選項(xiàng)B也錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知選項(xiàng)C正確；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒(méi)有提及。

2.根據(jù)原文可知,《民權(quán)法案》是1866年出臺(tái)的,《第十四條修正案》是1868年批準(zhǔn)的,所以首先排除選項(xiàng)C；根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,《民權(quán)法案》中的宣言其主要目的是為了反對(duì)最高法院在DredScott起訴Sanford案中做出的黑人可以被剝奪公民權(quán)的裁決。由此可知,訴訟發(fā)生在《民權(quán)法案》之前,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句,AndrewJohnson總統(tǒng)否決了《民權(quán)法案》,他認(rèn)為廢除奴隸制的第十三修正案沒(méi)有賦予國(guó)會(huì)權(quán)力將公民權(quán)和平等保護(hù)擴(kuò)展到被解放的奴隸。盡管?chē)?guó)會(huì)很快推翻了Johnson的否決,但該法案的支持者試圖通過(guò)《第十四條修正案》確保其憲法基礎(chǔ)。由此可知,《第十四條修正案》的支持者最關(guān)心的是憲法是否為所有美國(guó)公民的平等保護(hù)提供了支持,選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知,如果國(guó)會(huì)在立法公民權(quán)利方面的權(quán)威沒(méi)有受到挑戰(zhàn),《第十四條修正案》也許不會(huì)頒布。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段“...,whichassertsthat“private”decisions...theFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.”該限制規(guī)定,公共設(shè)施和其他商業(yè)企業(yè)業(yè)主所做出的對(duì)其設(shè)施實(shí)行種族隔離的“私人”決定不受《第十四條修正案》保證的法律平等保護(hù)的影響。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

9.單選題

TheOlympicGames（

）in776B.C.inOlympia,asmalltowninGreece.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.originated

B.stemmed

C.derived

D.descended

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)起源于公元前776年希臘一個(gè)叫奧林匹亞的小鎮(zhèn)。

originatedin起源于，通常后面接地點(diǎn);steemed一般與介詞from連用表示“源于”;derivedfrom由…衍生而來(lái);descendfrom由…傳下來(lái)，通常后面接某人。

10.單選題

Whenapsychologistdoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople（

）andasksthemquestions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atlength

B.atrandom

C.inessence

D.inbulk

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。atlength意為“充分地”；atrandom意為“任意地，隨便地”；inessence意為“本質(zhì)上，大體上”；inbulk意為“大量，整批”。

句意：當(dāng)心理學(xué)家要做一個(gè)關(guān)于人類(lèi)思維的常規(guī)實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，他會(huì)隨機(jī)地選擇人并問(wèn)他們問(wèn)題。

11.單選題

Thegoalistousecrops,weedsandevenanimalwaste________thepetroleumthatfuelsmuchofAmericanmanufacturing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intermsof

B.infavorof

C.inspiteof

D.inplaceof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)intermsof“在……方面，就……而言”；B選項(xiàng)infavorof“贊成”；C選項(xiàng)inspiteof“不管，盡管”；D選項(xiàng)inplaceof“取代，代替”。句意：這個(gè)目標(biāo)是用莊稼，野草甚至是動(dòng)物排泄物來(lái)（）為絕大多數(shù)美國(guó)人生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)提供動(dòng)力的石油。人們使用莊稼等有機(jī)物很明顯是為了取代石油這種化學(xué)物來(lái)充當(dāng)燃料的，所以答案選D。

12.單選題

Theyear1995washeraldedasthebeginningofthe“NewEconomy.”Digitalcommunicationwassettoupendmarketsandchangeeverything.Buteconomistsbyandlargedidn’tbuyintothehype.Itwasn’tthatwedidn’trecognizethatsomethingchanged.Itwasthatwerecognizedthattheoldeconomicslensremainedusefulforlookingatthechangestakingplace.Theeconomicsofthe“NewEconomy”couldbedescribedatahighlevel:Digitaltechnologywouldcauseareductioninthecostofsearchandcommunication.Thiswouldleadtomoresearch,morecommunication,andmoreactivitiesthatgotogetherwithsearchandcommunication.That’sessentiallywhathappened.

Todayweareseeingsimilarhypeaboutmachineintelligence.Butonceagain,aseconomists,webelievesomesimplerulesapply.Technologicalrevolutionstendtoinvolvesomeimportantactivitybecomingcheap,likethecostofcommunicationorfindinginformation.Machineintelligenceis,initsessence,apredictiontechnology,sotheeconomicshiftwillcenteraroundadropinthecostofprediction.

Thefirsteffectofmachineintelligencewillbetolowerthecostofgoodsandservicesthatrelyonprediction.Thismattersbecausepredictionisaninputtoahostofactivitiesincludingtransportation,agriculture,healthcare,energymanufacturing,andretail.

Whenthecostofanyinputfallssoprecipitously,therearetwootherwell-establishedeconomicimplications.First,wewillstartusingpredictiontoperformtaskswherewepreviouslydidn’t.Second,thevalueofotherthingsthatcomplementpredictionwillrise.

Asmachineintelligencelowersthecostofprediction,wewillbegintouseitasaninputforthingsforwhichweneverpreviouslydid.Forexample,withthetechnologicaladvanceinsemiconductors,thecostofcalculationdroppedsignificantly,soactivitiesforwhicharithmeticwasakeyinputbecamemuchcheaper.Consequently,inphotography,weshiftedfromafilm-oriented,chemistry-basedapproachtoadigital-oriented,arithmetic-basedapproach.

Whenthecostofafoundationalinputplummets,itoftenaffectsthevalueofotherinputs.Thevaluegoesupforcomplementsanddownforsubstitutes.Inthecaseofphotography,thevalueofthehardwareandsoftwarecomponentsassociatedwithdigitalcameraswentupasthecostofarithmeticdroppedbecausedemandincreased—wewantedmoreofthem.Thesecomponentswerecomplementstoarithmetic;theywereusedtogether.Incontrast,thevalueoffilm—relatedchemicalsfell—wewantedlessofthem.

Asmachineintelligenceimproves,thevalueofhumanpredictionskillswilldecreasebecausemachinepredictionwillprovideacheaperandbettersubstituteforhumanprediction,justasmachinesdidforarithmetic.However,thisdoesnotspelldoomforhumanjobs,asmanyexpertssuggest.That’sbecausethevalueofhumanjudgmentskillswillincrease.Usingthelanguageofeconomics,judgmentisacomplementtopredictionandthereforewhenthecostofpredictionfallsdemandforjudgmentrises.We’llwantmorehumanjudgment.

Forexample,whenpredictionischeap,diagnosiswillbemorefrequentandconvenient,andthuswe’lldetectmanymoreearly-stage,treatableconditions.Thiswillmeanmoredecisionswillbemadeaboutmedicaltreatment,whichmeansgreaterdemandfortheapplicationofethics,andforemotionalsupport,whichareprovidedbyhumans.Thelinebetweenjudgmentandpredictionisn’tclearcut—somejudgmenttaskswillevenbereframedasaseriesofpredictions.Yet,overallthevalueofprediction-relatedhumanskillswillfall,andthevalueofjudgment-relatedskillswillrise.

56.Thehighlightedword“hype”inParagraph2maybebestinterpretedas______.

57.Accordingtotheconsequencesofmachineintelligence,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

58.InParagraph5,theauthormentionssemiconductorinorderto______.

59.Theinfluenceofmachineintelligenceuponhumanactivitiesisthat______.

60.Themostsuitabletitleforthismessageforthispassageis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.carnival

B.exaggeration

C.leap

D.ecstasy

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thecostofproductsandservicesbasedonpredictionwillbereduced.

B.Somenewtaskswillbereframedaspredictionproblems.

C.Pricesofcomplementsthathelppredictionwillrise.

D.Thevalueofhumanjudgmentwilldecrease.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.showthattechnologyhasmademajorprogressinthearithmeticarea

B.explainwhyfilmphotographyisreplacedbydigitalphotography

C.illustratethattechnologicaladvanceswillreduceproductcosts

D.provethatthepricesofcomplementswillincrease

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecostofhumanpredictionwillincrease

B.humanjudgmentwillbecomemorevaluable

C.machineintelligencewillreplacehumanjobs

D.peoplewillmakemoredecisionsonmedicaltreatment

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theeconomiceffectsofmachineintelligence

B.Machineintelligencevshumanprediction

C.Costreductionindigitaltechnology

D.Advancesinmachineintelligence

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】56.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“第二段中黑體字‘hype’一詞最好解釋為……”。文章第一段有提到hype這個(gè)單詞，Digitalcommunicationwassettoupendmarketsandchangeeverything.Buteconomistsbyandlargedidn’tbuyintothehype.（數(shù)字通信注定要顛覆市場(chǎng)，改變一切，但總的來(lái)說(shuō)，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家并不接受這種炒作）；hype的本義是炒作，在這里是指前一句內(nèi)容過(guò)于“夸張，言過(guò)其實(shí)”；由此推斷第二段第一句Todayweareseeingsimilarhypeaboutmachineintelligence.（今天，我們看到了關(guān)于機(jī)器智能的類(lèi)似炒作）中的hype也是同樣表示“夸張”的意思，所以B項(xiàng)“夸張”正確。A項(xiàng)“狂歡”、C項(xiàng)“飛躍”和D項(xiàng)“狂喜”都不符合語(yǔ)境。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

57.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)機(jī)器智能的影響，下面哪個(gè)陳述是不正確的？”。根據(jù)第三段第一句話(huà)Thefirsteffectofmachineintelligencewillbetolowerthecostofgoodsandservicesthatrelyonprediction.（機(jī)器智能的第一個(gè)作用將是降低依賴(lài)預(yù)測(cè)的商品和服務(wù)的成本）可知，基于預(yù)測(cè)的商品和服務(wù)成本會(huì)降低，故A項(xiàng)“基于預(yù)測(cè)的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)成本將會(huì)降低”符合原文；從第四段第二句First,wewillstartusingpredictiontoperformtaskswherewepreviouslydidn’t.（首先，我們將開(kāi)始使用預(yù)測(cè)來(lái)執(zhí)行以前沒(méi)有執(zhí)行的任務(wù)）可知，一些任務(wù)將被重新預(yù)測(cè)，B項(xiàng)“一些新的任務(wù)將被重新作為預(yù)測(cè)問(wèn)題”正確；第四段第三句指出Second,thevalueofotherthingsthatcomplementpredictionwillrise.（其次，補(bǔ)充預(yù)測(cè)的其他東西的價(jià)值將會(huì)上升），可知C項(xiàng)“幫助預(yù)測(cè)的附加品價(jià)格將上升”也正確；D項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)判斷的價(jià)值將會(huì)降低”不屬于機(jī)器智能的影響。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

58.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“在第五段中，作者提到半導(dǎo)體是為了……”。第五段第一句提到Asmachineintelligencelowersthecostofprediction,wewillbegintouseitasaninputforthingsforwhichweneverpreviouslydid.（隨著機(jī)器智能降低了預(yù)測(cè)的成本，我們將開(kāi)始把它作為一種輸入，用于我們以前從未做過(guò)的事情），接著就引出了半導(dǎo)體發(fā)展所帶來(lái)的攝影方面的變革這一例證，由此可推斷，技術(shù)的進(jìn)步降低了產(chǎn)品的成本；C項(xiàng)“說(shuō)明技術(shù)進(jìn)步會(huì)降低產(chǎn)品成本”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“表明技術(shù)在算術(shù)領(lǐng)域取得了重大進(jìn)步”和B項(xiàng)“解釋為什么膠片攝影被數(shù)碼攝影取代”是細(xì)節(jié)描述和舉例說(shuō)明，不是引出半導(dǎo)體真正的目的；D項(xiàng)“證明附加品的價(jià)格將會(huì)增加”這是產(chǎn)品成本下降后的影響，不屬于提及半導(dǎo)體的原因。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

59.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“機(jī)器智能對(duì)人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的影響是……”。第七段第一句指出Asmachineintelligenceimproves,thevalueofhumanpredictionskillswilldecrease（隨著機(jī)器智能的提高，人類(lèi)預(yù)測(cè)技能的價(jià)值將會(huì)下降），結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二句Usingthelanguageofeconomics,judgmentisacomplementtopredictionandthereforewhenthecostofpredictionfallsdemandforjudgmentrises.（用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的語(yǔ)言來(lái)說(shuō)，判斷是預(yù)測(cè)的補(bǔ)充，因此，當(dāng)預(yù)測(cè)的成本下降時(shí)，判斷的價(jià)值就會(huì)上升）可知，人類(lèi)預(yù)測(cè)技能價(jià)值下降，判斷價(jià)值會(huì)增加，所以B項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)的判斷將變得更有價(jià)值”正確。A項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)預(yù)測(cè)的成本將會(huì)增加”，如果預(yù)測(cè)成本增加，那么判斷價(jià)值就會(huì)下降，這與原文不符；第七段第二句提到However,thisdoesnotspelldoomforhumanjobs,asmanyexpertssuggest.（然而，這并不像許多專(zhuān)家所說(shuō)的那樣意味著人類(lèi)工作的末日）可以推斷，機(jī)器智能并不能完全取代人類(lèi)的工作，所以C項(xiàng)“機(jī)器智能將取代人類(lèi)的工作”錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“人們將在醫(yī)療上做出更多的決定”這只是用來(lái)對(duì)“人類(lèi)的判斷將變得更有價(jià)值”而進(jìn)行的例證。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

60.主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最適合的標(biāo)題是……”。通讀全文，文章第一段提出了數(shù)字技術(shù)在“新經(jīng)濟(jì)”中帶來(lái)的影響，第二段引出智能機(jī)器，接著就詳細(xì)分析了機(jī)器智能對(duì)于市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)以及人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的影響，因此可以判斷A項(xiàng)“機(jī)器智能的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“機(jī)器智能vs人類(lèi)預(yù)測(cè)”、C項(xiàng)“數(shù)字技術(shù)的成本降低”和D項(xiàng)“機(jī)器智能的進(jìn)展”都只是在某個(gè)段落提及，不夠全面表達(dá)文章的內(nèi)容。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

DearSirs,

Yourshipmentoftwelvethousand“Smart”watcheswasreceivedbyourcompanythismorning.However,wewishtomakeanumberofcomplaintsconcerningtheseriousdelayindeliveryandyourfailuretocarryoutourspecificinstructionswithregardtothisorder.

Itwasstressedfromthebeginningthatthedeliverydatehadtobelessthansixweeksfromtheinitialorder,inordertomeetourowncustomers’requirements.Whileweunderstandthatdelaysinproductionareoccasionallyinevitable,wemustpointoutthatthemajorreasonwhytheorderwasplacedwithyourcompanywasbecausewewereassuredbyyouofitsspeedofdelivery,andthatyourexistingstocksweresufficientlyhightoensureimmediateshipment.Latedeliveryofthegoodshascausedustodisappointseveralofourmostvaluedcustomers,andisboundtohaveanegativeeffectonpotentialfutureorders.

Thesecondcomplaintconcernsthedifferenceincolorbetweenthewatchesweorderedandthosedelivered.Itwasstatedclearlyintheoriginalorderthatwatchesincombinationsofgreen/purpleandorange/purpleonlywererequired.However,onlyhalfthewatchesinthedeliveryreceivedareofthecolorsspecified.OurHongKongagentassuresusthatshestressedtoyoutheimportanceoffollowingourinstructionsprecisely,sinceweconsidertheretobeonlyalimitedmarketinthiscountryforwatchesofothercolorsatthepresenttime.Anywatchesthatarenotofthespecifiedcolorswill,ofcourse,bereturnedtoyou.

Wearealsosomewhatconcernedabouttheratherpoorqualityofthegoodsreceived,sinceitisapparentthatthewatchesthatfinallyarrivedhavebeenproducedfrominferiormaterialsandhavebeenmanufacturedtoalowerstandardthanthoseinthesample.Wehavealsofoundthatanumberofthewatchesdonotappeartobefunctioning.Whetherthelatterproblemisduetopoormanufactures,damageduringtransportationorbadbatteriesisnotyetclear,butweshouldliketopointoutthatwefeelthismattertobeentirelyyourresponsibility.

Asaresultoftheaboveproblems,therefore,wefeelthatthemostsuitablecourseofactionistoreturntoyouunpaidanyofthegoodsconsideredunsatisfactory,andtosubtractanyresultantcostsfromourfinalsettlement.Weshallalso,ofcourse,beforcedto