考研考博-英語-四川電子機(jī)械職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川電子機(jī)械職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ifaforeignobjectbecomeslodgedintheeye,medicalhelpisnecessary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.depositedin

B.residedin

C.blurryto

D.isolatedfrom

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。lodgein意為“固定在，留在”；depositin意為“存放，存在”；residein意為“居住，存在于”；blurryto意為“模糊到”；isolatefrom意為“與……隔離”。

句意：如果有異物卡在眼睛內(nèi)，需要醫(yī)療救助。

2.單選題

Afterlisteningtothetestimony,themembersofthejurydeliveredtheirverdict.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decision

B.sentence

C.prosecution

D.mandate

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)decisionn.決心，決定；B選項(xiàng)sentencen.句子，命題，宣判；C選項(xiàng)prosecutionn.起訴，檢舉；D選項(xiàng)mandaten.授權(quán)，命令。根據(jù)句意陪審團(tuán)的成員們在聽取證詞后宣布了判決，因此B項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Thegovernmentisseekingto（

）itselffromthelatestfinancialcrisis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.detach

B.extract

C.derive

D.ease

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。detach“使擺脫；派遣；使超然”；extract"提?。惶釤挘徽洝?；derive“源于；得自；獲得”；ease“減輕；使安心”。句意：政府正在尋求方法擺脫最近的金融危機(jī)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Recentyearshavebroughtminority-ownedbusinessesintheUnitedStatesunprecedentedopportunities—aswellasnewandsignificantrisks.CivilrightsactivistshavelongarguedthatoneoftheprincipalreasonswhyBlacks,Hispanics,andotherminoritygroupshavedifficultyestablishingthemselvesinbusinessisthattheylackaccesstothesizableordersandsubcontractsthataregeneratedbylargecompanies.NowCongress,inapparentagreement,hasrequiredbylawthatbusinessesawardedfederalcontractsofmorethan$500,000dotheirbesttofindminoritysubcontractorsandrecordtheireffortstodosoonformsfiledwiththegovernment.Indeed,somefederalandlocalagencieshavegonesofarastosetspecificpercentagegoalsforapportioningpartsofpublicworkscontractstominorityenterprises.

Corporateresponseappearstohavebeensubstantial.Accordingtofigurescollectedin1977,thetotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesrosefrom$77millionin1972to$1.1billionin1977.Theprojectedtotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesfortheearly1980’sisestimatedtobeover53billionperyearwithnoletupanticipatedinthenextdecade.Promisingasitisforminoritybusinesses,thisincreasedpatronageposesdangersforthem,too.First,minorityfirmsriskexpandingtoofastandoverextendingthemselvesfinancially,sincemostaresmallconcernsand,unlikelargebusinesses,theyoftenneedtomakesubstantialinvestmentsinnewplants,staff,equipment,andthelikeinordertoperformworksubcontractedtothem.If,thereafter,theirsubcontractsareforsomereasonreduced,suchfirmscanfacepotentiallycripplingfixedexpenses.Theworldofcorporatepurchasingcanbefrustratingforsmallentrepreneurswhogetrequestsforelaborateformalestimatesandbids.Bothconsumevaluabletimeandresources,andasmallcompany’seffortsmustsoonresultinorders,orboththemoraleandthefinancialhealthofthebusinesswillsuffer.

AsecondriskisthatWhite-ownedcompaniesmayseektocashinontheincreasingapportionmentsthroughformationofjointventureswithminority-ownedconcerns.Ofcourse,inmanyinstancestherearelegitimatereasonsforjointventures;clearly,Whiteandminorityenterprisescanteamuptoacquirebusinessthatneithercouldacquirealone.ButcivilrightsgroupsandminoritybusinessownershavecomplainedtoCongressaboutminoritiesbeingsetupas“fronts”withWhitebacking,ratherthanbeingacceptedasfullpartnersinlegitimatejointventures.

Third,aminorityenterprisethatsecuresthebusinessofonelargecorporatecustomeroftenrunsthedangerofbecoming—andremaining—dependent.Eveninthebestofcircumstances,fiercecompetitionfromlarger,moreestablishedcompaniesmakesitdifficultforsmallconcernstobroadentheircustomerbases:whensuchfirmshavenearlyguaranteedordersfromasinglecorporatebenefactor,theymaytrulyhavetostruggleagainstcomplacencyarisingfromtheircurrentsuccess.

31.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.

32.Accordingtothepassage,civilrightsactivistsmaintainthatonedisadvantageunderwhichminority-ownedbusinesseshavetraditionallyhadtolaboristhattheyhave______.

33.Thepassagesuggeststhatthefailureofalargebusinesstohaveitsbidsforsubcontractsresultquicklyinordersmightcauseitto______.

34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,comparedwiththerequirementsoflaw,thepercentagegoalssetby“somefederalandlocalagencies”(inParagraph1)are______.

35.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakentheauthor’sassertionthat,inthe1970’s,corporateresponsetofederalrequirements(inParagraph2)wassubstantial?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentacommonplaceideaanditsinaccuracies

B.describeasituationanditspotentialdrawbacks

C.proposeatemporarysolutiontoaproblem

D.exploretheimplicationsofafinding

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.beenespeciallyvulnerabletogovernmentalmismanagementoftheeconomy

B.beendeniedbankloansatratescomparabletothoseaffordedlargercompetitors

C.nothadsufficientopportunitytosecurebusinesscreatedbylargecorporations

D.nothadadequaterepresentationinthecentersofgovernmentpower

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.experiencefrustrationbutnotseriousfinancialharm

B.facepotentiallycripplingfixedexpenses

C.havetorecorditseffortsonformsfiledwiththegovernment

D.increaseitsspendingwithminoritysubcontractors

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.morepopularwithlargecorporations

B.morespecific

C.lesscontroversial

D.easiertocomplywith

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Between1970and1972,corporatecontractswithminority-ownedbusinessesdeclinedby25percent.

B.Thefigurescollectedin1977underrepresentedtheextentofcorporatecontractswithminority-ownedbusinesses.

C.Theestimateofcorporatespendingwithminority-ownedbusinessesin1980isapproximately$10milliontoohigh.

D.The$1.1billionrepresentedthesamepercentageoftotalcorporatespendingin1977asdid$77millionin1972.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】31.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

31.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.31.文章的主要目的是為了______。

A.presentacommonplaceideaanditsinaccuraciesA.提出一個老生常談的觀點(diǎn)及其不準(zhǔn)確之處

B.describeasituationanditspotentialdrawbacksB.描述一種情況及其潛在的缺點(diǎn)

C.proposeatemporarysolutiontoaproblemC.對一個問題提出臨時的解決方案

D.exploretheimplicationsofafindingD.探索一個發(fā)現(xiàn)的含義

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是總分結(jié)構(gòu)；文章第一句是“近年來，美國的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)既面臨前所未有的機(jī)遇，也面臨新的重大風(fēng)險”，可知文章討論的主題是美國少數(shù)民族企業(yè)所面臨的機(jī)遇和風(fēng)險；文章第一段和第二段前半部分討論的是機(jī)遇的一面，后面部分討論的是少數(shù)民族企業(yè)面臨的三個潛在風(fēng)險；所以推斷，文章的目的是為了描述少數(shù)民族企業(yè)所面臨的機(jī)遇以及潛在的一些風(fēng)險和缺陷，所以B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的inaccuracies并不符合原文中的risk，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)在原文并沒有討論所面臨的風(fēng)險的解決辦法；

D選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

32.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

32.Accordingtothepassage,civilrightsactivistsmaintainthatonedisadvantageunderwhichminority-ownedbusinesseshavetraditionallyhadtolaboristhattheyhave______.32.根據(jù)文章，民權(quán)運(yùn)動人士認(rèn)為，少數(shù)民族企業(yè)傳統(tǒng)上不得不面對的一個不利條件是，他們______。

A.beenespeciallyvulnerabletogovernmentalmismanagementoftheeconomyA.在政府對經(jīng)濟(jì)管理不善的情況下尤其脆弱

B.beendeniedbankloansatratescomparabletothoseaffordedlargercompetitorsB.無法獲得與大型競爭對手相當(dāng)?shù)你y行貸款利率

C.nothadsufficientopportunitytosecurebusinesscreatedbylargecorporationsC.沒有充分的機(jī)會來確保大企業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù)

D.nothadadequaterepresentationinthecentersofgovernmentpowerD.在政府權(quán)力中心沒有足夠的代表權(quán)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵信息civilrightsactivists可以定位到文章第一段第二句“民權(quán)活動人士長期以來一直認(rèn)為（havelongargued），黑人、拉美裔和其他少數(shù)民族難以在商界立足的主要原因之一是他們無法獲得（lackaccessto）大公司的大宗訂單和分包合同”，從中我們可知，民權(quán)運(yùn)動人士認(rèn)為少數(shù)民族企業(yè)傳統(tǒng)上必須面對的劣勢就是無法獲得大公司的訂單和分包合同，句子中的lackaccess相當(dāng)于lackopportunity，所以推斷C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、D選項(xiàng)在文中并未提到，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)中的bankloans沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

33.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

33.Thepassagesuggeststhatthefailureofalargebusinesstohaveitsbidsforsubcontractsresultquicklyinordersmightcauseitto______.33.這篇文章暗示，大型企業(yè)投標(biāo)分包合同的失敗可能會迅速導(dǎo)致______。

A.experiencefrustrationbutnotseriousfinancialharmA.經(jīng)歷一些挫折，但不會造成嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失

B.facepotentiallycripplingfixedexpensesB.面對潛在的嚴(yán)重的固定費(fèi)用

C.havetorecorditseffortsonformsfiledwiththegovernmentC.必須將其努力記錄在政府存檔的表格上

D.increaseitsspendingwithminoritysubcontractorsD.增加對少數(shù)分包商的支出

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】原文并沒有提到大企業(yè)投標(biāo)失敗會怎樣，但是文中提到了小企業(yè)的情況，定位第二段第五句“因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)公司都是小公司，而且與大公司不同（unlikelargebusinesses），它們經(jīng)常需要在新工廠、員工、設(shè)備等方面進(jìn)行大量投資，以便完成分包給它們的工作”，從unlikelargebusinesses可以看出，這里對大企業(yè)和小企業(yè)進(jìn)行了對比；結(jié)合該段最后一句“小公司的努力必須很快帶來訂單，否則公司的士氣和財(cái)務(wù)都會受到影響”我們可以得出，大企業(yè)的情況與小企業(yè)的相反，即大企業(yè)的士氣和財(cái)物不會受到影響，所以A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)是小型企業(yè)面臨的風(fēng)險，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)是國會要求的內(nèi)容，與題干無關(guān)，屬于出處錯位；

D選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

34.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,comparedwiththerequirementsoflaw,thepercentagegoalssetby“somefederalandlocalagencies”(inParagraph1)are______.34.從文章中可以推斷，與法律的要求相比，第一段中的“一些聯(lián)邦和地方機(jī)構(gòu)”設(shè)定的百分比目標(biāo)是______。

A.morepopularwithlargecorporationsA.更受大公司歡迎

B.morespecificB.更具體

C.lesscontroversialC.更少爭議

D.easiertocomplywithD.易于遵守

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息定位至第一段，倒數(shù)第二句提到“現(xiàn)在，國會顯然同意，通過法律規(guī)定獲得超過50萬美元聯(lián)邦合同的企業(yè)必須盡力尋找少數(shù)民族分包商并在政府存檔的表格上記錄他們所做的努力”，可知法律要求的只是超過50萬美金聯(lián)邦合同的企業(yè)要將少數(shù)民族企業(yè)的努力記錄在檔，而從最后一句“事實(shí)上，一些聯(lián)邦和地方機(jī)構(gòu)甚至為將部分公共工程合同分配給少數(shù)民族企業(yè)制定了具體的（specific）百分比目標(biāo)”可知，一些聯(lián)邦政府和地方機(jī)構(gòu)為少數(shù)民族企業(yè)要求的是具體的百分比目標(biāo)，所以我們可以推斷，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)都沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

35.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

35.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakentheauthor’sassertionthat,inthe1970’s,corporateresponsetofederalrequirements(inParagraph2)wassubstantial?35.如果下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的，將最削弱作者的斷言，即第二段中，在20世紀(jì)70年代，企業(yè)對聯(lián)邦要求的響應(yīng)是積極的？

A.Between1970and1972,corporatecontractswithminority-ownedbusinessesdeclinedby25percent.A.1970年至1972年間，與少數(shù)民族企業(yè)簽訂的公司合同下降了25%。

B.Thefigurescollectedin1977underrepresentedtheextentofcorporatecontractswithminority-ownedbusinesses.B.1977年收集的數(shù)據(jù)不足以代表與少數(shù)民族企業(yè)簽訂的公司合同的范圍。

C.Theestimateofcorporatespendingwithminority-ownedbusinessesin1980isapproximately$10milliontoohigh.C.據(jù)估計(jì)，1980年在少數(shù)民族企業(yè)上的支出大約有1000萬美元，實(shí)在是太高了。

D.The$1.1billionrepresentedthesamepercentageoftotalcorporatespendingin1977asdid$77millionin1972.D.這11億美元在1977年的企業(yè)支出總額中所占比例與1972年的7700萬美元相同。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位到第二段前兩句“企業(yè)的反應(yīng)似乎相當(dāng)積極。根據(jù)1977年收集的數(shù)據(jù)，與少數(shù)民族企業(yè)簽訂的公司合同總額從1972年的7700萬美元上升到1977年的11億美元?！?，這是題干的信息所在之處，從上一段最后一句“事實(shí)上，一些聯(lián)邦和地方機(jī)構(gòu)甚至為將部分公共工程合同分配給少數(shù)民族企業(yè)制定了具體的百分比目標(biāo)”可知，聯(lián)邦的做法是“為給少數(shù)民族企業(yè)分配合同制定了具體的百分比目標(biāo)”，所以作者的斷言是，企業(yè)對聯(lián)邦要求的積極響應(yīng)使得這些少數(shù)民族企業(yè)從1972年到1977年，合同總額大大增加；那么反推，如果1977年的合同額和1972年的合同額在當(dāng)年的占比是一樣的，那么corporateresponsetofederalrequirementswassubstantial就沒有足夠的理由成立，因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的合同下降不代表合同總額下降，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)中的extent和聯(lián)邦的要求無關(guān)，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)不是weaken而是strength了作者在第二段的主張，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

5.翻譯題

Whydidhumansevolvetowalkupright?Perhapsbecauseit’sjustplaineasier.Makethat’’energeticallylesscostly,"inscience-speakBipedalism-walkingontwofeet-isoneofthedefiningcharacteristicsofbeinghuman,andscientistshavedebatedforyearshowitcameabout.Inthelatestattempttofindanexplanation,researcherstrainedfivechimpanzeestowalkonatreadmillwhilewearingmasksthatallowedmeasurementoftheiroxygenconsumption.

Thechimpsweremeasuredbothwhilewalkinguprightandwhilemovingontheirlegsandknuckles.Thatmeasurementoftheenergyneededtomovearoundwascomparedwithsimilartestsonhumansandtheresultsarepublishedinthisweek’sonlineeditionofProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.

Itturnsoutthathumanswalkingontwolegsusesonlyone-quarteroftheenergythatchimpanzeesusewhileknuckle-walkingonfourlimbs.Andthechimps,onaverage,useasmuchenergyusingtwolegsastheydidwhentheyusedallfourlimbs.

However,therewasvariabilityamongchimpanzeesinhowmuchenergytheyused,andthisdifferencecorrespondedtotheirdifferencegaitsandanatomy.Wethinkabouttheevolutionofbipedalismasoneoffirsteventsthatledhominids（原始人）downthepathtobeinghuman.

【答案】人類為何進(jìn)化到了直立行走的姿態(tài)？可能這是因?yàn)橹绷⑿凶咭菀椎枚?。用科學(xué)術(shù)語來說，直立行走能“節(jié)省能量”。用兩條腿走路是人類的基本特征之一，多年來，科學(xué)家們在這一特征的形成問題上一直爭論不休。在這項(xiàng)最新研究中，研究人員讓五只大猩猩戴著可測算氧氣消耗量的面罩在跑步機(jī)上行走。

研究人員對大猩猩在直立行走和四肢著地行走時消耗的氧氣量分別進(jìn)行了測量，并將結(jié)果與人類的進(jìn)行了對比。這些結(jié)果在本周《國家科學(xué)院院刊》的網(wǎng)絡(luò)版上公布。

測算結(jié)果表明，人類用兩條腿行走時消耗的能量僅為大猩猩四肢著地行走時所消耗能量的四分之一。平均來看，大猩猩兩條腿行走時消耗的能量與四肢著地行走時的差不多。但行走時消耗能量的多寡在這些大猩猩中也存在差異。這與它們不同的步法和解剖學(xué)特征有關(guān)。我們認(rèn)為雙腿直立行走的進(jìn)化是原始人向人類進(jìn)化的最初階段中的一步。

6.單選題

Cancerhasalwaysbeenwithus,butnotalwaysinthesameway.Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime,ofcourse,butso,too,haveitsidentity,visibility,andmeanings.Pickupthethreadofhistoryatitsmostdistantendandyouhavecancerthecrab—sonamedeitherbecauseoftheramifyingvenousprocessesspreadingoutfromatumororbecauseitspainislikethepinchofacrab’sclaw.Premodemcancerisalump,aswellingthatsometimesbreaksthroughtheskininulcerationsproducingfoul-smellingdischarges.TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome,andtheGreeksmadeadistinctionbetweenbenigntumors(oncos)andmalignantones(carcinos).InthesecondcenturyA.D.,Galenreckonedthatthecausewassystemic,anexcessofmelancholyorblackbile,oneofthebody’sfour“humors”broughtonbybaddietandenvironmentalcircumstances.Ancientmedicalpractitionerssometimescuttumorsout,buttheprognosiswasknowntobegrim.Describingtumorsofthebreast,anEgyptianpapyrusfromabout1600B.C.concluded:“Thereisnotreatment.’’

Theexperienceofcancerhasalwaysbeenterrible，but，untilmodemtimes,itsmarkontheculturehasbeenlight.Inthepast,fearcoagulatedaroundotherwaysofdying:infectiousandepidemicdiseases(plague,smallpox,cholera,typhus,typhoidfever)；“apoplexies”(whatwenowcallstrokesandheartattacks)；and,mostnotablyinthenineteenthcentury,“consumption”(tuberculosis).Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind—asitnowis.ThisisonereasonthatthemedicalhistorianRoyPorterwrotethatcanceris“themodemdiseaseparexcellence,”andthatMukherjeecallsit“thequintessentialproductofmodernity.”

Atonetime,itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodemlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,somephysiciansattributedcancer—notablyofthebreastandtheovaries—topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses.WilliamBuchan’swildlypopulareighteenth-centurytext“DomesticMedicine”judgedthatcancersmightbecausedby“excessivefear,grief,religiousmelancholy”.Inthenineteenthcentury,referencewasrepeatedlymadetoa“cancerpersonality”,andinsomeversions,specificallytosexualrepression.AsSusanSontagobserved,cancerwasconsideredshameful,nottobementioned,evenobscene.AmongtheRomanticsandtheVictorians,sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement;cancerdeathwasnothingofthesort.“Itseemsunimaginable,”Sontagwrote,“toaestheticize”cancer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theancientEgyptians（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecancersofthepastisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonforcancertobecalled“themoderndisease”？

4.“Neurasthenia”anddiabetesarementionedbecause（）

5.Assuggestedbythepassage,withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.calledcancerthecrab

B.wereabletodistinguishbenigntumorsandmalignantones

C.foundoutthecauseofcancer

D.knewaboutalotofmalignanttumors

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ancientpeopledidnotlivelongenoughtobecomepronetocancer.

B.Inthepast,peopledidnotfearcancer.

C.Cancerdeathmightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement.

D.Somephysiciansbelievedthatone’sownbehavioralmodecouldleadtocancer.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Modemcancercareisveryeffective.

B.Thereisalotmorecancernow.

C.Peopleunderstandcancerinradicallynewwaysnow.

D.Thereisasharpincreaseinmortalityinmodemcancerworld.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyareasfatalascancer

B.theywereconsideredtobe“diseaseofcivilization”

C.peopledreadthemverymuch

D.theyarebroughtbythehighpressureofmodernlife

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thecareandmanagementofcancerhavedevelopedovertime.

B.Theculturalsignificanceofcancershiftsindifferenttimes.

C.Cancer’sidentityhasneverchanged.

D.Canceristhepricepaidformodemlife.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，古埃及人_______。由關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段第五句“TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome”，可知古埃及人已經(jīng)知道很多有不好的結(jié)果的腫瘤，對應(yīng)第四個選項(xiàng)，malignanttumors是指惡性腫瘤。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：關(guān)于過去的癌癥，下列哪一項(xiàng)陳述最能得到文章的支持？文章并沒提到古人是否活到容易患癌癥的年齡，排除A選項(xiàng)；第二段中提到“Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind”，說明過去人們不是不恐懼癌癥，而是這種恐懼并沒稱為焦點(diǎn)，排除B選項(xiàng)；最后一段中提到“…sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement”被認(rèn)為優(yōu)雅的是死于肺結(jié)核，排除C選項(xiàng)；最后一段中“somephysiciansattributedcancer…topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses”說明他們將癌癥歸因于心理和行為原因，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：下面哪個選項(xiàng)是被稱為“現(xiàn)代病”的癌癥的原因？根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“themoderndisease”定位到第二段最后一句，上一句提到癌癥死亡令人恐懼，下一句就說RoyPorter將其說成是“最卓越的現(xiàn)代病，Mukherjee稱之為“現(xiàn)代最典型的產(chǎn)物”，說明人們對癌癥的理解改變了。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：提到“神經(jīng)衰弱”和糖尿病是因?yàn)開____。文中最后一句提到了關(guān)鍵詞“Neurasthenia”和“diabetes”，文中提到“itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodemlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence”，在此提到癌癥和神經(jīng)衰弱以及糖尿病的病因相似，因此也就是在說神經(jīng)衰弱和糖尿病都與心理壓力有關(guān)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。題干：如文章所述，作者最可能同意下列哪一種說法？由第一段第二句中“Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime”與全文，可知對于癌癥的護(hù)理管理是一直發(fā)展的，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。B和D選項(xiàng)是作者飲用的他人觀點(diǎn)，不不能代表作者自身。癌癥由之前的不是焦點(diǎn)到現(xiàn)在人人恐懼，身份自然有改變，C選項(xiàng)由此可排除。

7.單選題

A（）statementwillverylikelybeonethatappearstobeconvincingonthesurface,butwhich,uponcloserexamination,isnotso.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plausible

B.reasonable

C.credible

D.laudable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plausible“看似可信的，花言巧語的”；B選項(xiàng)reasonable“合理的，公道的”；C選項(xiàng)credible“可靠的，可信的”；D選項(xiàng)laudable“可贊譽(yù)的，值得稱贊的”。句意：一個看似可信的陳述很可能是表面上看起來令人信服的，但在仔細(xì)檢查后，卻并非如此。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Gotmilk?Beveryafraid.Or,preferably,abitskeptical.Somefolksareabouttotrytoconvinceyouthatmilkistoxic.Buttherealquestionis,what’smoredangeroustoyourhealth:milk,orcelebritiesandactivistsembarkedonthelatesttrendycrusade（改革）？Thismonthmarksthepublicity-pumpeddebutoftheAntiDairyCoalition,abandofphysicians,self-described“Holly-woodpersonalities”andotherswhodecrywhattheycall“thehealthandnutritionalrisksofconsumingdairyproducts”.

Thecoalition,includingitsspokes-Jeremiah,writerGeorgePlimpton,wouldhaveyoubelievethatmilkcausesheartdisease,cancerinfections,asthma,allergiesandtuberculosis.RobertCohen,founderoftheADC（andauthorofMilk:TheDeadlyPoison,writes:“TheFountainofYouthandcuretoillnesscanbeobtainedbygivingupmilk.”）

Hyperboleaside,theADCisspotlightingaquestionhotlydebatedbyeveryonefromnutritioniststoparents.Manypatientsaskdoctorswhethertheyshouldgiveupmilk,likethatsupermodeltheysawinterviewedonTV.Andtobesure,theADC’soverwroughtclaimsdohavesomescientificbasis.

Takeheartdisease.Foodslikebutter,cheese,icecreamandwholemilkarepackedwithsaturatedfat（飽和脂肪）,whichblocksarteries（動脈）andcanleadtoheartattacks.That’swhymostnutritionistsadviseswitchingtolow-fatorskimmilkandeatingmoreyogurtandcottagecheesethanHaagen-DazsandBrie.Evenskimmilk,though,cantriggerallergiesinsomepeople,includinginfants,whoinanycasewillgetmoreironandotherkeynutrientsfrombreastmilkorformula.

Somustyoufleefrommilkentirely?Yes,saysCohen,whoholdsthatskimmilkisthedevil’sbrew.It’sfullof—areyousittingdown?—Protein.Andhere’swheretheADCstartstwistingthefactstoreachwildconclusions.Allergiesarefrequentlytriggeredbyproteins（true;asthmaisanallergiccondition（true;it’sbeenincreasingdramatically（true;doctorsdon’tknowthecause（true;therefore,theproteininmilkmustbetheculprit（罪魁禍?zhǔn)祝?/p>

AsimilarleapofillogicassumesthatbecausewomenintheNetherlands.Denmark,NorwayandSwedenconsumelotsofmilkandalsosufferhighratesofbreastcancer;theformermustcausethelatter.AnotherclunkerisCohen’sclaimthatwidespreadlactoseintolerance（乳糖不耐受）—theinabilitytodigestdairyproducts—meansmilkisoflittleuseasasourceofcalcium.Infact,manycasesoflactoseintolerancearemildandinterfereonlyslightlywithcalciumuptake.Manypeopleintolerantofmilkcaneasilydigestyogurt.Andlactasetablets（乳糖分解酵素片）canmakedairyproductsdigestibleeveninseverecases.

Ifmilkisn’ttheperfectfood,it’sstillgotsomebigthingsgoingforit.It’saninexpensivesourceofcalcium,protein,potassiumandothervitaminsandminerals.Andunlikeothersourcesofcalcium,suchas,say,steamedkale,milkisafoodkidswilleat.TheADCfeelsthatmilkistherootofmosthumanmaladies（疾?。?butIcanpointtoothersingle-issueobsessivewhoinsistthevillainismeatorwheatorsugarorsomeothersubstancethatourspecieshaslongandhappilyconsumed.Ioftenlearnsomethingbyexaminingtheirclaims.ButIkeepcoiningbacktothemainstreamnutritionists,whoemphasizeabalanceddietandadvisemoderationinallthings.

1.TheADCholdsthatgivingupmilkwillcausethefollowingdiseasesEXCEPT（）

2.Thewriterthinksthatmilk（）.

3.Itisclearfromthepassagethat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,ifyousufferfromlactoseintolerance（）.

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethatthewriteris（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breastcancer

B.diabetes

C.heartdisease

D.lungdisease

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.istoxicandweshouldgiveitup

B.isverynutritiousandweshouldconsumeitasmuchaspossible

C.isthemostidealfood

D.hasitsplusesandminusesandweshouldconsumeitsensibly

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thewriterisofthesameopinionaboutmilkwiththeADC

B.thewriterregardsmilkastherootofmosthumandiseases

C.thewriteradvisespeopletostayoutoftroublewithmilk

D.thewriter’sopinionaboutmilkdiffersgreatlyfromtheADC’s

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.youhadbettergiveupmilkentirely

B.youshouldhavelessmilkeveryday

C.youcantakelactasewhichcatalyzes（催化）lactoseintoglucose（葡萄糖）andgalactose（半乳糖）

D.youmustseeadoctoratonce

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.anunprejudicedperson

B.anopinionatedperson

C.aworldlyperson

D.awisebutpeculiarperson

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題第二段的第一句“milkcausesheartdisease,cancerinfections,asthma,allergiesandtuberculosis.”cancerinfections和選項(xiàng)A對應(yīng)；heartdisease和選項(xiàng)C對應(yīng)；tuberculosis（肺結(jié)核）和選項(xiàng)D對應(yīng)。只有選項(xiàng)B（糖尿?。]有提及。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的前三句可知，作者認(rèn)為牛奶有好處也有壞處，所以要適量攝取。選項(xiàng)A，B，C表述都太絕對，所以不正確；選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的第四句“TheADCfeelsthatmilkistherootofmosthumanmaladies...”以及第二段的最后一句“TheFountainofYouthandcuretoillnesscanbeobtainedbygivingupmilk.”可知選項(xiàng)B和C都是ADC的觀點(diǎn)；根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，作者和ADC的觀點(diǎn)是完全不同的，所以本題選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)actoseintolerance”定位到第六段第三句“widespreadlactoseintolerance—theinabilitytodigestdairyproducts—meansmilkisoflittleuseasasourceofcalcium.”選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“Andtobesure,theADC’soverwroughtclaimsdohavesomescientificbasis.”以及最后一段的內(nèi)容可知作者是一個公平公正的人，因?yàn)樗m然不贊同ADC的觀點(diǎn)，但也沒有完全否定。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

9.單選題

TheAmericandreamismost（）duringtheperiodsofproductivityandwealthgeneratedbyAmericancapitalism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plausible

B.patriotic

C.primitive

D.partial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plausible“看似可信的，花言巧語的”；B選項(xiàng)patriotic“愛國的”；C選項(xiàng)primitive“原始的，粗糙的”；D選項(xiàng)partial“偏愛的，不公平的”，這里要考慮句子前后的邏輯關(guān)系，美國資本主義帶來發(fā)達(dá)的生產(chǎn)力，創(chuàng)造了巨大的財(cái)富，因此一時之間美國夢看起來似乎是能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，其它三項(xiàng)均不能使句子句意通順。句意：在美國資本主義帶來高度的生產(chǎn)力和巨大的財(cái)富期間，美國夢似乎是最能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything_____goingonintheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itis

B.thereis

C.asis

D.whatis

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知everything為定語從句的先行詞，everything后面所接部分是修飾everything的定語從句；thereis結(jié)構(gòu)作“目前有的”解時，可引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，置于被修飾的名詞后面，作該從句主語的關(guān)系代詞that常常省略。

11.單選題

Therearemanywaysofdefiningsuccess.Itisaccuratetosaythateachofushasourownconceptofsuccesstotheextentthateachofusisresponsibleforsettingourowngoalsanddeterminingwhetherwehavemetthesegoalssatisfactorily.Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilities,itisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.

Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess,Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature,andwhoisrespectedbecausehedoesagoodjobofachievingthegoalsexpectedofandacceptedbyhimandhissociety.Ontheotherhand,itseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess.Becausenotallventurescanbesuccessful,oneshouldnotsetunrealisticgoalsforachievingsuccess,butifonehasself-confidenceitwouldbeunfortunatetosetone’sgoalsattoolowalevelofachievement.

Awisecounseloroncesaidtoayoungmanwhowasexperiencingfrustrationwithhisownprofessionalsuccess:“Youdonothavetosetyourgoaltoreachthemooninordertohavesuccessintraveling.Sometimesonecanbeverysuccessfulmerelybytakingawalkinthepark,orridingthesubwaydowntown,”Thecounseloradded,“Youhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylike,andtowhichyouhavegivenyourbesteffort.’’

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（）areessentialinachievingsuccess.

2.Theword“frugal’’（Line2,Para.2）means（）.

3.Somerichpeopleconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulbecause（）.

4.Thelastparagraphimpliesthat（）.

5.Thispassagemainlytalksabout（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abilityandgoals

B.goalsanddetermination

C.abilityandenvironment

D.goalsandenvironment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wealthy

B.wasteful

C.thrifty

D.miserable

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theirlifeismiserable

B.theydonotliveinpeace

C.theirgoalsaretoolow

D.theyarenotrichenoughbytheirownstandards

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.weshouldhavehighgoals

B.successmeansachievinggreatgoals

C.successmeanstakingawalkinthepark

D.successmeanstryingone’sbestatwhatonereallylikes

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thedefinitionofsuccess

B.howtoachievesuccess

C.howtosetgoals

D.the