考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

Light,durable(經(jīng)久耐用),simpleandinexpensive,suchdevicesarewarmlyreceivedbyusers.

【答案】這種裝置（重量輕、耐用、簡(jiǎn)單、價(jià)廉）受到用戶的熱烈歡迎。

2.單選題

Twothirdsofthebooks______soldoutbutonly10percentoftheincome______tome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.was;were

B.was;was

C.were;was

D.were;were

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.was;were是（單數(shù)）；是（復(fù)數(shù)）B.was;was是（單數(shù)）；是（單數(shù)）

C.were;was是（復(fù)數(shù)）；是（單數(shù)）D.were;were是（復(fù)數(shù)）；是（復(fù)數(shù)）

【考查點(diǎn)】主謂一致。

【解題思路】第一個(gè)空格的主語(yǔ)是Twothirdsofthebooks（三分之二的書(shū)籍），book是可數(shù)名詞且用的是復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以第一個(gè)空格要填入were；第二個(gè)空格的主語(yǔ)是10percentoftheincome（百分之十的收入），income是不可數(shù)名詞，所以第二個(gè)空格填入was，該題選擇C項(xiàng)恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合主謂一致原則。

【句意】三分之二的書(shū)賣完了，但只有10%的收入歸我所有。

3.單選題

Thecrowd（）intothehallandsomehadtostandoutside.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.outgrew

B.overthrew

C.overpassed

D.overflew

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)outgrew“過(guò)大而不適于，出生，長(zhǎng)大成熟而不再”；B選項(xiàng)overthrew“扔出，拋出”；C選項(xiàng)overpassed“通過(guò)，度過(guò)”；D選項(xiàng)overflew“（尤指液體）溢出，（容器）滿得溢出，擠滿人了，淹沒(méi)”。句意：人群（）了大廳，有些人不得不站在外面。本句表示的是“人群涌入了大廳”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.翻譯題

Untilsuchtimeasmankindhasthesensetoloweritspopulationtothepointswheretheplanetcanprovideacomfortablesupportforall,peoplewillhavetoacceptmore“unnaturalfood”.

【答案】直到人類意識(shí)到把人口減到一半，直到能使地球能為所有人提供足夠的食物，否則人們將必須接受更多的“人造食品”。

5.單選題

Thesuccessfulcooperationbetweenthetwocountriesshouldbebasedon（

）respectandhelp.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.respective

B.mutual

C.simultaneous

D.separate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。respective意為“各自的，分別的”；mutual意為“相互的，彼此的，共有的”；simultaneous意為“同時(shí)發(fā)生（或進(jìn)行）的，同步的”；separate意為“獨(dú)立的，分開(kāi)的”。

句意：兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間的成功合作應(yīng)建立在相互尊重和幫助的基礎(chǔ)上。

6.單選題

Airbnbannouncedthatit’sgoingafterthemajorhotelchains—whichatfirstsoundedkindofcute,likeaprecociousLittleLeaguepitchersayinghe’sgoingtostrikeoutMiguelCabrera.

ButwhenCEOBrianCheskylaidouthisthinkingformewhilesittingonabarrelinAirbnb’snew,funkyheadquartersinSanFrancisco,Ithoughttheinvestorswhohavepumped$326millionintothecompanymightnotbetoodim.Airbnbisbecomingmuchmorethanawaytospend$26anighttosleepinLondonwithfiveotherpeopleatTheImperialFleapit.

Infact,Airbnbislookinglikeaproofpointofatrendthathasbeengettingalotofattentionlately.ComerefertoitastheDIYfordoityourself-movement.VenturecapitalistHemantTaneja,lookingatitformadifferentangle,callsit“unsealing.”Cheskyusestheterm“decentralizedproduction.”MarcAndreessenhitontheconceptinamanifestoentitled“WhySoftwareIsEatingtheWorld.”

Itallpointstothesameidea:Informationtechnologyiserodingthepoweroflarge-scalemassproduction.We’reinsteadmovingtowardaworldofmassivenumbersofsmall-producersofferinguniquestuff—andofconsumerswhorejectmass-producedstuff.TheInternet,software,3Dprinting,socialnetworks,cloudcomputingandothertechnologiesaremakingthiseconomicallyfeasible—infactdesirable.

ThehotelindustryandthewayAirbnbthinksaboutit—isanexampleofhowthatisplayingout.ThereisafundamentaltruthaboutbighotelchainsthatisonlynowbeingexposedintheInternetage:Hotelchainsgrewoutofalackofinformation.

Inthemiddleoflastcenturycarsandhighwaysmadetheworldfarmoremobile.Manymorepeopletraveledtotownstheydidn’tknowandtheyneededplacestosleep.Theyhadnowaytoknowwhichhotelorboardinghousemightbeniceorofferamenitiestheywanted.Travelguides,likeMobil’spoppedupinthe1950s,butforthemostpartinformationremainedscarce.

Still,theunderlyingstoryofAirbnb,informationandthemajorhotelswillgetreplayedinlotsofindustriesinthenextfewyears:Massproductionandsamenessmeansafetywheninformation,intimacyandtrustdon’texist.AsinformationdeliveredgloballyandcheaplyovertheInternet,bringsbackintimacyandtrust,theadvantageofuniformityatscaleslipsaway.

41.Accordingtothepassage,Airbnbisahotelthatmightbe______.

42.Accordingtothepassage,thefutureofmassproductionwillbe______.

43.Accordingtothepassage,hotelchainswere______.

44.Accordingtothepassage,theadvantageofuniformityatscale______.

45.Whichofthefollowingmightbethetitleofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.famous

B.unique

C.funky

D.luxurious

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.feasible

B.desirable

C.economic

D.dim

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theresultofscarceinformation

B.theresultofinternetage

C.exposedtotheconsumers

D.theexampleofAirbnb

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.willcreatealotofindustries

B.willdecreasecostandemploymore

C.willbestrengthenedbyintimacy

D.willbeweakenedbyinformation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheStylesofHotels.

B.TheChoiceofConsumers.

C.TheEndofMassProduction.

D.TheImportanceofinformation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】41.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干的意思是“Airbnb是一個(gè)什么樣的酒店？”。Famous“著名的”，unique“獨(dú)特的”，funky“時(shí)髦的”，luxurious“奢侈的”；文章講的是Airbnb宣布要趕超主流的連鎖酒店，通篇并沒(méi)有提及到它很著名或者獨(dú)特的地方，所以A、B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；第二段第二句話提到Airbnbisbecomingmuchmorethanawaytospend$26anighttosleepinLondon…（Airbnb酒店正變得不僅僅是一種在倫敦每晚花26美元與其他幾個(gè)人一起過(guò)夜的方式），由此可以看出Airbnb并非奢侈，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；而第二段第一句話提到ButwhenCEOBrianCheskylaidouthisthinkingformewhilesittingonabarrelinAirbnb’snew,funkyheadquartersinSanFrancisco（但當(dāng)首席執(zhí)行官BrianChesky坐在位于舊金山的新和時(shí)髦的Airbnb總部的木桶上向我闡述他的想法時(shí)），由此可知Airbnb總部是newandfunky，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

42.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干的意思是“未來(lái)大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)將會(huì)……？”。Feasible“可行的”，desirable“令人滿意的”，economic“經(jīng)濟(jì)的”，dim“暗淡的”；第四段提到Itallpointstothesameidea:Informationtechnologyiserodingthepoweroflarge-scalemassproduction…（所有這些都指向同一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：信息技術(shù)正在侵蝕大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的力量。相反，我們正在走向一個(gè)由大量提供獨(dú)特產(chǎn)品的小生產(chǎn)商和拒絕大量生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)者組成的世界。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、軟件、3D打印、社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)、云計(jì)算和其他技術(shù)正在使其在經(jīng)濟(jì)上可行——實(shí)際上是可取的），由此可以推斷出，批量生產(chǎn)的未來(lái)是暗淡的，信息技術(shù)會(huì)逐漸侵蝕大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)，因此該題選D正確。

43.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干的意思是“連鎖酒店是……？”。由第五段第二句ThereisafundamentaltruthaboutbighotelchainsthatisonlynowbeingexposedintheInternetage:Hotelchainsgrewoutofalackofinformation.（關(guān)于大型連鎖酒店，有一個(gè)基本事實(shí)，而這個(gè)事實(shí)只有在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代才得以暴露，那就是：連鎖酒店產(chǎn)生于信息匱乏），可知連鎖酒店是信息缺乏的結(jié)果，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

44.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干的意思是“規(guī)模一致性的優(yōu)勢(shì)會(huì)……？”。末段最后一句AsinformationdeliveredgloballyandcheaplyovertheInternet,bringsbackintimacyandtrust,theadvantageofuniformityatscaleslipsaway.（隨著信息通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在全球范圍內(nèi)以低廉的價(jià)格傳遞，人們會(huì)重新獲得隱私感和信任，規(guī)模一致的優(yōu)勢(shì)就會(huì)消失），由此可知規(guī)模一致的優(yōu)勢(shì)將會(huì)被信息削弱，所以D選項(xiàng)“被信息削弱”符合。A選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造許多工廠”、B選項(xiàng)“減少成本雇傭更多的員工”、C選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)隱私獲得加強(qiáng)”都不是規(guī)模一致性優(yōu)勢(shì)的結(jié)果。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

45.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干的意思是“下面選項(xiàng)中最適合的標(biāo)題是什么？”。通篇文章是通過(guò)談?wù)摼W(wǎng)絡(luò)信息時(shí)代和連鎖酒店的發(fā)展，論述了批量生產(chǎn)的未來(lái)的暗淡。A選項(xiàng)“酒店風(fēng)格”，全文并沒(méi)有就酒店的風(fēng)格進(jìn)行討論；B選項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者的選擇”，文中只是提及了我們會(huì)走向這樣一個(gè)世界，消費(fèi)者會(huì)拒絕批量大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的商品，全篇沒(méi)有就這事論述；D選項(xiàng)“信息的重要性”，文章圍繞信息和連鎖酒店來(lái)對(duì)比，體現(xiàn)了在未來(lái)人們會(huì)更加依賴于網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息，但是文章主旨還是闡述未來(lái)大批量生產(chǎn)行業(yè)的暗淡，所以C選項(xiàng)最符合。

7.單選題

Modern-daybusinessreallydoestranscendnationalbarriers.ThankstosophisticatedITandcommunicationssystems,businessescannowmarkettheirproductsonatrulyglobalscale.Theworldisindisputablybecomingasmallerplace,asserviceandmanufacturingcompaniessearchtheinternationalmarketplacefornewsuppliersandclients.Businessesmust,however,beawarethatoncetheyexpandtheareainwhichtheyoperate,theyfaceincreasedcompetition.Thestandardandqualityoftheirgoodsbecomeincreasinglyimportantinkeepingupwithcompetitors.Butmostofall,itistheserviceelementaccompanyingthegoodswhichiscrucialtoacompany’ssuccessinaparticularmarket.Thisnewphilosophyhasledtomanycompanies,someofwhichhaveevenofferedproductsofalesserquality,gainingsuccessoverseas.

Althoughglobalizationmay,insomesense,havebroughtnationaleconomiesclosertogether,societiesaroundtheworldstillhaveradicallydifferentexpectations,processes,andstandards.Thesearenotafunctionofeconomicchanges,butaremoredeep-rootedanddifficulttoalter.Theycanbeamajorproblemforbusinessesexpandingabroad,withthegreatestobstacleofallbeingthelanguagebarrier.Ifyouhavetodealwithclients,suppliersanddistributorsinarangeofcountries,youwillnotonlyneedtheskillstocommunicatewiththem,youwillalsoneedtoreconcileanynationalbiasesyouhavewiththediversewaysofdoingbusinessthatexistaroundtheglobe.

Thevalueofeffectivecommunicationisnottobeunderestimated.Nevtechnologysuchasvideoconferencingandemailhasplayedapartinmakingthecommunicationprocesseasier,anditmayalsobepossiblethattheintroductionoflanguageinterpretationsoftwarewillhelpwithsomeglobalcommunicationsproblems.But,ofcourse,itisthehumanelementofthecommunicationprocessthatissovitalinbusiness,especiallyinnegotiations,presentationsandteam-building.Itisessentialformanagerstomeetregularlywithstaff,customersandpartners,sothatissuescanbediscussed,messagescommunicatedandfeedbackobtained.

Thevalueofwell-organizedlanguagetrainingisimmense,andcanbringbenefitstoalllevelsanddepartmentswithinamultinationalorganization.Unfortunately,however,manyorganizationshaveaverynarrowviewwhenitcomestotrainingofanykind.Often,anurgentrequirementhastobeidentifiedbeforetrainingisauthorized.Then,atrainingcompanyisemployedoraprogramisdevelopedin-house,theteamistrained,andthatisseenastheendofthematter.However,thefactremainsthattrainingprogrammesareeffectiveonlyiftheyarerelevanttoacompany’sbreeder,long-termneeds.Theyshouldberegardedasaninvestmentratherthanacost.

Changesinexpectationsandattitudesarecertain,tocontinueforcompaniesthattradeglobally.Althoughsuchcompaniesarenotyetfacedwiththeirinternationalpartnersandclientsdemandingthatbusinessbeconductedintheirmothertongue,theyrealizethatoverseascompetitionisincreasingfast,ifthesecompanieswanttocontinuetoachievesuccessontheinternationaltradingcircuit,theymustbepreparedtoadapttosituationsandspeakthelocallanguage.Ifnot,someoneelsewill.

11.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,improvedcommunicationshaveenabledcompaniesto（）.

12.Approachestodoingbusinessvarybetweencountriesbecauseof（）.

13.Thewriterthinksthattheuseofmoderntechnologywill（）.

14.Acommonweaknessoftrainingcoursesisthatthey（）.

15.Whyshouldcompaniesdobusinessinthelanguageofthecountriestheyareoperatingin?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.offerawidervarietyofproductsandservices

B.expandbeyondtheirdomesticmarkets

C.performbetterthantheirinternationalcompetitors

D.openoremanufacturingfacilitiesabroad

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.localeconomicconsiderations

B.strongwishestoremainindependent

C.theexistenceofculturaldifferences

D.regulationsaboutbusinesspractices

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.speeduptheprocessoflanguageinterpretation

B.notleadtogreatercommunicationbetweencompaniesandclients

C.helpsolvetheproblemsinvolvedinmaintainingstrongteams

D.neverreplacetheneedforface-to-faceinteraction

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.aredevelopedbythewrongteam

B.donotgivegoodvalueformoney

C.areprovidedonlyifthereisanimmediateneed

D.donotdealwithacompany’sspecificrequirements

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.topreventothercompaniestakingtheirbusiness

B.tohelpthemfindnewinternationalpartners

C.tomeetclients’currentexpectations

D.tobecomemoreawareoftheircompetitors’activities

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】11.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段第三句話ThankstosophisticatedITandcommunicationssystems,businessescannowmarkettheirproductsonatrulyglobalscale.（感謝精密的IT和溝通系統(tǒng)，企業(yè)現(xiàn)在可以在一個(gè)真正的全球規(guī)模上開(kāi)發(fā)它們的產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)。）這其中g(shù)lobal是個(gè)關(guān)鍵的暗示，可以聯(lián)想到海外市場(chǎng)，因此B選項(xiàng)“在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)以外的地方擴(kuò)張”正確。A選項(xiàng)“提供更多種類的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)”、C選項(xiàng)“比國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手表現(xiàn)更好”兩項(xiàng)在原文中并未提及；D選項(xiàng)“在國(guó)外開(kāi)設(shè)更多生產(chǎn)設(shè)施”，文中只說(shuō)了可以在海外擴(kuò)張，沒(méi)有提到開(kāi)設(shè)更多的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。

12.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段開(kāi)頭一段話Althoughglobalizationmay,insomesenses,havebroughtnationaleconomiesclosertogether,societiesaroundtheworldstillhaveradicallydifferentexpectations,processesandstandards.（雖然全球化可能在某種意義上使國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)更加密切，但世界各地仍有著極度不同的期望、過(guò)程和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）；后面又提到了一句youwillalsoneedtoreconcileanynationalbiasesyouhavewiththediversewaysofdoingbusinessthatexistaroundtheglobe.（你需要用不同的做生意的方式來(lái)與民族偏見(jiàn)和解）。這一段整體講的就是要克服溝通上的障礙，理解了內(nèi)容不難作答。因此C選項(xiàng)“原因是文化差異的存在”，與原文所表達(dá)的意思相符，正確。A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)因素”；B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)烈希望保持獨(dú)立”以及D選項(xiàng)“有關(guān)商業(yè)慣例的規(guī)例”都不是原文的觀點(diǎn)。

13.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段，前面介紹說(shuō)新技術(shù)，比如視頻會(huì)議和電子郵件，會(huì)使溝通過(guò)程更簡(jiǎn)單。并且語(yǔ)言翻譯軟件（languageinterpretationsoftware）會(huì)幫助解決一些國(guó)際溝通問(wèn)題。后面一個(gè)BUT，才真正揭示了答案，說(shuō)在溝通過(guò)程中人的作用是至關(guān)重要的。Itisessentialformanagerstomeetregularlywithstaff,customersandpartners.（經(jīng)理們定期會(huì)見(jiàn)員工、客戶和合作伙伴是很有必要的），從這一句可以看出作者的真正態(tài)度，是認(rèn)為當(dāng)面交流仍然很重要，因此D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代技術(shù)永遠(yuǎn)也無(wú)法替代面對(duì)面互動(dòng)的需要”正確。A選項(xiàng)“加快語(yǔ)言口譯的過(guò)程”，不是作者真正的觀點(diǎn)；B選項(xiàng)“不能促進(jìn)公司和客戶之間的交流”，不正確，作者還是認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代技術(shù)是有用的，只是不能夠完全取代當(dāng)面交流；C選項(xiàng)“幫助解決維護(hù)強(qiáng)大團(tuán)隊(duì)所涉及的問(wèn)題”，是無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng)。

14.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四段Often,anurgentrequirementhastobeidentifiedbeforetrainingisauthorized.（通常，在授權(quán)培訓(xùn)之前必須確定緊急需求），可知確認(rèn)有迫切的需要時(shí)培訓(xùn)才會(huì)被批準(zhǔn)。作者認(rèn)為很多公司的培訓(xùn)有些急功近利，trainingprogrammesareeffectiveonlyiftheyarerelevanttoacompany’sbroader,long-termneeds.Theyshouldberegardedasaninvestmentratherthanacost.（培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃只有在與公司更廣泛、更長(zhǎng)期的需要相關(guān)時(shí)才有效。它們應(yīng)該被視為一種投資，而不是一種成本）。因此C選項(xiàng)“培訓(xùn)的缺點(diǎn)是：只有迫切需要時(shí)才會(huì)被提供”正確，其中immediateneed與原文urgentrequirement相照應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)“是由錯(cuò)誤的團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)的”，過(guò)度推斷，原文并未給出相關(guān)表達(dá)；B選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有物有所值”，不正確；D選項(xiàng)“不處理公司的具體要求”，沒(méi)有提及。

15.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段demandingthatbusinessbeconductedintheirmothertongue,theyrealizethatoverseascompetitionisincreasingfast.（客戶要求他們使用母語(yǔ)，這些公司也意識(shí)到海外競(jìng)爭(zhēng)逐漸激烈。）還有最后一句Ifnot,someoneelsewill.（如果他們不說(shuō)當(dāng)?shù)氐恼Z(yǔ)言，其他人會(huì)說(shuō)的。）意思就是如果你不使用當(dāng)?shù)氐恼Z(yǔ)言做生意，其他人會(huì)取而代之的。因此A選項(xiàng)“防止其他公司占領(lǐng)了他們的業(yè)務(wù)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“幫助他們找到新的國(guó)際合作伙伴”，原文沒(méi)有提及；C選項(xiàng)“滿足客戶當(dāng)前的期望”，不是他們的目的；D選項(xiàng)“更多地了解競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的活動(dòng)”，也不是他們的根本目的。

8.單選題

Interestonshort-termgovernmentdebtsoaredtoanalmostunimaginable210%,which___atotalcollapseofinvestorconfidence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.amountsto

B.equalsto

C.isaddedupto

D.reachesto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)amountsto“相當(dāng)于，總計(jì)為”；B選項(xiàng)equalsto“等于；勝任”；C選項(xiàng)isaddedupto“加起來(lái)等于”；D選項(xiàng)reachesto“達(dá)到；及于”。句意：短期政府債券的利息飆升至幾乎難以想象的210%，這___投資者信心的徹底崩潰。本句表達(dá)“這件事達(dá)到了讓投資者信心的徹底崩潰的程度，或者說(shuō)這使得投資者信心的徹底崩潰”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Manypeoplethinkofdesertsas（）regions,butnumerousspeciesofplantsandanimalshaveadaptedtolifethere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.remote

B.virgin

C.alien

D.barren

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)remote“遙遠(yuǎn)的；偏僻的；疏遠(yuǎn)的”；B選項(xiàng)virgin“純潔的；未經(jīng)利用的，處于原始狀態(tài)的”；C選項(xiàng)alien“外國(guó)的；性質(zhì)不同的；不相容的”；D選項(xiàng)barren“貧瘠的；不生育的；無(wú)益的”。句意：盡管很多人認(rèn)為沙漠是不生育的地區(qū)，但是許多動(dòng)植物物種卻已適應(yīng)了那里的生活。由關(guān)鍵詞“deserts沙漠”的對(duì)應(yīng)知“不生育的”符合語(yǔ)境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thebravefiremanhadfoughtfordaysbeforetheymanagedto（）theforestfire.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.puton

B.putupwith

C.putoff

D.putout

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。puton穿上，上演；putupwith忍受，容忍；putoff推遲，扔掉，阻止；putout熄滅，伸出。句意：勇敢的消防隊(duì)員們奮戰(zhàn)了好幾天才把森林大火撲滅。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

11.單選題

JohnDeweybelievedthateducationshouldbeapreparationforlife,thatapersonlearnsbydoing,andthatteachingmust_______thecuriosityandcreativityofchildren.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.seek

B.stimulate

C.shape

D.secure

【答案】B

【解析】句意：約翰?杜威認(rèn)為教育應(yīng)該為生活做準(zhǔn)備,如果在實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí),教學(xué)必須激發(fā)孩子們的好奇心和創(chuàng)造力。

只有stimulate才能和curiosityandcreativity進(jìn)行搭配最為合適,所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.單選題

Veryyoungchildrenwithnoreadingexperiencemayastoundtheirparentswiththefirstwordstheyread,suchasadepartmentstoresignannouncingBigSale.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.amaze

B.please

C.convey

D.bother

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。astound表示“使驚駭，使震驚”；A項(xiàng)amaze“使吃驚”，B項(xiàng)please“使喜歡，使高興，使?jié)M意”，C項(xiàng)convey“傳達(dá)，運(yùn)輸，讓與”，D項(xiàng)bother“煩擾，打擾，使……不安”。句意：沒(méi)有閱讀經(jīng)驗(yàn)的幼兒第一次讀到的單詞可能會(huì)讓他們的父母感到震驚，比如百貨商店的招牌上寫著“大減價(jià)”。因此，根據(jù)句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

SectionA

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

SectionB

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

SectionC

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.

SectionD

Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.

Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.

Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountries,theyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.

SectionE

Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantitiesthanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccropyield.AstudybytheinternationalRiceResearchinstituteofpesticideusebyfarmersinSouthEastAsiafoundthat,withpest-resistantvarietiesofrice,evenmoderateapplicationsofpesticidefrequentlycostfarmersmorethantheysaved.Suchwasteputsfarmersonachemicaltreadmill:bugsandweedsbecomeresistanttopoisons,sonextyear’spoisonsmustbemorelethal.Onecostistohumanhealth.Everyyearsome10,000peoplediefrompesticidepoisoning,almostalloftheminthedevelopingcountries,andanother400,000becomeseriouslyill.Asforartificialfertilizers,theiruseworld-wideincreasedby40percentperunitoffarmedlandbetweenthemid1970sandlate1980s,mostlyinthedevelopingcountries.Overuseoffertilizersmaycausefarmerstostoprotatingcropsorleavingtheirlandfallow.That,inturn,maymakesoilerosionworse.

SectionF

AresultoftheUruguayRoundofworldtradenegotiationsislikelytobeareductionof36percentintheaveragelevelsoffarmsubsidiespaidbytherichcountriesin1986-1990.Someoftheworld’sfoodproductionwillmovefromWesternEuropetoregionswheresubsidiesarelowerofnon-existent,suchastheformercommunistcountriesandpartsofthedevelopingworld.Someenvironmentalistsworryaboutthisoutcome.Itwillundoubtedlymeanmorepressuretoconvertnaturalhabitatintofarmland.Butitwillalsohavemanydesirableenvironmenteffects.Theintensityoffarmingintherichworldshoulddecline,andtheuseofchemicalinputswilldiminish.Cropsaremorelikelytobegrownintheenvironmentstowhichtheyarenaturallysuited.Andmoreframersinpoorcountrieswillhavethemoneyandincentivetomanagetheirlandinwaysthataresustainableinthelongrun.Thatisimportant.Tofeedanincreasinglyhungryworld,farmersneedeveryincentivetousetheirsoilandwatereffectivelyandefficiently.

Fromthelistbelowchoosethemostsuitabletitleforthereadingpassageabove.WritetheappropriateletterA-Einbox28ontheAnswerSheet.（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Environmentalmanagement

B.Increasingtheworld’sfoodsupply

C.Soilerosion

D.Fertilizersandpesticides—thewayforward

E.Farmsubsidies

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段，可知文章的主要內(nèi)容為政府在農(nóng)業(yè)方面的相關(guān)政策對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境的影響。緊接著下文運(yùn)用很多國(guó)家的例子說(shuō)明了政府運(yùn)用各種不同的政策來(lái)減少農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境帶來(lái)的各種破壞，使土壤和環(huán)境得到保護(hù)。分別討論了在富裕的國(guó)家和貧窮的國(guó)家，相關(guān)政策對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)帶來(lái)的影響和效果?？膳袛喑霰疚膬?nèi)容主要是圍繞環(huán)境管理開(kāi)展的。Environmentalmanagement“環(huán)境管理”；Increasingtheworld’sfoodsupply“增加世界糧食供應(yīng)”；Soilerosion“土壤侵蝕”；Fertilizersandpesticides—thewayforward“化肥和殺蟲(chóng)劑——未來(lái)之路”；Farmsubsidies“農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser’slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(n)______way.

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthoris______inhisattitudetowardthecomputer.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Activeincommunication.

B.Attractiveinpersonality.

C.Enjoyableinperformance.

D.Unpredictableinbehavior.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.quick

B.unpredictable

C.productive

D.inconspicuous

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson’slife.

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.favorable

B.critical

C.vague

D.hesitant

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Artificialrelationships.

B.Howtoformintimaterelationships.

C.Theaffectionatemachine.

D.Humansandcomputers.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?1.下列哪項(xiàng)不是理想伴侶機(jī)器的特點(diǎn)？

A.Activeincommunication.A.積極參與交流。

B.Attractiveinpersonality.B.有吸引力的個(gè)性。

C.Enjoyableinperformance.C.令人愉快的行為。

D.Unpredictableinbehavior.D.不可預(yù)測(cè)的行為。

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】定位到第一段對(duì)理想伴侶機(jī)器的描述“理想的伴侶機(jī)器不僅看起來(lái)、感覺(jué)上和聽(tīng)起來(lái)都很友好，而且通過(guò)編程使其行為舉止令人愉快（behaveinapleasantmanner）。這些特性使互動(dòng)變得舒適（makeinteractioncomfortable），但機(jī)器仍會(huì)保持略微不可預(yù)測(cè)的狀態(tài)（slightlyunpredictable），因此很有趣?！袝r(shí)會(huì)主動(dòng)發(fā)展或改變?cè)掝}，并有自己的個(gè)性（haveapersonalityofitsown）?！?，從中可知，理想伴侶機(jī)器的特點(diǎn)就是有很好的行為舉止、舒適的互動(dòng)、略微不可預(yù)測(cè)的狀態(tài)以及具有自己的個(gè)性，只有D項(xiàng)“不可預(yù)測(cè)的行為”表述與原文不符，文中提到的是slightlyunpredictable（略微不可預(yù)測(cè)的），該項(xiàng)太絕對(duì)，故該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“積極參與交流”、B項(xiàng)“有吸引力的個(gè)性”、C項(xiàng)“令人愉快的行為”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)都屬于理想伴侶機(jī)器的特點(diǎn)，反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(n)______way.2.計(jì)算機(jī)將以______方式與人類發(fā)展友誼。

A.quickA.快速的

B.unpredictableB.不可預(yù)測(cè)的

C.productiveC.富有成效的

D.inconspicuousD.不引人注目的

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第三句“整個(gè)過(guò)程將以一種微妙的方式（inasubtleway）完成，以避免給人一種過(guò)于熟悉的印象，以免引起憤怒”可知，計(jì)算機(jī)將以一種微妙的方式與人類發(fā)展友誼，D項(xiàng)“不引人注目的”是subtle的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，所以該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“快速的”、B項(xiàng)“不可預(yù)測(cè)的”和C項(xiàng)“富有成效的”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)都屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?3.當(dāng)文章討論人為關(guān)系的好處時(shí)，下列哪方面沒(méi)有被提及？

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.A.能夠進(jìn)行有趣的談話。

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.B.對(duì)早期接觸敏感。

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperso