考研考博-英語-天津國土資源和房屋職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津國土資源和房屋職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Withhumanfootprintsonthemoon,radiotelescopeslisteningformessagesfromaliencreatures(whomayormaynotexist),technicianslookingforcelestialandplanetarysourcesofenergytosupportourcivilization,orbitingtelescopes’datehintingatplanetarysystemsaroundotherstars,andpoliticalgroupstryingtofigureouthowtosavehumanityfromnudewarfarethatwoulddamagelifeandclimateonaplanet-widescale,anastronomybookpublishedtodayentersaworlddifferentfromtheonethatgreetedbooksagenerationago.Astronomyhasbroadenedtoinvolveourbasiccircumstancesandourmysteriousfutureintheuniverse.Witheclipsesandspacemissionsbroadcastlive,andwithNASA,Europe,andtheUSSRplanningandbuildingpermanentspacestations,astronomyoffersadventureforallpeople,anoutwardexploratorythrustthatmayonedaybeseenasanalternativetomindlessconsumerism,ideologicalbickering,andwarstocontroldwindlingresourcesonaclosed,finiteEarth.

Today’sastronomystudentsnotonlyseekanupto-datesummaryofastronomicalfacts:theyask,aspeoplehaveaskedforages,aboutourbasicrelationstotherestoftheuniverse.Theymaystudyastronomypartlytoseekpointsofcontactbetweenscienceandotherhumanendeavors:philosophy,history,politics,environmentalaction,eventheartsandreligion.

Sciencefictionwritersandspecialeffectartistsonrecentfilmshelptoday’sstudentsrealizethatunseenworldsofspacearerealplaces—notabstractconcepts.Today’sstudentsarecitizensofamorereal,morevastcosmosthatconceptualizedbystudentsofadecadeago.

Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetriedtorespondtothesedevelopments.Ratherthanjumpingatthestartintomurkywatersofcosmology,IhavebegunwiththeviewpointofancientpeopleonEarthandworkedoutwardacrosstheuniverse.Thismethodoforganizationautomatically(ifloosely)reflectstheorderofhumanity’sdiscoveriesaboutastronomyandprovidesaunifyingthemeofincreasingdistanceandscale.

1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom（）.

2.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthefirstparagraphis（）.

3.TheauthorthinksthatthegrowinginterestinspaceexplorationamongpeopleonEarthwillprobablyleadto（）.

4.Theauthorbelievesthattoday’sastronomiesstudents（）.

5.Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedexpression“thesedevelopments”referstoallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theprefaceofapieceofsciencefiction

B.anarticleofpopularscience

C.alecturegivenbytheauthortoastronomystudents

D.theintroductionofabookofastronomy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.todiscussindetailthemostrecentachievementsinspaceresearch

B.toexplainthebackgroundandnewfeaturesoftoday’sastronomy

C.toillustratethattheworldtodayisdifferentinmanyaspectsfromthatofagenerationago

D.tointroducesomenewlyestablishedspacestations

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.therealizationofpermanentsettlementonotherplanets

B.moredisturbancenotonlyonEarthbutalsoinouterspace

C.orders,harmonyandpeaceonourplanetEarth

D.allpeoplehavingchancesoftravellinginspace

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.arebetter-informedabouttheunseenworldsofspace

B.maylearnmoreaboutmanandhisresearchinvariousfieldsthroughthestudyofastronomy

C.nolongercareaboutastronomicalfacts

D.aremuchbrighterthanstudentsofagenerationago

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theworld-wideinvolvementinspaceexploration

B.humanity’snewachievementsinthefieldofastronomy

C.thenewconceptsabouttheuniverseacquiredbytoday’sastronomystudents

D.thedevelopmentofsciencefictionandspecialeffectsoffilms

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。文章最后一段提及Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetried…“在設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)版本時(shí)，Wadsworth的編輯和我試圖……”，由此可知文章摘自一本書的序言，而本文都是在講述關(guān)于天文學(xué)方面的，所以推測(cè)是天文學(xué)類書籍，所以D選項(xiàng)“一本天文學(xué)書籍的序言”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“科幻小說的序言”，科幻小說對(duì)象不正確；B選項(xiàng)“一篇科普文章”與原文第一段anastronomybookpublished…“一本天文學(xué)書籍……”不符；C選項(xiàng)“作者給天文學(xué)學(xué)生的演講”，文章的形式并不是演講，所以C錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:主旨大意題。原文第一段主要講述的是人類在天文學(xué)方面的研究擴(kuò)展和特點(diǎn)。B選項(xiàng)作者寫第一段的目的是“來解釋今天天文學(xué)的背景和新特征”符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“詳細(xì)討論太空研究的最新成果”，第一段只是簡(jiǎn)單介紹并未詳細(xì)討論，所以A錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“說明今天的世界與一代人以前在許多方面不同”，只是說明研究的新進(jìn)展，并不是世界的不同；D選項(xiàng)“引進(jìn)一些新建立的空間站”與題意不符。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段astronomyoffersadventureforallpeople…ideologicalbickering,andwarstocontroldwindlingresourcesonaclosed,finiteEarth.“天文學(xué)為所有人提供了冒險(xiǎn)的機(jī)會(huì)，這是一種向外探索的推進(jìn)，也許有一天，它會(huì)被視為一種替代選擇，取代盲目的消費(fèi)主義、意識(shí)形態(tài)的爭(zhēng)吵和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，以控制一個(gè)封閉、有限的地球上日益減少的資源。”A選項(xiàng)“在其他行星上永久定居的實(shí)現(xiàn)”原文并未涉及；B選項(xiàng)“更多的干擾不僅在地球上，而且在外太空”不符合題意；C選項(xiàng)“地球上的秩序、和諧與和平”，原文提到“可以取代盲目的消費(fèi)主義、意識(shí)形態(tài)的爭(zhēng)吵和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”進(jìn)而可以維護(hù)地球秩序和諧和平，符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“所有人有機(jī)會(huì)在太空旅行”與題意不符。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞today’sastronomiesstudents定位到文章第二段Theymaystudyastronomypartlytoseekpointsofcontactbetweenscienceandotherhumanendeavors:philosophy,history,politics,environmentalaction,eventheartsandreligion.“他們學(xué)習(xí)天文學(xué)的部分原因可能是為了尋找科學(xué)和其他人類活動(dòng)之間的聯(lián)系：哲學(xué)、歷史、政治、環(huán)境行為，甚至是藝術(shù)和宗教?！庇纱丝芍?，研究天文學(xué)還可以更多地了解其他領(lǐng)域。所以B選項(xiàng)“通過天文學(xué)的研究，可以更多地了解人類及其在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的研究”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)看不見的宇宙有更好的了解”不太切合題意；C選項(xiàng)“不再關(guān)心天文事實(shí)”與原文敘述相反；D選項(xiàng)“比上一代的學(xué)生聰明得多”沒有比較無法體現(xiàn)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。由劃線句定位到文中最后一段Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetriedtorespondtothesedevelopments.“在設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)版本時(shí)，Wadsworth的編輯和我試圖對(duì)這些發(fā)展做出回應(yīng)?！庇纱丝芍?，“這些發(fā)展”所包括的內(nèi)容是前文已經(jīng)提及的。A選項(xiàng)“全世界參與太空探索”和B選項(xiàng)“人類在天文學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新成就”在第一段中有涉及；C選項(xiàng)“今天的天文學(xué)學(xué)生獲得的關(guān)于宇宙的新概念”在文章第二段有講述；D選項(xiàng)“科幻小說和電影特效的發(fā)展”，文章主要是講述關(guān)于天文學(xué)方面的內(nèi)容，并沒有詳細(xì)闡述科幻小說和電影的發(fā)展，所以D選項(xiàng)與題意不符。因此此題選擇D選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Peopleweresurprisedtofindthathehadtheabilityto（）everythinghewasinvolvedin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precede

B.dominate

C.pervade

D.denominate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)precede“領(lǐng)先，在……之前”，指在次序或地位上先于或高于；B項(xiàng)dominate“控制，支配”，指施加決定性、引導(dǎo)性影響于……；C項(xiàng)pervade“遍及，彌漫”，D項(xiàng)denominate“為……命名；把……稱作……”。句意：人們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，他有能力支配他所參與的一切。根據(jù)句意，該題選B正確。

3.寫作題

WriteanotetoyourroommateFrank.Yournoteshouldcontainabout80Englishwords.RememberthatyouarewritingthisnotebeforeleavingforShanghaiforthreedays.Inyournote,youshouldaskFranktolookafteryourpetdogGoofywhileyouareaway.YournotetoFrankshouldincludethefollowinginformation.

(a)YouwillflytoShanghaiintheevening

(b)ApologizetoFrankthatyouhavetoleaveinahurry

(c)AskFranktolookafterGoofy

(d)TellFrankthatthedogfoodisleftinthestoreroom

(e)RemindFrankthatGoofydoesnotlikecoldmilk

(f)Goofylikestotakeawalkintheevening

(g)LetFrankknowthatyouaregratefultohimforlookingafterGoofy

WriteyournotetoFrankonANSWERSHEETII.

【答案】DearFrank,

I’mgoingtoShanghaithiseveningandIwillstaytherefor3days.IshouldapologizethatIhavetoleavesohastily.AndI’mveryembarrassedtoaskyoutohelpmelookaftermydogGoofy.Bytheway,ImustremindyouthatyoucaneasilyfindthedogfoodthatIhaveleftinthestoreroom.Oh,Goofydon’tlikecoldmilkverymuch,sopleasedon’tforgettoheatthemilkforhim.Besides,helikestakingawalkintheevening.Thankyouverymuchforhelpingme.

YoursSincerely,4.單選題

Theexactcauseofthekillingdiseasewasnotknownuntilacountrydoctordiscoveredit（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bytheway

B.byandlarge

C.byallmeans

D.byaccident

【答案】D

【解析】bytheway順便說說；byandlarge大體上,總的來說；byallmeans一定,務(wù)必；byaccident偶然,意外地。句意：直到一位鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種致命疾病,人們才知道它的確切病因。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

5.單選題

Doyoufrequentthelocalstoreorbuyfromthemail-orderhouse?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.phoneat

B.parkat

C.chargeat

D.shopat

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。Frequent作動(dòng)詞表示“常去”；A項(xiàng)phoneat沒有這個(gè)搭配，phone作動(dòng)詞表示“打電話”，B項(xiàng)parkat“在……停車”，C項(xiàng)chargeat“沖擊，猛攻”，D項(xiàng)shopat“在……購物”。句意：你經(jīng)常去實(shí)體店買東西還是網(wǎng)上購物呢？因此D項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Patientsareexpectedtocomplywithdoctors’instructionsforquickrecovery.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.improveon

B.abideby

C.drawupon

D.reflecton

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。complywith表示“遵守，照做”；A項(xiàng)improveon“改進(jìn)，對(duì)……加以改良”，B項(xiàng)abideby“遵守，信守”，C項(xiàng)drawupon“利用，開出”，D項(xiàng)reflecton“思考，反省”。句意：希望病人遵照醫(yī)生的指示盡快恢復(fù)。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。

7.問答題

Indealingwithastudentwhoisactingaggressivelytowardhisclassmates,youwanttosendastrongmessagethataggressivebehaviorwillnotbetoleratedinyourclassroom.Inaddition,youwanttohelphimdevelopmoreappropriatewaysofsettlingdisputeswithhispeers.

Iftwoelementaryschoolstudentsareengagedinafight,useastrongloudvoicetostopit.Ifthatdoesn’twork,youmightsaysomethingodd(“Lookup!Theceilingisfalling!”)todiverttheirattention.Iftheystilldon’tstopandyoucan’tseparatethem,sendastudenttotheofficetogethelp.Ifacrowdofchildrenisgathering,insistthattheymoveawayorsitdown,perhapsclappingyourhandstogettheirattention:(1)Aftertheincidentisover,meetwiththecombatantstogethersotheycangiveyoutheirversionsofwhathappenedandyoucanhelpthemresolveanylingeringproblems.Alsonotifytheparents.

Speakinafirm,no-nonsensemannertostopastudent’saggressivebehavior:usephysicalrestraintasalastresort.Whenrespondingtothestudent,payattentiontoyourverbalaswellasnon-verballanguage.Evenifheisyellingatyou,staycalm.Allowhimtoexpresswhatheisupsetaboutwithoutinterruptinghimandthenacknowledgehisfeelings.Avoidcrossingyourarms,pointingafingerormakingthreats:(2)anyofthoseactionscouldintensifyhisangerandstiffenhisresistance.

Youmightconcludethatastudent’saggressivebehaviorwarrantsseparatinghimfromtherestoftheclass,eithertosendhimastrongmessagethatwhathedidmeritsaseriousconsequenceortoprotecttheotherstudents.Youcandothatbygivinghimatimeoutinclassorbysendinghimtotheoffice.

Althoughhemightexpectyoutoreact(3)punitively,surprisehimbyreactingsupportively.Expressyourconfidencethathecanresolveproblemswithoutbeinghurtfultohispeers.Tellhimthatyouthinkhemustbeupsetaboutsomethingtolosecontrolashedidandyouwanttounderstandwhatmightbebotheringhim.Ifhedoesopenuptoyou,listenattentivelywithoutinterrupting.(4)Speakinginacalmvoice,tellhimthatyouunderstandwhyhewasupset,butstressthathehastofindawaytoexpresshisangerwithwordsratherthanwithhishands.

Youdon’twanttoforceanaggressivestudenttosayheissorrybecausethatmightfuelhisanger,however,youdowanttostronglyencouragehimtomakeamendswiththestudenthehit.(5)Ifheiswillingtodothat,itwillhelpsoothehurtfeelingsandavoidfutureconflicts.

【答案】答：

1.Youneedtochatwithcombatantsengagedinthefightsoonafterwards,toknowthedetaileddescriptionofincidentsandhelptoreconcilethebothside,andinformtheirparents.

2.Anycriticalspeechandactivitywillintensifyaggressivestudent’sangerandstiffenhisresistance.

3.involvingpunishment

4.Speakingtohimcalmlytotellyourunderstandingabouthisupset,youstressthatheshouldlearntoexpressintenseemotionwithwordsratherthanwithfightingways.

5.Onceanaggressivestudentiswillingtosaysorrywithoutinstruction,itwillhelpsoothothers’hurtfeelingandavoidfutureconflicts.

【解析】1.原文句意是：事件結(jié)束后，與打架的雙方學(xué)生見面，讓他們告訴你發(fā)生了什么，幫助他們化解相互之間的矛盾，同時(shí)還要通知家長(zhǎng)。通過分析原文句子，該句的意思是兩層：一是在打架后和學(xué)生談話并了解情況，二是通知家長(zhǎng)。故該句子可以改寫為Youneedtochatwithcombatantsengagedinthefightsoonafterwards,toknowthedetaileddescriptionofincidentsandhelptoreconcilethebothside,andinformtheirparents（你需要和打架同學(xué)交談，了解事件的詳情，幫助調(diào)解雙方，并告知他們的父母）。

2.原文句意是：任何這些行為都可能加劇他的憤怒和加強(qiáng)他的抵抗。根據(jù)原文可知原句中的thoseactions指的是上文所提到的行為，上文提到Evenifheisyellingatyou,staycalm.（即使他對(duì)你大喊大叫，你也要保持冷靜）和Avoidcrossingyourarms,pointingafingerormakingthreats（避免交叉雙臂，用手指或威脅），由此可知，thoseactions指的是言語和動(dòng)作上的行為，所以該句可以擴(kuò)充改寫為Anycriticalspeechandactivitywillintensifyaggressivestudent’sangerandstiffenhisresistance（任何批評(píng)性的言論和活動(dòng)都會(huì)加劇好斗學(xué)生的憤怒，加強(qiáng)他們的反抗）。

3.原文中這個(gè)詞語的意思是“懲罰地”；整個(gè)句子的意思是：雖然他可能期望你的反應(yīng)是懲罰性的，但讓他驚訝的是你的反應(yīng)是支持的。這里可以把punitively副詞形式改寫為非謂語動(dòng)詞形式involvingpunishment（設(shè)計(jì)懲罰）。

4.原文句意是：用平靜的聲音告訴他，你理解他為什么難過，但強(qiáng)調(diào)他必須用語言來表達(dá)憤怒，而不是用手。原文的clam（冷靜的）可以改為副詞，即calmly（冷靜地）；anger（憤怒）可以換一種說法，即intenseemotion（強(qiáng)烈的感情）；那么整個(gè)句子就是Speakingtohimcalmlytotellyourunderstandingabouthisupset,youstressthatheshouldlearntoexpressintenseemotionwithwordsratherthanwithfightingways（平靜地和他說話，告訴他你理解他的難過，強(qiáng)調(diào)他應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)用語言而不是用爭(zhēng)斗的方式表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的情感）。

5.原文句意是：如果他愿意這樣做，這將有助于安撫受傷的感情，避免未來的沖突。這個(gè)句子我們要理解原句中that所指代的內(nèi)容；原文最后一段第一句提到y(tǒng)oudowanttostronglyencouragehimtomakeamendswiththestudenthehit.（你確實(shí)想要強(qiáng)烈鼓勵(lì)他向他打過的學(xué)生賠罪），由此可知，that所指代的內(nèi)容就是鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生道歉；那么這個(gè)句子可以解釋為Onceanaggressivestudentiswillingtosaysorrywithoutinstruction,itwillhelpsoothothers’hurtfeelingandavoidfutureconflicts（一旦一個(gè)好斗的學(xué)生愿意在沒有得到指導(dǎo)的情況下說對(duì)不起，這將有助于緩解他人受到的傷害，避免未來的沖突）。

8.單選題

Eversinceitsdiscovery,Plutohasneverreallyfittedin.AfterthepaleandglowinggiantNeptune,itislittlemorethanacosmicdustmite,sweptthroughthefarthestreachesofthesolarsystemonaplanetwildlytiltedrelativetotherestoftheplanets.ItissmallerthanNeptune’slargestmoon,andthearcofitsorbitissoovalthatitoccasionallycrossesitsmassiveblueneighbor’spath.

Foryears,ithasbeenseenasoursolarsystem’soddestplanet.Yesterday，however,scientistsreleasedperhapsthemostconvincingevidenceyetthatPluto,infact,isnotaplanetatall.Forthefirsttime,astronomershavepeeredintoabeltofrocksbeyondPlutounknownuntil10yearsago—andfoundaworldthatrivalsPlutoinsize.Thescientistspositthatlargerrocksmustbeoutthere，perhapsevenlargerthanPluto,meaningPlutoismorelikelythekingofthisdistantrealmofspacedetritusthanthetiniestofthenineplanets.

Whendiscoveredin1930，“Plutoatthatpointwastheonlything(thatfar)outthere,sotherewasnothingelsetocallitbutaplanet,”saysMikeBrown,anastronomerattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena.“Nowitjustdoesn’tfit.”Inonesense,thequestionofPluto’splanetarystatusisarcane,theprovinceofpocket-protectedscientistsandsun-deprivedpenpushersdeterminedtodecidesomeofficialdesignationforaballofdustandice3billionmilesaway.

Yetitisalsounquestionablysomethingmore.Fromsciencefairdioramastogovernmentfunding,planetsholdaspecialplaceinthepublicimagination,andhowPlutoiseventuallyseen—bykidsandCongressalike—couldshapewhatfuturegenerationslearnaboutthismysteriousoutpostontheedgeofthesolarsystem.Thedebatehassplittheastronomicalcommunityfordecades.EvenbeforethedistantbandofrocksknownastheKuiperBeltwasfound,Pluto’sunusualbehaviormadeitsuspicious.

Elsewhere,thesolarsystemfitintonearfamilies:therockyinnerplanets，theasteroidbelt,thehugeandgaseousouterplanets.Pluto,though,waspeculiar.WiththediscoveryoftheKuiperBelt—countlessbitsofrockandiceleftunusedwhenthewheelofthesolarsystemfirstformed—Plutosuddenlyseemedtohavecousins.Yetuntilyesterday,itheldtoitsplanetarydistinctionbecauseitwasfarlargerthananythinglocatedthere.

TherubnowisQuaoar(pronouncedKWAH-oar),1billionmilesbeyondPlutoandroughlyhalfaslarge.NamedafterthecreationforceofthetribethatoriginallyinhabitedtheLosAngelesbasin,Quaoarforecastsproblemsfortheerstwhileninthplanet,saysdiscovererDr.Brown:“ThecaseisgoingtogetalothardertodefendthedaysomebodyfindssomethinglargerthanPluto,”

Tosome,theproblemisnotwithPluto,butthedefinitionof“planet.”Inshort，thereisnone.TotheGreeks,whocoinedtheterm,itmeant“wanderer,”describingthewaythattheplanetsmovedacrossthenightskydifferentlyfromthestarsbehindthem.Today,withourmorenuancedunderstandingoftheuniverse,thewordnolongerhasmuchscientificmeaning.

NewYork’sHaydenPlanetariumcausedacommotiontwoyearsagobysupposedlydemotingPluto,lumpingitwiththeKuiperBeltobjectsinitshugemobileofthesolarsystem.Inreality,however,theplanetariumwasmakingamuchbroaderstatement,saysNellDegrasseTyson,anastrophysicistthere.Thetextbooksofthefutureshouldfocusmoreonfamiliesoflikeobjectsthan“planets.”ThediscoveryofQuaoarstrengthensthisidea:“Everyoneneedstorethinkthestructureofoursolarsystem,”hesays.“We’vejuststoppedcountingplanets.’’

Still,manyareloathtopartwiththeplanetPluto.TheynotethatPluto,infact,isdistinctfrommanyKuiperBeltobjects.Ithasathinatmosphere,forone.Itreflectsagreatdealoflight,whilemostKuiperBeltobjectsareverydark.AndunlikeallbutahandfulofknownKuiperBeltobjects，ithasamoon.“MaybePluto，then,shouldberepresentativeofanewclassofplanets,”saysMarkSykes,anastronomerattheUniversityofArizonainTucson.“It’sthefirstexample,andwearejustbeginningtofindthiscategory.”

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

2.FromwhenwasPlutoseriouslyquestionedaboutitsplanetarystatus?

3.Thesentence“Inshort，thereisnone.”(Para.7)canbeparaphrasedaswhichofthefollowing?

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesnotsupportthestatementthatPlutoisour“solarSystem’soddestplanet”?

5.Theword“commotion”intheexpression“NewYork’sHaydenPlanetariumcausedacommotiontwoyearsago”(Para.8)canbereplacedby________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.RockslargerthanPlutohavebeenfoundintheKuiperBelt.

B.TheKuiperBeltdidnotexistwhenPlutowasfirstdiscovered.

C.TheastronomersaredividedwithregardtothestatusofPluto.

D.ThereisalmostnodifferencebetweenPlutoandotherKuiperBeltobjects.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Asearlyas1930.

B.Morethanadecadeago.

C.WhentheKuiperBeltwasdiscovered.

D.WhenQuaoarwasdiscovered.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ThereisnoproblemwithPluto’splanetarystatus.

B.ThereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenPlutoandotherplanets.

C.Thereisyetnoscientificdefinitionoftheterm“planet.”

D.Thereisnocleardistinctionbetweenplanetsandstars.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itisfarthestfromthesun.

B.Itisunusuallysmall.

C.Itsorbitistoooval.

D.Itmainlyconsistsofdustandice.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.exchangeofopinions

B.thoroughinvestigation

C.wildimagination

D.agitatedconfusion

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Thedebatehassplittheastronomicalcommunityfordecades.”，對(duì)冥王星的定位問題，幾十年來爭(zhēng)論一直存在于天文界。所以天文學(xué)家對(duì)冥王星的地位意見不一。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“however,scientistsreleasedperhapsthemostconvincingevidenceyetthatPluto,infact,isnotaplanetatall.Forthefirsttime,astronomershavepeeredintoabeltofrocksbeyondPlutounknownuntil10yearsago—andfoundaworldthatrivalsPlutoinsize.”，可知，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了能夠證明冥王星不是行星的證據(jù)，天文學(xué)家直到十年前觀察了冥王星以外的巖石帶，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)大小和冥王星差不多的世界。根據(jù)文章第四段，“EvenbeforethedistantbandofrocksknownastheKuiperBeltwasfound”，可知這些巖石帶是被叫做凱伯帶。所以在凱伯巖石帶被發(fā)現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，就產(chǎn)生了懷疑。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第七段一二句，“Tosome,theproblemisnotwithPluto,butthedefinitionof“planet.”Inshort，thereisnone.”，可知問題不在于冥王星，而是對(duì)于行星的定義，反正沒人能說得清楚，可推測(cè)對(duì)“行星”這一詞匯還沒有科學(xué)的定義。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Plutohasneverreallyfittedin…itislittlemorethanacosmicdustmite,sweptthroughthefarthestreachesofthesolarsystemonaplanetwildlytiltedrelativetotherestoftheplanets.ItissmallerthanNeptune’slargestmoon,andthearcofitsorbitissooval...”，可知人們把冥王星看作一個(gè)奇怪的行星的原因有：橫掃太陽系最遠(yuǎn)的地方、比海王星最大的衛(wèi)星要小、軌道是橢圓形的。所以并沒有提到它是由冰和塵埃組成，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第八段，“demotingPluto,lumpingitwiththeKuiperBeltobjectsinitshugemobileofthesolarsystem.”，海頓天文館是把冥王星降級(jí)，把它歸類為太陽系中庫伯帶小星體。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“TheynotethatPluto,infact,isdistinctfrommanyKuiperBeltobjects.”，可知他們發(fā)現(xiàn)冥王星與庫伯帶小行星中的很多星體又有明顯的不同。所以海頓天文館的這一舉動(dòng)引來了更多的困惑和混亂。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Mutualtradeimplies（

）advantages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.allied

B.cooperative

C.periodical

D.reciprocal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。allied“聯(lián)合的；同盟的”；cooperative“合作的；合作社的”；periodical“周期的；定期的”；reciprocal“互惠的；相互的”。句意：雙邊貿(mào)易意味著互惠的優(yōu)勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

ScientistshaveachievedfindingssubstantialenoughtoremoveourfearofGMfoods.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abundant

B.controversial

C.conducive

D.convincing

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。substantial表示“大量的，實(shí)質(zhì)的”；A項(xiàng)abundant“豐富的，充裕的”，B項(xiàng)controversial“有爭(zhēng)議的，有爭(zhēng)論的”，C項(xiàng)conducive“有益的，有助于……的”，D項(xiàng)convincing“令人信服的”。句意：科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)取得了足以消除我們對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品恐懼的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)前面的findings（發(fā)現(xiàn)）可知只有D項(xiàng)的意思與劃線部分的意思相近，所以D項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoareself-employed,don’thavesmallchildrenandgetalong________tospendmostoftheirtimetogether.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sowell

B.toowell

C.wellas

D.wellenough

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：這個(gè)解決方案只對(duì)那些自由工作者，沒有小孩且在一起的時(shí)候大部分時(shí)間都相處得（）的夫妻來說有用。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)這里詞意要填“很好”，所以不能選B選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)閠oo…to是“太……而不能”；C，D選項(xiàng)則會(huì)把因果倒置“因?yàn)橄嗵幍煤盟源蟛糠謺r(shí)間待在一起”。so…to“太……而”這個(gè)搭配與too…to的意思相對(duì)，答案選A。

12.單選題

WhenStevenfinallyemergedfromthecaveafterthirtydays,everyonepresentwas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.smuggled

B.startled

C.appealed

D.stabilized

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)smuggle“走私，偷運(yùn)”；B選項(xiàng)startle“使驚奇，使嚇一跳”；C選項(xiàng)appeal“呼吁”；D選項(xiàng)stabilize“使穩(wěn)固，使安定”。

句意：當(dāng)史蒂文30天后終于從山洞里出來時(shí)，在場(chǎng)的人都嚇了一跳。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

13.單選題

Shedescribedthedistributionoffoodandmedicalsuppliesasa（）nightmare.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paranoid

B.putative

C.benign

D.logistical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。paranoid“像偏執(zhí)狂的；患偏執(zhí)狂的”；putative“推定的，假定的，被公認(rèn)的”；benign“（氣候）良好的，仁慈的，和藹的”；logistical“邏輯的，運(yùn)籌的；后勤方面的”。句意：她把食物分配和醫(yī)療供應(yīng)描述成是一場(chǎng)后勤的噩夢(mèng)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.單選題

Yourkindnessingiving（

）totheconsiderationoftheaboveproblemwillbehighly

appreciated.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.priority

B.advantage

C.importance

D.authority

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。priority意為“優(yōu)先，優(yōu)先權(quán)”；advantage意為“優(yōu)勢(shì)”；importance意為“重要性，重大”；authority意為“權(quán)威”。句意：如果您會(huì)優(yōu)先考慮上述問題，我們將深表感謝。

15.單選題

IfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant.WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericangovernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.

Therearethreereasonsforthepublic-sectorunions’thriving.First,theycanshutthingsdownwithoutsufferingmuchinthewayofconsequences.Second,theyaremostlybrightandwell-educated.AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree.Third,theynowdominateleft-of-centrepolitics.Someoftheirtiesgobackalongway.Britain’sLaborParty,asitsnameimplies,haslongbeenassociatedwithtradeunionism.Itscurrentleader,EdMiliband,oweshispositiontovotesfrompublic-sectorunions.

Atthestateleveltheirinfluencecanbeevenmorefearsome.MarkBaldassareofthePublicPolicyInstituteofCaliforniapointsoutthatmuchofthestate'sbudgetispatrolledbyunions.Theteachers'unionskeepaneyeonschools,theCCPOAonprisonsandavarietyoflaborgroupsonhealthcare.

Inmanyrichcountriesaveragewagesinthestatesectorarehigherthanintheprivateone.Buttherealgainscomeinbenefitsandworkpractices.Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keepingthepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.

Reformhasbeenvigorouslyopposed,perhapsmostegregiouslyineducation,wherecharterschools,academiesandmeritpayallfaceddrawn-outbattles.Eventhoughthereisplentyofevidencethatthequalityoftheteachersisthemostimportantvariable,teachers’unionshavefoughtagainstgettingridofbadonesandpromotinggoodones.

Asthecosttoeveryoneelsehasbecomeclearer,politicianshavebeguntoclampdown.InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicangovernor.Butmanywithinthepublicsectorsufferunderthecurrentsystem,too.

JohnDonahueatHarvard’sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenormsofcultureinWesterncivilservicessuitthosewhowanttostayputbutisbadforhighachievers.TheonlyAmericanpublic-sectorworkerswhoearnwellabove$250,000ayearareuniversitysportscoachesandthepresidentoftheUnitedStates.Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforAmerica.

1.Paragraph1suggeststhat（）.

2.AccordingtoParagraph2,（）.

3.Paragraph4pointsoutthattheincomeinthestatesectoris（）.

4.ItcanbelearnedfromtheexampleoftheunionsinWisconsinthatunions（）

5.WhatisJohnDonahue’sattitudetowardsthepublic-sectorsystem?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.JimmyHoffausedtoworkasacivilservant

B.Teamstershaskeptgrowinginitsbodyofmembers

C.thenumberofunionistsinpublic-sectorhasincreased

D.thegovernmenthasimproveditsrelationshipwithunionists

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.auniversitydegreeisrequiredforpublic-sectorunionmembership

B.LaborPartyhaslongbeenfightingagainstpublic-sectorunions

C.public-sectorunionsseldomgetintroublefortheiractions

D.public-sectorunionsarehesitantintakingactions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.fairlyadjusted

B.illegallysecured

C.indirectlyincreased

D.excessivelyincreased

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.oftenrunagainstthecurrentpoliticalsystem

B.maybeabarriertopublic-sectorreforms

C.canchangepeople’spoliticalattitudes

D.aredominantinthegovernment

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tolerance.

B.Disapproval.

C.Indifference.

D.Appreciation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文第一段第二句“WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericangovernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.”可知，在1960年只有十分之一的美國政府工作人員屬于工會(huì)而現(xiàn)在是36%。而由最后兩句“In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.”可知，2009年，美國公共部門工會(huì)成員的數(shù)量超過了私營部門工會(huì)成員的數(shù)量。在英國，超過一半的公共部門員工加入了工會(huì)，但只有15%的私營部門員工加入了工會(huì)。由此可以判斷，這么多年來，公共部門的工會(huì)成員人數(shù)有所增加，所以C選項(xiàng)表述正確。原文只是說明JimmyHoffa如果活著可能會(huì)代表公務(wù)員，并不是說他真的是公務(wù)員，因此A選項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容不符。B選項(xiàng)“卡車司機(jī)成員不斷增加”與原文內(nèi)容不符，原文只是說1960年卡車司機(jī)處于巔峰時(shí)期，故表述錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“政府改善了它與工會(huì)的關(guān)系”，在原文中并未提到，屬于無中生有。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問：根據(jù)第二段可以得出……。原文第二段主要介紹了工會(huì)興盛的三個(gè)原因，原因一：他們可以在不承擔(dān)后果的情況下解決事情；原因二：他們大多聰明且受過良好的教育；原因三：他們現(xiàn)在主導(dǎo)著中間偏左的政治。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)表述正確，withoutsufferingmuch說明他們很少惹上麻煩，即seldomgetintrouble。原文第二段第四句指出“AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree”，所以并不是所有的公共部門工會(huì)成員都被要求擁有大學(xué)學(xué)位?？膳袛郃選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。由原因三可知，工黨一直和工會(huì)聯(lián)系在一起，工黨領(lǐng)袖的當(dāng)選部分原因歸功于公共部分工會(huì)的投票，可判斷B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)的表述在原文中并未提及，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：從第四段可以得知，國營部門的收入是……。根據(jù)題干信息可定位到原文第4段第三句，通過Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keepingthepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.可知，政客們一再“加碼”公共部門的薪酬協(xié)議，要保持適度的工資增長(zhǎng)，但要增加假期，尤其是已經(jīng)很豐厚的養(yǎng)老金。由此可知，國營部門的收入需要間接進(jìn)行提高?？膳袛郈選項(xiàng)正確。A選