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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Medicineachieveditssplendideminencebyapplyingtheprincipleoffragmentationtothehumancondition.Ourbodilyillshavebeensplituprelegatedtodifferentexperts:anitchtothedermatologist,atwitchtotheneurologistandifallelsefails,avisittothepsychiatrist.Forthislast,intangiblefunction&thefamilydoctorhasbeentakenoverbythespecialistconfessional.

InIsrael,youqueueatonedeskforacutfinger,atanotherforasprain,andathirdforshock-evenifallthreesymptomsresultedfromoneaccident.InBritain,boththegrowingimportanceofhospitalfacilitiesandthereluctanceofGE.stounittheirresourceshasgonefartowardsmakingthesurgeryababyorcalminganeurotic.

ConsultantsandG.Psbeginthesameway,asmedicalstudentsobligedtocultivatedetachment.Butwhereasfamilydoctorgetsinvolvedintheintimatedetailsofhis“parish”,theconsultantneedonlymeetaspectsofthepatientrelevanttohisspecialty.Themoreheendeavorstospecialize,themoreextraneousphenomenamustbeshutout.Beyondthetokenbedsideexchangesheneednotgo.

Consequently,inasurgicalward,therearenopeopleatall:onlyanappendectomy,atumor,twohernias,anda“terminalcase”(hospitalsavoidtheword“dying”).Tomakeimpersonalityeasier,bedsarenumberedandpatientsareknownbynumbers.Remotenessprovidesthehospitalwithapracticalworkingcode.

Nursestoohaveevolvedtheirowndefensesystem.Sincetheycareforindividuals,theycouldwithdangerouseasebecometooinvolved.Thenursingprofessionhasthereforeperfecteditsowntechniqueoffragmentation,taskassignment”.Thisenablesonepatient’sneedstobesplitupamongmanynurses.Onejuniorwillgodownarowofbedsinsertingathermometerintoarowofmouths.Whethertheownersareasleepordrinkingteaisirrelevant;thejobcomesfirst,inherfinalyear,astudentwillundertakethepre-medicationofpatientsontheatre-list.Shehasbythattimelearnttoseethemasobjectsforinjection,notfrightenedpeople.

Nursingleadersrealizethedrawbacksinthissystem.There-hasbeentalkofgroup-assignmenttolinknurseswithparticularpatientsandgivesomecontinuity.Buttheactualnumberofexperimentscanbecountedononehand.Nurses,astheyoftenplead,touchingly,“areonlyhuman”.Theyshunresponsibilityforlifeanddeath,ifresponsibilityissplitintoakaleidoscopeofurines,itweighslessonanyoneperson.

1.Inthispassage,thewriterisultimatelysuggestingthat(

).

2.Accordingtothepassagenursesare(

).

3.Inthispassage,thewriterisultimatelysuggestingthat(

).

4.Accordingtothewriterstheattemptsbynursingleaderstoimprovethesystem

5.Theword“shun”inthelastparagraphmeans(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.healthcarehasbecomemoreefficient

B.healthcarehasbecomelesscaring

C.hospitalshavetoomanyspecialists

D.thereshouldbemoreopportunitiesforamateursinhospitals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.overpaidanduncaring

B.overworkedandunfairlycriticized

C.overwhelmedandundervalued

D.uncaringbutefficient

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.healthcarehasbecomemoreefficient

B.healthcarehasbecomelesscaring

C.hospitalshavetoomanyspecialists

D.thereshouldbemoreopportunitiesforamateursinhospitals

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.astepinthefightdirection

B.impressive

C.few

D.flawed

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.dodge

B.claim

C.appreciate

D.undertake

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理。作者通篇都在說當(dāng)今醫(yī)護(hù)人員不把病人當(dāng)活生生的人,而只是看成需要處理改善的對(duì)象。故選B。

2.歸納推理。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知,護(hù)士們雖然冷漠但是高效。

3.判斷推理。本篇都在說當(dāng)今醫(yī)護(hù)人員只把病人看成一個(gè)個(gè)的需要處理改善的對(duì)象而不是有感情的人。因此推測本題選B項(xiàng)(醫(yī)護(hù)變得冷漠了)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文中倒數(shù)最后一段第二行"Buttheactualnumberof...canbecountedononehand."可以得出答案。

5.詞義題。單詞“shun”所在句句意:他們逃避對(duì)生命和死亡的責(zé)任。shun意為“避免,躲開’,因此選A項(xiàng)dodge(閃開躲開)。

2.單選題

Afterdecidingonaspecificareaofadvancedstudy,prospectivestudentsmustresolvewhethertoaimatamaster’soraPh.D.(1)theacceleratingcomplexityofwhatanengineermustknow,manyemployershave(2)toregardamaster’sdegreeasminimumtraining.Therefore,thetypicaltwoyearsrequiredtoearnanM.S.(3)ausefulinvestmentoftime,energyandmoney.Enrolling(4)doctoralprogramswhichcould(5)outforseveralyears-involvesamuchgreater(6)oftimeandthelossoftheopportunitytoearnapay-check,nottomentionconsiderablygreaterriskofunemployment.Aspecialtythatis,(7)whenastudentsetsoffontheroadtowardaPh.D.couldbein(8)bythetimethatindividualgraduates.Still,earningadoctoratecanleadtojobsthathavearesearchfocusandrequireaveryhighlevelofsophistication.

Thedoctoraldegreecanalsooffergreaterprofessional(9),asCollinHitchcockrealizes.Hitchcock,isinaPh.D.programinelectrical,computer,andsystemsengineeringatRensselaerPolytechnicInstituteinTroy,NY.Hisresearchproject:studyingsemiconductorsinsolarcells.“Thereprobablywon’tbealotofjobsdoingresearchwithsolarcellswhenIgraduate,butIcouldshift(10)tootherkindsofsemiconductors.”saysHitchcock.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Concerning

B.Regarding

C.Given

D.Including

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.insisted

B.come

C.managed

D.got

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.supposes

B.terms

C.signs

D.represents

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.at

C.in

D.by

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.run

B.stretch

C.turn

D.last

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.commitment

B.spending

C.waste

D.dedication

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.depressing

B.acceptable

C.booming

D.promising

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.favor

B.decline

C.decrease

D.common

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.option

B.performance

C.flexibility

D.level

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.links

B.gears

C.steer

D.windscreen

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:B

【解析】第1題:考查介詞辨析與上下文語義。A項(xiàng)concerning“關(guān)于,就……而言”,B項(xiàng)regarding“關(guān)于,至于”,C項(xiàng)given“考慮到”,D項(xiàng)including“包括”。上文提到prospectivestudentsmustresolvewhethertoaimatamaster’soraPh.D.(畢業(yè)生必須決定是否繼續(xù)攻讀碩士學(xué)位或是博士學(xué)位),接著下文提到theacceleratingcomplexityofwhatanengineermustknow(工程師必須知道的東西越來越復(fù)雜),可知,上下文具有因果關(guān)系,故選given合適。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析和固定搭配。A項(xiàng)insist“堅(jiān)持,強(qiáng)調(diào)”,一般與on搭配,insiston表示“堅(jiān)持”;B項(xiàng)come“開始,出現(xiàn)”;C項(xiàng)manage“管理,經(jīng)營”,managetodo表示“掙扎做某事,設(shè)法完成某事”;D項(xiàng)get“得到”。根據(jù)句子manyemployershave()toregardamaster’sdegreeasminimumtraining可知,cometoregard…as固定用法表示“把……當(dāng)作,認(rèn)為……是”。句意:鑒于工程師必須知道的知識(shí)越來越復(fù)雜,許多雇主開始把碩士學(xué)位視為最低限度的培訓(xùn)。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)suppose“假定,認(rèn)為”,B項(xiàng)term“把……叫作”,C項(xiàng)sign“簽署,示意”,D項(xiàng)represent“代表,表現(xiàn)”。根據(jù)句子Therefore,thetypicaltwoyearsrequiredtoearnanM.S.()ausefulinvestmentoftime,energyandmoney.可知,空格后面的句子“對(duì)時(shí)間、精力和金錢的有益投資”是對(duì)前面句子“獲得理科碩士學(xué)位通常需要兩年時(shí)間”的進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充解釋,所以D項(xiàng)符合。句意:因此,獲得碩士學(xué)位通常需要兩年時(shí)間,這是對(duì)時(shí)間、精力和金錢的有益投資。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:考查介詞辨析與固定用法。A項(xiàng)over“超過”,B項(xiàng)at“在”,C項(xiàng)in“在……里”,D項(xiàng)by“通過”。根據(jù)空格前面的enroll可知,enrollin固定搭配,表示“參加,加入”。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:考查介詞辨析與固定用法。A項(xiàng)run“跑”,runout表示“用完,耗盡”;B項(xiàng)stretch“伸展,拉緊”,stretchout表示“伸出,伸展”;C項(xiàng)turn“轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),翻過來”,turnout表示“最后是,結(jié)果是”;D項(xiàng)last“持續(xù)”,lastout表示“經(jīng)受住,支持下去”。根據(jù)句子Enrollingindoctoralprogramswhichcould()outforseveralyears-involvesamuchgreater…oftimeandthelossoftheopportunitytoearnapay-check,nottomentionconsiderablygreaterriskofunemployment.可知,空格后面列舉了三種可能性:投入更多的時(shí)間,失去賺錢的機(jī)會(huì),失業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大;因此A、D選項(xiàng)可以排除,C項(xiàng)表示結(jié)果,B項(xiàng)表示延伸出的可能性。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第6題:考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)commitment“承諾,花費(fèi)金錢時(shí)間等”,B項(xiàng)spending“花費(fèi),度過”,C項(xiàng)waste“浪費(fèi)”,D項(xiàng)dedication“奉獻(xiàn),獻(xiàn)身”。根據(jù)句子Enrollingindoctoralprogramswhichcouldstretchoutforseveralyears-involvesamuchgreater()oftimeandthelossoftheopportunitytoearnapay-check,nottomentionconsiderablygreaterriskofunemployment.(攻讀可能持續(xù)數(shù)年的博士課程——包括更多的()時(shí)間和失去掙工資的機(jī)會(huì),更不用說更大的失業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)),結(jié)合空格前面提到攻讀博士需要數(shù)年,可知空格部分應(yīng)該表示“時(shí)間上的花費(fèi)/投入”,C項(xiàng)可以排除;D項(xiàng)不能與time搭配,D項(xiàng)排除;B項(xiàng)主要指開支;因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第7題:考查詞義辨析和上下文語義。A項(xiàng)depressing“沮喪,蕭條”,B項(xiàng)acceptable“可接受的”,C項(xiàng)booming“增長,繁榮”,D項(xiàng)promising“有前途的”。根據(jù)句子Aspecialtythatis,()whenastudentsetsoffontheroadtowardaPh.D.couldbein()bythetimethatindividualgraduates.(當(dāng)一個(gè)學(xué)生開始攻讀博士學(xué)位的時(shí)候,這個(gè)專業(yè)是……這個(gè)專業(yè)可能在畢業(yè)的時(shí)候……)可知,這個(gè)句子前后表示對(duì)比,兩個(gè)空格處應(yīng)該填入相反的詞語,根據(jù)第二個(gè)空格的選項(xiàng)可知,該題可排除A、B選項(xiàng);把C、D選項(xiàng)分別代入,可知C項(xiàng)更符合句意。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第8題:考查詞義辨析和上下文語義。A項(xiàng)favor“支持”,B項(xiàng)decline“下降,衰落”,C項(xiàng)decrease“減少,減小”,D項(xiàng)common“普通”。根據(jù)句子Aspecialtythatis,boomingwhenastudentsetsoffontheroadtowardaPh.D.couldbein()bythetimethatindividualgraduates.(當(dāng)一個(gè)學(xué)生剛開始攻讀博士學(xué)位時(shí),這個(gè)專業(yè)還在蓬勃發(fā)展,但到他畢業(yè)的時(shí)候,這個(gè)專業(yè)可能已經(jīng)在……)可知,這個(gè)句子前后表示對(duì)比,空格處應(yīng)該和booming相反的詞語,只有B項(xiàng)正確。句意:當(dāng)一個(gè)學(xué)生剛開始攻讀博士學(xué)位時(shí),這個(gè)專業(yè)還在蓬勃發(fā)展,但到他畢業(yè)的時(shí)候,這個(gè)專業(yè)可能已經(jīng)在衰落了。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第9題:考查名詞辨析與上下文語義。A項(xiàng)option“選擇”,B項(xiàng)performance“表現(xiàn)”,C項(xiàng)flexibility“靈活性”,D項(xiàng)level“水平”。根據(jù)句子Thedoctoraldegreecanalsooffergreaterprofessional()(博士學(xué)位也可以提供更大的專業(yè)……)可知,A、B選項(xiàng)不符合句意;這句話是Hitchcock在文中說的,根據(jù)他下文講述的一句話Thereprobablywon’tbealotofjobsdoingresearchwithsolarcellswhenIgraduate,butIcouldshift()tootherkindsofsemiconductors.(當(dāng)我畢業(yè)時(shí),可能不會(huì)有很多關(guān)于太陽能電池的研究工作,但我可以轉(zhuǎn)向……到其他種類的半導(dǎo)體),結(jié)合這句話,可知,本題空格處應(yīng)該表示“靈活性”。句意:博士學(xué)位也可以提供更大的專業(yè)靈活性。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第10題:考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)link“聯(lián)系,關(guān)系”,B項(xiàng)gear“工具,傳動(dòng)裝置”,C項(xiàng)steer“控制,掌舵”,D項(xiàng)windscreen“擋風(fēng)玻璃”。根據(jù)句子Thereprobablywon’tbealotofjobsdoingresearchwithsolarcellswhenIgraduate,butIcouldshift()tootherkindsofsemiconductors.(當(dāng)我畢業(yè)時(shí),可能不會(huì)有很多關(guān)于太陽能電池的研究工作,但我可以轉(zhuǎn)向……到其他種類的半導(dǎo)體)可知,shiftgears固定用法,表示“變速,改變方式”。句意:當(dāng)我畢業(yè)時(shí),可能不會(huì)有很多關(guān)于太陽能電池的研究工作,但我可以轉(zhuǎn)向其他種類的半導(dǎo)體。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,usingsciencefortheconstructionofwhatwecallmoderncivilization.Everydispensableitemofcontemporarytechnology,fromcanallockstodialtelephonestopenicillin,waspiecedtogetherfromtheanalysisofdataprovidedbyoneoranotherseriesofscientificexperiments.Threehundredyearsseemsalongtimefortestinganewapproachtohumandevelopmentlongenoughtosettlebackforcriticalappraisalofthescientificmethod,maybeevenlongenoughtovoteonwhethertogoonwithitornot.Thereisanargument.

Voiceshavebeenraisedinprotestsincethebeginning,risinginpitchandviolenceinthenineteenthcenturyduringtheearlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,summoningurgentcrowdsintothestreetsanydaythesedaysontheissueofnuclearenergy.Giveitback,saysomeofthevoices,itdoesn’treallywork,we’dtrieditanditdoesn’twork,gobackthreehundredyearsandstartagainonsomethingelselesschancyfortheraceofman.

Theprincipaldiscoveriesinthiscentury,takingallinall,aretheglimpsesofthedepthofourignoranceaboutnature.Thingsthatusedtoseemclearandrational,mattersofabsolutecertainty―Newtonianmechanics,forexample―haveslippedthroughourfingers,andweareleftwithanewsetofgiganticpuzzles,cosmicuncertainties,ambiguities;someofthelawsofphysicsareamendedeveryfewyears,somearecanceledoutright,someundergorevisedversionsoflegislativeintentasiftheywereactsofCongress.

JustthirtyyearsagowecallitabiologicalrevolutionwhenthefantasticgeometryoftheDNAmoleculewasexposedtopublicviewandthelinearlanguageofgeneticswasdecoded.Forawhile,thingsseemedsimpleandclear,thecellwasaneatlittlemachine,amechanicaldevicereadyfortakingtopiecesandreassembling,likeatinywatch.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex,filledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday’simagination.

Itisnotjustthatthereismoretodo,thereiseverythingtodo.Whatliesahead,orwhatcanlieaheadiftheeffortsinbasicresearcharecontinued,ismuchmorethantheconquestofhumandiseaseortheimprovementofagriculturaltechnologyorthecultivationofnutrientsinthesea.Aswelearnmoreaboutfundamentalprocessesoflivingthingsingeneralwewilllearnmoreaboutourselves.

1.WhatCANNOTbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Theprinciplediscoveryinthiscenturyshows().

3.Nowscientistshavefoundinthepastfewyears().

4.Thewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageistosaythat().

5.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsscienceis().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Scientificexperimentsinthepastthreehundredyearshaveproducedmanyvaluableitems.

B.Forthreehundredyearstherehavebeenpeopleholdingahostileattitudetowardscience.

C.Moderncivilizationdependsonsciencesomansupportsscientificprogressunanimously.

D.Somepeoplethinkthreehundredyearsisnotlongenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofscientificmethod.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.manhasoverthrownNewton’slawsofphysics

B.manhassolvedanewsetofgiganticpuzzles

C.manhaslostmanyscientificdiscoveries

D.manhasgivenupsomeoftheonceacceptedtheories

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theexposureofDNAtothepublicisunnecessary

B.thetinycellinDNAisaneatlittlemachine

C.manknowsnothingaboutDNA

D.manhasmuchtolearnaboutDNA

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.scienceisjustatitsbeginning

B.sciencehasgreatlyimprovedman’slife

C.sciencehasmadeprofoundprogress

D.sciencehasdonetoolittletohumanbeings

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.approving

C.neutral

D.regretful

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句和第四句maybeevenlongenoughtovoteonwhethertogoonwithitornot.Thereisanargument(甚至長到要投票決定是否繼續(xù)下去。這是有爭議的。),可見對(duì)于將科學(xué)是否繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去,人們觀點(diǎn)不一,有人持?jǐn)硨?duì)態(tài)度,故C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代文明依賴科學(xué),所以人們一致支持科學(xué)的進(jìn)步”正確,B選項(xiàng)“三百年來有人一直對(duì)科學(xué)持?jǐn)硨?duì)態(tài)度”錯(cuò)誤,D選項(xiàng)“有的人認(rèn)為三百年的時(shí)間不夠長,不能讓人們對(duì)科學(xué)方法進(jìn)行批判性的評(píng)價(jià)”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“過去三百年的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)制造出許多有價(jià)值的物品”:根據(jù)第一段第一、二句,三百年來,我們一直在研究科學(xué),當(dāng)代每項(xiàng)技術(shù)都是通過科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)而來的。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。A選項(xiàng)manhasoverthrownNewton’slawsofphysics“人類推翻了牛頓的物理定律”;B選項(xiàng)manhassolvedanewsetofgiganticpuzzles“人類已經(jīng)解決了一套新的巨大的謎題”;C選項(xiàng)manhaslostmanyscientificdiscoveries“人類已經(jīng)失去了許多科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)”;D選項(xiàng)manhasgivenupsomeoftheonceacceptedtheories“人類已經(jīng)放棄了一些曾經(jīng)被接受的理論”。根據(jù)第三段最后一句someofthelawsofphysicsareamendedeveryfewyears,somearecanceledoutright,someundergorevisedversionsoflegislativeintentasiftheywereactsofCongress.(有些物理定律每隔幾年就會(huì)被修訂,有些被完全取消,有些經(jīng)過立法意圖的修訂版本,就像它們是國會(huì)法案一樣。),可知人類對(duì)理論所采取的做法是修正,擯棄,甚至采取立法手段,故D選項(xiàng)“人類已經(jīng)放棄了一些曾經(jīng)被接受的理論”正確。A、B、C選項(xiàng)不是主要發(fā)現(xiàn),而是其中小部分。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第四段Justthirtyyearsagowecallitabiologicalrevolution…Forawhile,thingsseemedsimpleandclear…Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex(30年前,我們稱之為一場生物革命……有一段時(shí)間,事情似乎簡單明了……但就在最近幾年,它變得幾乎難以置信地復(fù)雜),可知人們對(duì)于DNA的認(rèn)識(shí)不斷在更新,有很多要了解的,不是一無所知,故D選項(xiàng)“人類對(duì)DNA還需要了解很多”正確,C選項(xiàng)“人類對(duì)DNA一無所知”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“沒有必要把DNA的信息告訴大眾”:作者沒有這個(gè)意思。B選項(xiàng)“DNA中的小細(xì)胞是一臺(tái)小巧的機(jī)器”:根據(jù)第四段第二句,DNA在30年前被比作小機(jī)器,但現(xiàn)在這個(gè)概念被顛覆。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Itisnotjustthatthereismoretodo,thereiseverythingtodo.(不僅是有更多的事情要做,而是每件事都要做。),可知人類在科學(xué)發(fā)展方面還需要做大量的研究,這只是一個(gè)開始,故A選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)才剛剛開始”正確。B選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)極大地改善了人類生活”和D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)對(duì)人類作用太小”沒有著重表述。C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)取得了里程碑式的進(jìn)步”沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.綜合歸納題。A選項(xiàng)critical“批判的”;B選項(xiàng)approving“支持的”;C選項(xiàng)neutral“中性的”;D選項(xiàng)regretful“偉大的”。根據(jù)第五段最后一句Aswelearnmoreaboutfundamentalprocessesoflivingthingsingeneralwewilllearnmoreaboutourselves.(隨著我們更多地了解生物的基本過程,我們也將更多地了解我們自己。),以及全文對(duì)科技進(jìn)步的描述,作者點(diǎn)出了科學(xué)進(jìn)步的好處,可見對(duì)科學(xué)持正向肯定態(tài)度,故B選項(xiàng)“支持的”正確。A,C和D選項(xiàng)不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thefinaldocumentwas,ofcourse,supposedtomendthedamage(

)upontheworldbythewar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imposed

B.impressed

C.compelled

D.compressed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。impose“把…強(qiáng)加于”;impress“給予…印象”;compel“強(qiáng)迫,迫使”;compress“壓縮”。句意:當(dāng)然,最終的文件應(yīng)該去修復(fù)戰(zhàn)爭強(qiáng)加給世界的損害。imposeupon“強(qiáng)加給…”為固定搭配。答案A

5.單選題

Hewasfiredbecauseofhis(

)refusaltofolloworders.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obstinate

B.obedient

C.obsolete

D.obstructive

【答案】A

【解析】obstinate頑固的,倔強(qiáng)的;obedient服從的;obsolete廢棄的;obstructive阻礙的,妨礙的。句意:他因固執(zhí)地拒絕服從命令而被解雇了。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

6.單選題

Everymonth¥3is(

)fromoursalaryforhouserepairingpayment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excluded

B.expelled

C.compelled

D.docked

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。exclude“排除,排斥”;expel“開除,逐出”;compel“迫使,強(qiáng)迫”;dock“扣除”。句意:每個(gè)月會(huì)從我們的工資中扣除3元作為房屋維修基金。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Thegirlhadan()mannerwhichmadeherverypopularatschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insoutiant

B.insouciant

C.insousant

D.insuciant

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。B選項(xiàng)insouciant“漫不經(jīng)心的,漠不關(guān)心的;無憂無慮的”;A,C和D這三項(xiàng)在英語中不存在。句意:這個(gè)女孩有著無憂無慮的舉止,這讓她在學(xué)校很受歡迎。結(jié)合句意,B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ApaperpublishedinNatureinJulyfoundthatEstonia(愛沙尼亞)hadoneofthehighestratesofforestlossinEurope.TherehadbeenarapidincreaseinforestharvestingacrossmanyEuropeancountries,theauthorsofthestudyfound,whichseemedbroadlylinkedtoagrowingdemandforwoodproducts.

Worldwide,astheareacoveredbyforestshasdecreasedbymorethan440millionacressince1990,treeplantationshaveincreasedbymorethan300millionacres.Forestsareincreasinglybeingconvertedintoindustrialtreefields—andtinyEstoniahasbecomeapointedcasestudyinthisglobaltransformation.ThelossofforestscutsdeepintoEstonianhistoryandtradition.

TheEstonianCulturalAssociationlists80sacredsitesthathavebeenclearedbyindustrialloggers.Theyhavemapped1,200additionalsites,manyofwhichhavenoformalprotection,puttingthematriskofbeinglogged.Manyofthesitesareinold-growthforests,whichmakeupabout2percentofEstonia’sremainingforestcover.

Thereisdebateabouttheaccuracyofthemap;theEstonianHeritageConservationAgencyhasnotadoptedit.ButattheheartofEstonianculture,liestheideaoftheforestasanactivepresence,athinghumansdonotcreatebutrather“getoutofthewayof”.Therespectfornaturehereispowerful.

Asforeigninvestmentandlogisticalsupportpouredin,Estoniansdrivingthecountry’shighwaysbegantoseeharvestermachinesontheedgeoftheforests,pullingtreesoutlikegrass.Intheirplacehavecomeevenlyspacedrowsofpineandspruceplantedfortheglobalmarket,areplacementoftheforestwithsomethingfarsimplerandmoreprofitable,asEstonianecologistAskoLohmushassaid.

9.Accordingtothestudy,forestlossinEuropeappearedtobeassociatedwith____.

10.TheimpactofforestlossonEstonialiesmainlyin____.

11.WhydidtheEstoniaCulturalAssociationworry?

12.Thereasonforpinesandsprucesbeingplantedisthat____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reduceddeforestation

B.risingneedoftimber

C.deterioratingenvironment

D.attackingofinsects

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thenationaleconomy

B.theworkingopportunities

C.thebalanceofpoliticalforces

D.thehistoricalandculturalheritage

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausemorethanathousandsiteshavebeendestroyed.

B.Becausefarlessthanonetenthoftheold-growthforestremained

C.Becausemostoftheforesthasnotbeenofficiallypreserved.

D.Becausemanyloggerslosttheirjobsduetoforestloss.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyareenvironmentallyadapted

B.theyareeconomicallyefficient

C.theyrequirelesslandandwater

D.theyhaveshortergrowingperiod

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】9.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothestudy,forestlossinEuropeappearedtobeassociatedwith____.根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究,歐洲的森林損失似乎與____有關(guān)。

A.reduceddeforestationA.減少森林砍伐

B.risingneedoftimberB.木材需求上升

C.deterioratingenvironmentC.環(huán)境惡化

D.attackingofinsectsD.昆蟲的攻擊

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞forestlossinEurope定位到原文第一段最后一句,該句提到“許多歐洲國家的森林采伐迅速增加,這似乎與對(duì)木材產(chǎn)品日益增長的需求密切相關(guān)(linkedtoagrowingdemandforwoodproducts)?!庇纱丝芍?,B選項(xiàng)“木材需求上升”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“減少森林砍伐”,原文并未提及,根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷可知,減少森林砍伐有利于保護(hù)森林,而不是造成森林損失,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境惡化”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“昆蟲的攻擊”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

10.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheimpactofforestlossonEstonialiesmainlyin____.森林損失對(duì)愛沙尼亞(Estonia)的影響主要體現(xiàn)在____。

A.thenationaleconomyA.國民經(jīng)濟(jì)

B.theworkingopportunitiesB.工作機(jī)會(huì)

C.thebalanceofpoliticalforcesC.政治力量的平衡

D.thehistoricalandculturalheritageD.歷史文化遺產(chǎn)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞forestloss和Estonia定位到原文第二段。本段最后一句提到“森林的消失深深影響著愛沙尼亞的歷史和傳統(tǒng)(cutsdeepintoEstonianhistoryandtradition)?!庇纱丝芍?,森林損失對(duì)愛沙尼亞的影響主要體現(xiàn)在D選項(xiàng)“歷史文化遺產(chǎn)”上。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“國民經(jīng)濟(jì)”,原文雖然提到森林損失與木材需求上升有關(guān),但因此認(rèn)為森林損失對(duì)愛沙尼亞的影響主要體現(xiàn)在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)上,理由并不充分,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理;

B選項(xiàng)“工作機(jī)會(huì)”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“政治力量的平衡”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

11.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhydidtheEstoniaCulturalAssociationworry?愛沙尼亞文化協(xié)會(huì)為什么會(huì)擔(dān)心?

A.Becausemorethanathousandsiteshavebeendestroyed.A.因?yàn)橛幸磺Ф嗵幍刂繁粴А?/p>

B.Becausefarlessthanonetenthoftheold-growthforestremainedB.因?yàn)楸A粝聛淼脑忌诌h(yuǎn)少于十分之一。

C.Becausemostoftheforesthasnotbeenofficiallypreserved.C.因?yàn)榇蟛糠稚譀]有得到官方的保護(hù)。

D.Becausemanyloggerslosttheirjobsduetoforestloss.D.因?yàn)樵S多伐木工由于森林損失而失去了工作。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞EstoniaCulturalAssociation定位到原文第三段。本段第二句提到“他們又繪制了1200個(gè)地點(diǎn),其中很多都沒有正式的保護(hù)措施(manyofwhichhavenoformalprotection),使它們面臨被砍伐的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?!庇纱丝芍?,大部分的森林還沒有受到正式的保護(hù),面臨被砍伐的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榇蟛糠稚譀]有得到官方的保護(hù)”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)橛幸磺Ф嗵幍刂繁粴А?,可定位到原文第三段第一句,該句提到“愛沙尼亞文化協(xié)會(huì)列出了80個(gè)被工業(yè)伐木工清除的圣地?!庇纱丝芍?,被毀的地址是80個(gè),而不是一千多處,原文一千多處是他們另外繪制的一些地址,不是被毀的森林地址,該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴;

B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楸A粝聛淼脑忌诌h(yuǎn)少于十分之一”,可定位到原文第三段最后一句,該句提到“許多遺址位于原始森林中,這些森林大約占愛沙尼亞剩余森林覆蓋面積的2%”,由此可知,原文是說,愛沙尼亞現(xiàn)存的原始森林,占森林覆蓋面積的2%,而不是說只有2%的原始森林保留下來了,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵S多伐木工由于森林損失而失去了工作”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

12.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thereasonforpinesandsprucesbeingplantedisthat____.種植松樹和云杉的原因是____。

A.theyareenvironmentallyadaptedA.它們能適應(yīng)環(huán)境

B.theyareeconomicallyefficientB.它們有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益

C.theyrequirelesslandandwaterC.它們需要更少的土地和水

D.theyhaveshortergrowingperiodD.它們生長周期更短

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞pinesandspruces定位到原文最后一段。本段最后一句提到“愛沙尼亞生態(tài)學(xué)家AskoLohmus說,取而代之的是為全球市場種植的一排排均勻分布的松樹和云杉,是更簡單、更有利可圖的森林(somethingfarsimplerandmoreprofitable)?!庇纱丝芍N植松樹和云杉主要是為了謀取更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,B選項(xiàng)“它們有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益”最符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它們能適應(yīng)環(huán)境”,原文雖然提到了它們更簡單,但是無從得知是否是更能適應(yīng)環(huán)境,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“它們需要更少的土地和水”,原文雖然提到了它們更簡單,但是無從得知是否是因?yàn)樗鼈冃枰俚耐恋睾退?,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“它們生長周期更短”,原文雖然提到了它們更簡單,但是無從得知是否是因?yàn)樗鼈兩L周期更短,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

9.單選題

Thekitchenwassmalland()sothatthedisabledcouldreacheverythingwithoutdifficulty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conventional

B.compact

C.compatible

D.concise

【答案】B

【解析】conventional傳統(tǒng)的,習(xí)用的,平常的;compact緊湊的,簡潔的;compatible協(xié)調(diào)的;concise簡明的,簡約的。句意:這間廚房小巧緊湊,殘疾人可以很方便的夠到所有的東西。

10.單選題

Duetohisrecentfailuretomeetthedeadline,Jasonis()fromthelistforpromotion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminated

B.retreated

C.pried

D.wrenched

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)eliminated“消除”;B選項(xiàng)retreated“撤退”;C選項(xiàng)pried“撬動(dòng)”;D選項(xiàng)wrenched“猛扭”。句意:由于最近未能按時(shí)完成任務(wù),賈森被從晉升名單上除名了。本句表示從名單上除名。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.填空題

Aschildrenwestart(1)anaturalcuriosityabouteverythingaroundus,andduringthematurationprocessthiscuriositycanbestimulated,bufferedorseverelyattenuatedbyourenvironmentandexperience.Thefuturesuccessofresearchinscienceandengineeringdepends(2)oursocietyrecognizingthecrucialroleplayedbystimulationofmentalprocessesearlyinlife.Patternrecognition,analyticalthinkingandsimilarabilitiesneedtobestimulatedfrombirthonward.Todestroythisnaturalcuriosityortoattenuatethejoyofdiscoveryisthegreatestdisservicewedo(3)thedevelopingperson.

Forthosewhoreachmaturitywiththeirnaturalcuriosityintactandenhancedbyeducation,thejoyofdiscoveryisastrongdriverofsuccess.Butwhyareso(4)ofourcapablestudentspursuingthelevelofeducationrequiredforasuccessfulresearchcareer?Isit(5)wehavedampenedtheircuriosity?Havewefailedtoletthemexperiencethejoyofdiscovery?Isitbecausethemediasometimesportraysscientistsandengineers(6)nerds?Isitbecausetoomanyofuscurrentlyinvolved(7)theresearchenterprisehavebecomedisenchantedwithourcircumstancesandthereforepaintableakfutureforpotentialscientistsandengineers?Perhapsentirelydifferentfactorsare(8)playinthedecisiontonotbecomescientistsandengineers.

Wehavetoofrequentlyportrayedscienceandengineeringasprofessionsthatareall-encompassing.Wehaveportrayedresearchasaprofessionthatrequireslongandgruelinghoursinthelaboratorytoachievesuccess.Wehave(9)topromotetheexcitementandexhilarationofdiscovery.Wehavenotpromotedthefactthatitisnotonlyverycommon(10)veryreasonabletohaveasuccessfulresearchcareerandanexcitingandnormalpersonallife.

【答案】1.with

2.on

3.to

4.few

5.because

6.as

7.in

8.at

9.failed

10.but

【解析】1.start后面需要加介詞with才能接名詞。startwith“從……開始”

2.dependonsth.是固定用法,意思是“取決于”。

3.句意:去摧毀這種天性或者去打擊這種發(fā)現(xiàn)的喜悅是我們對(duì)處于正在發(fā)展中的人做出的最大的傷害。填介詞to

4.根據(jù)句意和of結(jié)構(gòu),空格處可填寫的詞是many或者few,由轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可以得出空格處的意思與前文有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,前文提到既然thejoyofdiscovery是成功強(qiáng)有力的推動(dòng)力,接下來出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折,所以此處應(yīng)該填few.

5.前一句有why提出的疑問,這一句是對(duì)前一句的回答,所以填原因。

6.portrayas“描繪成……”

7.involvein“涉及,參與”。

8.atplay“在……中起到了作用”

9.空格處所在的句子與后面的句子wehavenotpromotedthatfact…表達(dá)的是同鄉(xiāng)的意思,所以空格處應(yīng)該填與not對(duì)應(yīng)的否定詞。failtodosth.“做某事失敗”。

10.notonly…but(also)“不僅……而且……”

12.單選題

Manyparentsarebusysendingtheirchildrentovarioustalentshows.(

)matterstothemistoturntheirchildrenfamousovernight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.It

B.Anything

C.Which

D.What

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知matterstothem是主語從句,且該從句主語只有what符合,故正確答案選D。句意為:許多父母送孩子學(xué)習(xí)各種興趣班。對(duì)他們來說重要的是讓孩子一夜成名。

13.單選題

MoscowseemstobemovingpastitsoldfearofanexpandedNATO.ThoughRussiadoesnotwanttojoinNATO——PutinandotherpoliticianshavemadeitclearthattheyconsiderRussiacapableofensuringitsownsecurity---itisplacinganew()onfosteringtiewithitsNATOneighbors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.premium

B.prelude

C.preponderance

D.preamble

【答案】A

【解析】形近異義詞辨析。premium“額外費(fèi)用”;prelude“前奏,序幕”;preponderance“優(yōu)勢,多數(shù)”;preamble“序文,先兆”。又根據(jù)固定搭配placeanewpremiumon“鼓勵(lì),重視”,句意:普京和其他政客已經(jīng)明確表示,他們認(rèn)為俄羅斯有能力確保自己的安全---俄羅斯注重加強(qiáng)與北約鄰國的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersassurgicaltoolsinoperationsonpeoplewhoarepronetoheartattack.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.areinfectiousto

B.areaccessibleto

C.aredisposedof

D.aresusceptibleto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)areinfectiousto“有傳染性”;B選項(xiàng)areaccessibleto“都可以訪問”;C選項(xiàng)aredisposedof“正在處理”;D選項(xiàng)aresusceptibleto“易受”。句意:醫(yī)生有興趣使用激光作為手術(shù)工具,對(duì)那些容易心臟病發(fā)作的人進(jìn)行手術(shù)。根據(jù)此處關(guān)鍵詞heartattack(心臟?。┛膳懦鼳選項(xiàng),B選項(xiàng)及C選項(xiàng)不符合句意也可排除,D選項(xiàng)aresusceptibleto“易受”最符合題意,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemic(流行?。﹐fsleepinessinthenation.“Ican’tthinkofasinglestudythathasn’tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,”saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.

Thebeginningofoursleep-deficit(lack)crisescanbetracedbacktotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.Fromdiaryentriesandourpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight.“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.”Bythe1950sand1960s,thesleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5and8hours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock.“Peoplecheatintheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit,”saysDr.David.“Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8orevenmoretofeelideallyenergetic.”

Perhapsthemostmercilessrobberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunityincrease,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemontheirprograms.“Inoursociety,you’reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouneedo

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